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<span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chabad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chabad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chabad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chabad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shia_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shia Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadiyya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadiyya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ahmadiyya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadiyya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druze_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druze_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Druze faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druze_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>In films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Video Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messiah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%88%B5" title="ክርስቶስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክርስቶስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="مشيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9A%DC%90" title="ܡܫܝܚܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܝܚܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADes" title="Mesíes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mesíes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99sih" title="Məsih – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məsih" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9" title="মশীহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মশীহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Месія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Месія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Месия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Месия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiaz" title="Mesiaz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mesiaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messies" title="Messies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Messies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Mesiáš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mesiáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muishe" title="Muishe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muishe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meseia" title="Meseia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meseia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μεσσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεσσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas" title="Mesías – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mesías" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesio" title="Mesio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mesio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mesias" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="مسیحا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messie" title="Messie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Messie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meisias" title="Meisias – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meisias" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas" title="Mesías – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mesías" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="메시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մեսիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="मसीहा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मसीहा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="মেসসইয়াস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেসসইয়াস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesias" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messia" title="Messia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Messia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess%C3%ADas" title="Messías – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Messías" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messia" title="Messia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Messia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97_(%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="משיח (דתות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משיח (דתות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9sias" title="Mésias – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mésias" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masiya" title="Masiya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Masiya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi" title="Mesi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mesi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2" title="ເມຊີອາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເມຊີອາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesijas" title="Mesijas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mesijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messi%C3%A1s" title="Messiás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Messiás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Месија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9" title="മിശിഹ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിശിഹ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messija" title="Messija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Messija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المسيح فى الاديان الابراهيميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المسيح فى الاديان الابراهيميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مسیح – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مسیح" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Masih" title="Al-Masih – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Al-Masih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="メシア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiya" title="Messiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Messiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਸੀਹਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸੀਹਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomazaniec" title="Pomazaniec – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomazaniec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мессия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мессия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi%C3%A1%C5%A1_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo)" title="Mesiáš (náboženstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mesiáš (náboženstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Месија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Месија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesija" title="Mesija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mesija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messias" title="Messias – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Messias" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mesiyas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மெசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="เมสสิยาห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมสสิยาห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesih" title="Mesih – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mesih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CC%B1siya" title="Ma̱siya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ma̱siya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Месія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Месія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مسیح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mesia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Messiah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%ADyas" title="Mesíyas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mesíyas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almasi_bi" title="Almasi bi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Almasi bi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A" title="弥赛亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弥赛亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97_(%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="משיח (אלגעמיין) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="משיח (אלגעמיין)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="默西亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="默西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesih" title="Mesih – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mesih" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彌賽亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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Prophecy</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Saviour or liberator of a group of people</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)" title="Messiah (Handel)"><i>Messiah</i> (Handel)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messiah_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Messiah (disambiguation)">Messiah (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Messias" redirects here. For the football players, see <a href="/wiki/Messias_(footballer)" title="Messias (footballer)">Messias (footballer)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junior_Messias" title="Junior Messias">Junior Messias</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_e_david.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/249px-Samuel_e_david.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/374px-Samuel_e_david.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/499px-Samuel_e_david.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samuel_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel (Bible)">Samuel</a> anoints David, <a href="/wiki/Dura_Europos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dura Europos">Dura Europos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Date: 3rd century CE.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>, a <b>messiah</b> or <b>messias</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מָשִׁיחַ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">māšīaḥ</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">μεσσίας</span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">messías</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسيح</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">masīḥ</i></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">anointed one</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">saviour</a> or liberator of a group of people. The concepts of <i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">mashiach</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Messianism#Judaism" title="Messianism">messianism</a>, and of a <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age#Judaism" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a> originated in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JVL_messiah_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL_messiah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, in which a <i>mashiach</i> is a king or <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a> traditionally <a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointed</a> with <a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">holy anointing oil</a>. </p><p>In Judaism, <i>Ha-mashiach</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">המשיח</span></span>, 'the Messiah'),<sup id="cite_ref-JVL_The_Messiah_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL_The_Messiah-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often referred to as <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">melekh ha-mashiach</i></span></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מלך המשיח</span></span>, 'King Messiah'),<sup id="cite_ref-JVL_Flusser_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL_Flusser-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a fully human non-deity Jewish leader, physically descended via a human genetic father of an unbroken paternal <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a> through <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">King David</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">King Solomon</a>. He will accomplish predetermined things in a future arrival, including the unification of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">tribes of Israel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the gathering of all Jews to <i><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Eretz Israel</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem</a>, the ushering in of a Messianic Age of global universal peace,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the annunciation of the <a href="/wiki/World_to_Come#Jewish_eschatology" class="mw-redirect" title="World to Come">world to come</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JVL_messiah_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL_messiah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek translation of Messiah is <i>Khristós</i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Χριστός</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-EOC_1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOC_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anglicized as <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></i>. It occurs 41 times in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> and 529 times in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> commonly refer to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth">Jesus of Nazareth</a> as either the "Christ" or the "Messiah", believing that some messianic prophecies were fulfilled in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">death</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a> of Jesus and that he will return in a <a href="/wiki/Second_coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming">second coming</a> to fulfill the rest of messianic prophecies. Moreover, unlike the Judaic concept of the Messiah, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus Christ</a> is considered the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a>, although in the Jewish faith the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Israel">King of Israel</a> was also metaphorically called the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عيسى</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Isa</i></span>) is held to have been a <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">prophet</a> and the Messiah sent to the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, who will return to Earth at the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">end of times</a> along with the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></i>, and defeat <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">al-Masih ad-Dajjal</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">false Messiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MC_1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> theology, these prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus are believed to have been fulfilled in <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> (1835–1908),<sup id="cite_ref-askislamorg_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askislamorg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya Movement</a>, wherein the terms <i>Messiah</i> and <i>Mahdi</i> are synonyms for one and the same person.<sup id="cite_ref-rororg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rororg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In controversial <a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad messianism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-meshichists_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meshichists-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yitzchak_Schneersohn" title="Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn">Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn</a> (r. 1920–1950), sixth <i><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></i> (spiritual leader) of <a href="/wiki/Chabad_Lubavitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabad Lubavitch">Chabad Lubavitch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a> (1902–1994), seventh <i>Rebbe</i> of Chabad, are <a href="/wiki/Messiah_claimants" class="mw-redirect" title="Messiah claimants">Messiah claimants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SHandelman_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHandelman-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASteinsaltz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DHorn_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHorn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALichtenstein-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messiah (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מָשִׁיחַ</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">māšīaḥ</i></span> or <i>mashiach</i>; <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Aramaic language">Imperial Aramaic</a>: <span lang="arc" dir="rtl">משיחא</span>; <a href="/wiki/Classical_Syriac_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Syriac language">Classical Syriac</a>: <span lang="syc" dir="rtl">ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ</span>, <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">Məšîḥā</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Messias</i>) literally means '<a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointed one</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Hebrew, the Messiah is often referred to as <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">melekh mashiach</i></span></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מלך המשיח</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization"><small>Tiberian</small></a>: <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Meleḵ ha-Mašīaḥ</i></span></i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ˈmeleχ<span class="wrap"> </span>hamaˈʃiaħ]</a></span>), literally meaning 'the Anointed King'. The Greek <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> renders all 39 instances of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew (language)">Hebrew</a> <i>mašíaḥ</i> as <i>Khristós</i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Χριστός</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-EOC_1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOC_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> records the Greek transliteration <i>Messias</i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Μεσσίας</span></span>) twice in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Masīḥ</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المسيح</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[maˈsiːħ]</a></span>, lit. 'the anointed', 'the traveller', or 'one who cures by caressing') is the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word for messiah used by both <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. In modern Arabic, it is used as one of the many titles of Jesus, referred to as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yasūʿ al-Masih</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يسوع المسيح</span></span>) by Arab Christians and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Īsā al-Masīḥ</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عيسى المسيح</span></span>) by Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Badawi_2008_881_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badawi_2008_881-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah in Judaism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism%27s_view_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's view of Jesus">Judaism's view of Jesus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Messiah_claimants" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Messiah claimants">Jewish Messiah claimants</a></div> <p>The literal translation of the Hebrew word <i>mashiach</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מָשִׁיחַ</span></span>, messiah), is 'anointed', which refers to a ritual of <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrating</a> someone or something by putting holy oil upon it. It is used throughout the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> in reference to a wide variety of individuals and objects; for example, kings, priests and prophets, the altar in the Temple, vessels, unleavened bread, and even a non-Jewish king (<a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a>, the term came to refer to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who will be "anointed" with holy anointing oil, to be king of <a href="/wiki/God%27s_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="God's kingdom">God's kingdom</a>, and rule the Jewish people during the <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a>. In Judaism, the Messiah is not considered to be God or a pre-existent divine <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>. He is considered to be a great political leader that has descended from King David, hence why he is referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_ben_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Messiah ben David">Messiah ben David</a></i>, 'Messiah, son of David'. In Judaism, the messiah is considered to be a great, charismatic leader that is well oriented with the laws that are followed in Judaism. </p><p> Though originally a fringe idea, somewhat controversially, belief in the eventual coming of a future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>' <a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith#Maimonides'_13_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">13 Principles of Faith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maimonides describes the identity of the Messiah in the following terms:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And if a king shall arise from among the House of David, studying Torah and occupied with commandments like his father David, according to the written and oral Torah, and he will impel all of Israel to follow it and to strengthen breaches in its observance, and will fight God's wars, this one is to be treated as if he were the anointed one. If he succeeded and built the Holy Temple in its proper place and gathered the dispersed ones of Israel together, this is indeed the anointed one for certain, and he will mend the entire world to worship the Lord together, as it is stated: "For then I shall turn for the nations a clear tongue, so that they will all proclaim the Name of the Lord, and to worship Him with a united resolve (Zephaniah 3:9)."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Even though the eventual coming of the messiah is a strongly upheld belief in Judaism, trying to predict the actual time when the messiah will come is an act that is frowned upon. These kinds of actions are thought to weaken the faith the people have in the religion. So in Judaism, there is no specific time when the messiah comes. Rather, it is the acts of the people that determines when the messiah comes. It is said that the messiah would come either when the world needs his coming the most (when the world is so sinful and in desperate need of saving by the messiah) or deserves it the most (when genuine goodness prevails in the world). </p><p>A common modern <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic</a> interpretation is that there is a <i>potential</i> messiah in every generation. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, which often uses stories to make a moral point (<i>aggadah</i>), tells of a highly respected <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> who found the Messiah at the gates of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and asked him, "When will you finally come?" He was quite surprised when he was told, "Today." Overjoyed and full of anticipation, the man waited all day. The next day he returned, disappointed and puzzled, and asked, "You said messiah would come 'today' but he didn't come! What happened?" The Messiah replied, "Scripture says, 'Today, if you will but hearken to his voice.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalistic</a> tradition within Judaism is that the commonly discussed messiah who will usher in a period of freedom and peace, Messiah ben David, will be preceded by <a href="/wiki/Messiah_ben_Joseph" title="Messiah ben Joseph">Messiah ben Joseph</a>, who will gather the children of Israel around him, leading them to Jerusalem. After overcoming the hostile powers in Jerusalem, Messiah ben Joseph, will reestablish the Temple-worship and set up his own dominion. Then <a href="/wiki/Armilus" title="Armilus">Armilus</a>, according to one group of sources, or <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>, according to the other, will appear with their hosts before Jerusalem, wage war against Messiah ben Joseph, and slay him. His corpse, according to one group, will lie unburied in the streets of Jerusalem; according to the other, it will be hidden by the angels with the bodies of the Patriarchs, until Messiah ben David comes and brings him back to life.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chabad">Chabad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chabad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad messianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chabad-Lubavitch_related_controversies" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabad-Lubavitch related controversies">Chabad-Lubavitch related controversies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_messiah_claimants" title="List of Jewish messiah claimants">List of Jewish messiah claimants</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yitzchak_Schneersohn" title="Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn">Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn</a> (r. 1920–1950), sixth <i><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></i> (hereditary chassidic leader) of Chabad Lubavitch,<sup id="cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-HabadMinuth-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a> (1902–1994), seventh <i>Rebbe</i> of Chabad,<sup id="cite_ref-SHandelman_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHandelman-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASteinsaltz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DHorn_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHorn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALichtenstein-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/List_of_messiah_claimants" title="List of messiah claimants">messiah claimants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vosiz_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vosiz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBMag_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBMag-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAFeldman_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAFeldman-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-HabadMinuth-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WH-MB-JCP_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH-MB-JCP-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As per <a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad-Lubavitch messianism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-meshichists_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meshichists-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menachem Mendel Schneerson openly declared his deceased father-in-law, the former 6th <i>Rebbe</i> of Chabad Lubavitch, to be the Messiah.<sup id="cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-HabadMinuth-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published about <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yitzchak_Schneersohn" title="Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn">Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn</a> to be <i>"<a href="/wiki/Atzmus" title="Atzmus">Atzmus</a> u'mehus alein vi er hat zich areingeshtalt in a <a href="/wiki/Guf" title="Guf">guf</a>"</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> for: "Essence and Existence [of God] which has placed itself in a body").<sup id="cite_ref-LikuteiSichosV2-p510_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LikuteiSichosV2-p510-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Identifying_Chabad-p13_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Identifying_Chabad-p13-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HaRavSinger-RebbeFailedMessiah_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaRavSinger-RebbeFailedMessiah-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gravesite of his deceased father-in-law Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, known as "the <i><a href="/wiki/Ohel_(Chabad-Lubavitch)" title="Ohel (Chabad-Lubavitch)">Ohel</a></i>", became a central point of focus for Menachem Mendel Schneerson's prayers and supplications. </p><p>Regarding the deceased Menachem Mendel Schneerson, a later Chabad Halachic ruling claims that it was "incumbent on every single Jew to heed the Rebbe's words and believe that he is indeed <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism#Historical" title="Messiah in Judaism">King Moshiach</a>, who will be <a href="/wiki/Second_coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming">revealed imminently</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-DVED-250_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVED-250-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Psak_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Psak-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Chabad messianism, in Judaism, there is no basis to these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-HabadMinuth-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If anything, this resembles the faith in the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a> and his second coming in <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a>, and therefore, heretical in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChFr_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChFr-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Still today, the deceased rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson is believed to be the Messiah among adherents of the Chabad movement,<sup id="cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASteinsaltz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DHorn_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHorn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALichtenstein-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBMag_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBMag-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his second coming is believed to be imminent.<sup id="cite_ref-DVED-250_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVED-250-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is venerated and invocated to by thousands of visitors and letters each year at the (<i>Ohel</i>), especially in a pilgrimage each year on the anniversary of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-queens_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queens-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYO_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYO-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ (title)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus in Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Redeemer (Christianity)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_messianic_prophecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian messianic prophecies">Christian messianic prophecies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg/220px-The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg/330px-The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg/440px-The_Last_Judgement._Jean_Cousin..jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption><i>The <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cousin_the_Younger" title="Jean Cousin the Younger">Jean Cousin the Younger</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> late 16th century</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Originating from the concept in Judaism, the messiah in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is called the Christ—from Greek <i>khristós</i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">χριστός</span></span>), translating the Hebrew word of the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-EOC_1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOC_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Christ' became the accepted Christian designation and title of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth">Jesus of Nazareth</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> believe that the <a href="/wiki/Christian_messianic_prophecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian messianic prophecies">messianic prophecies</a> in the Old Testament—that he is descended from the Davidic line, and was declared <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a>—were fulfilled in his <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">death</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, while the rest of the prophecies—that he will usher in a Messianic Age and the <a href="/wiki/World_to_Come#Christian_eschatology" class="mw-redirect" title="World to Come">world to come</a>—will be fulfilled at his <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>. Some Christian denominations, such as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, instead believe in <a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">amillenialist</a> theology, but the Catholic Church has not adopted this term.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of historical and mainline Christian theologies consider Jesus to be the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a> and <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a>, a concept of the messiah fundamentally different from the Jewish and Islamic concepts. In each of the four <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament Gospels">New Testament Gospels</a>, the only literal <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">anointing of Jesus</a> is conducted by a woman. In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospels of Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>, this anointing occurs in <a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a>, outside Jerusalem. In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, the anointing scene takes place at an indeterminate location, but the context suggests it to be in Galilee, or even a separate anointing altogether. </p><p>Aside from Jesus, the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> refers to <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, as a messiah for his decree to <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">rebuild the Jerusalem Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eschatology" title="Category:Eschatology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li>— <i>Biblical texts</i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li>— <i>Major figures</i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li>— <i>Different views</i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li>— <i><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li>— <i>Other events</i> —</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events of Revelation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a>)</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven Seals</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;">— <i>Figures</i> — <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81%CA%BEim_%C4%80l_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#In_Islamic_tradition" title="Gog and Magog">Yajuj and Majuj</a></li></ul> </div> <p>— <i>Events</i> — </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasf_al-Bayda" title="Khasf al-Bayda">Swallowing in Bayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_appearance_of_Mahdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Signs of the appearance of Mahdi">Coming of the Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ#Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Return of Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li>— <i>Biblical texts</i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Book of Zechariah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></li></ul></div></li> <li>— <i>Other sources</i> —</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Medieval Jewish scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <p>— <i>Figures</i> — </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_the_Prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah the Prophet">Elijah the Prophet</a>, Messiah (<a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Mashiach Ben David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messiah_ben_Joseph" title="Messiah ben Joseph">Mashiach Ben Yosef</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armilus" title="Armilus">Armilus</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <p>— <i>Events and terms</i> — </p> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atchalta_De%27Geulah" title="Atchalta De'Geulah">Atchalta De'Geulah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Kibbutz Galuyot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_of_Gog_and_Magog" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection#Judaism" title="Resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_to_come#Jewish_eschatology" title="World to come">Olam Haba</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;">— <i>Figures and items</i> — <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bound_monster" title="Bound monster">Bound monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarhorn" title="Gjallarhorn">Gjallarhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADf%C3%BErasir" title="Líf and Lífþrasir">Líf and Lífþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naglfar" title="Naglfar">Naglfar</a></li></ul> </div> <p>— <i>Events</i> — </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulwinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hong_(Taoist_eschatology)" title="Li Hong (Taoist eschatology)">Li Hong</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Incantations_Scripture" title="Divine Incantations Scripture">Divine Incantations Scripture</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:none;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Inter-religious</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:3px solid #cee0f2;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" title="Fate of the unlearned">Fate of the unlearned</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Messiah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Age</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Universal resurrection</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eschatology" title="Template:Eschatology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eschatology" title="Template talk:Eschatology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eschatology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eschatology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih (title)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:End_times.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/End_times.svg/263px-End_times.svg.png" decoding="async" width="263" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/End_times.svg/395px-End_times.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/End_times.svg/526px-End_times.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Timeline of Jesus in Islamic eschatology</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic faith</a> uses the Arabic term <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Masīḥ</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المسيح</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[maˈsiːħ]</a></span>) to refer to Jesus. However the meaning is different from that found in <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Messiah in Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Judaism</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>Though Islam shares many of the beliefs and characteristics of the two Semitic/Abrahamic/monotheistic religions which preceded it, the idea of messianism, which is of central importance in Judaism and Christianity, is alien to Islam as represented by the Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Unlike the Christian view of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Jesus">Death of Jesus</a>, Muslims believe Jesus was raised to Heaven without being put on the cross and God created a resemblance to appear exactly like Jesus who was crucified instead of Jesus, and he ascended bodily to Heaven, there to remain until his <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">End days</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds_2009-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> states that <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus</a> (<i>Isa</i>), the son of <a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<i>Isa ibn Maryam</i>), is the messiah (<i>al-masih</i>) and prophet sent to the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Qadi al-Nu'man</a>, a famous <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> jurist of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid period</a>, the Quran identifies Jesus as the messiah because he was sent to the people who responded to him in order to remove (<i>masaha</i>) their impurities, the ailments of their faith, whether apparent (<a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">zāhir</i></span></a>) or hidden (<a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">bātin</i></span></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Jesus is one of the most important prophets in the Islamic tradition, along with <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Noah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thesis_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Christians, Muslims see Jesus as a prophet, but not as God himself or the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">son of God</a>. This is because prophecy in human form does not represent the true powers of God, contrary to the popular depiction of Jesus in Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, like all other <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a>, Jesus is one of the grand prophets who receives revelations from God.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to religious scholar <a href="/wiki/Mona_Siddiqui" title="Mona Siddiqui">Mona Siddiqui</a>, in Islam, "[p]rophecy allows God to remain veiled and there is no suggestion in the Qur'an that God wishes to reveal of himself just yet. Prophets guarantee interpretation of revelation and that God's message will be understood."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Maryam_(surah)" title="Maryam (surah)">Sura 19</a>, the Quran describes the birth of Isa,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sura_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 4">Sura 4</a> explicitly states Isa as the Son of Maryam.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslims</a> believe Isa is alive in <a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaven in Islam">Heaven</a> and did not die in the crucifixion. Sura 4, verses 157–158, also states that:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But they neither killed nor crucified him—it was only made to appear so.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to religious scholar <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_M._Ayoub" title="Mahmoud M. Ayoub">Mahmoud Ayoub</a>, "Jesus' close proximity or nearness (qurb) to God is affirmed in the Qur'anic insistence that Jesus did not die, but was taken up to God and remains with God."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Quran does not state that he will come back,<sup id="cite_ref-thesis_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islamic tradition nevertheless believes that Jesus, preceded closely by <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a>, will return at the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">end of times</a>, and exercise his power of healing. <sup id="cite_ref-MC_1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He will forever destroy the falsehood embodied in <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">al-Masih ad-Dajjal</a></i> (the false Messiah), the great falsifier, a figure similar to the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a> in Christianity, who will emerge shortly before <i><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Yawm al-Qiyāmah</a></i> ('the Day of Resurrection').<sup id="cite_ref-MC_1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After he has destroyed ad-Dajjal, his final task will be to become leader of the Muslims. Isa will unify the Muslim <i><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></i> (the followers of Islam) under the common purpose of worshipping God alone in pure Islam, thereby ending divisions and deviations by adherents. Mainstream Muslims believe that at that time, Isa will dispel Christian and Jewish claims about him. </p><p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dawood">Abu Dawud</a> says: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Prophet said: There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Isa. He will descend (to the earth). When you see him, recognise him: a man of medium height, reddish fair, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops were falling down from his head though it will not be wet. He will fight the people for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill swine, and abolish <a href="/wiki/Jizyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizyah">jizyah</a>. Allah will perish all religions except Islam. He will destroy the Antichrist and will live on the earth for forty years and then he will die. The Muslims will pray over him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Hadith<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p> Both Sunni<sup id="cite_ref-thesis_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslims</a> agree<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that al-Mahdi will arrive first, and after him, Isa. Isa will proclaim al-Mahdi as the Islamic community leader. A war will be fought—the Dajjal against al-Mahdi and Isa. This war will mark the approach of the coming of the Last Day. After Isa slays al-Dajjāl at the Gate of <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lud</a>, he will bear witness and reveal that Islam is indeed the true and last word from God to humanity as <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Yusuf Ali</a>'s translation reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> A <i>hadith</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Allah's Apostle said, "How will you be when the son of Mariam descends among you and your Imam is from among you?"</p></blockquote><p> The Quran denies the crucifixion of Jesus,<sup id="cite_ref-thesis_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claiming that he was neither killed nor crucified.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran also emphasizes the difference between God and the Messiah:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Those who say that Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary, are unbelievers. The Messiah said: "O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord... unbelievers too are those who have said that Allah is the third of three... the Messiah, son of Mary, was only a Messenger before whom other Messengers had gone.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shia_Islam">Shia Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shia Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia (or Shi'i) Islam</a>, which significantly values and revolves around <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Imams">the Twelve Imams</a> (spiritual leaders), differs significantly from the beliefs of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. Unlike Sunni Islam, "Messianism is an essential part of religious belief and practice for almost all Shi'a Muslims."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shi'i Islam believes that the last Imam will return again, with the return of Jesus. According to religious scholar <a href="/wiki/Mona_Siddiqui" title="Mona Siddiqui">Mona Siddiqui</a>, "Shi'is are acutely aware of the existence everywhere of the twelfth Imam, who disappeared in 874."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shi'i <a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">piety</a> teaches that the hidden Imam will return with Jesus Christ to set up the messianic kingdom before the final Judgement Day, when all humanity will stand before God. There is some controversy as to the identity of this imam. There are sources that underscore how the Shia sect agrees with the Jews and Christians that <a href="/wiki/Imam_Mehdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Mehdi">Imam Mehdi</a> (<i>al-Mahdi</i>) is another name for Elijah, whose return prior to the arrival of the Messiah was prophesied in the Old Testament.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Imams and Fatima will have a direct impact on the judgements rendered that day, representing the ultimate <a href="/wiki/Intercession_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercession in Islam">intercession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is debate on whether Shi'i Muslims should accept the death of Jesus. Religious scholar <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_M._Ayoub" title="Mahmoud M. Ayoub">Mahmoud Ayoub</a> argues "Modern Shi'i thinkers have allowed the possibility that Jesus died and only his spirit was taken up to heaven."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, Siddiqui argues that Shi'i thinkers believe Jesus was "neither crucified nor slain."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also argues that Shi'i Muslims believe that the twelfth imam did not die, but "was taken to God to return in God's time," and "will return at the end of history to establish the kingdom of God on earth as the expected Mahdi."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ahmadiyya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_(c._1897).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/220px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/330px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/440px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="2127" /></a><figcaption>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, considered by <a href="/wiki/Ahmadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadis">Ahmadis</a> to be the Promised Messiah of the latter days.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the theology of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, the terms <i>Messiah</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></i> are synonymous terms for one and the same person.<sup id="cite_ref-rororg_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rororg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Mahdi</i> means 'guided [by God]', thus implying a direct ordainment by God of a divinely chosen individual.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ahmadi thought, Messiahship is a phenomenon through which a special emphasis is given on the transformation of a people by way of offering to suffer for the sake of God instead of giving suffering (i.e. refraining from revenge).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ahmadis believe that this special emphasis was given through the person of Jesus and <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> (1835–1908)<sup id="cite_ref-askislamorg_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askislamorg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others. </p><p>Ahmadis hold that the prophesied eschatological figures of Christianity and Islam, the Messiah and Mahdi, were, in fact, to be fulfilled in one person who was to represent all previous prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> are presented by the Ahmadis in support of their view, such as one from <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ibn_Majah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Ibn Majah">Sunan Ibn Majah</a>, which says, "There is No Mahdi other than Jesus son of Mary."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmadis believe that the prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Unlike mainstream Muslims, the Ahmadis do not believe that Jesus is alive in heaven, but that he survived the crucifixion and migrated towards the east where he died a natural death and that Ghulam Ahmad was only the promised spiritual second coming and likeness of Jesus, the promised Messiah and Mahdi.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also claimed to have appeared in the likeness of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> and that his advent fulfilled certain prophecies found in Hindu scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated that the founder of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> was a Muslim saint, who was a reflection of the religious challenges he perceived to be occurring.<sup id="cite_ref-honor_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honor-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghulam Ahmad wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya" title="Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya">Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya</a></i>, in 1880, which incorporated Indian, Sufi, Islamic and Western aspects in order to give life to Islam in the face of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, Protestant Christianity, and rising Hinduism. He later declared himself the Promised Messiah and the Mahdi following Divine revelations in 1891. Ghulam Ahmad argued that Jesus had appeared 1300 years after the formation of the Muslim community and stressed the need for a current Messiah, in turn claiming that he himself embodied both the Mahdi and the Messiah. Ghulam Ahmad was supported by Muslims who especially felt oppressed by Christian and Hindu missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-honor_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honor-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Druze_faith">Druze faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Druze faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maqam_Al-masih.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Maqam_Al-masih.jpg/220px-Maqam_Al-masih.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Maqam_Al-masih.jpg/330px-Maqam_Al-masih.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Maqam_Al-masih.jpg/440px-Maqam_Al-masih.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> <a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">maqam</a> of Al-masih (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) in <a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">As-Suwayda Governorate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> faith, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is considered the Messiah and one of God's important prophets,<sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Druze manuscripts Jesus is the Greatest Imam and the incarnation of Ultimate <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">Reason</a> (Akl) on earth and the first cosmic principle (Hadd),<sup id="cite_ref-Dana47_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana47-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regards <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a> as the incarnations of one of the five great celestial powers, who form part of their system.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Druze doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">born of a virgin</a> named <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>, performed <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracles</a>, and died by <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana47_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana47-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Druze tradition, Jesus is known under three titles: the True Messiah (<i>al-Masih al-Haq</i>), the Messiah of all Nations (<i>Masih al-Umam</i>), and the Messiah of Sinners. This is due, respectively, to the belief that Jesus delivered the true Gospel message, the belief that he was the Saviour of all nations, and the belief that he offers forgiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Druze believe that Hamza ibn Ali was a <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a> of Jesus,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a> is the true Messiah, who directed the deeds of the messiah <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> "the son of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>", but when messiah Jesus "the son of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>" strayed from the path of the true Messiah, Hamza filled the hearts of the Jews with hatred for him - and for that reason, they <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucified</a> him, according to the Druze manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana47_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana47-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Louis_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Louis-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a> took him down from the cross and allowed him to return to his family, in order to prepare men for the preaching of his religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana47_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana47-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a> is considered to the next Buddha (awakened one) that is promised to come. He is expected to come to renew the laws of Buddhism once the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> has completely decayed.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Bahá’í Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a>, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, is believed to be "He whom God will make manifest" prophesied of in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed to be the Messiah figure of previous religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Hinduism).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also taught that additional Messiahs, or "<a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Manifestations of God</a>", will appear in the distant future, but the next one would not appear until after the lapse of "a full thousand years".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> I of Ethiopia is believed to be the Messiah by followers of the <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This idea further supports the belief that God himself is black, which they (followers of the Rastafarian movement) try to further strengthen by a verse from the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even if the Emperor denied being the messiah, the followers of the Rastafari movement believe that he is a messenger from God. To justify this, Rastafarians used reasons such as Emperor Haile Selassie's bloodline, which is assumed to come from <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a> of Israel, and the various titles given to him, which include Lord of Lords, King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kebatinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebatinan">Kebatinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> religious tradition), <a href="/wiki/Satrio_Piningit" title="Satrio Piningit">Satrio Piningit</a> is a character in <a href="/wiki/Jayabaya" title="Jayabaya">Jayabaya</a>'s prophecies who is destined to become a great leader of <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> and to rule the world from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>. In <i>Serat Pararaton</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Jayabaya of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kediri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Kediri">Kediri</a> foretold that before the coming of Satrio Piningit, there would be flash floods and that volcanoes would erupt without warning. Satrio Piningit is a <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>-like figure known as <i><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Adil" title="Ratu Adil">Ratu Adil</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: 'Just King, King of Justice') and his weapon is a <a href="/wiki/Trishula" title="Trishula">trishula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> there are three messiah figures who each progressively bring about the final renovation of the world, the <a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a> and all of these three figures are called <a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Aradia,_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</a>, the messiah is <a href="/wiki/Aradia" title="Aradia">Aradia</a>, daughter of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>, who comes to Earth in order to establish the practice of <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> before returning to Heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_films">In films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dune_Messiah" title="Dune Messiah">Dune Messiah</a></i>, a 1969 novel by Frank Herbert, second in his <i>Dune</i> trilogy, also part of a miniseries, one of the widest-selling works of fiction in the 1960s.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messiah_(2007_film)" title="The Messiah (2007 film)">The Messiah</a></i>, a 2007 Persian film depicting the life of Jesus from an Islamic perspective</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Messiah_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Young Messiah (film)">The Young Messiah</a></i>, a 2016 American film depicting the childhood life of Jesus from a Christian perspective</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(American_TV_series)" title="Messiah (American TV series)">Messiah</a></i>, a 2020 American TV series.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_Games">Video Games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Video Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Messiah appears in <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_3" title="Persona 3">Persona 3</a></i> as a persona for completing the Judgment Social Link.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a>, a figure in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hong_(Taoist_eschatology)" title="Li Hong (Taoist eschatology)">Li Hong</a>, a figure in <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> eschatology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_messiah_claimants" title="List of messiah claimants">List of messiah claimants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Messiah_claimants" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Messiah claimants">Jewish Messiah claimants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_claimed_to_be_Jesus" title="List of people claimed to be Jesus">List of people claimed to be Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mahdi_claimants" title="List of Mahdi claimants">List of Mahdi claimants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_complex" title="Messiah complex">Messiah complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">Prophets in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a>, a figure in <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> who brings about the final renovation of the world</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_6000" title="Year 6000">Year 6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mab_Darogan" title="Mab Darogan">Mab Darogan</a>, a messianic figure of Welsh legend, destined to force the Germanic Anglo-Saxons and Vikings out of Britain and reclaim it for its Celtic Briton inhabitants.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The specific expression <i>ha mashiach</i> does not occur in the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JfJ-hamashiach_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JfJ-hamashiach-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meshichists-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meshichists_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meshichists_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also: Habad messianism, Lubavitcher messianism, mishichism, meshichism.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schochet_moshiah_ben_yossef_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchochet" class="citation web cs1">Schochet, Jacob Immanuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021220182918/http://www.moshiach.com/discover/tutorials/moshiach_ben_yossef.php">"Moshiach ben Yossef"</a>. <i>Tutorial</i>. moshiach.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moshiach.com/discover/tutorials/moshiach_ben_yossef.php">the original</a> on 20 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tutorial&rft.atitle=Moshiach+ben+Yossef&rft.aulast=Schochet&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Immanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moshiach.com%2Fdiscover%2Ftutorials%2Fmoshiach_ben_yossef.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVL_messiah-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JVL_messiah_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVL_messiah_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlidstein" class="citation web cs1">Blidstein, Prof. Dr. Gerald J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html">"Messiah in Rabbinic Thought"</a>. <i>Messiah</i>. Jewish Virtual Library and Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008 The Gale Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516022018/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Messiah&rft.atitle=Messiah+in+Rabbinic+Thought&rft.aulast=Blidstein&rft.aufirst=Prof.+Dr.+Gerald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVL_The_Messiah-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JVL_The_Messiah_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelushkin" class="citation web cs1">Telushkin, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/messiah.html">"The Messiah"</a>. The Jewish Virtual Library Jewish Literacy. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991. Reprinted by permission of the author. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527002435/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/messiah.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Messiah&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Virtual+Library+Jewish+Literacy.+NY%3A+William+Morrow+and+Co.%2C+1991.+Reprinted+by+permission+of+the+author.&rft.aulast=Telushkin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FJudaism%2Fmessiah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JfJ-hamashiach-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JfJ-hamashiach_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916135637/https://jewsforjudaism.org/knowledge/articles/answers/jewish-polemics/the-jewish-messiah/the-jewish-concept-of-messiah-and-the-jewish-response-to-christian-claims/">"The Jewish Concept of Messiah and the Jewish Response to Christian Claims – Jews For Judaism"</a>. <i>jewsforjudaism.org</i>. Jews For Judaism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewsforjudaism.org/knowledge/articles/answers/jewish-polemics/the-jewish-messiah/the-jewish-concept-of-messiah-and-the-jewish-response-to-christian-claims/">the original</a> on 16 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jewsforjudaism.org&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Concept+of+Messiah+and+the+Jewish+Response+to+Christian+Claims+%E2%80%93+Jews+For+Judaism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewsforjudaism.org%2Fknowledge%2Farticles%2Fanswers%2Fjewish-polemics%2Fthe-jewish-messiah%2Fthe-jewish-concept-of-messiah-and-the-jewish-response-to-christian-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVL_Flusser-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JVL_Flusser_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlusser" class="citation web cs1">Flusser, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html">"Second Temple Period"</a>. <i>Messiah</i>. Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008. The Gale Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516022018/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Messiah&rft.atitle=Second+Temple+Period&rft.aulast=Flusser&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0014_0_13744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Megillah 17b–18a, Taanit 8b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sotah 9a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOC_1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOC_1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOC_1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOC_1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=messiah">"Etymology Online"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112230237/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=messiah">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etymology+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dmessiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g5547/tr/tr/0-1/">"G5547 - christos - Strong's Greek Lexicon (Tr)"</a>. <i>Blue Letter Bible</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Letter+Bible&rft.atitle=G5547+-+christos+-+Strong%27s+Greek+Lexicon+%28Tr%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueletterbible.org%2Flexicon%2Fg5547%2Ftr%2Ftr%2F0-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MC_1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MC_1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC_1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MC_1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702150034/http://muttaqun.com/dajjal.html">"Muttaqun OnLine – Dajjal (The Anti-Christ): According to the Qur'an and Sunnah"</a>. Muttaqun.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muttaqun.com/dajjal.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muttaqun+OnLine+%E2%80%93+Dajjal+%28The+Anti-Christ%29%3A+According+to+the+Qur%27an+and+Sunnah&rft.pub=Muttaqun.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuttaqun.com%2Fdajjal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-askislamorg-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-askislamorg_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askislamorg_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askislam.org/concepts/prophecy_and_prophethood/question_577.html">"Ask Islam: What is the different between a messiah and a prophet? (audio)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+Islam%3A+What+is+the+different+between+a+messiah+and+a+prophet%3F+%28audio%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askislam.org%2Fconcepts%2Fprophecy_and_prophethood%2Fquestion_577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rororg-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rororg_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rororg_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewofreligions.org/1599/my%E2%80%88claim-to-promised-messiahship/">"Messiah and Mahdi - Review of Religions"</a>. January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021230235/http://reviewofreligions.org/1599/my%E2%80%88claim-to-promised-messiahship/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Messiah+and+Mahdi+-+Review+of+Religions&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewofreligions.org%2F1599%2Fmy%25E2%2580%2588claim-to-promised-messiahship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHandelman-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SHandelman_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHandelman_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Handelman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/177352/lubavitcher-rebbe#undefined">The Lubavitcher Rebbe Died 20 Years Ago Today. Who Was He?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211012249/https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/177352/lubavitcher-rebbe#undefined">Archived</a> 11 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tablet Magazine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASteinsaltz-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASteinsaltz_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adin Steinsaltz, <i>My Rebbe</i>. Maggid Books, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHorn-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DHorn_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHorn_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHorn_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dara Horn, 13 June 2014 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/book-review-rebbe-by-joseph-telushkin-and-my-rebbe-by-adin-steinsaltz-1402696458">"Rebbe of Rebbe's"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026163324/http://online.wsj.com/articles/book-review-rebbe-by-joseph-telushkin-and-my-rebbe-by-adin-steinsaltz-1402696458">Archived</a> 26 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Wall Street Journal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALichtenstein-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALichtenstein_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aharon Lichtenstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/111005773/Rav-Aharon-Lichtenstein-s-Hesped-for-the-Lubavitcher-Rebbe-English">Euligy for the Rebbe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307065113/https://www.scribd.com/doc/111005773/Rav-Aharon-Lichtenstein-s-Hesped-for-the-Lubavitcher-Rebbe-English">Archived</a> 7 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 16 June 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline.com-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etymonline.com_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=messiah&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dmessiah%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:41&version=nrsv">Jn. 1:41</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:25&version=nrsv">4:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badawi_2008_881-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Badawi_2008_881_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadawiHaleem2008" class="citation book cs1">Badawi, Elsaid; Haleem, Muhammad Abdel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwWwCQAAQBAJ&q=%22cures+by+caressing%22"><i>Arabic–English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage</i></a>. Koninklijke Brill. p. 881. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789047423775" title="Special:BookSources/9789047423775"><bdi>9789047423775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic%E2%80%93English+Dictionary+of+Qur%27anic+Usage&rft.pages=881&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789047423775&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=Elsaid&rft.au=Haleem%2C+Muhammad+Abdel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmwWwCQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522cures%2Bby%2Bcaressing%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> verses: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a10.htm#1">1 Samuel 10:1–2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a01.htm#39">1 Kings 1:39</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0304.htm#3">Leviticus 4:3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0240.htm#9">Exodus 40:9–11</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0406.htm#15">Numbers 6:15</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1045.htm#1">Isaiah 45:1</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maimonides/">"Maimonides"</a>. <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 8 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112062521/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maimonides/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maimonides&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fmaimonides%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2695.htm#7">Psalms 95:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10729-messiah">"Messiah"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. 1906<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Messiah&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F10729-messiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LubavitcherFalseMessiahs_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Hayim" class="citation web cs1">Bar-Hayim, HaRav David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225055436/http://machonshilo.org/en/eng/list-ask-the-rav/31-general/424-the-false-mashiah-of-lubavitch-habad">"The False Mashiah of Lubavitch-Habad"</a>. Machon Shilo (Shilo Institute). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://machonshilo.org/en/eng/list-ask-the-rav/31-general/424-the-false-mashiah-of-lubavitch-habad">the original</a> on 25 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+False+Mashiah+of+Lubavitch-Habad&rft.pub=Machon+Shilo+%28Shilo+Institute%29&rft.aulast=Bar-Hayim&rft.aufirst=HaRav+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmachonshilo.org%2Fen%2Feng%2Flist-ask-the-rav%2F31-general%2F424-the-false-mashiah-of-lubavitch-habad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-HabadMinuth-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS-HabadMinuth_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Hayim" class="citation web cs1">Bar-Hayim, HaRav David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109015103/http://machonshilo.org/en/eng/list-audio-shiurim/41-audiohalakha/475-habad-and-jewish-messianism">"Habad and Jewish Messianism (audio)"</a>. Machon Shilo (Shilo Institute). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://machonshilo.org/en/eng/list-audio-shiurim/41-audiohalakha/475-habad-and-jewish-messianism">the original</a> on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Habad+and+Jewish+Messianism+%28audio%29&rft.pub=Machon+Shilo+%28Shilo+Institute%29&rft.aulast=Bar-Hayim&rft.aufirst=HaRav+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmachonshilo.org%2Fen%2Feng%2Flist-audio-shiurim%2F41-audiohalakha%2F475-habad-and-jewish-messianism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New York Times, Statement From Agudas Chasidei Chabad, 9 Feb 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vosiz-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vosiz_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vosizneias.com/31329/2009/05/06/crown-heights-ny-rabbi-menashe-klein-messianic-group-within-chabad-are-apikorsim/">"Famed Posek Rabbi Menashe Klein: Messianic Group Within Chabad Are Apikorsim"</a>. 7 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807111532/https://www.vosizneias.com/31329/2009/05/06/crown-heights-ny-rabbi-menashe-klein-messianic-group-within-chabad-are-apikorsim/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famed+Posek+Rabbi+Menashe+Klein%3A+Messianic+Group+Within+Chabad+Are+Apikorsim&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vosizneias.com%2F31329%2F2009%2F05%2F06%2Fcrown-heights-ny-rabbi-menashe-klein-messianic-group-within-chabad-are-apikorsim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBMag-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBMag_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBMag_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219223222/http://thebeaconmag.com/2013/04/opinions/on-chabad/">"On Chabad"</a>. <i>The Beacon</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebeaconmag.com/2013/04/opinions/on-chabad/">the original</a> on 19 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Beacon&rft.atitle=On+Chabad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebeaconmag.com%2F2013%2F04%2Fopinions%2Fon-chabad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAFeldman-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAFeldman_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Public Responsa from Rabbi Aharon Feldman on the matter of Chabad messiansim (Hebrew), 23 Sivan, 5763 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://moshiachtalk.tripod.com/feldman.pdf">http://moshiachtalk.tripod.com/feldman.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126022318/https://moshiachtalk.tripod.com/feldman.pdf">Archived</a> 26 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. See also Rabbi Feldman's letter to David Beger: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/feldman_berger_sm_2.jpg">http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/feldman_berger_sm_2.jpg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212233607/http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/feldman_berger_sm_2.jpg">Archived</a> 12 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBerger-TRtMatSoOI_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2008" class="citation book cs1">Berger, David (2008). <i>The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference</i>. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1904113751" title="Special:BookSources/978-1904113751"><bdi>978-1904113751</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rebbe%2C+the+Messiah%2C+and+the+Scandal+of+Orthodox+Indifference&rft.pub=Littman+Library+of+Jewish+Civilization&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1904113751&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span> <i>For further information see the article: <a href="/wiki/The_Rebbe,_the_Messiah,_and_the_Scandal_of_Orthodox_Indifference" title="The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference">The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH-MB-JCP-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WH-MB-JCP_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Horbury, Markus Bockmuehl, James Carleton Paget: <i>Redemption and resistance: the messianic hopes of Jews and Christians in antiquity</i> p. 294 : (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567030443" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567030443">978-0567030443</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LikuteiSichosV2-p510-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LikuteiSichosV2-p510_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Likutei_Sichos" class="mw-redirect" title="Likutei Sichos">Likutei Sichos</a>, Vol 2, pp. 510–511.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Identifying_Chabad-p13-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Identifying_Chabad-p13_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_4eAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Identifying Chabad : what they teach and how they influence the Torah world</i></a> (Revised ed.). Illinois: Center for Torah Demographics. 2007. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1411642416" title="Special:BookSources/978-1411642416"><bdi>978-1411642416</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identifying+Chabad+%3A+what+they+teach+and+how+they+influence+the+Torah+world.&rft.place=Illinois&rft.pages=13&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Center+for+Torah+Demographics&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1411642416&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_4eAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaRavSinger-RebbeFailedMessiah-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HaRavSinger-RebbeFailedMessiah_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/sPXE7P8Rcgo">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226082653/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPXE7P8Rcgo&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2016" class="citation web cs1">Singer, HaRav Tovia (4 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPXE7P8Rcgo">"Why did some expect the Lubavitcher Rebbe to Resurrect as the Messiah? Rabbi Tovia Singer Responds (video-lecture)"</a>. Tovia Singer Youtube.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+did+some+expect+the+Lubavitcher+Rebbe+to+Resurrect+as+the+Messiah%3F+Rabbi+Tovia+Singer+Responds+%28video-lecture%29&rft.pub=Tovia+Singer+Youtube.com&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=HaRav+Tovia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsPXE7P8Rcgo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DVED-250-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVED-250_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVED-250_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Rabbi Prof. Dr. David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chareidi.org/archives5766/pinchos/olubavtchpnc66.htm">"On the Spectrum of Messianic Belief in Contemporary Lubavitch Chassidism"</a>. Shema Yisrael Torah Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107173232/http://chareidi.org/archives5766/pinchos/olubavtchpnc66.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Spectrum+of+Messianic+Belief+in+Contemporary+Lubavitch+Chassidism&rft.pub=Shema+Yisrael+Torah+Network&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Prof.+Dr.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchareidi.org%2Farchives5766%2Fpinchos%2Folubavtchpnc66.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Psak-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Psak_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psakdin.net/en/">"Halachic Ruling"</a>. <i>Psak Din</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psak+Din&rft.atitle=Halachic+Ruling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psakdin.net%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChFr-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChFr_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freeman, Charles. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_Western_Mind" title="The Closing of the Western Mind">The Closing of the Western Mind</a></i>, p. 133. Vintage. 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-queens-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-queens_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGryvatz_Copquin2007" class="citation book cs1">Gryvatz Copquin, Claudia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2p8LnB_q9AYC&q=ohel+chabad&pg=PA20"><i>The Neighborhoods of Queens</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. 20–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11299-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11299-3"><bdi>978-0-300-11299-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Neighborhoods+of+Queens&rft.pages=20-23&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11299-3&rft.aulast=Gryvatz+Copquin&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2p8LnB_q9AYC%26q%3Dohel%2Bchabad%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNYO-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TNYO_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Observer</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2014/07/rebbe-to-the-city-and-the-world/">"Rebbe to the city and Rebbe to the world"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125224433/https://observer.com/2014/07/rebbe-to-the-city-and-the-world/">Archived</a> 25 January 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Editorial, 07/08/14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.com/tract/the-rapture">"The Rapture"</a>. <i>Catholic Answers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Answers&rft.atitle=The+Rapture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Ftract%2Fthe-rapture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4828-cyrus#anchor7">Cyrus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219221449/https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4828-cyrus#anchor7">Archived</a> 19 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i> (1906). "This prophet, Cyrus, through whom were to be redeemed His chosen people, whom he would glorify before all the world, was the promised Messiah, 'the shepherd of Yhwh' (xliv. 28, xlv. 1)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan1985" class="citation journal cs1">Hassan, Riffat (Spring 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soerenkern.com/pdfs/islam/MessianismAndIslamHassan.pdf">"Messianism and Islam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Ecumenical Studies</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 263. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025426/http://soerenkern.com/pdfs/islam/MessianismAndIslamHassan.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecumenical+Studies&rft.atitle=Messianism+and+Islam&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=263&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Riffat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoerenkern.com%2Fpdfs%2Fislam%2FMessianismAndIslamHassan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds_2009-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Said_Reynolds" title="Gabriel Said Reynolds">Reynolds, Gabriel S.</a> (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nd.edu/~reynolds/index_files/jesus%20dead%20or%20alive.pdf">"The Muslim Jesus: Dead or Alive?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)</i>. <b>72</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 237–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X09000500">10.1017/S0041977X09000500</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379003">40379003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27268737">27268737</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617010816/https://www3.nd.edu/~reynolds/index_files/jesus%20dead%20or%20alive.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies+%28University+of+London%29&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Jesus%3A+Dead+or+Alive%3F&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-258&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27268737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40379003%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X09000500&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nd.edu%2F~reynolds%2Findex_files%2Fjesus%2520dead%2520or%2520alive.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=45">3:45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirani2019" class="citation journal cs1">Virani, Shafique (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41992496">"Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus"</a>. <i>Studies in Islamic Historiography</i>: 147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004415294_007">10.1163/9789004415294_007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41529-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41529-4"><bdi>978-90-04-41529-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711145357/https://www.academia.edu/41992496">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Islamic+Historiography&rft.atitle=Hierohistory+in+Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB+l-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n%27s+Foundation+of+Symbolic+Interpretation+%28As%C4%81s+al-Ta%CA%BEw%C4%ABl%29%3A+The+Birth+of+Jesus&rft.pages=147&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004415294_007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-41529-4&rft.aulast=Virani&rft.aufirst=Shafique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41992496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/33?startingVerse=7">33:7</a>Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/42?startingVerse=13">42:13-14</a>Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/57?startingVerse=26">57:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesis-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thesis_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thesis_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thesis_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thesis_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Albert, Alexander (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1226&context=etd"><i>Orientating, Developing, and Promoting an Islamic Christology</i></a> (MA thesis). Florida International University. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25148%2Fetd.FI10041628">10.25148/etd.FI10041628</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611031455/https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1226&context=etd">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Orientating%2C+Developing%2C+and+Promoting+an+Islamic+Christology&rft.inst=Florida+International+University&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25148%2Fetd.FI10041628&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.fiu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1226%26context%3Detd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2013" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqui, Mona (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christiansmuslim0000sidd/page/12"><i>Christians, Muslims, and Jesus</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christiansmuslim0000sidd/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16970-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16970-6"><bdi>978-0-300-16970-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians%2C+Muslims%2C+and+Jesus&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-300-16970-6&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristiansmuslim0000sidd%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWensick2012" class="citation web cs1">Wensick, A.J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-masih-SIM_5012">"al- Masih"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410050303/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-masih-SIM_5012">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.atitle=al-+Masih&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Wensick&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fal-masih-SIM_5012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/19?startingVerse=1">19:1-33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/4?startingVerse=171">4:171</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendal2016" class="citation book cs1">Kendal, Elizabeth (2016). <i>After Saturday Comes Sunday: Understanding the Christian Crisis in the Middle East</i>. Eugene, OR: Resource Publications. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498239882" title="Special:BookSources/9781498239882"><bdi>9781498239882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Saturday+Comes+Sunday%3A+Understanding+the+Christian+Crisis+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Eugene%2C+OR&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Resource+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781498239882&rft.aulast=Kendal&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=2739&region=E1&CR=">"The Holy Quran"</a>. Alislam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403125725/https://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=2739&region=E1&CR=">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Quran&rft.pub=Alislam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fquran%2Ftafseer%2F%3Fpage%3D2739%26region%3DE1%26CR%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyoub2007" class="citation book cs1">Ayoub, Mahmoud (2007). <i>A Muslim View of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue</i>. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57075-690-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57075-690-0"><bdi>978-1-57075-690-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Muslim+View+of+Christianity%3A+Essays+on+Dialogue&rft.place=Maryknoll%2C+NY&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57075-690-0&rft.aulast=Ayoub&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2001" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Tarif (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/25"><i>Muslim Jesus</i></a></span>. President and Fellows of Harvard College. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00477-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00477-9"><bdi>0-674-00477-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Jesus&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=President+and+Fellows+of+Harvard+College&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-674-00477-9&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Tarif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimjesussayin00%2Fpage%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4324">4324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/subdivisions/sunnishia_1.shtml">"Sunni and Shi'a"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070121041109/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/subdivisions/sunnishia_1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunni+and+Shi%27a&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fsubdivisions%2Fsunnishia_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/4?startingVerse=159">4:159</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3449">3449</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/4?startingVerse=157">4:157</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/5?startingVerse=72">5:72-77</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2007" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Muhammad (2007). <i>Israel: The History and How Jews, Christians and Muslims Can Achieve Peace</i>. New York: iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595426195" title="Special:BookSources/9780595426195"><bdi>9780595426195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+The+History+and+How+Jews%2C+Christians+and+Muslims+Can+Achieve+Peace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780595426195&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWilliams2002" class="citation book cs1">Bill, James; Williams, John Alden (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romancatholicssh0000bill/page/57"><i>Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims</i></a>. The University of North Carolina Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romancatholicssh0000bill/page/57">57–58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-2689-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-2689-8"><bdi>0-8078-2689-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Catholics+and+Shi%27i+Muslims&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8078-2689-8&rft.aulast=Bill&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Williams%2C+John+Alden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromancatholicssh0000bill%2Fpage%2F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/discussions-concerning-al-mahdi-gulpaygani/">"mahdi"-special-meaning-and-technical-usage "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Mahdi" in a Special Meaning and Technical Usage"</a>. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Mahdi%22+in+a+Special+Meaning+and+Technical+Usage&rft.pub=Ahlul+Bayt+Digital+Islamic+Library+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fdiscussions-concerning-al-mahdi-gulpaygani%2F%22mahdi%22-special-meaning-and-technical-usage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Majah, Bab, Shahadatu-Zaman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/">"Jesus: A humble prophet of God"</a>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013233537/http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+A+humble+prophet+of+God&rft.pub=Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Ftopics%2Fjesus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadrat_Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_of_Qadian2007" class="citation book cs1">Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/LectureSialkot.pdf"><i>Lecture Sialkot</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tilford, Surrey, United Kingdom: Islam International Publications Ltd. pp. 39–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lecture+Sialkot&rft.place=Tilford%2C+Surrey%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=39-40&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Hadrat+Mirza+Ghulam+Ahmad+of+Qadian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FLectureSialkot.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-honor-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-honor_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-honor_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Francis. "Prophets without honour? Ahmad and the Ahmadiyya". <i>History Today</i>. <b>40</b> (June): 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Prophets+without+honour%3F+Ahmad+and+the+Ahmadiyya&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=June&rft.pages=46&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitti1928" class="citation book cs1">Hitti, Philip K. (1928). <i>The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings</i>. Library of Alexandria. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-4662-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-4662-3"><bdi>978-1-4655-4662-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Druze+People+and+Religion%3A+With+Extracts+from+Their+Sacred+Writings&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=978-1-4655-4662-3&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana_2008_17-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDana2008" class="citation book cs1">Dana, Nissim (2008). <i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i>. Michigan University press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-36-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-36-9"><bdi>978-1-903900-36-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Michigan+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903900-36-9&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Nissim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana47-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dana47_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dana47_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dana47_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dana47_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDana2008" class="citation book cs1">Dana, Nissim (2008). <i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i>. Michigan University press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-36-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-36-9"><bdi>978-1-903900-36-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Michigan+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903900-36-9&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Nissim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone2013" class="citation book cs1">Crone, Patricia (2013). <i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691134840" title="Special:BookSources/9780691134840"><bdi>9780691134840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Political+Thought&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780691134840&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwayd2019" class="citation book cs1">Swayd, Samy (2019). <i>The A to Z of the Druzes</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810870024" title="Special:BookSources/9780810870024"><bdi>9780810870024</bdi></a>. <q>Jesus is known in the Druze tradition as the "True Messiah" (al-Masih al-Haq), for he delivered what Druzes view as the true message. He is also referred to as the "Messiah of the Nations" (Masih al-Umam) because he was sent to the world as "Masih of Sins" because he is the one who forgives.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Druzes&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780810870024&rft.aulast=Swayd&rft.aufirst=Samy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Sorenson2008" class="citation book cs1">S. Sorenson, David (2008). <i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought</i>. Routledge. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429975042" title="Special:BookSources/9780429975042"><bdi>9780429975042</bdi></a>. <q>They further believe that Hamza ibn Ali was a reincarnation of many prophets, including Christ, Plato, Aristotle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Political+Thought&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780429975042&rft.aulast=S.+Sorenson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Louis-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Louis_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassignon2019" class="citation book cs1">Massignon, Louis (2019). <i>The Passion of Al-Hallaj, Mystic and Martyr of Islam, Volume 1: The Life of Al-Hallaj</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 594. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691610832" title="Special:BookSources/9780691610832"><bdi>9780691610832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passion+of+Al-Hallaj%2C+Mystic+and+Martyr+of+Islam%2C+Volume+1%3A+The+Life+of+Al-Hallaj&rft.pages=594&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780691610832&rft.aulast=Massignon&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358868/Maitreya">"Maitreya (Buddhism)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maitreya+%28Buddhism%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F358868%2FMaitreya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen2004" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Moojan (2004). "Baha'i Faith and Holy People". In Jestice, Phyllis G. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-library.com/pdf/m/momen_lawson_holy_people.pdf"><i>Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-355-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-355-6"><bdi>1-57607-355-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baha%27i+Faith+and+Holy+People&rft.btitle=Holy+People+of+the+World%3A+A+Cross-cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57607-355-6&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fpdf%2Fm%2Fmomen_lawson_holy_people.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoghi Effendi, <i>God Passes By</i>, 1944, The Baha'i Publishing Trust, pp. 94-97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baha'u'llah, <i>Gleanings from the Writings of Baha'u'llah</i>, 1939, Baha'i Publishing Trust, Selection #165, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/rastafari/beliefs/beliefs_1.shtml">"Rastafarian beliefs"</a>. BBC. 9 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014070700/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/rastafari/beliefs/beliefs_1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rastafarian+beliefs&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Frastafari%2Fbeliefs%2Fbeliefs_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Jeremiah#8:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Jeremiah">Jeremiah 8:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/rastafari/beliefs/haileselassie.shtml">"Haile Selassie I - God of the Black race"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228073530/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/rastafari/beliefs/haileselassie.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Haile+Selassie+I+-+God+of+the+Black+race&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Frastafari%2Fbeliefs%2Fhaileselassie.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.M. Mangkudimedja. 1979. <i>Serat Pararaton Jilid 2</i>. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah. p. 168 <span class="languageicon">(in Indonesian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mulder, Niel. 1980. "Kedjawen: Tussen de Geest en Persoonlijkheid van Javaans". The Hague: Droggstopel. p. 72 <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Godfrey_Leland1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Leland" title="Charles Godfrey Leland">Charles Godfrey Leland</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XgwMAAAAIAAJ"><i>Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Nutt_(publisher)#The_David_Nutt_firm_in_later_years" title="David Nutt (publisher)">D. Nutt</a>. p. VIII<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aradia%2C+or+the+Gospel+of+the+Witches&rft.pages=VIII&rft.pub=D.+Nutt&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Charles+Godfrey+Leland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXgwMAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aryeh Kaplan, <i>From Messiah to Christ</i>, New York: Orthodox Union, 2004.</li> <li>Joseph Klausner, <i>The Messianic Idea in Israel from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah</i>, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956.</li> <li>Jacob Neusner, William S. Green, Ernst Frerichs, <i>Judaisms and their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiah&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Messiah" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Messiah">Messiah</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/messiah.html">Messiah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527002435/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/messiah.html">Archived</a> 27 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Jewish Virtual Library</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithWhitehouse1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, William R.; Whitehouse, Owen C. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Messiah"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Messiah">"Messiah" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 191–194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Messiah&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=191-194&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft.au=Whitehouse%2C+Owen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeddes1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Geddes, Leonard W. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Messias"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Messias">"Messias" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Messias&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Geddes&rft.aufirst=Leonard+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessiah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">Prophets in Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_38" title="Ezekiel 38">Ezekiel 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladder_of_Jacob" title="Ladder of Jacob">Ladder of Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_7:14" title="Isaiah 7:14">Isaiah 7:14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_figure)" title="Shiloh (biblical figure)">Shiloh (biblical figure)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">Oral Torah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Revelation" title="Gabriel's Revelation">Gabriel's revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Zerubbabel" title="Apocalypse of Zerubbabel">Apocalypse of Zerubbabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secrets_of_Rabbi_Simon_ben_Yohai" title="The Secrets of Rabbi Simon ben Yohai">The Secrets of Rabbi Simon ben Yohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Messiah_at_the_Gates_of_Rome" title="The Messiah at the Gates of Rome">The Messiah at the Gates of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Baruch" title="3 Baruch">3 Baruch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/100px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/150px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png/200px-Entire_Tanakh_scroll_set.png 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="3472" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Judgement Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosom_of_Abraham" title="Bosom of Abraham">Bosom of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tzoah_Rotachat" title="Tzoah Rotachat">Tzoah Rotachat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudael" title="Dudael">Dudael</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Messiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horns_and_Four_Craftsmen" title="Four Horns and Four Craftsmen">Four Horns and Four Craftsmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Priest" title="Righteous Priest">Righteous Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah in Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Messiah%27s_Donkey" title="The Messiah's Donkey">The Messiah's Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_dynasty_in_Bible_prophecy" title="Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy">Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_ben_Joseph" title="Messiah ben Joseph">Messiah ben Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_6000" title="Year 6000">Year 6000</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_prophecy" class="mw-redirect" title="Messianic prophecy">Messianic prophecy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehom" title="Tehom">Tehom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tophet" title="Tophet">Tophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">End-times</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingship and kingdom of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_of_God_(Judaism)" title="Kingship of God (Judaism)">Kingship of God (Judaism)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the dead">Resurrection of the dead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_death" title="Second death">Second death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Lord" title="The Day of the Lord">The day of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_olam" title="Tikkun olam">Tikkun olam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_and_Eretz_Yisrael_Faithful_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement">Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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