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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-捷克語口語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#捷克語口語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>捷克語口語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-捷克語口語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-詞類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>詞類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詞類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-变格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#变格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>变格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-变格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-介係詞與變格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#介係詞與變格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>介係詞與變格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-介係詞與變格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性和生命性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性和生命性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>性和生命性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性和生命性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>人名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-动词变位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#动词变位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>动词变位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-动词变位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語言舉例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言舉例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>語言舉例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-語言舉例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关語言舉例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-語言舉例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-日常用語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日常用語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>日常用語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日常用語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-月份名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#月份名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>月份名稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-月份名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参閲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参閲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参閲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参閲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">捷克语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。172种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ачех бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ачех бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BC%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ቼክኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቼክኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checo" title="Idioma checo – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma checo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6misc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Bæmisc sprǣc – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bæmisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التشيكية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التشيكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="تشيكى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checu" title="Idioma checu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma checu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceskava" title="Ceskava – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceskava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ex_dili" title="Çex dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çex dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چک دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чех теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чех теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sproch" title="Tschechische Sproch – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceku_kalba" title="Čeku kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čeku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чэшская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэшская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чэская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чешки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="চেক ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeg" title="Tchekeg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txec" title="Txec – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C4%95k-k%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ciĕk-káik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Чехийн мотт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Tsekyo" title="Pinulongang Tsekyo – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Tsekyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زمانی چیکی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی چیکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ceca" title="Lingua ceca – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua ceca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eh_tili" title="Çeh tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çeh tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1tina" title="Čeština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čeština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Czesczi jãzëk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czesczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Чєшьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чех чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieceg" title="Tsieceg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieceg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkisk_(sprog)" title="Tjekkisk (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eki" title="Çeki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çeki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Česka rěc – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τσεχική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5a_lingvo" title="Ĉeĥa lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checo" title="Idioma checo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma checo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi_keel" title="Tšehhi keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زبان چکی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekin_kieli" title="Tšekin kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_kiil" title="Tsehhi kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Kekkiskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8que" title="Tchèque – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchèque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C2%B7%C3%A8co" title="Tch·èco – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tch·èco" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechisk_spriak" title="Tschechisk spriak – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_ceche" title="Lenghe ceche – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe ceche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechysk" title="Tsjechysk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeicis" title="An tSeicis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeicis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eh_dili" title="Çeh dili – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çeh dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seacais" title="Seacais – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seacais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_checa" title="Lingua checa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="چکي زوؤن – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چکي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheckish" title="Sheckish – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheckish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Czech" title="Yaren Czech – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Czech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%CC%8Dp-khiet-ng%C3%AE" title="Chhia̍p-khiet-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kiekia" title="ʻŌlelo Kiekia – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צ'כית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चॅक भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चॅक भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_bhasa" title="Czech bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czech bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9B%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Čěšćina – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cseh_nyelv" title="Cseh nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cseh nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Չեխերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chec" title="Lingua chec – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ceko" title="Bahasa Ceko – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Tseko" title="Pagsasao a Tseko – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Tseko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheka_linguo" title="Cheka linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cheka linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kkneska" title="Tékkneska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ceca" title="Lingua ceca – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="チェコ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_C%C3%A9ko" title="Basa Céko – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხური ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C4%8Dikiyt" title="Tutlayt tačikiyt – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tačikiyt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ceko" title="Basa Ceko – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Ceko" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Чех тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чех тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಚೆಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೆಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%96%B4" title="체코어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%A7ek%C3%AE" title="Zimanê çekî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê çekî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Чех кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чех кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekek" title="Chekek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chekek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чех тили – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чех тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Bohemica" title="Lingua Bohemica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Bohemica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch" title="Tschechesch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чех чӀал – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чех чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesce_(lingua)" title="Txesce (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechisch" title="Tsjechisch – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ceca" title="Lengua ceca – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_cech" title="Lingaz cech – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz cech" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ceca" title="Lengua ceca – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua ceca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čekų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehu_valoda" title="Čehu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Чехонь кяль – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tseky" title="Fiteny tseky – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tseky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Чех йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чех йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ചെക്ക് ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Чех хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯆꯦꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯦꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Czech" title="Bahasa Czech – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Чехень кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چکی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechies" title="Tsjechies – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechisch" title="Tsjechisch – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkisk" title="Tsjekkisk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkisk" title="Tsjekkisk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chèc (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Чехаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_tch%C3%A8que" title="Langue tchèque – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Langue tchèque" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekyan" title="Chekyan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chekyan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_czeski" title="Język czeski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język czeski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ceca" title="Lenga ceca – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چیک بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="چېکي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېکي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tcheca" title="Língua tcheca – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tcheca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiku_simi" title="Chiku simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tscheca" title="Lingua tscheca – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tscheca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ceh%C4%83" title="Limba cehă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba cehă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Чешский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чешский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Чеськый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чеськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiceke" title="Igiceke – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igiceke" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ceca" title="Limba ceca – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_leid" title="Czech leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceahkagiella" title="Čeahkagiella – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čeahkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1tina" title="Čeština – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Češčina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Sieki" title="Faʻa Sieki – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1eekikiel%C3%A2" title="Tšeekikielâ – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšeekikielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_%C3%A7eke" title="Gjuha çeke – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_C%C3%A9ko" title="Basa Céko – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckiska" title="Tjeckiska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kicheki" title="Kicheki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kicheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_godka" title="Czesko godka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="செக் மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D3%A3" title="Забони чехӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони чехӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาเช็ก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเช็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tseko" title="Wikang Tseko – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexi_zyvon" title="Cexi zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ek%C3%A7e" title="Çekçe – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чех теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чех теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Чех кыл – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чех кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D8%AE_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="چېخ تىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чеська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чеська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیک زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chex_tili" title="Chex tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chex tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ceca" title="Łéngua ceca – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehan_kel%27" title="Čehan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_S%C3%A9c" title="Tiếng Séc – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg" title="Tsyeg – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyeg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcheke" title="Tcheke – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tcheke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tseko" title="Tseko – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tseko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="捷克語 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克語" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A9" title="טשעכיש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Ts%E1%BA%B9%CC%81k%C3%AC" title="Èdè Tsẹ́kì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Tsẹ́kì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhisch" title="Tsjehhisch – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhisch" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="捷克語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko-g%C3%AD" title="Chesko-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="捷克文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiTsheki" title="IsiTsheki – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiTsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9056#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&oldid=84120807" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&id=84120807&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_language" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1062" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9056" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-6a15ed6b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" 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class="extiw" title="en:Czech language">英語維基百科</a>和<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1tina" class="extiw" title="cs:Čeština">捷克語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">捷克语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="cs">Čeština</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><br />在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>作为少数语言</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1060萬<br />~100萬（第二語言）<br /> （2015）<sup id="cite_ref-Cerna_2007_26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cerna_2007_26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="西斯拉夫语支">西斯拉夫语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克-斯洛伐克語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech–Slovak languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B-%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克-斯洛伐克語言（页面不存在）">捷克-斯洛伐克語言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%E2%80%93Slovak_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Czech–Slovak languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech–Slovak languages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>捷克语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧盟</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克共和国科学院捷克语研究院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech Language Institute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克共和国科学院捷克语研究院（页面不存在）">捷克共和国科学院捷克语研究院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Language_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Czech Language Institute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech Language Institute</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<span lang="cs"><i>Ústav pro jazyk český Akademie věd České republiky</i></span>）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=cs">cs</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/cze" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:cze">cze</a> （B）</code> <br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ces" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ces">ces</a> （T）</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ces" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ces">ces</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>捷克語</b>（<span lang="cs">čeština</span>），舊稱<b>波希米亞語</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">lingua Bohemica</span>），属于<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="西斯拉夫语支">西斯拉夫语支</a>的成员，属同一语支的语言还有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克語">斯洛伐克語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">相互理解性</a>高）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>（相互理解性較低）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%88%92%E6%AF%94%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="卡舒比語">卡舒比語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="西里西亞語">西里西亞語</a>等語言。捷克语使用者大多數為<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克共和国">捷克共和国</a>居民，少數居住於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>的城市。此外，世界各地大約有100萬捷克人，其中20至30萬人使用捷克語。包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="二合字母">二合字母</a>“ch”在内，捷克語共有42個字母。 </p><p>捷克語擁有豐富的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81" title="语态">语态</a>，使得捷克語的語句結構較為自由。捷克語有很多獨特的發音，如子音“<span lang="cs"><i>ř</i></span>”（發音為/r̝/）、音節<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="響音">響音</a>（syllabic sonorant）<i>l</i> 、<i>m</i> 和 <i>r</i> ，因此有許多看似缺乏母音的詞彙，如“<i>zmrzl</i>”、“<i>ztvrdl</i>”、“<i>scvrnkl</i>”、“<i>čtvrthrst</i>”、“<i><a href="/wiki/Str%C4%8D_prst_skrz_krk" title="Strč prst skrz krk">Strč prst skrz krk</a></i>”等。一般情況下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="重音">重音</a>在第一音節。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>12~16世紀，捷克語的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="詞彙">詞彙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文法">文法</a>發展變化很快，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="原始斯拉夫語">原始斯拉夫語</a>的差異很大。最早的捷克語文字記錄見於11、12世紀<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>地區拉丁文手抄本上的零星註釋。14世紀，學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚·胡斯</a>創造了新的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="捷克语正字法">正字法</a>，為捷克語的書面語言奠定了基礎，捷克文書寫的歷史、哲學、法學和文學著作開始發展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="捷克語口語"><span id=".E6.8D.B7.E5.85.8B.E8.AA.9E.E5.8F.A3.E8.AA.9E"></span>捷克語口語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：捷克語口語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>捷克語口语（<i>obecná čeština</i>；“普通捷克语”）與捷克语书面语（<i>spisovná čeština</i>）有很大的差異。它不是地方方言或口音，而是在波希米亞地方廣泛使用的捷克語口語。部分在摩拉維亞的語言學家將此口語語言定義為跨地區方言（<i>Interdialekt</i>），因為捷克語口語是一個跨地區而不被地方的地理文化等因素所侷限而在捷克存在的廣泛在日常生活中被使用的語言。此口語語言幾乎沒有書面文字的基礎。 </p><p>另外，摩拉維亞語（<i>Moravština</i>）是一個對於在捷克境內的摩拉維亞地區方言的集合名詞。值得注意的是，所謂的布尔诺口语（<i><span lang="cs">brněnský/brněnské hantec</span></i>）是布尔诺隱語的遗存，現今僅僅只存在於藝術繪畫裡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異"><span id=".E6.8D.B7.E5.85.8B.E8.AA.9E.E8.88.87.E6.96.AF.E6.B4.9B.E4.BC.90.E5.85.8B.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.AE.E7.95.B0"></span>捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：捷克語與斯洛伐克語的差異"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">相互理解性</a></div> <p>捷克语和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛伐克语">斯洛伐克语</a>很类似，过去可以<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">互通</a>，目前，捷克语与斯洛伐克语的差异正在变大，但对互通程度影响不大。最簡單藉由兩語言的字母來分辨, 捷克語獨有<b><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">ř</a></b>、<b>ě</b>和<b>ů</b>，斯洛伐克語獨有<b><a href="/wiki/%C4%BD" title="Ľ">ľ</a></b>、<b>ŕ</b>、 <b>ä</b>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="雙元音">雙元音</a><b>ô</b>。尤其是斯洛伐克語裡普通的子音組合<b>dz</b>和<b>dž</b>以及在捷克語鮮少出現的雙元音<i>ia</i>、<i>ie</i> 和 <i>iu</i>。 </p><p>因為這兩個語言的相似處讓捷克人與斯洛伐克人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a>共同的歷史與連結能夠相對地彼此理解，然而在捷克與斯洛伐克的分裂之後，兩國的新的世代彼此較不容易理解。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 值得注意的是, 在兩國仍還是共同屬於一個國家時，因為法律明確針對政府官方語言的規定, 如捷克的行政法500/2004 Sb.與斯洛伐克的少數民族語言法184/1999 Zb.，昔日的公家機關文件在今日依法仍具有效力。另外，像是在捷克電視節目裡斯洛伐克語的使用皆維持未翻譯的狀態播放，在斯洛伐克反之亦然。今日在捷克境內的斯洛伐克人使用一種混和捷克語與斯洛伐克語的語言，一般被稱為「捷克斯洛伐克語」（<i>českoslovenčina</i>）。最著名的例子為昔日最後一位共產捷克斯洛伐克共和國總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B" title="古斯塔夫·胡萨克">古斯塔夫·胡薩克</a>的口音被戲稱「胡薩克語」（<i>husákovština</i>）。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/220px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/330px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/440px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>中東歐語言與方言</figcaption></figure> <p>以下藉由地理分區來分辨方言族群：<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>波希米亞方言（a – 東北組 b – 中部組 c – 西南組 d – 波希米亞-摩拉維亞組）</li> <li>中摩拉維亞方言</li> <li>東摩拉維亞方言</li> <li>西里西亞方言（a – 西里西亞-摩拉維亞組 b – 西里西亞-波蘭組）</li> <li>邊界地區無法統一分區的方言（1945年起大量捷克和斯洛伐克人等不同族裔者的遷入。1945年德語使用者占人口多数。）</li></ol> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Czech_dialects.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Czech_dialects.PNG/220px-Czech_dialects.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Czech_dialects.PNG/330px-Czech_dialects.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Czech_dialects.PNG/440px-Czech_dialects.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>捷克方言分區</figcaption></figure> <p>然而在大部分地區的原始方言因為跨地區的所謂的捷克語口語影響而漸漸消失。這個狀況由17世紀開始，並且在20世紀因為媒體而影響加烈。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：文法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克語語法（页面不存在）">捷克語語法</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E6%A0%BC" title="变格">变格</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%8D" title="变位">变位</a>大部分在於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="詞尾">词尾</a>的改變（和/或<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%B9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="词干">词干</a>的小变化）。存在很多变格和变位形式，以及不规则变格和变位。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="詞序">词序</a>相对自由，允许多种表達風格。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="詞類"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E9.A1.9E"></span>詞類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：詞類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>（<i>podstatné jméno</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容詞</a>（<i>přídavné jméno</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="代名詞">代名詞</a>（<i>zájmeno</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">數詞</a>（<i>číslovka</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="動詞">動詞</a>（<i>sloveso</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E" title="副詞">副詞</a>（<i>příslovce</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%A9%9E" title="前置詞">前置詞</a>（<i>předložka</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%8E%A5%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="連接詞">連接詞</a>（<i>spojka</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%81%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="小品词">小品词</a>（<i>částice</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="感叹词">感叹词</a>（<i>citoslovce</i>）</li></ul> <p>各種詞類中，名詞及形容詞、代名詞及数詞、動詞都會隨着詞語中句子中的搆成部份變化而改變。這種變化，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>的特色。這種特色，使它構詞變得十分方便；然而，亦使這些語言經常出現一些超長的詞語，因為其他語言往往需要三言兩語才能夠表達的意思，它只要一個詞就可以了。除以上五種詞類之外，其他詞類都不會變化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="变格"><span id=".E5.8F.98.E6.A0.BC"></span>变格</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：变格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>捷克語是個具屈折语強烈特徵的語言，具有七個格位（主格、屬格、與格、賓格、呼格、方位格、工具格），每個格位各有單複數變化。如同罗曼语族或是部分日耳曼语族語言，名詞有陰陽性區分，有四种类别，即: 陽性（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9F%E6%80%A7" title="有生性">有生</a>）、陽性（无生）、陰性、中性。名詞、形容詞、副詞、代名詞與數詞等都必須參與詞尾變化。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>1.</td> <td><i>kdo/co?</i> (誰/什麼?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td><i>(bez) koho/čeho?</i> (沒有誰/什麼?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E6%A0%BC" title="属格">屬格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td><i>(ke) komu/čemu?</i> (到誰那/什麼那?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="與格">與格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><i>(vidíme) koho/co?</i> (我們看誰/什麼?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="賓格">賓格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.</td> <td><i>oslovujeme/voláme</i> (我們稱呼誰/什麼)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E6%A0%BC" title="呼格">呼格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.</td> <td><i>(o) kom/čem?</i> (有關誰/什麼?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E6%A0%BC" title="方位格">方位格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.</td> <td><i>(s) kým/čím?</i> (使用誰/什麼?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="工具格">工具格</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>如同拉丁語或其他斯拉夫語系語言，捷克語既沒有定冠詞也沒有不定冠詞。口語中，指示代名詞 <i>ten</i>（陽性），<i>ta</i>（陰性），<i>to</i>（中性）的使用具有冠詞的功能。例如： <i>Ten pán se podivál na toho psa</i>（那位先生看著那隻狗）。捷克语口语中冠词由指示代名詞發展而来，这一过程与罗曼语族語言或是日耳曼语族語言相似。 </p><p>許多形容詞變化與分詞變化有所謂長型與短型之分，其字尾會依照名詞的性數格來變化。短型有所謂的述語（或譯表語）功能，沒有格的變化。形容词的短型几乎只使用在正式文风里，而過去分詞（即被動分詞）的長短型在口语中可表達不同意義，例如：<i>Okno bylo zavřeno</i>（過程被動：„窗戶被關（窗戶被關閉的動作被行使）"） ←→ <i>Okno bylo zavřené</i>（狀態被動：„窗戶關着（窗戶已在被關閉的狀態）"）。 </p><p>另外，有部分的名詞用有形容詞字尾的特徵，並必須如同形容詞字尾變化來對性數格做改變。詳細參見<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="捷克語格變化">捷克語格變化</a>一文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="介係詞與變格"><span id=".E4.BB.8B.E4.BF.82.E8.A9.9E.E8.88.87.E8.AE.8A.E6.A0.BC"></span>介係詞與變格</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：介係詞與變格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>掌握名詞格位最簡單的規則是介系詞的使用。除了片語以外，每個介係詞都根據內文使用而決定其之後詞的格。以下是介係詞的基礎範例，然而有些介係詞根據內文可應對兩個以上的格： </p> <ul><li><b>屬格</b>: <i>během</i> (在...期間), <i>podle/dle</i> (根據/沿著), <i>vedle</i> (在...旁邊), <i>kolem</i> (環繞...), <i>okolo</i> (在...附近), <i>do</i> (到...), <i>od(e)</i> (從...), <i>z(e)</i> (從...出), <i>bez(e)</i> (沒有), <i>místo</i> (不...而), <i>u</i> (在...).</li> <li><b>與格</b>: <i>k(e)</i> (去...), <i>proti</i> (面對...), <i>díky</i> (由於...), <i>naproti</i> (在...對面).</li> <li><b>賓格</b>: <i>skrz(e)</i> (穿越...), <i>pro</i> (給...), <i>na</i> (給...).</li> <li><b>方位格</b>: <i>o</i> (有關), <i>na</i> (在...上面), <i>při</i> (當...), <i>v(e)</i> (在...裡面), <i>po</i> (在...之後).</li> <li><b>工具格</b>: <i>za</i> (在...後面), <i>před(e)</i> (在...前面), <i>mezi</i> (在...之間), <i>pod(e)</i> (在...下面), <i>s(e)</i> (跟), <i>nad(e)</i> (在...上面).</li></ul> <p><i>nad</i>, <i>mezi</i>, <i>na</i>, <i>pod</i>等表示空間的介係詞用在描述一個動態或是方位的改變時，要求後面的詞用賓格，反之，在描述靜態位置等則與其他格位對應。 </p><p>除此之外，动词是影响名词变格的又一因素。一般來說賓格應對直接賓語, 與格應對間接賓語。然而, 有些動詞的受詞必須使用屬格, 例如動詞"zeptat se"要求被問者使用屬格: <i>Zeptat se koho/čeho</i> (問誰/什麼(屬格)), 而被問之事物在介係詞"na"之後用與格: <i>Zeptat se koho/čeho na koho/co</i> (向誰/什麼(屬格) 詢問有關誰/什麼(與格))。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="數"><span id=".E6.95.B8"></span>數</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：數"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>捷克語也用有與斯拉夫語系同樣典型的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="数 (语法)">數</a>系統，以下以有生陽性名詞<i>muž</i> （男人）舉例: </p> <ul><li>數字為1時，名詞用單數： <i>jeden muž</i> （一個男人）</li> <li>數字為2-4時，名詞因其在句子中的功能而使用相應的格的複數： <i>dva muži</i> （兩個男人）、<i>tři muži</i> （三個男人）、<i>čtyři muži</i> （四個男人）</li> <li>數字為5及以上時: 數量五個以上的名詞在主格、屬格、賓格、呼格的位置時，皆使用屬格複數，<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如例: <i>Pět mužů je tam.</i> （五個男人在那） "Vidím pět mužů."（我看見五個男人）。然而在其他格位仍需如同一般複數型態名詞變化詞尾如例: <i>nad pěti muži</i> （在五個男人上面（工具格））</li></ul> <p>上面的例子適用於口語，在書面語中有額外的規則：以上的變格係統僅僅基於數字的個位，因此101使用單數：<i>sto jeden muž</i> （101個男人）、而102使用普通複數：<i>sto dva muži</i> （102個男人）。對於可用兩種方式讀出的數字，如21，名詞的形式取決於相應數字讀法的結尾: <i>dvacet jeden muž</i> 或 <i>jednadvacet mužů</i>（21個男人）。 </p><p>而<b>數詞</b>本身也需對應的格做變化，下表以dva（數字2）舉例：<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>主格</td> <td><i>dva/dvě</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>屬格</td> <td><i>dvou</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>與格</td> <td><i>dvěma</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>受格</td> <td><i>dva/dvě</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>呼格</td> <td><i>dva/dvě</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>方位格</td> <td><i>(o) dvou</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>工具格</td> <td><i>dvěma</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>除了單數（jednotné číslo）與複數（množné číslo）外，捷克語還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="原始斯拉夫語">原始斯拉夫語</a><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6)" title="双数 (语言学)">雙數</a></b>（duál）型態的殘留，僅出現在一些人體器官字彙的特定格中，如: </p> <ul><li>主格：<i>oko</i>（眼）-<i>oči</i>（雙眼）， <i>ucho</i>（耳）-<i>uši</i>（雙耳）。</li> <li>方位格：<i>rameno</i>（肩）-<i>ramenou</i> （雙肩）， <i>koleno</i>（膝）-<i>kolenou</i>（雙膝）， <i>ruka</i> （手）-<i>rukou</i> （雙手）， <i>noha</i>（腿/腳）-<i>nohou</i>（雙腿/雙腳）</li> <li>工具格：<i>oko</i>（眼）-<i>očima</i>（雙眼）， <i>ucho</i>（耳）-<i>ušima</i>（雙耳）， <i>ruka</i> （手）-<i>rukama</i> （雙手）， <i>noha</i>（腿/腳）-<i>nohama</i>（雙腿/雙腳）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="性和生命性"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E5.92.8C.E7.94.9F.E5.91.BD.E6.80.A7"></span>性和生命性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：性和生命性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>捷克語有三個<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (语法)">性</a>：阳性、阴性和中性。其中阳性又被区分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9F%E6%80%A7" title="有生性">有生</a>和无生。除去少数例外，阴性名词的主格以<i>-a</i>, <i>-e</i>, 或 <i>-ost</i>结尾；中性名词以 <i>-o</i>, <i>-e</i>, 或 <i>-í</i>结尾；阳性名词以辅音结尾。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 形容词与所修饰的名词保持性的一致——对于宾格或属格单数、以及主格复数的阳性名词，还要保持生命性的一致。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 除了影响名词和形容词的词尾变化之外，性也影响过去式动词的结尾（与名词变化类似）：例如 <i>dělal</i> (他做了); <i>dělala</i> (她做了); <i>dělalo</i> (它做了)。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人名"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.90.8D"></span>人名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：人名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="动词变位"><span id=".E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E5.8F.98.E4.BD.8D"></span>动词变位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：动词变位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人稱、數量、時態決定捷克語動詞變化。 </p><p>捷克語動詞具備斯拉夫語的一個典型特徵, 即按<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="体 (语法)">體</a>成對的動詞，一般來說，大部分的動詞會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E9%AB%94" title="完成體">完成體</a>(perfektivní, 表動作的方向性或一次性的動作)型與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="未完成体">未完成體</a>(imperfektivní, 表動作的狀態或重複性的動作)型。部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E9%AB%94" title="完成體">完成體</a>動詞藉由增加字尾來造其未完成體動詞如: <i>dát</i>(pf.)-<i>dávat</i>(impf.) (給), 部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="未完成体">未完成體</a>動詞藉由增加字首來造其完成體動詞如: <i>udělat</i>(pf.)-<i>dělat</i>(impf.) (做)。但也有不具備同樣字莖的成對動詞如: <i>vzít</i>(pf.)-<i>brát</i>(impf.) (拿)。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>時態與體的關係：只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="未完成体">未完成體</a>動詞的現在式變化型態能表"現在"意義, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E9%AB%94" title="完成體">完成體</a>動詞的現在變化形態能表達"未來一次性"意義。當使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="未完成体">未完成體</a>動詞表達"過去"或"未來"意義, 或當使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E9%AB%94" title="完成體">完成體</a>動詞表達"過去"意義時, 需要使用助動詞být("是"), 而第三人稱時則不需要být。如下表: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">動詞的體</th> <th style="width:100px;">過去</th> <th style="width:100px;"> <p>（中文） </p> </th> <th style="width:100px;">現在</th> <th style="width:100px;"> <p>（中文） </p> </th> <th style="width:100px;">未來</th> <th style="width:100px;"> <p>（中文） </p> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>完成體</td> <td>udělal jsem<br />udělal jsi<br />udělal<br />udělali jsme<br />udělali jste<br />udělali</td> <td>我做完了<br />你做完了<br />他做完了<br />我們做完了<br />你們做完了<br />他們做完了</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>udělám<br />uděláš<br />udělá<br />uděláme<br />uděláte<br />udělají</td> <td>我將會做完<br />你將會做完<br />他將會做完<br />我們將會做完<br />你們將會做完<br />他們將會做完 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="未完成体">未完成體</a></td> <td>dělal jsem<br />dělal jsi<br />dělal<br />dělali jsme<br />dělali jste<br />dělali</td> <td>我做了<br />你做了<br />他做了<br />我們做了<br />你們做了<br />他們做了</td> <td>dělám<br />děláš<br />dělá<br />děláme<br />děláte<br />dělají</td> <td>我做<br />你做<br />他做<br />我們做<br />你們做<br />他們做</td> <td>budu dělat<br />budeš dělat<br />bude dělat<br />budeme dělat<br />budete dělat<br />budou dělat</td> <td>我將會做<br />你將會做<br />他將會做<br />我們將會做<br />你們將會做<br />他們將會做 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>字母</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="捷克語字母">捷克語字母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="捷克语正字法">捷克语正字法</a></div> <p>捷克语字母表是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>组成，字母如下： </p> <table style="margin:0.2em auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #ced8df;clear:both;width:36em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="30" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="捷克語字母">捷克語字母</a> </th></tr> <tr lang="cs"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">á</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Č</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">č</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">Ď</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">ď</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">É</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">Ě</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">ě</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ch_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" title="Ch (二合字母)">Ch</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ch_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" title="Ch (二合字母)">ch</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="cs"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D" title="Í">Í</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D" title="Í">í</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">Ň</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">ň</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">Ó</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">ó</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#dee8ff;padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#dee8ff;padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">Ř</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">ř</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">š</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="cs"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A4" title="Ť">Ť</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A4" title="Ť">ť</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9A" title="Ú">Ú</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9A" title="Ú">ú</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%AE" title="Ů">Ů</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%AE" title="Ů">ů</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#dee8ff;padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#dee8ff;padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">Ý</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">ý</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">ž</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>捷克語裏，q、w字母一般不出現，多以kv、v代替，x和g一般也作為外來詞使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語言舉例"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80.E8.88.89.E4.BE.8B"></span>語言舉例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：語言舉例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日常用語"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E5.B8.B8.E7.94.A8.E8.AA.9E"></span>日常用語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：日常用語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-left"> <tbody><tr> <td width="150px">捷克语</td> <td width="200px">英语</td> <td width="200px">中文 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Těší mě </span></td> <td>Nice to meet you.</td> <td>很高兴见到你！ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Dobrý den./Ahoj.</span></td> <td>Hello.</td> <td>你好。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Jak se máte?</span></td> <td>How are you?</td> <td>你好吗？ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Ano </span></td> <td>yes</td> <td>是 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Ne </span></td> <td>no</td> <td>不 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Vítáme Vás! </span></td> <td>Welcome!</td> <td>欢迎！ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Nashledanou!</span></td> <td>Bye!</td> <td>再见！ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Děkuji </span></td> <td>Thanks!</td> <td>谢谢！ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Kde je záchod, prosím? </span></td> <td>Where's the toilet?</td> <td>厕所在哪？ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="cs">Potřebuji pomoc.</span></td> <td>I need help.</td> <td>我需要帮助。 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="月份名稱"><span id=".E6.9C.88.E4.BB.BD.E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1"></span>月份名稱</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：月份名稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6"> <th style="width:100px;">捷克語名稱 </th> <th style="width:100px;">中文名稱 </th> <th style="width:500px;">緣由 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>leden</b> </td> <td>1月 </td> <td><i>led</i> = „冰" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>únor</b> </td> <td>2月 </td> <td><i>nořit</i> = „融化", 在此意指:冰融 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>březen</b> </td> <td>3月 </td> <td><i>bříza</i> = „樺木" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>duben</b> </td> <td>4月 </td> <td><i>dub</i> = „橡木" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>květen</b> </td> <td>5月 </td> <td><i>kvést</i> = „花開" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>červen</b> </td> <td>6月 </td> <td><i>červenání</i> = „花果紅熟" (?) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>červenec</b> </td> <td>7月 </td> <td><i>červen</i> = „6月", 在此意指: 小6月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>srpen</b> </td> <td>8月 </td> <td><i>srp</i> = „鐮刀" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>září</b> </td> <td>9月 </td> <td><i>zářít</i> = „閃耀" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>říjen</b> </td> <td>10月 </td> <td><i>říje</i> = „咆嘯" (鹿發情期). 也許与 <i>září</i>有关 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>listopad</b> </td> <td>11月 </td> <td><i>list</i> = „葉子" und <i>padat</i> = „落" </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>prosinec</b> </td> <td>12月 </td> <td>尚不確定。也許來自 "; 但也可能來自於: „<i>zaprosit</i>" = „給予", „<i>prosit</i>" = „乞討", „<i>oprost</i>" = „赦免" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cerna_2007_26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cerna_2007_26_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCernaMachalek2007">Cerna & Machalek 2007</a>，第26頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFCernaMachalek2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Markéta Kachlíková. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/de/rubrik/tagesecho/slowakisch-ist-fuer-junge-tschechen-eine-fremdsprache">Slowakisch ist für junge Tschechen eine Fremdsprache</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Prag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Prag（页面不存在）">Radio Prag</a>. 2013-02-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529235144/https://www.radio.cz/de/rubrik/tagesecho/slowakisch-ist-fuer-junge-tschechen-eine-fremdsprache">存档</a>于2020-05-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Mark%C3%A9ta+Kachl%C3%ADkov%C3%A1&rft.btitle=Slowakisch+ist+f%C3%BCr+junge+Tschechen+eine+Fremdsprache&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Radio+Prag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fde%2Frubrik%2Ftagesecho%2Fslowakisch-ist-fuer-junge-tschechen-eine-fremdsprache&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ein anderes Beispiel ist z. B. die Ansprache des Unternehmensmagnaten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Babi%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Babiš（页面不存在）">Andrej Babiš</a> in der Talkshow <i>Show Jana Krause</i> (22. September 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/SJKshow#p/c/B241E8AD69A2685A/3/Z135Q0G9K58">online</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210312184233/http://www.youtube.com/user/SJKshow#p/c/B241E8AD69A2685A/3/Z135Q0G9K58">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarlíkNekulaPleskalová2002">Karlík, Nekula & Pleskalová 2002</a>，第393頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLommatzschAdam2004">Lommatzsch & Adam 2004</a>，第85頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLommatzschAdam2004">Lommatzsch & Adam 2004</a>，第84頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaughton2005">Naughton 2005</a>，第22–24頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaughton2005">Naughton 2005</a>，第51頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaughton2005">Naughton 2005</a>，第141頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLommatzschAdam2004">Lommatzsch & Adam 2004</a>，第98-101頁</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文献"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHarkins1952" class="citation book">Harkins, William Edward. <span></span><i>A Modern Czech Grammar</i><span></span>. King's Crown Press (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>). 1952. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-231-09937-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-231-09937-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-231-09937-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=William+Edward&rft.aulast=Harkins&rft.btitle=A+Modern+Czech+Grammar&rft.date=1952&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-231-09937-0&rft.pub=King%27s+Crown+Press+%28Columbia+University%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKarlíkNekulaPleskalová2002" class="citation book">Karlík, Petr; Nekula, Marek; Pleskalová, Jana. <span></span><i>Encyklopedický slovník češtiny</i><span></span>. Nakladatelství lidové noviny. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/80-7106-484-X" title="Special:网络书源/80-7106-484-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 80-7106-484-X</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到捷克语网页">（捷克语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Nekula%2C+Marek&rft.au=Pleskalov%C3%A1%2C+Jana&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft.aulast=Karl%C3%ADk&rft.btitle=Encyklopedick%C3%BD+slovn%C3%ADk+%C4%8De%C5%A1tiny&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=80-7106-484-X&rft.pub=Nakladatelstv%C3%AD+lidov%C3%A9+noviny&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNaughton2005" class="citation book">Naughton, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/czechessentialgr0000naug"><span></span><i>Czech: An Essential Grammar</i><span></span></a>. Routledge Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-28785-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-28785-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-28785-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Naughton&rft.btitle=Czech%3A+An+Essential+Grammar&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28785-2&rft.pub=Routledge+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fczechessentialgr0000naug&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLommatzschAdam2004" class="citation book">Lommatzsch, Bohdana; Adam, Hana. <span></span><i>Kurze tschechische Sprachlehre</i><span></span>. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-06-551103-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-06-551103-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-06-551103-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Adam%2C+Hana&rft.aufirst=Bohdana&rft.aulast=Lommatzsch&rft.btitle=Kurze+tschechische+Sprachlehre&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-06-551103-2&rft.pub=Berlin%3A+Cornelsen+Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参閲"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.96.B2"></span>参閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：参閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="捷克語字母">捷克語字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="捷克语正字法">捷克语正字法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫語族">斯拉夫語族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克語音系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech phonology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克語音系（页面不存在）">捷克語音系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_phonology" class="extiw" title="en:Czech phonology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech phonology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>(Czech phonology)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克語語序" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech word order"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克語語序（页面不存在）">捷克語語序</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_word_order" class="extiw" title="en:Czech word order"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech word order</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>(Czech word order)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克語文法（页面不存在）">捷克語文法</a>(Czech grammar)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克斯洛伐克語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech–Slovak languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克斯洛伐克語言（页面不存在）">捷克斯洛伐克語言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%E2%80%93Slovak_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Czech–Slovak languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech–Slovak languages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>(Czech–Slovak languages)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克語盲文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czech Braille"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克語盲文（页面不存在）">捷克語盲文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Braille" class="extiw" title="en:Czech Braille"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czech Braille</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>(Czech Braille)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫語法體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫語法體（页面不存在）">斯拉夫語法體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect_in_Slavic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>(Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cs:">捷克语維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">關於一系列與捷克语有關的詞語，參見<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維基詞典">維基詞典</a>上<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:捷克语"><b>捷克语</b>的詞語目錄</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czech language"><span style="font-weight:bold;">捷克语</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujc.cas.cz/">Ústav pro jazyk český</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120414191220/http://www.ujc.cas.cz/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克语言研究院（页面不存在）">捷克语言研究院</a>, 捷克语的规范机构 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="捷克語">（捷克文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.wordreference.com/forumdisplay.php?f=44">WordReference - a moderated forum of Slavic languages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150410194244/http://forum.wordreference.com/forumdisplay.php?f=44">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czech-language.cz">Overview of the Czech language</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210201132046/http://www.czech-language.cz/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordbook.cz">Online dictionary</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201003193448/http://www.wordbook.cz/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slovnik.cz">Multilingual Dictionary</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210312184156/http://www.slovnik.cz/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locallingo.com">Another useful portal</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201109005226/http://www.locallingo.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） with clear audios</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/Czech.html">Czech for Linguists</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040405202024/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/Czech.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050829225042/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Czech-english/">Czech - English Dictionary</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="斯拉夫语族" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Template:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Template talk:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:斯拉夫语族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="斯拉夫语族" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84-%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="原始波羅的-斯拉夫語">原始波羅的-斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="先原始斯拉夫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-Slavic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先原始斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">先原始斯拉夫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Slavic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-Slavic language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="原始斯拉夫語">原始斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Slavic languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族历史（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Slavic languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Slavic languages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="基里尔和美多德">西里尔与美多德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="西斯拉夫语支">西斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">捷克语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迦南語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knaanic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦南語（页面不存在）">迦南語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaanic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Knaanic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knaanic language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E8%AA%9E" title="波拉布語">波拉布語</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉赫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lach dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉赫方言（页面不存在）">拉赫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lach_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Lach dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lach dialects</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小波蘭方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lesser Polish dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小波蘭方言（页面不存在）">小波蘭方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Polish_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser Polish dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lesser Polish dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬祖里亞方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Masurian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬祖里亞方言（页面不存在）">馬祖里亞方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Masurian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Masurian dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬佐夫舍方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Masovian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%AB%E8%88%8D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬佐夫舍方言（页面不存在）">馬佐夫舍方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Masovian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Masovian dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩拉維亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moravian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩拉維亞語（页面不存在）">摩拉維亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Moravian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moravian dialects</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波美拉尼亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pomeranian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波美拉尼亞語（页面不存在）">波美拉尼亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeranian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pomeranian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pomeranian language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%88%92%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="卡舒比语">卡舒比语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯洛温语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovincian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛温语（页面不存在）">斯洛温语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovincian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Slovincian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovincian language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="西里西亞語">西里西亞語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="切申西里西亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cieszyn Silesian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E7%94%B3%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切申西里西亚方言（页面不存在）">切申西里西亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cieszyn Silesian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cieszyn Silesian dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛伐克语">斯洛伐克语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東斯洛伐克語方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Slovak dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東斯洛伐克語方言（页面不存在）">東斯洛伐克語方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Slovak dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Slovak dialects</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E8%AB%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語">潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="下索布语">下索布语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东斯拉夫语支">东斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="白俄罗斯语">白俄罗斯语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戈利沙内方言" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Гальшанский язык"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%99%E5%86%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈利沙内方言（页面不存在）">戈利沙内方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Гальшанский язык"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Гальшанский язык</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Iazychie" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iazychie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iazychie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iazychie（页面不存在）">Iazychie</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iazychie" class="extiw" title="en:Iazychie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iazychie</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古東斯拉夫語">古東斯拉夫語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古諾夫哥羅德方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Novgorod dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古諾夫哥羅德方言（页面不存在）">古諾夫哥羅德方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Novgorod_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Old Novgorod dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Novgorod dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅塞尼亞語">羅塞尼亞語</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森尼亚语">卢森尼亚语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森尼亚语">喀爾巴阡盧森尼亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="兰科卢森尼亚语">蘭科盧森尼亞語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="加拿大乌克兰语">加拿大烏克蘭語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴拉契卡方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balachka"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%91%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拉契卡方言（页面不存在）">巴拉契卡方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balachka" class="extiw" title="en:Balachka"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balachka</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="南斯拉夫语支">南斯拉夫语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="保加利亚语">保加利亚语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E)" title="巴納特方言 (保加利亞語)">巴纳特保加利亚语方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="马其顿语">马其顿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A-%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语">塞尔维亚-克罗地亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯尼亚语">波斯尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="克罗地亚语">克罗地亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="蒙特內哥羅語">黑山语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚语">塞尔维亚语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛文尼亚语">斯洛文尼亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%A9%86%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="普雷克穆列斯洛維尼亞語">普雷克穆列斯洛文尼亞語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷夏方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Resian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷夏方言（页面不存在）">雷夏方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Resian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Resian dialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="人工語言">人工語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="教會斯拉夫語">教會斯拉夫語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泛斯拉夫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pan-Slavic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泛斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">泛斯拉夫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pan-Slavic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pan-Slavic language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="斯拉夫共通語">斯拉夫共通語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%AB%BE%E7%B6%AD%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="斯諾維歐語">斯諾維歐語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">孤立方言及<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫微語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic microlanguages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%BE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫微語支（页面不存在）">斯拉夫微語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_microlanguages" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic microlanguages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic microlanguages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="布根蘭克羅埃西亞語">布爾根蘭克罗地亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="查方言">查方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷克斯洛伐克語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Czechoslovak language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷克斯洛伐克語（页面不存在）">捷克斯洛伐克語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_language" class="extiw" title="en:Czechoslovak language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Czechoslovak language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="卡伊方言">卡伊方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="斯拉夫莫利塞语">斯拉夫莫利塞语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波德哈莱方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Podhale subdialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%88%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波德哈莱方言（页面不存在）">波德哈莱方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podhale_subdialect" class="extiw" title="en:Podhale subdialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Podhale subdialect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="什托方言">什托方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希腊斯拉夫语言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia#Education and language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希腊斯拉夫语言（页面不存在）">希腊斯拉夫语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia#Education_and_language" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia#Education and language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="烏俄語">烏俄語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="托爾拉庫方言">托爾拉庫方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="俄白語">俄白語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西波利西亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="West Polesian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西波利西亞語（页面不存在）">西波利西亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Polesian" class="extiw" title="en:West Polesian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">West Polesian</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波德拉赫語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Podlachian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波德拉赫語（页面不存在）">波德拉赫語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podlachian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Podlachian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Podlachian language</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史語言學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic first palatalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族第一次颚音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic first palatalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic first palatalization</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic second palatalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族第二次颚音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_second_palatalization" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic second palatalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic second palatalization</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E9%9F%B3%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%BD%AE%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换（页面不存在）">斯拉夫语族流音分解和置换</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德博定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dybo's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德博定律（页面不存在）">德博定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dybo%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Dybo's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dybo's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈夫利克定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havlík's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈夫利克定律（页面不存在）">哈夫利克定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Havlík's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havlík's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫特定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hirt's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫特定律（页面不存在）">赫特定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirt%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Hirt's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hirt's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊利奇-斯維提奇定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illič-Svityč's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87-%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E6%8F%90%E5%A5%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊利奇-斯維提奇定律（页面不存在）">伊利奇-斯維提奇定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illi%C4%8D-Svity%C4%8D%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Illič-Svityč's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illič-Svityč's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊夫施奇定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivšić's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%BD%E5%A5%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊夫施奇定律（页面不存在）">伊夫施奇定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C5%A1i%C4%87%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ivšić's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivšić's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅耶定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meillet's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅耶定律（页面不存在）">梅耶定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meillet%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Meillet's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meillet's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佩德森定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pedersen's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩德森定律（页面不存在）">佩德森定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedersen%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Pedersen's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pedersen's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ruki定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ruki sound law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruki%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruki定律（页面不存在）">Ruki定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ruki sound law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ruki sound law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="温特定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Winter's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="温特定律（页面不存在）">温特定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Winter's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Winter's law</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>斜體</i>表示<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="歐洲聯盟的官方語言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div 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