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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Academic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advisory_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advisory_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Advisory roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advisory_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TARP_oversight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TARP_oversight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>TARP oversight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TARP_oversight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Political affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate_(2013–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate_(2013–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>U.S. Senate (2013–present)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senate_(2013–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle U.S. Senate (2013–present) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate_(2013–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Role in the 2016 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Committee assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Previous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>2020 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2020_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2020 presidential campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Polls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Public appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice-presidential_speculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice-presidential_speculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Vice-presidential speculation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice-presidential_speculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_Native_American_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_Native_American_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ancestry and Native American claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_Native_American_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_influence_and_protégés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_influence_and_protégés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Political influence and protégés</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_influence_and_protégés-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political influence and protégés subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_influence_and_protégés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_on_national_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_national_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Influence on national politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_national_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protégés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protégés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Protégés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protégés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_appointments_in_Democratic_presidential_administrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_appointments_in_Democratic_presidential_administrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Influence on appointments in Democratic presidential administrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_appointments_in_Democratic_presidential_administrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pressuring_of_Hillary_Clinton_before_the_2016_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressuring_of_Hillary_Clinton_before_the_2016_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.1</span> <span>Pressuring of Hillary Clinton before the 2016 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressuring_of_Hillary_Clinton_before_the_2016_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.2</span> <span>Biden administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Books and other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Warren</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="إليزابيث وارن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليزابيث وارن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabet_Vorren" title="Elizabet Vorren – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elizabet Vorren" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="الیزابت وارن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الیزابت وارن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="এলিজাবেথ ওয়ারেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এলিজাবেথ ওয়ারেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Елизабет Уорън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елизабет Уорън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warrenov%C3%A1" title="Elizabeth Warrenová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elizabeth Warrenová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B8_%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Ελίζαμπεθ Ουόρεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελίζαμπεθ Ουόρεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="الیزابت وارن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیزابت وارن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9B%8C%EB%9F%B0" title="엘리자베스 워런 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리자베스 워런" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Էլիզաբեթ Ուորեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլիզաբեթ Ուորեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8" title="एलिजाबेथ वौरन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलिजाबेथ वौरन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="אליזבת וורן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אליזבת וורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ელიზაბეთ უორენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელიზაბეთ უორენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabete_Vorena" title="Elizabete Vorena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elizabete Vorena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB" title="എലിസബത്ത് വാറെൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എലിസബത്ത് വാറെൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8" title="एलिझाबेथ वॉरन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एलिझाबेथ वॉरन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="اليزابيث وارن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليزابيث وارن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3" title="エリザベス・ウォーレン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザベス・ウォーレン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уоррен, Элизабет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уоррен, Элизабет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Елизабет Ворен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елизабет Ворен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="எலிசபத் வொரன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலிசபத் வொரன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Елізабет Воррен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елізабет Воррен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%AA%DA%BE_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="الزبتھ وارن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الزبتھ وارن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elizabeth Warren" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%80%AB" title="伊莉莎白·華倫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊莉莎白·華倫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Vice Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate">Senate Democratic Caucus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 3, 2017<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Chuck Schumer</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 3, 2013<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Special Advisor for the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 17, 2010 – August 1, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Date" title="Raj Date">Raj Date</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Oversight_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Oversight Panel">Congressional Oversight Panel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 25, 2008 – November 15, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Silvers" title="Damon Silvers">Damon Silvers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaufman" title="Ted Kaufman">Ted Kaufman</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Elizabeth Ann Herring</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-06-22</span>) </span>June 22, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1996–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1991–1996)<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeSteep_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeSteep-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jim Warren</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1978)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._Mann" title="Bruce H. Mann">Bruce H. Mann</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="July 12, 1980">1980</span>)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Warren_Tyagi" title="Amelia Warren Tyagi">Amelia</a></li><li>Alex</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-family_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-family-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Law_School" title="Rutgers Law School">Rutgers University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>law professor</li><li>author</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elizabeth Warren's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/128px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/192px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/256px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warren.senate.gov">Senate website</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_on_private_equity_firms_and_increased_rental_prices.ogg" title="File:Elizabeth Warren on private equity firms and increased rental prices.ogg">Elizabeth Warren's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="90" data-mwtitle="Elizabeth_Warren_on_private_equity_firms_and_increased_rental_prices.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Elizabeth_Warren_on_private_equity_firms_and_increased_rental_prices.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Elizabeth_Warren_on_private_equity_firms_and_increased_rental_prices.ogg/Elizabeth_Warren_on_private_equity_firms_and_increased_rental_prices.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Elizabeth Warren questions witnesses on <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firms" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity firms">private equity firms</a> and increased rental prices<br />Recorded August 2, 2022</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren,_official_portrait,_114th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/75px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/113px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/150px-Elizabeth_Warren%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="2385" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Elizabeth Warren</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator from Massachusetts</a></div> <ul><li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Early political involvement</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Special Advisor for the CFPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversight_of_the_Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program">Chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elizabeth Warren's signature"><img alt="Elizabeth Warren's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/155px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/233px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg/310px-Elizabeth_Warren_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="243" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elizabeth_Warren_series" title="Template:Elizabeth Warren series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elizabeth_Warren_series" title="Template talk:Elizabeth Warren series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth_Warren_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth Warren series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #3333FF; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Liberalism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#3333FF; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Liberalism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism#United_States" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern/Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Harm Principle">Harm Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal egalitarianism">Legal egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalienable_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Unalienable rights">Unalienable rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Deal" title="Fair Deal">Fair Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America_movement" title="Young America movement">Young America movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steele_Commager" title="Henry Steele Commager">Commager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frank" title="Thomas Frank">Frank (Thomas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ireland" title="Patricia Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">King (Coretta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Martin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Pinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Edward_Smith" title="Stephen Edward Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Trilling" title="Lionel Trilling">Trilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monroe_Trotter" title="William Monroe Trotter">Trotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams"> Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton (Hillary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Cuomo (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Cuomo (Mario)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Feinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank (Barney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Glasser" title="Ira Glasser">Glasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Garfield_Hays" title="Arthur Garfield Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob K. Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Kennedy (Joseph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy (Ted)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">King (Coretta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Martin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kinzinger" title="Adam Kinzinger">Kinzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson" title="Gaylord Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamelle_Bouie" title="Jamelle Bouie">Bouie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">Carville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chait" title="Jonathan Chait">Chait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates" title="Ta-Nehisi Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Croly" title="Herbert Croly">Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxane_Gay" title="Roxane Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hayes" title="Chris Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_Huffington" title="Arianna Huffington">Huffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel" title="Jimmy Kimmel">Kimmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Klein (Naomi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meyers" title="Seth Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Miller (political strategist)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Moyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Noah" title="Trevor Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Polgreen" title="Lydia Polgreen">Polgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Yglesias" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Yglesias">Yglesias</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Breyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Darrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Houston" title="Charles Hamilton Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">K. B. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">Souter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_party" title="Anti-Administration party">Anti-Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-tan_faction" title="Black-and-tan faction">Black-and-tans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-Breeds_(politics)" title="Half-Breeds (politics)">Half-Breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Republicans">Rockefeller Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Republicans">Roosevelt Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Republicans_(Reconstruction_era)" title="Moderate Republicans (Reconstruction era)">Moderate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwumps" title="Mugwumps">Mugwumps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party (factions)</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Budget_and_Policy_Priorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Budget and Policy Priorities">Center for Budget and Policy Priorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Society" title="American Constitution Society">American Constitution Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_United_for_Separation_of_Church_and_State" title="Americans United for Separation of Church and State">Americans United for Separation of Church and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_For_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Brennan Center For Justice">Brennan Center For Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_Works" title="Equal Justice Works">Equal Justice Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">People for the American Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NARAL" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL">NARAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Southern Center for Human Rights">Southern Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCC" class="mw-redirect" title="SNCC">SNCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Prospect" title="The American Prospect">The American Prospect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_with_Jon_Stewart" title="The Problem with Jon Stewart">The Problem with Jon Stewart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sojourners" title="Sojourners">Sojourners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talking_Points_Memo" title="Talking Points Memo">Talking Points Memo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ThinkProgress" title="ThinkProgress">ThinkProgress</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #3333FF; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_American_academics" title="Political views of American academics">Liberal bias in academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias_in_the_United_States" title="Media bias in the United States">Liberal bias in the media</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberal_Imagination" title="The Liberal Imagination">The Liberal Imagination</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1950)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism_US" title="Template:Liberalism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberalism_US" title="Template talk:Liberalism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elizabeth Ann Warren</b> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> <b>Herring</b>; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">senior</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, serving since 2013. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> and regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren has focused on <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a>, equitable economic opportunity, and the <a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety net</a> while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, ultimately finishing third. </p><p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, Warren is a graduate of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Law_School" title="Rutgers Law School">Rutgers Law School</a> and has taught law at several universities, including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_Law_Center" title="University of Houston Law Center">University of Houston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law" title="University of Texas School of Law">University of Texas at Austin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School" title="University of Pennsylvania Law School">University of Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard University</a>. Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eleven_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eleven-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren's first foray into <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a> began in 1995, when she worked to oppose what eventually became a <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Abuse_Prevention_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act">2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 2000s, her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent <a href="/wiki/Banking_regulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking regulations">banking regulations</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>. She served as chair of the <a href="/wiki/Oversight_of_the_Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program">Congressional Oversight Panel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a>, and proposed and established the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a>, for which she served as the first special advisor under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012</a>, Warren defeated incumbent Republican <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a> and became the first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was reelected by a wide margin in <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2018</a>, defeating Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Diehl" title="Geoff Diehl">Geoff Diehl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 9, 2019, Warren announced <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">her candidacy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNkickoff_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNkickoff-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was briefly considered the front-runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019, but support for her campaign dwindled. She withdrew from the race on March 5, 2020, after <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was reelected to a third Senate term in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2024</a> against Republican nominee John Deaton.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Warren%27s_High_School_Graduation_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Warren's high school graduation photo</figcaption></figure> <p>Warren was born Elizabeth Ann Herring in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> on June 22, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-Globe.Defeats_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globe.Defeats-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the fourth child of Pauline Louise (née Reed, 1912–1995), a <a href="/wiki/Homemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemaker">homemaker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Donald Jones Herring (1911–1997), a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Flight_instructor" title="Flight instructor">flight instructor</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, both of whom were members of the evangelical branch of the Protestant Methodist Church.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren has described her early family life as teetering "on the ragged edge of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>" and "kind of hanging on at the edges by our fingernails."<sup id="cite_ref-tenthings_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bierman2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and her three older brothers were raised <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrane_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren lived in <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a>, until she was 11 years old, when her family moved back to Oklahoma City.<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was 12, her father, then a salesman at <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward" title="Montgomery Ward">Montgomery Ward</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bierman2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bierman2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a heart attack, which led to many medical bills as well as a pay cut because he could not do his previous work.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving his sales job, he worked as a maintenance man for an apartment building.<sup id="cite_ref-Bostonian-2009_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bostonian-2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the family's car was repossessed because they failed to make <a href="/wiki/Car_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Car loan">loan</a> payments. To help the family finances, her mother found work in the catalog-order department at <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was 13, Warren started waiting tables at her aunt's restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-vanity_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren became a star member of the debate team at <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Classen_High_School" title="Northwest Classen High School">Northwest Classen High School</a> and won the state high school debating championship. She also won a debate scholarship to <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (GWU) at the age of 16.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She initially aspired to be a teacher, but left GWU after two years in 1968 to marry James Robert "Jim" Warren,<sup id="cite_ref-JimsFullName_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JimsFullName-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whom she had met in high school.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanity_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bberg_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bberg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren and her husband moved to <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, where he was employed by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> and graduated in 1970 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in speech pathology and audiology.<sup id="cite_ref-Bostonian-2009_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bostonian-2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WarrenCV2008_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarrenCV2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Warrens moved to <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> when Jim received a job transfer. She soon became pregnant and decided to stay at home to care for their daughter, <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Warren_Tyagi" title="Amelia Warren Tyagi">Amelia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tenthings_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conversations_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Amelia turned two, Warren enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Law_School" title="Rutgers Law School">Rutgers Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conversations_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received her <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> in 1976 and passed the <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">bar examination</a> shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-bberg_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bberg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conversations_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before graduating, Warren became pregnant with their second child, Alexander.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tenthings_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <p>In 1970, after obtaining a degree in speech pathology and audiology, but before enrolling in law school, Warren taught children with disabilities for a year in a public school.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During law school, she worked as a summer associate at <a href="/wiki/Cadwalader,_Wickersham_%26_Taft" title="Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft">Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft</a>. After receiving her <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> and passing the <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">bar examination</a>, Warren offered legal services from home, writing wills and doing real estate closings.<sup id="cite_ref-bberg_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bberg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conversations_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Warren taught law at several American universities while researching issues related to <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> and middle-class <a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">personal finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conversations_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became involved with public work in bankruptcy regulation and consumer protection in the mid-1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic">Academic</h3></div> <p>Warren began her career in academia as a lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University%E2%80%93Newark" title="Rutgers University–Newark">Rutgers University, Newark</a> <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_School_of_Law_%E2%80%93_Newark" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers School of Law – Newark">School of Law</a> (1977–1978). She then moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_Law_Center" title="University of Houston Law Center">University of Houston Law Center</a> (1978–1983), where she became an associate dean in 1980 and obtained <a href="/wiki/Tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure">tenure</a> in 1981. She taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law" title="University of Texas School of Law">University of Texas School of Law</a> as visiting associate professor in 1981 and returned as a full professor two years later (staying from 1983 to 1987). She was a research associate at the Population Research Center of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> from 1983 to 1987<sup id="cite_ref-WarrenCV2008_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarrenCV2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in 1985. During this period, Warren also taught <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrane_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg/270px-Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg/360px-Elizabeth_Warren_in_1987_Peregrinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>Warren in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law" title="University of Texas School of Law">University of Texas School of Law</a>'s 1987 yearbook.</figcaption></figure> <p>Warren's earliest academic work was heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">law and economics</a> movement, which aimed to apply <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical economic theory</a> to the study of law with an emphasis on economic efficiency. One of her articles, published in 1980 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_Review" title="Notre Dame Law Review">Notre Dame Law Review</a></i>, argued that <a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">public utilities</a> were over-regulated and that automatic utility rate increases should be instituted.<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Warren soon became a proponent of on-the-ground research into how people respond to laws. Her work analyzing court records and interviewing judges, lawyers, and debtors, established her as a rising star in the field of bankruptcy law.<sup id="cite_ref-Neyfakh_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neyfakh-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Warren and economists who follow her work, one of her key insights was that rising bankruptcy rates were caused not by profligate <a href="/wiki/Consumer_spending" title="Consumer spending">consumer spending</a> but by middle-class families' attempts to buy homes in good school districts.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren worked in this field alongside colleagues <a href="/wiki/Teresa_A._Sullivan" title="Teresa A. Sullivan">Teresa A. Sullivan</a> and Jay Westbrook, and the trio published their research in the book <i>As We Forgive Our Debtors</i> in 1989. Warren later recalled that she had begun her research believing that most people filing for bankruptcy were either working the system or had been irresponsible in incurring debts, but that she concluded that such abuse was in fact rare and that the legal framework for bankruptcy was poorly designed, describing the way the research challenged her fundamental beliefs as "worse than disillusionment" and "like being shocked at a deep-down level".<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, she published an article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Law_Review" title="Washington University Law Review">Washington University Law Review</a></i> in which she argued that correlating middle-class struggles with over-consumption was a fallacy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren joined the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School" title="University of Pennsylvania Law School">University of Pennsylvania Law School</a> as a full professor in 1987 and obtained an <a href="/wiki/Endowed_chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Endowed chair">endowed chair</a> in 1990, becoming the <a href="/wiki/William_A._Schnader" title="William A. Schnader">William A. Schnader</a> Professor of Commercial Law. In 1992, she taught for a year at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Braucher" title="Robert Braucher">Robert Braucher</a> Visiting Professor of Commercial Law. In 1995, Warren left Penn to become <a href="/wiki/Leo_Gottlieb_(lawyer)" title="Leo Gottlieb (lawyer)">Leo Gottlieb</a> Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. In 1996, she became the highest-paid professor at Harvard University who was not an administrator, with a $181,300 salary and total compensation of $291,876, including moving expenses and an allowance in lieu of benefits contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WarrenCV2008_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarrenCV2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Warren&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, she was Harvard's only tenured law professor who had attended law school at an American public university.<sup id="cite_ref-Neyfakh_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neyfakh-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren was a highly influential law professor. She published in many fields, but her expertise was in bankruptcy and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_law" title="Commercial law">commercial law</a>. From 2005 to 2009, Warren was among the three most-cited scholars in those fields.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren began to rise in prominence in 2004 with an appearance on the Dr. Phil show, and published several books including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two-Income_Trap" title="The Two-Income Trap">The Two-Income Trap</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advisory_roles">Advisory roles</h3></div> <p>In 1995, the National Bankruptcy Review Commission's chair, former congressman <a href="/wiki/Mike_Synar" title="Mike Synar">Mike Synar</a>, asked Warren to advise the commission. Synar had been a debate opponent of Warren's during their school years.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She helped draft the commission's report and worked for several years to oppose legislation intended to severely restrict consumers' right to file for bankruptcy. Warren and others opposing the legislation were not successful; in 2005, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Abuse_Prevention_and_Consumer_Protection_Act_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005">Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005</a>, which curtailed consumers' ability to file for bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-vanity_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2006 to 2010, Warren was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">FDIC</a> (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a member of the National Bankruptcy Conference, an independent organization that advises the U.S. Congress on bankruptcy law,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former vice president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren's scholarship and public advocacy were the impetus for establishing the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1315">: 1315 </span></sup></b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TARP_oversight">TARP oversight</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg/260px-Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg/390px-Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg/520px-Nomination_of_Richard_Cordray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>Warren stands next to President Barack Obama as he announces <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cordray" title="Richard Cordray">Richard Cordray</a>'s nomination as the first director of the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">CFPB</a>, July 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>On November 14, 2008, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Majority Leader">U.S. Senate majority leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> appointed Warren to chair the five-member <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Oversight_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Oversight Panel">Congressional Oversight Panel</a> created to oversee the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panel released monthly oversight reports evaluating the government bailout and related programs.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Warren's tenure, these reports covered foreclosure mitigation, consumer and small business lending, commercial real estate, <a href="/wiki/AIG" class="mw-redirect" title="AIG">AIG</a>, bank stress tests, the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a> (TARP) on the financial markets, government guarantees, the automotive industry and other topics.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Warren_CFPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>Warren discussing the work of the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Community_Bankers_of_America" title="Independent Community Bankers of America">ICBA</a> conference in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Warren was an early advocate for creating a new <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> (CFPB). The bureau was established by the <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</a>, signed into law by President Obama in July 2010. In September 2010, Obama named Warren <a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant to the President">Assistant to the President</a> and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the CFPB to set up the new agency.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> groups and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_advocacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer advocacy">consumer advocacy</a> groups urged Obama to formally nominate Warren as the agency's director, financial institutions and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> members of Congress strongly opposed her, believing she would be an overly zealous regulator.<sup id="cite_ref-vanity_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly convinced that Warren could not win Senate confirmation as the bureau's first director,<sup id="cite_ref-Feared_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feared-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in January 2012, Obama appointed former <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Attorney_General" title="Ohio Attorney General">Ohio attorney general</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cordray" title="Richard Cordray">Richard Cordray</a> to the post in a <a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">recess appointment</a> over Republican senators' objections.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_affiliation">Political affiliation</h3></div> <p>A close high-school friend told <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> in 2019 that in high school Warren was a "diehard conservative" and that she had since done a "180-degree turn and an about-face".<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of her colleagues at the University of Texas in Austin said that at university in the early 1980s Warren was "sometimes surprisingly anti-consumer in her attitude".<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a>, who had been a colleague of hers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, recalled in 2019 that when he heard her speak at the time she was becoming politically prominent, he "almost fell off [his] chair... She's definitely changed".<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren was registered as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> from 1991 to 1996<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeSteep_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeSteep-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and voted Republican for many years. "I was a Republican because I thought that those were the people who best supported markets", she has said.<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But she has also said that in the six presidential elections before 1996 she voted for the Republican nominee only once, in <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-politico_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren has said that she began to vote Democratic in 1995 because she no longer believed that the Republicans were the party who best supported markets, but she has said she has voted for both parties because she believed neither should dominate.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Warren, she left the Republican Party because it is no longer "principled in its conservative approach to economics and to markets" and is instead tilting the playing field in favor of large financial institutions and against middle-class American families.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate_(2013–present)"><span id="U.S._Senate_.282013.E2.80.93present.29"></span>U.S. Senate (2013–present)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren">Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg/220px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg/330px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg/440px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts_results_map_by_municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>2012 Senate election results by municipality</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Warren_for_Senate_logo02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Senate campaign logo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012">2012</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>On September 14, 2011, Warren declared her intention to run for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nomination for the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012 election in Massachusetts</a> for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a>. Republican <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a> had won the seat in a <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts">2010 special election</a> after <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>'s death.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week later, a video of Warren speaking in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover</a> went <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral</a> on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it, Warren responds to the charge that asking the rich to pay more taxes is "class warfare" by saying that no one grew rich in the U.S. without depending on infrastructure paid for by the rest of society:<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own. Nobody. ... You moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for; you hired workers the rest of us paid to educate; you were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces that the rest of us paid for. You didn't have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory, and hire someone to protect against this, because of the work the rest of us did. Now look, you built a factory and it turned into something terrific, or a great idea. God bless. Keep a big hunk of it. But part of the underlying social contract is, you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.</p></blockquote> <p>President Obama later <a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">echoed her sentiments</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 election campaign speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Warren_Nov_2_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Warren at a campaign event, November 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Warren ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination and won it on June 2, 2012, at the state Democratic convention with a record 95.77% of the votes of delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She encountered significant opposition from business interests. In August, the political director for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Chamber of Commerce">U.S. Chamber of Commerce</a> commented that "no other candidate in 2012 represents a greater threat to free enterprise than Professor Warren".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren nonetheless raised $39 million for her campaign, more than any other Senate candidate in 2012, and showed, according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, "that it was possible to run against the big banks without Wall Street money and still win".<sup id="cite_ref-Feared_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feared-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren received a prime-time speaking slot at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 Democratic National Convention</a> on September 5, 2012. She positioned herself as a champion of a beleaguered middle class that "has been chipped, squeezed, and hammered". According to Warren, "People feel like the system is rigged against them. And here's the painful part: They're right. The system is rigged." Warren said Wall Street CEOs "wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs" and that they "still strut around congress, no shame, demanding favors, and acting like we should thank them".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>On January 6, 2017, in an email to supporters, Warren announced that she would be running for a second term as a U.S. senator from Massachusetts, writing, "The people of Massachusetts didn't send me to Washington to roll over and play dead while Donald Trump and his team of billionaires, bigots, and Wall Street bankers crush the working people of our Commonwealth and this country. ... This is no time to quit."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2018 election, Warren defeated Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Diehl" title="Geoff Diehl">Geoff Diehl</a>, 60% to 36%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts</a></div> <p>Warren won a third Senate term,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defeating Republican nominee John Deaton, an attorney,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by 59.6% to 40.4%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3></div> <p>On November 6, 2012, Warren defeated Brown with 53.7% of the vote. She is the first woman ever elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts,<sup id="cite_ref-Globe.Defeats_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globe.Defeats-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current United States Senators">a sitting U.S. Senate</a> that had 20 women senators in office, which was the most in Senate history at the time, following <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2012 United States Senate elections">the November 2012 elections</a>. In December 2012, Warren was assigned a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Senate Banking Committee</a>, which oversees the implementation of Dodd–Frank and other regulation of the banking industry.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> swore Warren in on January 3, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Warren's first Banking Committee hearing in February 2013, she pressed several banking regulators to say when they had last taken a Wall Street bank to trial and said, "I'm really concerned that 'too big to fail' has become 'too big for trial'." Videos of Warren's questioning amassed more than one million views in a matter of days.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a March Banking Committee hearing, Warren asked <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury Department</a> officials why criminal charges were not brought against <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> for <a href="/wiki/HSBC#Money_laundering" title="HSBC">its money laundering practices</a>. Warren compared money laundering to drug possession, saying: "If you're caught with an ounce of cocaine, the chances are good you're going to go to jail ... But evidently, if you launder nearly a billion dollars for drug cartels and violate our international sanctions, your company pays a fine and you go home and sleep in your own bed at night."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2013, Warren sent letters to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> questioning their decisions that settling would be more fruitful than going to court.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in May, saying that students should get "the same great deal that banks get", Warren introduced the Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act, which would allow students to take out government education loans at the same rate that banks pay to borrow from the federal government, 0.75%.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> endorsed her bill, saying: "The only thing wrong with this bill is that [she] thought of it and I didn't".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2014 election cycle, Warren was a top Democratic fundraiser. After the election, Warren was appointed to become the first-ever Strategic Adviser of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee, a position created for her. The appointment added to speculation that Warren would run for president in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/220px--Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="209" data-mwtitle="Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm/Elizabeth_Warren-_A_minimum_wage_job_saved_my_family.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Warren's "A minimum-wage job saved my family" speech at the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Policy_Institute" title="Economic Policy Institute">Economic Policy Institute</a>, November 2015 (3:28)</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 2015, President Obama urged Congress to approve the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, a proposed <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> agreement between the United States and 11 Asian and South American countries.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren criticized the TPP, arguing that the dispute resolution mechanism in the agreement and labor protections for American workers therein were insufficient; her objections were in turn criticized by Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saying "despite the progress we've made since 2008, the biggest banks continue to threaten our economy", in July 2015 Warren, <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> reintroduced the 21st Century <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a>, a modern version of the Banking Act of 1933. The legislation was intended to reduce the American taxpayer's risk in the financial system and the likelihood of future financial crises.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a September 20, 2016, hearing, Warren called on <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Stumpf" title="John Stumpf">John Stumpf</a> to resign, adding that he should be "criminally investigated" over Wells Fargo's <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_account_fraud_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo account fraud scandal">opening of two million checking and credit-card accounts</a> without the customers' consent.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2016, Warren gained a seat on the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>, which <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> called "a high-profile perch on one of the chamber's most powerful committees" that would "fuel speculation about a possible 2020 bid for president".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Boston_Globe_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Boston_Globe-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the debate on Senator <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a>'s nomination for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States attorney general</a> in February 2017, Warren quoted a letter <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> had written Senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> in 1986 when Sessions was nominated for a federal judgeship.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King wrote, "Mr. Sessions has used the awesome power of his office to chill the free exercise of the vote by black citizens in the district he now seeks to serve as a federal judge. This simply cannot be allowed to happen."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senate Republicans voted that by reading the letter from King, Warren had violated <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate,_Rule_XIX" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XIX">Senate Rule 19</a>, which prohibits impugning another senator's character.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prohibited Warren from further participating in the debate on Sessions's nomination, and Warren instead read King's letter while streaming live online.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In rebuking Warren, Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> said on the Senate floor, "She was warned. She was given an explanation. <a href="/wiki/Nevertheless,_she_persisted" title="Nevertheless, she persisted">Nevertheless, she persisted</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McConnell's language became a slogan for Warren and others.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 3, 2017, during Wells Fargo chief executive <a href="/wiki/Timothy_J._Sloan" title="Timothy J. Sloan">Timothy J. Sloan</a>'s appearance before the Senate Banking Committee, Warren called on him to resign, saying, "At best you were incompetent, at worst you were complicit."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 17, 2019, Warren and Representative <a href="/wiki/Al_Lawson" title="Al Lawson">Al Lawson</a> introduced legislation that would make low-income college students eligible for benefits under the <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program</a> (SNAP) according to the College Student Hunger Act of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, Warren was named a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Biden_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden Administration">Biden Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren was at the Capitol to participate in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">2021 United States Electoral College vote count</a> when Trump supporters <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">attacked the Capitol</a>. She called it an "attempted <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> and act of insurrection egged on by a corrupt president to overthrow our democracy", and the perpetrators "domestic terrorists."<sup id="cite_ref-Levulis_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levulis-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day after the attack, Warren joined the entire Massachusetts Congressional delegation to call for Trump's immediate removal from office through the invocation of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> or impeachment.<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR1721_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR1721-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren was rated among the top 10 most popular senators in an April 2024 poll by Morning Consult.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election">Role in the 2016 presidential election</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Warren_Manchester_NH_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>Warren stumps for <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>, October 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>In the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, supporters put Warren forward as a possible presidential candidate, but she repeatedly said she would not run for president in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2013, she joined the other 15 women Democratic senators in signing a letter that encouraged <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> to run.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was much speculation about Warren being added to the Democratic ticket as a vice-presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 9, 2016, after the <a href="/wiki/2016_California_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2016 California Democratic presidential primary">California Democratic primary</a>, Warren formally endorsed Clinton for president. In response to questions when she endorsed Clinton, Warren said that she believed herself to be ready to be vice president, but she was not being vetted.<sup id="cite_ref-endorsesclinton_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endorsesclinton-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 7, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that Warren was on a five-person <a href="/wiki/Short_list" title="Short list">short list</a> to be Clinton's <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-endorsesclinton_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endorsesclinton-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton eventually chose <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a>. </p><p>Until her June endorsement, Warren was neutral during the Democratic primary but made public statements that she was cheering <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> on.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, Warren endorsed and campaigned for Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She called <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, the presumptive Republican nominee, dishonest, uncaring, and "a loser".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pocahontas_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pocahontas-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current">Current</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Committee on Armed Services</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Emerging_Threats_and_Capabilities" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities">Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Personnel" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel">Subcommittee on Personnel</a> (chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_Economic_Policy" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy">Subcommittee on Economic Policy</a> (chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_Financial_Institutions_and_Consumer_Protection" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection">Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Banking_Subcommittee_on_Securities,_Insurance,_and_Investment" title="United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment">Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Committee on Finance</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Finance_Subcommittee_on_Health_Care" title="United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Health Care">Subcommittee on Health Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Finance_Subcommittee_on_Social_Security,_Pensions,_and_Family_Policy" title="United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy">Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Finance_Subcommittee_on_Taxation_and_IRS_Oversight" title="United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight">Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">Special Committee on Aging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Previous">Previous</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Committee on Energy and Natural Resources</a> (2015-2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a> (2013-2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence,_MA_-_47108769091_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg/220px-Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg/330px-Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg/440px-Announcement_Day_-_Lawrence%2C_MA_-_47108769091_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3845" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Warren while formally declaring her candidacy in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a> on February 9, 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <p>At a <a href="/wiki/Town_hall_meeting" title="Town hall meeting">town hall meeting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke, Massachusetts</a>, on September 29, 2018, Warren said she would "take a hard look" at running for president in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 United States elections</a> concluded.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 31, 2018, Warren announced that she was forming an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> to run for president.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 9, 2019, Warren officially announced her candidacy at a rally in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a>, at the site of the 1912 <a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread and Roses strike">Bread and Roses strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A longtime critic of President Trump, Warren called him a "symptom of a larger problem [that has resulted in] a rigged system that props up the rich and powerful and kicks dirt on everyone else".<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren staged her first campaign event in Lawrence to demonstrate the constituency groups she hopes to appeal to, including <a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a> families, union members, women, and new immigrants. She called for major changes in government: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It won't be enough to just undo the terrible acts of this administration. We can't afford to just tinker around the edges—a tax credit here, a regulation there. Our fight is for big, structural change. This is the fight of our lives. The fight to build an America where dreams are possible, an America that works for everyone.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNkickoff_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNkickoff-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following her candidacy announcement, Warren became known for the number and depth of her policy proposals, including plans to assist family farms by addressing the advantages held by large agricultural conglomerates, plans to reduce student loan debt and offer free tuition at public colleges, a plan to make large corporations pay more in taxes and better regulate large technology companies, several proposals inspired by opposition to President Trump, a plan to utilize <a href="/wiki/Economic_patriotism" title="Economic patriotism">economic patriotism</a>, and plans to address <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioid</a> addiction.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Can_Elizabeth_Warren_Win_It_All_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Can_Elizabeth_Warren_Win_It_All-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of her signature plans was a <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, dubbed the "Ultra-Millionaire Tax", on fortunes over $50 million.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren was credited with popularizing the idea of a wealth tax with Americans, leading competitor Bernie Sanders to release a wealth tax plan.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I have a plan for that" began to develop as a catchphrase for Warren's campaign, and her campaign store began selling merchandise displaying the phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the ninth debate of the 2020 Democratic primaries, on February 19, Warren received considerable media coverage for her scolding of fellow candidate <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Mike Bloomberg</a>. She criticized Bloomberg's non-transparent tax records, recently publicized claims of misogyny and sexism toward women, and history of <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">redlining</a> poor neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren then pressed Bloomberg about the <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a> some of female associates are bound by, demanding they be nullified so that the women could come forward and share their experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After several defeats at the polls, including the Democratic primary in Massachusetts, Warren ended her campaign on March 5, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polls">Polls</h3></div> <p>In early June 2019, Warren placed second in some polls, with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in first place and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> in third.<sup id="cite_ref-Can_Elizabeth_Warren_Win_It_All_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Can_Elizabeth_Warren_Win_It_All-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following weeks her poll numbers steadily increased, and a September Iowa poll placed her in the lead with 22% to Biden's 20%. The Iowa poll also rated the number of voters at least considering voting for each candidate; Warren scored 71% to Biden's 60%. Poll respondents also gave her a higher "enthusiasm" rating, with 32% of her backers extremely enthusiastic to Biden's 22%.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An October 24 <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinnipiac poll">Quinnipiac poll</a> placed Warren in the lead at 28%, with Biden at 21% and Sanders at 15%. When asked which candidate had the best policy ideas, 30% of respondents named Warren, with Sanders at 20% and Biden 15%. Sanders was most often named as the candidate who "cares most about people like you," with Warren in second place and Biden third. Sanders also placed first at 28% when respondents were asked which candidate was the most honest, followed by Warren and Biden at 15% each.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_(47833189012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/-selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg/220px--selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/-selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg/330px--selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/-selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg/440px--selfie_line_for_Elizabeth_Warren_%2847833189012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3652" data-file-height="2739" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> line for Elizabeth Warren after a May 19, 2019, campaign event in <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua, New Hampshire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Los Angeles Times</i> reported that of the front-runners in the presidential race, only Sanders and Warren have previously won an election with almost exclusively small online contributions, and that no presidential primary in recent history has had two of the top three candidates refuse to use bundlers or hold private fundraisers with wealthy donors.<sup id="cite_ref-small_donors_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small_donors-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2019, Warren said that she took no PAC money.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2019, Warren announced that her campaign would not accept contributions of more than $200 from executives at banks, large tech companies, private equity firms, or hedge funds, in addition to her previous refusal to accept donations of over $200 from fossil fuel or pharmaceutical executives.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the third quarter of 2019, Warren's campaign raised $24.6 million, just less than the $25.3 million Sanders's campaign raised and well ahead of Joe Biden, the front-runner in the polls, who raised $15.2 million. Warren's average donation was $26; Sanders's was $18.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, Warren began accepting support from <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee#Super_PACs" title="Political action committee">Super PACs</a>, after failing to convince other Democratic presidential candidates to join her in disavowing them.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_appearances">Public appearances</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City,_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg/220px-New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg/330px-New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg/440px-New_York_City%2C_NY_Corruption_Speech_-_49641300352.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6601" data-file-height="4401" /></a><figcaption>A crowd of 20,000 attended Warren's rally in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of September 2019, Warren had attended 128 town halls. She is known for remaining afterward to talk with audience members and for the large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">selfies</a> she has taken with them.<sup id="cite_ref-small_donors_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small_donors-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 17, over 20,000 people attended a Warren rally at New York City's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a>. After her speech long lines formed with people waiting as long as four hours for selfies.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">impeachment trial of Donald Trump</a>, Warren was unable to make final campaign stops in person and opted to send her dog, <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Warren" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailey Warren">Bailey Warren</a>, to meet with voters in Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice-presidential_speculation">Vice-presidential speculation</h3></div> <p>In June 2020, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that Warren was among the top four vice-presidential choices for Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, along with Mayor <a href="/wiki/Keisha_Lance_Bottoms" title="Keisha Lance Bottoms">Keisha Lance Bottoms</a>, Representative <a href="/wiki/Val_Demings" title="Val Demings">Val Demings</a>, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> was officially announced as Biden's running mate on August 11, 2020. On August 13, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that Warren was one of Biden's four finalists along with Harris, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late April, <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> reported that big-money donors were pressuring Biden not to choose Warren, preferring other candidates purportedly on his list, such as Harris, Whitmer, and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>Warren and her first husband divorced in 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-Unwinding_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tenthings_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two years later, Warren married law professor <a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._Mann" title="Bruce H. Mann">Bruce H. Mann</a> on July 12, 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but kept her first husband's surname.<sup id="cite_ref-tenthings_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren has three grandchildren through her daughter Amelia.<sup id="cite_ref-family_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-family-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 23, 2020, Warren announced on Twitter that her eldest brother, Don Reed Herring, had died of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> two days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 1, 2021, she announced that her brother, John Herring, had died of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019, according to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes Magazine</a>, Warren's net worth was $12 million.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">Political positions of Elizabeth Warren</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloward%E2%80%93Piven_strategy" title="Cloward–Piven strategy">Cloward–Piven strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_childlessness" title="Voluntary childlessness">Voluntary childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brinton" title="Sam Brinton">Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haben_Girma" title="Haben Girma">Girma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jenkins" title="Andrea Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Mahogany" title="Honey Mahogany">Mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Kate_Dale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauren Kate Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre#MoveOn_and_political_commentary" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Jean-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Kasparian" title="Ana Kasparian">Kasparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Marsh" title="Jeffrey Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffals" title="Keffals">Sorrenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Finke" title="Leigh Finke">Finke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama (Barack)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Obama (Michelle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">AMLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft"> Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson (Woodrow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooked_Media" title="Crooked Media">Crooked Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive era">Progressive era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_(47967853656).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg/220px-Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg/330px-Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg/440px-Ace_Hotel_NY_Grassroots_Donor_Pop_Up_%2847967853656%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4542" data-file-height="3028" /></a><figcaption>Warren with a supporter wearing a "Warren has a plan for that" T-shirt. The phrase became an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">internet meme</a> during her presidential run.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Warren is widely regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a>. In 2012, the British magazine <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> named Warren among the "top 20 U.S. progressives".<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren supports worker representation on corporations' board of directors, breaking up monopolies, stiffening sentences for white-collar crime, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Health_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Health Care Act">Medicare for All</a> plan to provide health insurance for all Americans, and a higher minimum wage.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren was highly critical of the Trump administration. She expressed concerns over what she says were Trump's conflicts of interest. The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Conflicts_of_Interest_Act" title="Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act">Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act</a>, written by Warren, was first read in the Senate in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-s65-sentate_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s65-sentate-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Independent_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Independent-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren was highly critical of Trump's immigration policies. In 2018, she called for abolishing <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE).<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren has criticized U.S. involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a> in support of Yemen's government against the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2019, Warren criticized Trump's decision to withdraw <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S. troops from Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>. She agreed that U.S. troops should be withdrawn from Syria and Afghanistan but said such withdrawals should be part of a "coordinated" plan formed with U.S. allies.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2019, after reading the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a>, Warren called on the House of Representatives to begin impeachment proceedings against Trump, saying, "The Mueller report lays out facts showing that a hostile foreign government attacked our 2016 election to help Donald Trump and Donald Trump welcomed that help. Once elected, Donald Trump obstructed the investigation into that attack."<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the June 24, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">ruling</a> in which the Supreme Court overturned <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i>, Warren wrote a <i>New York Times</i> op-ed requesting that President Biden unblock "critical resources and authority that states and the federal government can use to meet the surge in demand for reproductive health services".<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Warren voted to advance legislation to codify same-sex marriage into federal law by voting for the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 13, 2023, Warren presented a detailed analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Silicon_Valley_Bank" title="Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank">collapse of Silicon Valley Bank</a> on March 10, 2023, and provided possible solutions to avoid further bank failures, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20230313_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20230313-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren supports a two-state solution to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli-Palestine conflict</a>. In March 2024, she was one of 19 Democratic senators to sign a letter to the Biden administration urging the U.S. to recognize a "nonmilitarized" <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a> after the war in Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry_and_Native_American_claims">Ancestry and Native American claims</h2></div> <p>According to Warren and her brothers, older family members told them during their childhood that they had some <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, she said that "being Native American has been part of my story, I guess, since the day I was born".<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren contributed recipes to a Native American cookbook and identified herself as <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren is not a part of any native tribes and does not hold any tribal citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Warren's first Senate race in 2012, her opponent, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a>, speculated that she had <a href="/wiki/Pretendian" title="Pretendian">fabricated Native ancestry</a> to gain advantage on the employment market and used Warren's ancestry in several attack ads.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wash_Post_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wash_Post-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren has denied that her alleged heritage gave her any advantages in her schooling or her career.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several colleagues and employers (including Harvard) have said her reported ethnic status played no role in her hiring.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1_183-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1995 to 2004, her employer, Harvard Law School, listed her as a Native American in its federal affirmative action forms; Warren later said she was unaware of this.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Washington Post</i> reported that in 1986, Warren identified her race as "American Indian" on a <a href="/wiki/State_Bar_of_Texas" title="State Bar of Texas">State Bar of Texas</a> write-in form used for statistical information gathering, but added that there was "no indication it was used for professional advancement".<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i> investigation found that her reported ethnicity played no role in her rise in the academic legal profession, and concluded there was "clear evidence, in documents and interviews, that her claim to Native American ethnicity was never considered by the Harvard Law faculty, which voted resoundingly to hire her, or by those who hired her to four prior positions at other law schools", and that "Warren was viewed as a white woman by the hiring committees at every institution that employed her".<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2019, Warren apologized for having identified as Native American.<sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout his presidency, former president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> mocked Warren for her assertions of Native American ancestry,<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pejoratively called her "<a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a July 2018 Montana rally, he promised that if he debated Warren, he would pay $1 million to her favorite charity if she took a <a href="/wiki/DNA_test" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA test">DNA test</a> and "it shows you're an Indian".<sup id="cite_ref-politifact.com_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politifact.com-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2018, Warren released an analysis of a DNA test by geneticist <a href="/wiki/Carlos_D._Bustamante" title="Carlos D. Bustamante">Carlos D. Bustamante</a> that found her ancestry to be mostly European but "strongly support[ed] the existence of an unadmixed Native American ancestor", likely "in the range of 6 to 10 generations ago".<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Boston Globe</i>, this puts Warren somewhere between 1/64 and 1/1024 (0.09% to 1.5%) Native American.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1_183-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other geneticists, while not disputing the test's validity, found the underlying science "flawed" due to the lack of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> in the database.<sup id="cite_ref-NotNorthAmericanNative_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotNorthAmericanNative-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geneticists <a href="/wiki/Krystal_Tsosie" title="Krystal Tsosie">Krystal Tsosie</a> and Matthew Anderson called the interpretation of the test "problematic", citing, among other reasons, "Warren's motives, and the genetic variants informing the comparison". They added: "because Bustamante used Indigenous individuals from Central and South America as a reference group to compare Warren's DNA, we believe he should have stated only that Warren potentially had an 'Indigenous' ancestor 6-10 generations ago, not conclusively a 'Native American' one. The distinction might seem hypercritical to most, but to the sovereign tribal nations of the United States it's an important one."<sup id="cite_ref-TsosieMatthews_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TsosieMatthews-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After publicizing Bustamante's interpretation of the test, Warren asked Trump to donate the money to the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Women%27s_Health_Education_Resource_Center" title="Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center">National Indigenous Women's Resource Center</a>. Trump responded: "I didn't say that. I think you better read it again".<sup id="cite_ref-politifact.com_196-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politifact.com-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a> criticized Warren, saying, "Using a DNA test to lay claim to any connection to the Cherokee Nation or any tribal nation, even vaguely, is inappropriate and wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1_183-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_1-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>, "Warren's past claims of American Indian ancestry garnered fierce criticism from both sides of the aisle", with "tribal leaders calling out Warren for claiming a heritage she did not culturally belong to."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_195-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a January 2019 public appearance in <a href="/wiki/Sioux_City,_Iowa" title="Sioux City, Iowa">Sioux City, Iowa</a>, Warren was asked by an attendee, "Why did you undergo the DNA testing and give Donald more fodder to be a bully?" She responded in part, "I am not a <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">person of color</a>; I am not a citizen of a tribe. Tribal citizenship is very different from ancestry. Tribes, and only tribes, determine tribal citizenship, and I respect that difference."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later privately contacted leadership of the Cherokee Nation to apologize "for furthering confusion over issues of tribal sovereignty and citizenship and for any harm her announcement caused". Cherokee Nation executive director of communications Julie Hubbard said that Warren understands "that being a Cherokee Nation tribal citizen is rooted in centuries of culture and laws not through DNA tests".<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren apologized again in August 2019 before a Native American Forum in Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019, Warren received a standing ovation during a surprise visit to a Native American conference, where she was introduced by freshman Representative <a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a>), one of the first two Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haaland endorsed Warren for president in July 2019, calling her "a great partner for <a href="/wiki/Indian_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Country">Indian Country</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Warren_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption>Warren at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100"><i>Time</i> 100</a> Gala</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2009, <i>The Boston Globe</i> named Warren the Bostonian of the Year,<sup id="cite_ref-Bostonian-2009_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bostonian-2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Bar_Association_of_Massachusetts" title="Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts">Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts</a> honored her with the <a href="/wiki/Lelia_J._Robinson" title="Lelia J. Robinson">Lelia J. Robinson</a> Award.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Law_Journal" title="The National Law Journal">The National Law Journal</a></i> has repeatedly named Warren one of the Fifty Most Influential Women Attorneys in America,<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2010 named her one of the 40 most influential attorneys of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2009, Warren became the first professor in Harvard's history to win the law school's Sacks–Freund Teaching Award for a second time.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, she delivered the commencement address at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Law_School" title="Rutgers Law School">Rutgers Law School</a>, her alma mater, and received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree and membership in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Coif" title="Order of the Coif">Order of the Coif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Warren was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Hall_of_Fame" title="Oklahoma Hall of Fame">Oklahoma Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2012, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> magazine named her one of the "top 20 U.S. progressives".<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren was named one of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 Most Influential People in the World</a> in 2009, 2010, 2015, and 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month" title="Women's History Month">Women's History Month</a> theme in the United States was "Nevertheless, She Persisted: Honoring Women Who Fight All Forms of Discrimination Against Women", referring to McConnell's remark about Warren.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <ul><li>Warren has appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary films</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Maxed_Out" title="Maxed Out">Maxed Out</a></i> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Capitalism:_A_Love_Story" title="Capitalism: A Love Story">Capitalism: A Love Story</a></i> (2009), <i><a href="/wiki/Heist:_Who_Stole_the_American_Dream%3F" title="Heist: Who Stole the American Dream?">Heist: Who Stole the American Dream?</a></i> (2011), and <i><a href="/wiki/Makers:_Women_Who_Make_America" title="Makers: Women Who Make America">Makers: Women Who Make America</a></i> (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Variety_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variety-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Kate_McKinnon" title="Kate McKinnon">Kate McKinnon</a> played Warren on <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>. McKinnon continued her impression of Warren in 2019 and 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the March 7, 2020, episode, Warren appeared as herself in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_open" title="Cold open">cold open</a> alongside McKinnon's impression of her, and together they <a href="/wiki/Live_from_New_York,_it%27s_Saturday_Night!" title="Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!">opened the show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, Warren wrote the entry on <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> for that year's <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100"><i>Time</i> 100</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Warren's popularity is the basis of a wide array of <a href="/wiki/Merchandise" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandise">merchandise</a> sold in her name, much of which incorporates <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a>'s remark "<a href="/wiki/Nevertheless,_she_persisted" title="Nevertheless, she persisted">Nevertheless, she persisted</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including an <a href="/wiki/Action_figure" title="Action figure">action figure</a> of Warren.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Musician <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mann_(musician)" title="Jonathan Mann (musician)">Jonathan Mann</a> has written songs about Warren, including "She Persisted".<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_influence_and_protégés"><span id="Political_influence_and_prot.C3.A9g.C3.A9s"></span>Political influence and protégés</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_national_politics">Influence on national politics</h3></div> <p>Warren has been described as a national "liberal standard-bearer"<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a "standard-bearer" for progressivism.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2024 book <i>The Rebels: Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and the Struggle for a New American Politics</i>, Joshua Green cites Warren as a major figure in shaping the Democratic Party's embrace of more leftward politics in the dozen years after the Great Recession. Green considers Warren to have demonstrated "a new way" approach in national politics, whereby politicians engage in "big, loud, messy fights that offered moral clarity and galvanized public sentiment behind a position." He credited this approach for enabling Warren to "take on her own party".<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren herself had previously boasted about being a "thorn" to the Obama administration, taking pride in her willingness to be combative with the administration's major economic officials and occasionally voice public disagreement with Obama's positions.<sup id="cite_ref-influencerises_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influencerises-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fellow journalist <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stelter" title="Brian Stelter">Brian Stelter</a> concurred with Green's analysis that Warren (as well as Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio–Cortez) had "helped lead an economic 'backlash' to the 2008 financial crisis that pulled the [Democratic] party leftward."<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2016 election of Donald Trump placed the national Democratic Party in a political wilderness as both the opposition to the president and the minority party in both chambers of the Congress, many commenters saw Warren as one of the de facto leading figures in a party that lacked a clear singular post-Obama leader.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columnists such as Perry Bacon Jr. of <i>The Washington Post</i> have written that ideas Warren promoted during her presidential campaign have had some influence on the Biden administration's agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2021, Jeff Bridgood observed that the administration appeared more receptive to Warren's input than the Obama administration had been, reflecting how the party had become more in line with her political philosophy than it had been when she first rose to political prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-influencerises_237-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influencerises-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Biden administration, Warren has continued to be a prominent voice within her party.<sup id="cite_ref-McCammondCai_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCammondCai-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protégés"><span id="Prot.C3.A9g.C3.A9s"></span>Protégés</h3></div> <p>Warren has mentored several people who have gone on to hold notable political office. U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Katie_Porter" title="Katie Porter">Katie Porter</a>, a former law student of hers, is considered her protégée.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porter co-chaired Warren's presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of Warren's political protégées is <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Wu" title="Michelle Wu">Michelle Wu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">mayor of Boston</a>), who was a law student of hers and worked on her 2012 Senate campaign before running for Boston City Council herself in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Sheriff%27s_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffolk County Sheriff's Department">Suffolk County Sheriff</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Tompkins" title="Steven W. Tompkins">Steven W. Tompkins</a> also got his start in politics working on Warren's 2012 campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his law school studies, former U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy III</a> considered Warren a mentor.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Council" title="Boston City Council">Boston City Council</a> president <a href="/wiki/Ruthzee_Louijeune" title="Ruthzee Louijeune">Ruthzee Louijeune</a> has also been described as a Warren protégée<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as senior counsel to Warren's presidential campaign before running for city council.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_appointments_in_Democratic_presidential_administrations">Influence on appointments in Democratic presidential administrations</h3></div> <p>Warren strongly believes that "personnel is policy": that the policy of a presidency is shaped by who a president appoints to their administration.<sup id="cite_ref-influencerises_237-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influencerises-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCammondCai_241-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCammondCai-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has influenced President Obama, 2016 Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, and President Biden on the matter of staffing presidential administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-influencerises_237-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influencerises-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pressuring_of_Hillary_Clinton_before_the_2016_election">Pressuring of Hillary Clinton before the 2016 election</h4></div> <p>Warren discreetly engaged in an effort to shape the administration Hillary Clinton would lead if she won the 2016 election. In his 2024 book, Stern noted that after Warren (bullish on her own 2016 prospects of winning a presidential election) had declined grassroots efforts to draft her into a candidacy. Recognizing that Clinton stood of becoming the party's nominee, Warren quietly worked to influence how she might staff an administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Alex Thompson reported in <i>Politico</i> on Warren's efforts ahead of the 2016 election to pressure Clinton on potential appointees. Thompson described Warren's theory on political power as "combining tough, often hyperbolic rhetoric to create leverage with quieter, hands-on, person-to-person outreach." He reported that, beginning in December 2014, Warren had discreetly "pressed Clinton to commit to not appointing Wall Street-friendly people to her administration, as Warren felt Bill Clinton and Barack Obama had done." He described this effort as a </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Two-year campaign by Warren, her staff and outside allies to push, prod and shape the would-be Clinton administration—an effort that also included an informal blacklist of Clinton allies that Warren and outside partners would resist if nominated for jobs in the Clinton administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Thompson reported that Warren had also "sent Clinton a list of people she wanted the campaign team to consult on economic policy in order to broaden their horizons", all of whom had been "critical of the Obama administration's response to the financial crisis, as Warren had." Thompson reported that Clinton and her political advisors gave great deference to Warren's advice, both out of concern that Warren might otherwise challenge Clinton in the primary, but also due to "Warren’s credibility among progressives and her willingness to use her <a href="/wiki/Bully_pulpit" title="Bully pulpit">bully pulpit</a> to condemn members of her own party."<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_249-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biden_administration">Biden administration</h4></div> <p>Warren has had notable success in lobbying President Biden on certain appointments in his administration.<sup id="cite_ref-mostinfluentiallvoice_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostinfluentiallvoice-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of Warren's acolytes have served in the Biden administration,<sup id="cite_ref-mostinfluentiallvoice_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostinfluentiallvoice-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Voghtacolytes_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voghtacolytes-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ramamurti" title="Bharat Ramamurti">Bharat Ramamurti</a> (a former economic policy advisor to Warren)<sup id="cite_ref-Voghtacolytes_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voghtacolytes-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Baker" title="Sasha Baker">Sasha Baker</a> (a former senate and campaign policy advisor to Warren on national security).<sup id="cite_ref-mostinfluentiallvoice_250-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostinfluentiallvoice-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the first three weeks of his presidency, Biden had already named four of Warren's campaign and Senate staffers to positions in his administration, among other Warren allies and protégés.<sup id="cite_ref-influencerises_237-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influencerises-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2021, Kara Voght of <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mother Jones</a></i> wrote, "Warren has been a private but constant voice to the Biden administration on personnel decisions." That same month, Zachary Warmbrodt of <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>President Joe Biden is enlisting a small army of [Warren's] former aides and allies to run his government. Warren's expanding network in the upper echelons of the administration includes protégés who helped execute her aggressive oversight of big banks and other corporations as well as friends who share her views of the risks looming on Wall Street. But it goes beyond finance, covering pivotal posts at the Department of Education and even the National Security Council. The Warren recruits mark a victory for the progressive movement, which has supported her yearslong "personnel is policy" campaign to chip away at the dominance of corporate insiders in setting policy for Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-mostinfluentiallvoice_250-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostinfluentiallvoice-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_and_other_works">Books and other works</h2></div> <p>In 2004, Warren and her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Tyagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amelia Tyagi">Amelia Tyagi</a>, wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two-Income_Trap:_Why_Middle-Class_Mothers_and_Fathers_Are_Going_Broke" class="mw-redirect" title="The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke">The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke</a></i>. In the book they state that at that time, a fully employed worker earned less inflation-adjusted income than a fully employed worker had 30 years earlier. Although families spent less at that time on clothing, appliances, and other forms of consumption, the costs of core expenses such as <a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">mortgages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">child care</a> had increased dramatically. According to the authors, the result was that even families with two income earners were no longer able to save and incurred ever greater debt.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article in <i>The New York Times</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Madrick" title="Jeff Madrick">Jeff Madrick</a> said of the book: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> The authors find that it is not the free-spending young or the incapacitated elderly who are declaring bankruptcy so much as families with children ... their main thesis is undeniable. Typical families often cannot afford the high-quality education, health care, and neighborhoods required to be middle class today. More clearly than anyone else, I think, Ms. Warren and Ms. Tyagi have shown how little attention the nation and our government have paid to the way Americans really live.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>In 2005, Warren and <a href="/wiki/David_Himmelstein" title="David Himmelstein">David Himmelstein</a> published a study on <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical bill">medical bills</a><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that found that half of all families filing for bankruptcy did so in the aftermath of a serious medical problem. They say that three-quarters of such families had <a href="/wiki/Medical_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical insurance">medical insurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study was widely cited in <a href="/wiki/Policy_debate" title="Policy debate">policy debates</a>, but some have challenged its methods and offered alternative interpretations of the data, suggesting that only 17% of bankruptcies are directly attributable to medical expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Metropolitan Books</a> published Warren's book <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fighting_Chance_(memoir)" title="A Fighting Chance (memoir)">A Fighting Chance</a></i> in April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <i>Boston Globe</i> review, "the book's title refers to a time she says is now gone, when even families of modest means who worked hard and played by the rules had at a fair shot at the American dream."<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2017, Warren published her 11th book,<sup id="cite_ref-eleven_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eleven-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/This_Fight_Is_Our_Fight" title="This Fight Is Our Fight">This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class</a></i>, in which she explores the plight of the American middle class and argues that the federal government needs to do more to help working families with stronger social programs and increased investment in education.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Publications</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Selected articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarren1987" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (1987). "Bankruptcy Policy". <i>The University of Chicago Law Review</i>. <b>54</b> (3): 775–814. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1599826">10.2307/1599826</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1599826">1599826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Chicago+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Bankruptcy+Policy&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=775-814&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1599826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1599826%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1992" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7461&context=ylj">"The Untenable Case for Repeal of Chapter 11"</a>. <i>The Yale Law Journal</i>. <b>102</b> (2): 437–479. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F796843">10.2307/796843</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/796843">796843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Untenable+Case+for+Repeal+of+Chapter+11&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=437-479&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F796843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F796843%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D7461%26context%3Dylj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1993" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3192&context=mlr">"Bankruptcy Policymaking in an Imperfect World"</a>. <i>Michigan Law Review</i>. <b>92</b> (2): 336–387. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1289668">10.2307/1289668</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1289668">1289668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Bankruptcy+Policymaking+in+an+Imperfect+World&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=336-387&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1289668&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1289668%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.law.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3192%26context%3Dmlr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1997" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ambank71&div=25&id=&page=">"Principled Approach to Consumer Bankruptcy"</a>. <i>American Bankruptcy Law Journal</i>. <b>71</b>: 483.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Bankruptcy+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Principled+Approach+to+Consumer+Bankruptcy&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=483&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fcollection%3Djournals%26handle%3Dhein.journals%2Fambank71%26div%3D25%26id%3D%26page%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1998" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (Fall 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilj.law.indiana.edu/articles/73/73_4_Warren.pdf">"The Bankruptcy Crisis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Law_Journal" title="Indiana Law Journal">Indiana Law Journal</a></i>. <b>73</b> (4): 1079.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Bankruptcy+Crisis&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1079&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filj.law.indiana.edu%2Farticles%2F73%2F73_4_Warren.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenWestbrook2000" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Elizabeth; <a href="/wiki/Jay_Westbrook" title="Jay Westbrook">Westbrook, Jay Lawrence</a> (January 2000). "Financial Characteristics of Businesses in Bankruptcy". <i>American Bankruptcy Law Journal</i>. <b>73</b>: 499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.194750">10.2139/ssrn.194750</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152694691">152694691</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=194750">194750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Bankruptcy+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Financial+Characteristics+of+Businesses+in+Bankruptcy&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=499&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152694691%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D194750%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.194750&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+Jay+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelsteinWarrenThorneWoolhandler2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/David_Himmelstein" title="David Himmelstein">Himmelstein, David U.</a>; Warren, Elizabeth; Thorne, Deborah; <a href="/wiki/Steffie_Woolhandler" title="Steffie Woolhandler">Woolhandler, Steffie J.</a> (2005). "Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy". <i>Health Affairs</i>. Suppl Web Exclusives: W5–63–W5–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhlthaff.w5.63">10.1377/hlthaff.w5.63</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15689369">15689369</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73034397">73034397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=Illness+and+injury+as+contributors+to+bankruptcy&rft.volume=Suppl+Web+Exclusives&rft.pages=W5-63-W5-73&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73034397%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15689369&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fhlthaff.w5.63&rft.aulast=Himmelstein&rft.aufirst=David+U.&rft.au=Warren%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Deborah&rft.au=Woolhandler%2C+Steffie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2007" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich">"The Vanishing Middle Class"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards, John</a>; Crane, Marion; <a href="/wiki/Arne_L._Kalleberg" title="Arne L. Kalleberg">Kalleberg, Arne L.</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich/page/38"><i>Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Press" title="The New Press">The New Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endingpovertyina00edwarich/page/38">38–54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-176-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-176-1"><bdi>978-1-59558-176-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Vanishing+Middle+Class&rft.btitle=Ending+Poverty+in+America%3A+How+to+Restore+the+American+Dream&rft.pages=38-54&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59558-176-1&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fendingpovertyina00edwarich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelsteinThorneWarrenWoolhandler2009" class="citation journal cs1">Himmelstein, David U.; Thorne, Deborah; Warren, Elizabeth; Woolhandler, Steffie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343%2809%2900404-5/fulltext">"Medical bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: Results of a national study"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>122</b> (8): 741–746. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2009.04.012">10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19501347">19501347</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25720725">25720725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+bankruptcy+in+the+United+States%2C+2007%3A+Results+of+a+national+study&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=741-746&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25720725%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19501347&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2009.04.012&rft.aulast=Himmelstein&rft.aufirst=David+U.&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Deborah&rft.au=Warren%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Woolhandler%2C+Steffie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amjmed.com%2Farticle%2FS0002-9343%252809%252900404-5%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asweforgiveourde00sull"><i>As We Forgive Our Debtors: Bankruptcy and Consumer Credit in America</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505578-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505578-8"><bdi>978-0-19-505578-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As+We+Forgive+Our+Debtors%3A+Bankruptcy+and+Consumer+Credit+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505578-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasweforgiveourde00sull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with <a href="/wiki/Teresa_A._Sullivan" title="Teresa A. Sullivan">Teresa A. Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Westbrook" title="Jay Westbrook">Jay Westbrook</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09171-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09171-7"><bdi>978-0-300-09171-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragile+Middle+Class%3A+Americans+in+Debt&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09171-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with Teresa A. Sullivan and Jay Westbrook)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Two-Income_Trap:_Why_Middle-Class_Parents_are_Going_Broke" class="mw-redirect" title="The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Parents are Going Broke"><i>The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Parents are Going Broke</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09090-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09090-7"><bdi>978-0-465-09090-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two-Income+Trap%3A+Why+Middle-Class+Parents+are+Going+Broke&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-465-09090-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with Amelia Warren Tyagi)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allyourworthulti00warr"><i>All Your Worth: The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6988-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6988-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-6988-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Your+Worth%3A+The+Ultimate+Lifetime+Money+Plan&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-6988-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallyourworthulti00warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with Amelia Warren Tyagi)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Casenote Legal Briefs: Commercial Law</i>. Aspen Publishers. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-5827-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-5827-4"><bdi>978-0-7355-5827-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Casenote+Legal+Briefs%3A+Commercial+Law&rft.pub=Aspen+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7355-5827-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with <a href="/wiki/Lynn_M._LoPucki" title="Lynn M. LoPucki">Lynn M. LoPucki</a>, Daniel Keating, Ronald Mann, and Normal Goldenberg)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Law of Debtors and Creditors: Text, Cases, and Problems</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspen Publishers">Aspen Publishers</a>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7626-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7626-1"><bdi>978-0-7355-7626-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Law+of+Debtors+and+Creditors%3A+Text%2C+Cases%2C+and+Problems&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Aspen+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7355-7626-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with Jay Westbrook)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Chapter 11: Reorganizing American Businesses (Essentials)</i>. Aspen Publishers. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7654-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7654-4"><bdi>978-0-7355-7654-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapter+11%3A+Reorganizing+American+Businesses+%28Essentials%29&rft.pub=Aspen+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7355-7654-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Secured Credit: A Systems Approach</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer" title="Wolters Kluwer">Wolters Kluwer</a>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7649-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-7649-0"><bdi>978-0-7355-7649-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secured+Credit%3A+A+Systems+Approach&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7355-7649-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> (with <a href="/wiki/Lynn_M._LoPucki" title="Lynn M. LoPucki">Lynn M. LoPucki</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A_Fighting_Chance_(memoir)" title="A Fighting Chance (memoir)"><i>A Fighting Chance</i></a>. Metropolitan Books. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1627790529" title="Special:BookSources/978-1627790529"><bdi>978-1627790529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fighting+Chance&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1627790529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/This_Fight_Is_Our_Fight:_The_Battle_to_Save_America%27s_Middle_Class_(memoir)" class="mw-redirect" title="This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class (memoir)"><i>This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class</i></a>. Metropolitan Books. 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250120618" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250120618"><bdi>978-1250120618</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Fight+Is+Our+Fight%3A+The+Battle+to+Save+America%27s+Middle+Class&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1250120618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250801029/pinkiepromises"><i>Pinkie Promises</i></a>. Macmillan. 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250801029" title="Special:BookSources/9781250801029"><bdi>9781250801029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinkie+Promises&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781250801029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.macmillan.com%2Fbooks%2F9781250801029%2Fpinkiepromises&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Persist</i>. Metropolitan Books. 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250799241" title="Special:BookSources/9781250799241"><bdi>9781250799241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persist&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781250799241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Women in the United States Senate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GlobeSteep-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeSteep_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeSteep_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbbertLevenson2012" class="citation news cs1">Ebbert, Stephanie; Levenson, Michael (August 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/19/for-professor-warren-a-steep-climb">"For Professor Warren, a steep climb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016105325/https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/19/for-professor-warren-a-steep-climb">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=For+Professor+Warren%2C+a+steep+climb&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft.aulast=Ebbert&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Levenson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Funcategorized%2Fnoprimarytagmatch%2F2012%2F08%2F19%2Ffor-professor-warren-a-steep-climb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-family-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-family_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-family_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbbert2012" class="citation news cs1">Ebbert, Stephanie (October 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404013932/http://archive.boston.com/news/politics/2012/10/24/elizabeth-warren-family/v0IZ9AryRoiaOyY61vKM3O/story.html">"Elizabeth Warren's family"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. 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Here's where they disagree on policy"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304070939/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-bernie-sanders-elizabeth-warren-disagree-on-progressive-policy-2019-11">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Elizabeth Warren launches book tour"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123241/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/us-sen-elizabeth-warren-launches-book-tour/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Warren wins re-election, promptly rips into Trump"</a>. <i>AP News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Sen.+Warren+wins+re-election%2C+promptly+rips+into+Trump&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F7d7f1849c6b443dcbbfc08e87f032506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNkickoff-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNkickoff_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNkickoff_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKrieg2019" class="citation news cs1">Lee, MJ; Krieg, Gregory (February 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html">"Elizabeth Warren kicks off presidential campaign with challenge to super-wealthy – and other Democrats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171408/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/09/politics/elizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+kicks+off+presidential+campaign+with+challenge+to+super-wealthy+%E2%80%93+and+other+Democrats&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Krieg%2C+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F09%2Fpolitics%2Felizabeth-warren-campaign-kickoff-massachusetts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/">"Warren ends 2020 presidential bid after Super Tuesday rout"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDTN" title="WDTN">WDTN</a>. March 5, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306161033/https://www.wdtn.com/news/your-local-election-hq/warren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warren+ends+2020+presidential+bid+after+Super+Tuesday+rout&rft.pub=WDTN&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdtn.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-local-election-hq%2Fwarren-ends-2020-presidential-bid-after-super-tuesday-rout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComments" class="citation web cs1">Comments, Share on Facebook Share on TwitterView. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/05/metro/warren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2/">"Elizabeth Warren beats John Deaton, securing third US Senate term - The Boston Globe"</a>. <i>BostonGlobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BostonGlobe.com&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+beats+John+Deaton%2C+securing+third+US+Senate+term+-+The+Boston+Globe&rft.aulast=Comments&rft.aufirst=Share+on+Facebook+Share+on+TwitterView&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2F2024%2F11%2F05%2Fmetro%2Fwarren-wins-massachusetts-senate-reelection-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/senate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6">"Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren wins third term in US Senate"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. November 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Massachusetts+Democrat+Elizabeth+Warren+wins+third+term+in+US+Senate&rft.date=2024-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsenate-election-warren-deaton-massachusetts-c588a6362c155012fcbce17478c112f6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Globe.Defeats-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Globe.Defeats_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Globe.Defeats_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiermanPhillips2012" class="citation news cs1">Bierman, Noah; Phillips, Frank (November 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110025205/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/11/07/elizabeth-warren-defeats-incumbent-scott-brown-first-mass-woman-senate-hard-race-ends-victory-for-liberalism/i0PsriZIRzoiQPrQtjCxML/story.html">"Elizabeth Warren defeats Scott Brown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/11/07/elizabeth-warren-defeats-incumbent-scott-brown-first-mass-woman-senate-hard-race-ends-victory-for-liberalism/i0PsriZIRzoiQPrQtjCxML/story.html">the original</a> on November 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+defeats+Scott+Brown&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft.aulast=Bierman&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2012%2F11%2F07%2Felizabeth-warren-defeats-incumbent-scott-brown-first-mass-woman-senate-hard-race-ends-victory-for-liberalism%2Fi0PsriZIRzoiQPrQtjCxML%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis2010" class="citation news cs1">Dennis, Brady (August 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/12/AR2010081206356.html">"Elizabeth Warren, likely to head new consumer agency, provokes strong feelings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011221813/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/12/AR2010081206356.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren%2C+likely+to+head+new+consumer+agency%2C+provokes+strong+feelings&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Brady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F08%2F12%2FAR2010081206356.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unwinding-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unwinding_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Packer" title="George Packer">Packer, George</a> (2013). <a href="/wiki/The_Unwinding" title="The Unwinding"><i>The Unwinding, an inner history of the New America</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+Fast+Facts&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F09%2Fus%2Felizabeth-warren-fast-facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24583839/pauline_louise_reed_herring_obituary/">"Pauline Louise Reed Herring Obituary"</a>. <i>The Daily Oklahoman</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Oklahoman&rft.atitle=Pauline+Louise+Reed+Herring+Obituary&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1995-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F24583839%2Fpauline_louise_reed_herring_obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24584356/donald_j_herring_obituary/">"Donald J Herring Obituary"</a>. <i>The Daily Oklahoman</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Oklahoman&rft.atitle=Donald+J+Herring+Obituary&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1997-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F24584356%2Fdonald_j_herring_obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tenthings-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tenthings_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenthings_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenthings_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenthings_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenthings_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110123083816/https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/04/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-elizabeth-warren">"10 Things You Didn't Know About Elizabeth Warren"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren%27s+family+has+mixed+memories+about+heritage&rft.date=2012-09-16&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F09%2F15%2Felizabeth-warren-family-native-american-heritage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilloughLiptak2012" class="citation web cs1">Killough, Ashley; Liptak, Kevin (May 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191008082129/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/08/brown-continues-offense-on-warren-over-native-american-claims/">"Brown continues offense on Warren over Native American claims"</a>. <i>cnn.com</i>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/08/brown-continues-offense-on-warren-over-native-american-claims/">the original</a> on October 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2019</span>. <q>The New England Historic Genealogical Society provided CNN with initial research last week, showing several members of Warren's maternal family claiming Cherokee heritage. The Native American link extends to Warren's great-great-great grandmother O.C. Sarah Smith, who is said to be described as Cherokee in an 1894 marriage license application.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnn.com&rft.atitle=Brown+continues+offense+on+Warren+over+Native+American+claims&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft.aulast=Killough&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Liptak%2C+Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalticker.blogs.cnn.com%2F2012%2F05%2F08%2Fbrown-continues-offense-on-warren-over-native-american-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison2012" class="citation news cs1">Madison, Lucy (May 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/warren-explains-minority-listing-talks-of-grandfathers-high-cheekbones/">"Warren explains minority listing, talks of grandfather's 'high cheekbones'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018082602/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/warren-explains-minority-listing-talks-of-grandfathers-high-cheekbones/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2018</span>. <q>And my Aunt Bea has walked by that picture at least a 1,000 times – remarked that he – that her father, my Papaw – had high cheek bones – 'like all of the Indians do'. Because that's how she saw it and she said 'and your mother got those same great cheek bones and I didn't'. She thought that was the bad deal she had gotten in life. Being Native American has been part of my story, I guess, since the day I was born</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Warren+explains+minority+listing%2C+talks+of+grandfather%27s+%27high+cheekbones%27&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwarren-explains-minority-listing-talks-of-grandfathers-high-cheekbones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanneh2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Sanneh, Kelefa (June 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/elizabeth-warrens-family-ties">"Elizabeth Warren's Family Ties"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804171403/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/elizabeth-warrens-family-ties">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2015</span>. <q>officials involved in her hiring at Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Texas and the University of Houston Law Center all said that she was hired because she was an outstanding teacher, and that her stated ethnicity was either not discussed or not a factor</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Candidate+for+Senate+Defends+Past+Hiring&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.eissn=1553-8095&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine+Q.&rft.au=Goodnough%2C+Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Felizabeth-warrens-ancestry-irrelevant-in-hiring-law-schools-say.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbbert2012" class="citation news cs1">Ebbert, Stephanie (April 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903193315/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/04/30/elizabeth_warren_was_listed_as_a_minority_professor_in_law_directories_in_the_80s_and_90s/">"Directories identified Warren as minority"</a>. 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Now he's waffling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922195622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/15/trump-dared-elizabeth-warren-take-dna-test-prove-her-native-american-ancestry-now-what/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Elizabeth Warren tells a voter why she took that DNA test"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/in-iowa-sen-elizabeth-warren-tells-a-voter-why-she-took-that-dna-test/2019/01/05/818de546-112d-11e9-84fc-d58c33d6c8c7_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+Apologizes+for+DNA+Test%2C+Identifying+as+Native+American&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft.aulast=Jamerson&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Felizabeth-warren-again-apologizes-after-release-of-native-american-ancestry-link-11566241904%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarlo2018" class="citation web cs1">Tarlo, Shira (December 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2019/02/13/elizabeth-warren-receives-standing-ovation-at-surprise-visit-to-native-american-conference-report/">"Elizabeth Warren receives standing ovation at surprise visit to Native American conference: report"</a>. <i>Salon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222115859/https://www.salon.com/2019/02/13/elizabeth-warren-receives-standing-ovation-at-surprise-visit-to-native-american-conference-report/">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) received a standing ovation when she made a surprise appearance Tuesday at a Native American conference ... Warren apologized to the Cherokee Nation earlier this month for releasing a DNA test in an attempt to prove it. It was most recently revealed that Warren listed her race as "American Indian" when she filled out form for the Texas state bar in 1986.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+receives+standing+ovation+at+surprise+visit+to+Native+American+conference%3A+report&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.aulast=Tarlo&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2Felizabeth-warren-receives-standing-ovation-at-surprise-visit-to-native-american-conference-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation news cs1">Lee, MJ (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american-lunch-unannounced-appearance/index.html">"Elizabeth Warren makes unannounced appearance at Native American luncheon in Washington"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103252/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/elizabeth-warren-native-american-lunch-unannounced-appearance/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2019</span>. <q><i>The Washington Post</i> reported that Warren had listed her race as 'American Indian' on a State Bar of Texas registration card in 1986. It marked the first time the claim had been documented in Warren's own handwriting, reignited a debate that had begun quiet down, and prompted yet another apology. 'As Senator Warren has said she is not a citizen of any tribe and only tribes determine tribal citizenship', Kristen Orthman, Warren's spokeswoman, said in a statement. 'She is sorry that she was not more mindful of this earlier in her career.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+makes+unannounced+appearance+at+Native+American+luncheon+in+Washington&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2Fpolitics%2Felizabeth-warren-native-american-lunch-unannounced-appearance%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boston.cbslocal.com/2019/07/31/native-american-congresswoman-endorses-elizabeth-warren-debra-haaland/">"Native American Congresswoman Endorses Elizabeth Warren For President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WBZ-TV" title="WBZ-TV">WBZ-TV</a>, CBS Local Boston</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Where+Are+You+Elizabeth+Warren&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Jonathon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dl7QGaNnB9SM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFandos2024" class="citation web cs1">Fandos, Nicholas (June 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/06/us/politics/jamaal-bowman-elizabeth-warren.html">"Jamaal Bowman Lands Endorsement From Elizabeth Warren"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Suppl Web Exclusives: W5-63-W5-73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.664565">10.2139/ssrn.664565</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15689369">15689369</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43681024">43681024</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=664565">664565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=Illness+and+Injury+as+Contributors+to+Bankruptcy&rft.volume=Suppl+Web+Exclusives&rft.pages=W5-63-W5-73&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15689369&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43681024%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D664565%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.664565&rft.aulast=Himmelstein&rft.aufirst=David+U.&rft.au=Warren%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Deborah&rft.au=Woolhandler%2C+Steffie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2005" class="citation news cs1">Warren, Elizabeth (February 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9447-2005Feb8.html">"Sick and Broke"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. A23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921211612/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9447-2005Feb8.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sick+and+Broke&rft.pages=A23&rft.date=2005-02-09&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA9447-2005Feb8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2009" class="citation news cs1">Langer, Gary (March 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609190828/http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenumbers/2009/03/medical-bankrup.html">"Medical Bankruptcies: A Data-Check"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. The Numbers blog. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenumbers/2009/03/medical-bankrup.html">the original</a> on June 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Medical+Bankruptcies%3A+A+Data-Check&rft.date=2009-03-05&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.abcnews.com%2Fthenumbers%2F2009%2F03%2Fmedical-bankrup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afightingchancebook.com">"A Fighting Chance By Elizabeth Warren"</a>. <i>(book official website)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722063742/https://www.afightingchancebook.com/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28book+official+website%29&rft.atitle=A+Fighting+Chance+By+Elizabeth+Warren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafightingchancebook.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonas2014" class="citation news cs1">Jonas, Michael (April 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2014/04/21/book-review-fighting-chance-elizabeth-warren/0ylVz9NXKr4ViGGi277ZYN/story.html">"Book review: 'A Fighting Chance' by Elizabeth Warren"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813214001/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2014/04/21/book-review-fighting-chance-elizabeth-warren/0ylVz9NXKr4ViGGi277ZYN/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Book+review%3A+%27A+Fighting+Chance%27+by+Elizabeth+Warren&rft.date=2014-04-21&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Farts%2Fbooks%2F2014%2F04%2F21%2Fbook-review-fighting-chance-elizabeth-warren%2F0ylVz9NXKr4ViGGi277ZYN%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrugman2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman, Paul</a> (April 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/books/review/this-fight-is-our-fight-elizabeth-warren.html">"Elizabeth Warren Lays Out the Reasons Democrats Should Keep Fighting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507063906/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/books/review/this-fight-is-our-fight-elizabeth-warren.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+Lays+Out+the+Reasons+Democrats+Should+Keep+Fighting&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.eissn=1553-8095&rft.aulast=Krugman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F18%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthis-fight-is-our-fight-elizabeth-warren.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Elizabeth Warren</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Elizabeth+Warren">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Elizabeth+Warren&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLizza2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Lizza, Ryan (May 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-virtual-candidate">"The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat"</a>. Profiles. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. Vol. 91, no. 11. pp. 34–45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+virtual+candidate%3A+Elizabeth+Warren+isn%27t+running%2C+but+she%27s+Hillary+Clinton%27s+biggest+Democratic+threat&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=34-45&rft.date=2015-05-04&rft.aulast=Lizza&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F05%2F04%2Fthe-virtual-candidate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2013" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, Linette (July 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/warren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7">"Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Warren+Introducing+a+Bill+That+Would+Be+Wall+Street%27s+Worst+Nightmare&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Linette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwarren-bill-to-bring-back-glass-steagall-2013-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Warren" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Elizabeth Warren</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Warren" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Elizabeth Warren">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Warren" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Elizabeth Warren">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" class="extiw" title="q:Elizabeth Warren">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Elizabeth_Ann_Warren" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Elizabeth Ann Warren">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434706" class="extiw" title="d:Q434706">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warren.senate.gov/">U.S. Senate website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elizabethwarren.com/">Campaign website</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000817">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MA00170">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/elizabeth-warren/2182">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/141272">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1023023">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/w/elizabeth_warren/index.html">Elizabeth Warren</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/personalities/elizabeth-warren/">Elizabeth Warren's file</a> at <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_professorial_positions_at_Harvard_Law_School" title="List of professorial positions at Harvard Law School">Leo Gottlieb Professor of Law</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> </b><br />1995–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">James Salzman</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_K._Harper" title="Conrad K. Harper">Conrad Harper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Second Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> </b><br />2000–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Allen Black</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Oversight_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Oversight Panel">Congressional Oversight Panel</a> </b><br />2008–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaufman" title="Ted Kaufman">Ted Kaufman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Special Advisor for the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> </b><br />2010–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Date" title="Raj Date">Raj Date</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coakley" title="Martha Coakley">Martha Coakley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2024</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Most recent</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Keynote Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Stacey Abrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raumesh_Akbari" title="Raumesh Akbari">Raumesh Akbari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">Colin Allred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Boyle" title="Brendan Boyle">Brendan Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yvanna_Cancela" title="Yvanna Cancela">Yvanna Cancela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Clyde" title="Kathleen Clyde">Kathleen Clyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Fried" title="Nikki Fried">Nikki Fried</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(California_politician)" title="Robert Garcia (California politician)">Robert Garcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Kenyatta" title="Malcolm Kenyatta">Malcolm Kenyatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Kimpson" title="Marlon Kimpson">Marlon Kimpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conor_Lamb" title="Conor Lamb">Conor Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari_Manoogian" title="Mari Manoogian">Mari Manoogian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Neave" title="Victoria Neave">Victoria Neave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nez" title="Jonathan Nez">Jonathan Nez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Park" title="Sam Park">Sam Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denny_Ruprecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Denny Ruprecht">Denny Ruprecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_Woodfin" title="Randall Woodfin">Randall Woodfin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Vice Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate">Senate Democratic Conference</a> </b><br />2017–present <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts</a> </b><br />2013–present <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Mo Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as United States Senator</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">United States senators by seniority</a> </b><br />51st </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Deb Fischer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elizabeth_Warren" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elizabeth_Warren" title="Template:Elizabeth Warren"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elizabeth_Warren" title="Template talk:Elizabeth Warren"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth_Warren" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth Warren"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elizabeth_Warren" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Warren</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">from Massachusetts</a> (2013–present)</li> <li>Special Advisor for the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accountable_Capitalism_Act" title="Accountable Capitalism Act">Accountable Capitalism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Change_Campaign_Committee" title="Progressive Change Campaign Committee">Progressive Change Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversight_of_the_Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program#Congressional_Oversight_Panel_(COP)" title="Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program">TARP oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_account_fraud_scandal#Later_government_investigations_and_fines" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo account fraud scandal">Wells Fargo investigations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. Senate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._Mann" title="Bruce H. Mann">Bruce H. Mann</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Warren_Tyagi" title="Amelia Warren Tyagi">Amelia Warren Tyagi</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_(dog)" title="Bailey (dog)">Bailey</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two-Income_Trap" title="The Two-Income Trap">The Two-Income Trap</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fighting_Chance_(memoir)" title="A Fighting Chance (memoir)">A Fighting Chance</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Fight_Is_Our_Fight" title="This Fight Is Our Fight">This Fight Is Our Fight</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nevertheless,_she_persisted" title="Nevertheless, she persisted">Nevertheless, she persisted</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Warren" title="Category:Elizabeth Warren">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Elizabeth_Warren" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Elizabeth_Warren" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Elizabeth Warren</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_the_Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CFPB_Directors" title="Template:CFPB Directors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CFPB_Directors" title="Template talk:CFPB Directors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CFPB_Directors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CFPB Directors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_the_Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Directors of the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Advisor<br /><span class="nobold">2010–2012</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Date" title="Raj Date">Date</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CFPB_logo.svg/250px-CFPB_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CFPB_logo.svg/375px-CFPB_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CFPB_logo.svg/500px-CFPB_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Director<br /><span class="nobold">2012–present</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cordray" title="Richard Cordray">Cordray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Kraninger" title="Kathy Kraninger">Kraninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohit_Chopra" title="Rohit Chopra">Chopra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">United States senators from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Dalton" title="Tristram Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cabot" title="George Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_P._Ashmun" title="Eli P. Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Mellen" title="Prentiss Mellen">Mellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">J. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_A._Smith_II" title="Benjamin A. Smith II">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">E. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">J. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_A._Coolidge" title="Marcus A. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks" title="Sinclair Weeks">S. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massachusetts&#039;s_current_delegation_to_the_United_States_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MA-FedRep" title="Template:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MA-FedRep" title="Template talk:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MA-FedRep" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massachusetts&#039;s_current_delegation_to_the_United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Massachusetts" title="United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts">Massachusetts's current delegation</a> to the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Representatives <br /><span class="nobold">(ordered by district)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Lori Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Jake Auchincloss</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Bill Keating</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_United_States_senators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template talk:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_United_States_senators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Current United States senators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#Constitutional_roles" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) ‧ <b><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alabama" title="List of United States senators from Alabama">AL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville" title="Tommy Tuberville">Tuberville</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Britt" title="Katie Britt">Britt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">AK</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Murkowski</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Sullivan</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">AZ</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Sinema</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Kelly</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arkansas" title="List of United States senators from Arkansas">AR</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">Boozman</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">CA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Padilla</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Butler</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="List of United States senators from Colorado">CO</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Bennet</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Blumenthal</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">DE</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Coons</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Florida" title="List of United States senators from Florida">FL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">R. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">GA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">HI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Hirono</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Crapo</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Risch</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Duckworth</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Indiana" title="List of United States senators from Indiana">IN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Young</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Braun</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">IA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Ernst</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moran" title="Jerry Moran">Moran</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Marshall" title="Roger Marshall">Marshall</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">LA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)">Kennedy</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maine" title="List of United States senators from Maine">ME</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Collins</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">King</a> (I)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Cardin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Hollen" title="Chris Van Hollen">Van Hollen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">MI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Klobuchar</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Smith" title="Tina Smith">Smith</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Mississippi" title="List of United States senators from Mississippi">MS</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Wicker</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Hyde-Smith" title="Cindy Hyde-Smith">Hyde-Smith</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Montana" title="List of United States senators from Montana">MT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Daines</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Fischer</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Ricketts" title="Pete Ricketts">Ricketts</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Cortez Masto</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Rosen" title="Jacky Rosen">Rosen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Shaheen</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">Hassan</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States senators from New Jersey">NJ</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Helmy" title="George Helmy">Helmy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Mexico" title="List of United States senators from New Mexico">NM</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Heinrich</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Ray_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Ben Ray Luján">Luján</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">NC</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Tillis</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Budd" title="Ted Budd">Budd</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Cramer</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">OH</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Brown</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States senators from Oklahoma">OK</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">Lankford</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Mullin</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oregon" title="List of United States senators from Oregon">OR</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">PA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Casey</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island" title="List of United States senators from Rhode Island">RI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">Whitehouse</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">T. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds">Rounds</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Hagerty</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">TX</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Utah" title="List of United States senators from Utah">UT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Lee</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Welch</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Warner</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Washington" title="List of United States senators from Washington">WA</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Manchin</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Capito</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">WI</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wyoming" title="List of United States senators from Wyoming">WY</a>:</b></div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Lummis</a> (R)</div></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>: 49</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>: 47</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>: 4</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leadership_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_leaders" title="Template:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_leaders" title="Template talk:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leadership_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leadership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Majority (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Minority (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (Leader and Caucus Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> (Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a> (Policy/Communications Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> (Steering Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Warren</a> (Caucus Vice Chairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (Outreach Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (Policy/Communications Committee Vice Chairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> (Caucus Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a> (Campaign Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Catherine Cortez Masto</a> (Outreach Vice Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Brian Schatz</a> (Caucus Deputy Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (Chief Deputy Whip)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (Leader)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">John Thune</a> (Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">John Barrasso</a> (Conference Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Joni Ernst</a> (Policy Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Shelley Moore Capito</a> (Conference Vice Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Steve Daines</a> (Campaign Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (Steering Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a> (Chief Deputy Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (Senate President pro tempore emeritus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">← 2016</a>) <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D), 306 electoral votes</b>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 232 electoral votes<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_predictions" title="2020 United States presidential election predictions">Predictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">Postal voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_United_States_presidential_electors" title="List of 2020 United States presidential electors">Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#F8F9FA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Oregon" title="Independent Party of Oregon">IPO</a> · <span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">Forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_automatic_delegates_at_the_2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of automatic delegates at the 2020 Democratic National Convention">automatic delegates</a>)</li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_U.S._Congress_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign U.S. Congress endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state & territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Michael Bennet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar" title="Political positions of Amy Klobuchar">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Media coverage of Bernie Sanders">media coverage</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Warren</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker" title="Political positions of Cory Booker">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Delaney (Maryland politician)">John Delaney</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney" title="Political positions of John Delaney">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gleib" title="Ben Gleib">Ben Gleib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">John Hickenlooper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Messam" title="Wayne Messam">Wayne Messam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ojeda" title="Richard Ojeda">Richard Ojeda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a> · <span style="color:#F4C2C2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Incumbent nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">GOP reactions to fraud claims</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Mark Sanford</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mark Sanford 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spike_Cohen" title="Spike Cohen">Spike Cohen</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Monds" title="John Monds">John Monds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before or during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Formed exploratory committee but did not run</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#50C878;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">LMN</a> · <span style="color:#FF3300;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · <span style="color:#CD3700;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">SPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2020 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Walker</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Other third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #385AA3;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#800080;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · <span style="color:#6A287E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Darcy Richardson</b></li> <li><b>AIP VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll" title="Brian T. Carroll">Brian T. Carroll</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #791a52;"><a href="/wiki/Birthday_Party_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday Party (political party)">Birthday Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 Black;"><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread and Roses (political party)">Bread and Roses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a></b><br /><span style="color:#D6FF33;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Union Party">LUP</a> · <span style="color:#00FF00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a> (withdrew)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Independent candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/VoiceoverPete" title="VoiceoverPete">Pete Accetturo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Charles" title="Mark Charles">Mark Charles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brock_Pierce" title="Brock Pierce">Brock Pierce</a> (<span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a> nominee)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jade_Simmons" title="Jade Simmons">Jade Simmons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Caravello" title="Perry Caravello">Perry Caravello</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gable" title="Jeremy Gable">Jeremy Gable</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">during inauguration week</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">U.S. Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment of Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_commission" title="January 6 commission">January 6 commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>reactions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Trump fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Arizona prosecution of fake electors">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Michigan prosecution of fake electors">Michigan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call" title="Trump–Raffensperger phone call">Trump–Raffensperger phone call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed before Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed during or after Election Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Arizona" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Georgia" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Michigan" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Nevada" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Pennsylvania" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Wisconsin" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference" title="Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference">Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election">Voting restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template talk:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Statewide government officials of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/85px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/128px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/170px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">State government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Galvin" title="William F. Galvin">William F. Galvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Campbell" title="Andrea Campbell">Andrea Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Goldberg" title="Deb Goldberg">Deb Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_DiZoglio" title="Diana DiZoglio">Diana DiZoglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">Auditor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">State Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Spilka" title="Karen Spilka">Karen Spilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" title="President of the Massachusetts Senate">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Brownsberger" title="Will Brownsberger">Will Brownsberger</a>, President pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stone_Creem" title="Cynthia Stone Creem">Cynthia Stone Creem</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Tarr" title="Bruce Tarr">Bruce Tarr</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">State House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mariano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Mariano">Ronald Mariano</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Hogan" title="Kate Hogan">Kate Hogan</a>, Speaker pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moran_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Michael Moran (Massachusetts politician)">Mike Moran</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Jones_Jr." title="Bradley Jones Jr.">Bradley Jones</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Supreme Judicial Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a>, Chief Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Frank Gaziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Scott L. Kafker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Dalila Argaez Wendlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Serge Georges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Dewar" title="Bessie Dewar">Bessie Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wolohojian" title="Gabrielle Wolohojian">Gabrielle Wolohojian</a>, Associate Justices</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Massachusetts" title="Political party strength in Massachusetts">Political party strength in Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_113th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_113th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>'s delegation(s) to the 113th–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry"><i>J. Kerry</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan"><i>M. Cowan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark"><i>K. Clark</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E. Warren</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">R. Neal</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/18px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/27px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/35px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/21px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/32px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/42px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" title="Portal:Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434706#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434706#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434706#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084035278">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100323855">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1474538/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8kbvHtpVQdkqPp7dfbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/170523330">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86065316">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14408085j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14408085j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001294489">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Warren, Elizabeth"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20231176143&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p080618006">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000004719&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200402553">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hr3h79ctfwbk89q7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810550203105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269889205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14015810">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01053374?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qfI1aUcAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/elizabeth-warren/18768">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000817">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087238810">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61c2gdv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Warren&oldid=1258075635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Warren&oldid=1258075635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Warren" title="Category:Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></li><li><a 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