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Boris al II-lea al Bulgariei - Wikipedia

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Disponibil în 31 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بوريس التانى ملك بلجاريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوريس التانى ملك بلجاريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Boris" title="II Boris – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Boris" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_II" title="Барыс II – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Барыс II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_II" title="Борис II – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Борис II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_Bugarski" title="Boris II Bugarski – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Boris II Bugarski" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II._Bulharsk%C3%BD" title="Boris II. Bulharský – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boris II. Bulharský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II._(Bulgarien)" title="Boris II. (Bulgarien) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boris II. (Bulgarien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βόρις Β΄ της Βουλγαρίας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρις Β΄ της Βουλγαρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris II of Bulgaria – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Boris II of Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_de_Bulgaria" title="Boris II de Bulgaria – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boris II de Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II" title="Boris II – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boris II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II._Bugarski" title="Boris II. Bugarski – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Boris II. Bugarski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Borisz_bolg%C3%A1r_c%C3%A1r" title="II. Borisz bolgár cár – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Borisz bolgár cár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_dari_Bulgaria" title="Boris II dari Bulgaria – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boris II dari Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_di_Bulgaria" title="Boris II di Bulgaria – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boris II di Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_II" title="ბორის II – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორის II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_2%EC%84%B8" title="보리스 2세 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보리스 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borises_II_(rex_Bulgariae)" title="Borises II (rex Bulgariae) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Borises II (rex Bulgariae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_II" title="Борис II – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Борис II" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_van_Bulgarije" title="Boris II van Bulgarije – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boris II van Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borys_II" title="Borys II – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Borys II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ris_II_da_Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bóris II da Bulgária – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bóris II da Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_II" title="Борис II – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Борис II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II" title="Boris II – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boris II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris II of Bulgaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boris II of Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II._Bolgarski" title="Boris II. Bolgarski – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Boris II. Bolgarski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_II" title="Борис II – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Борис II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_II_av_Bulgarien" title="Boris II av Bulgarien – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boris II av Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Boris" title="II. Boris – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Boris" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_II" title="Борис II – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Борис II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯二世 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲍里斯二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q441182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet regalitate" style="background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Boris al II-lea al Bulgariei</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Boris_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boris_II.jpg/220px-Boris_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boris_II.jpg/330px-Boris_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Boris_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/931" title="931">931 d.Hr.</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Constantinopol" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Imperiul Roman de Răsărit</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/977" title="977">977 d.Hr.</a> (46 de ani) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Părinți</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I al Bulgariei</a><sup id="cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656650" class="extiw" title="d:Q3656650"><span lang="en">Irene Lekapene</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Irene Lekapene</span> (Empress consort of Peter I of Bulgaria)|&#8203;]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P22" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Frați și surori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q561539" class="extiw" title="d:Q561539"><span lang="en">Roman of Bulgaria</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Roman of Bulgaria</span> (Bulgarian ruler)|&#8203;]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23620141" class="extiw" title="d:Q23620141"><span lang="en">Prince Plenimir of Bulgaria</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Prince Plenimir of Bulgaria</span> (Bulgarian prince (born between 931 and 944))|&#8203;]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P3373" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304859" class="extiw" title="d:Q2304859">suveran</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suveran_(persoan%C4%83_cu_autoritate_suprem%C4%83_%C3%AEntr-un_stat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suveran (persoană cu autoritate supremă într-un stat) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441182#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Apartenență nobiliară</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Familie nobiliară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8559999" class="extiw" title="d:Q8559999">Dinastia Krum</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Krum_(Bulgarian_royal_family)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Krum (Bulgarian royal family) — pagină 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.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Boris al II-lea</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_bulgar%C4%83" title="Limba bulgară">bulgară</a> <span lang="bg" style="font-style:italic">Борис II</span>), (n. <a href="/wiki/931" title="931">931 d.Hr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinopol" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_R%C4%83s%C4%83rit" title="Imperiul Roman de Răsărit">Imperiul Roman de Răsărit</a>&#160;– d. <a href="/wiki/977" title="977">977 d.Hr.</a>) a fost împăratul (<a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aar" title="Țar">țarul</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Bulgariei" class="mw-redirect" title="Țaratul Bulgariei">Bulgariei</a> în perioada 969 - 977 (în captivitate bizantină din anul 971). Boris al II-lea a fost fiul lui <a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I al Bulgariei</a> (dinastia <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Biografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boris al II-lea a fost cel mai mare fiu supraviețuitor al împăratului <a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I al Bulgariei</a> și al Mariei (redenumită Eirene) Lekapena, o nepoată a împăratului <a href="/wiki/Roman_I_Lecapenos" title="Roman I Lecapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> din Bizanț. Boris s-a născut în 931, când mama sa a vizitat <a href="/wiki/Constantinopol" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopolul</a>. </p><p>Nimic altceva nu se cunoaște din viața lui Boris al II-lea până în 968, când a plecat din nou la Constantinopol pentru a negocia o soluționare a păcii cu împăratul <a href="/wiki/Nicefor_al_II-lea_Focas" title="Nicefor al II-lea Focas">Nicefor al II-lea Focas</a>, și se pare că a servit ca ostatic onorific din partea împăratului <a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I</a>. Acest aranjament avea scopul de a pune capăt <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Bulgare" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Bulgare">conflictului dintre Bulgaria și Bizanț</a>, pentru aș uni acum forțele împotriva prințului <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I_al_Kievului" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviatoslav I al Kievului">Sviatoslav I al Kievului</a>, pe care împăratul bizantin l-a pus anterior să atace ținuturile bulgarilor. În 969, o nouă invazie Kieveană a provocat înfrângerea bulgarilor din nou, iar Petru I a suferit un atac cerebral, ceea ce l-a determinat să abdice și să devină călugăr. A murit la 30 ianuarie 970. În circumstanțe care nu sunt deloc clare, lui Boris al II-lea i-a fost permis să se întoarcă în Bulgaria și să se așeze pe tronul tatălui său. (<i>Cronica bizantină ulterioară a lui <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Skylitzes" title="Ioan Skylitzes">Ioan Skylitzes</a> face confuzie între acest lucru cu un alt eveniment ulterior, în care Boris și fratele său au scăpat de la Constantinopol după așa-numita rebeliune a fraților <a href="/wiki/Comitopuli" title="Comitopuli">Comitopuli</a> din vestul Bulgariei, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(regiune)" title="Macedonia (regiune)">Macedonia</a>.</i>) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Returns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Returns.jpg/300px-Returns.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Returns.jpg/450px-Returns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Returns.jpg/600px-Returns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption> Împăratul bizantin <a href="/wiki/Ioan_I_Tzimiskes" title="Ioan I Tzimiskes">Ioan I Tzimiskes</a> revine în triumf la Constantinopol împreună cu Boris al II-lea și icoana din <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Boris al II-lea nu a reușit să oprească avansul trupelor kievene și a fost nevoit să-l accepte pe Sviatoslav al Kievului ca aliat și stăpân, întorcându-se împotriva bizantinilor. O campanie kieveană în Tracia bizantină a fost învinsă la Arcadiopolis în 970, iar noul împărat bizantin <a href="/wiki/Ioan_I_Tzimiskes" title="Ioan I Tzimiskes">Ioan I Tzimiskes</a> a înaintat spre nord. Nereușind să asigure apărarea trecătorilor din Balcani, Sviatoslav le-a permis bizantinilor să pătrundă în Moesia și să asedieze capitala bulgară Preslav. Cu toate că bulgarii și rușii și-au unit forțele în apărarea orașului, bizantinii au reușit să dea foc clădirilor și acoperișurilor din lemn cu proiectile incendiare și au cucerit fortăreața. Boris al II-lea a ajuns acum un prizonier al lui <a href="/wiki/Ioan_I_Tzimiskes" title="Ioan I Tzimiskes">Ioan I Tzimiskes</a>, care a continuat să-i urmărească pe ruși, au asediat pe cneazul Sviatoslav în Drăstăr (<a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>), în timp ce a pretins că acționează ca aliat și protector al lui Boris și tratând monarhul bulgar cu respectul cuvenit. După ce Sviatoslav a fost de acord cu condițiile bizantinilor și a plecat spre Kiev, împăratul bizantin s-a întors la Constantinopol în triumf. Departe de a elibera Bulgaria, așa cum a pretins, Ioan l-a adus pe Boris al II-lea împreună cu familia sa, cu tot tezaurul imperial bulgar, în 971. Într-o ceremonie publică de la Constantinopol, Boris al II-lea a cedat ritual însemnele sale imperiale și i s-a acordat drept compensație titlul de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magistros&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magistros — pagină inexistentă">magistros</a></i> bizantin. Ținuturile bulgare din Tracia și Moesia inferioară au devenit acum parte a Imperiului Bizantin și au fost puse sub conducerea unor guvernatori bizantini. </p><p>Cu toate că ceremonia din 971 a fost gândită ca o încheiere simbolică a existenței Imperiului Bulgar, bizantinii nu au putut să preia controlul asupra provinciilor vestice din Bulgaria (în Macedonia). Acestea au rămas sub stăpânirea propriilor guvernatori, în special o familie nobilă condusă de patru frați numiți <a href="/wiki/Comitopuli" title="Comitopuli">Comitopuli</a> (adică „fiii contelui”), numiți David, Moise, Aron și <a href="/wiki/Samuil_al_Bulgariei" title="Samuil al Bulgariei">Samuil</a>. Acest lucru a fost văzut ca o „revoltă” de către împăratul bizantin, dar se pare că aceștia se considerau ca un fel de regență pentru captivul Boris al II-lea. În timp au început să atace teritoriile vecine de sub stăpânire bizantină, astfel că guvernul bizantin a recurs la o stratagemă menită să compromită conducerea acestei „revolte”. Astfel i s-a permis lui Boris al II-lea și fratelui său <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Roman al Bulgariei</a> să scape din captivitatea lor onorifică de la curtea bizantină, în speranța că sosirea lor în Bulgaria ar provoca o diviziune între <a href="/wiki/Comitopuli" title="Comitopuli">Comitopuli</a> și ceilalți conducători bulgari. În timp ce frații au intrat în regiunea aflată sub control bulgar în 977, Boris al II-lea a coborât de pe cal și a mers înaintea fratelui său. Confundat cu un nobil bizantin datorită ținutelor sale, Boris a fost împușcat în piept de o patrulă de frontieră. Roman a reușit să le spună cine este celorlalți paznici și a fost acceptat în mod corespunzător ca împărat. Cu toate acestea, întrucât era <a href="/wiki/Eunuc" title="Eunuc">eunuc</a>, deoarece bizantinii l-au castrat, astfel încât să nu poată avea niciun moștenitor, nu a putut să-și asume tronul. În schimb, cel mai tânăr dintre frații Cometopuli, Samuil, a ajuns să-i conducă pe bulgari și a rezistat cu succes atacurilor bizantine timp de 40 de ani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Familie">Familie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Familie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Familie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prin căsătoria sa cu o femeie necunoscută, Boris al II-lea a avut mai mulți copii, întrucât istoricul bizantin <a href="/wiki/Ghiorghios_Kedrenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghiorghios Kedrenos">Ghiorghios Kedrenos</a> se referă la împăratul <a href="/wiki/Ioan_I_Tzimiskes" title="Ioan I Tzimiskes">Ioan I Tzimisces</a> că a găsit „<i>cum coniuge et liberis Borises Bulgarorum rex</i> ” (pe regele bulgarilor cu soția sa și numeroși copii ai lor) printre prizonierii ruși atunci când a invadat Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Printre copiii săi se pot enumera: </p> <ul><li>(probabil) Maria, soția țarului Ivan Vladislav al Bulgariei&#160;; această fiică a fost propusă de Christian Settipani pe baza unor elemente prosopografice și onomastice care par a lega Maria de dinastia Krum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>O fiică fără nume, logodită cu împăratul bizantin <a href="/wiki/Vasile_al_II-lea" title="Vasile al II-lea">Vasile al II-lea</a> în 968</li> <li>O fiică fără nume, logodită cu împăratul bizantin <a href="/wiki/Constantin_al_VIII-lea_Porfirogenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin al VIII-lea Porfirogenet">Constantin al VIII-lea</a> în 968</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5ee1647bb4bbd8e1e8388b8b9fa840bf_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepeerage.com/"><i>The Peerage</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Peerage&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthepeerage.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABoris+al+II-lea+al+Bulgariei" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BULGARIA.htm#PeterIDied969B">„BULGARIA”</a>. <i>fmg.ac</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-09">9 mai 2016</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fmg.ac&amp;rft.atitle=BULGARIA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffmg.ac%2FProjects%2FMedLands%2FBULGARIA.htm%23PeterIDied969B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABoris+al+II-lea+al+Bulgariei" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Settipani 2006, pp.282-283.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surse">Surse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Surse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Surse"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John VA Fine Jr., <i>The Early Medieval Balkans</i>, Ann Arbor, 1983.</li> <li>Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, <i>Koj koj ev srednovekovna Bălgarija</i>, Sofia 1999.</li> <li>Settipani, creștin, <i>Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs.</i> <i>Les princes caucasiens et l’Empire du VIe au IXe siècle</i>, Paris: De Boccard, 2006.</li> <li>Mosko Moskov, <i>Imennik na bălgarskite hanove (novo tălkuvane)</i>, Sofia 1988.</li> <li>Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, <i>Koj koj ev srednovekovna Bălgarija</i>, Sofia 1999.</li> <li>John V.A. Fine, Jr., <i>The Early Medieval Balkans</i>, Ann Arbor, 1983.</li> <li><span lang="bg" style="font-style:italic"></span> Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, <i>Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija</i>, Sofia 1999.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><i>The Bulgarian State in 927-969&#160;: the epoch of Tsar Peter I</i>. Leszka, Mirosław J.,, Marinow, Kirił,, Genova, Lyubomira,, Majer, Marke,, Mękarski, Artur,, Zytka, Michal (ed. First). [Łodź, Poland]. <time datetime="2019-02-05">5 februarie 2019</time>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-8323345459" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-8323345459">978-8323345459</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1078891613">1078891613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Bulgarian+State+in+927-969+%3A+the+epoch+of+Tsar+Peter+I&amp;rft.place=%5B%C5%81od%C5%BA%2C+Poland%5D&amp;rft.edition=First&amp;rft.date=2019-02-05&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1078891613&amp;rft.isbn=978-8323345459&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABoris+al+II-lea+al+Bulgariei" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="&#123;&#123;&#123;rows&#125;&#125;&#125;">Predecesor:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="&#123;&#123;&#123;rows&#125;&#125;&#125;"><b><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_monarhi_ai_Bulgariei" title="Listă de monarhi ai Bulgariei">Țar al Bulgariei</a></b><br />969–977 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="&#123;&#123;&#123;rows&#125;&#125;&#125;">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_I_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman I al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Roman</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background: #99C68E"><span style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em; margin-left:2px;">&#160;<span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Imperiul_Bulgar" title="Format:Imperiul Bulgar"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Imperiul_Bulgar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Imperiul Bulgar — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Imperiul_Bulgar&amp;action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul Bulgar">Imperiul Bulgar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #E32636">State </th> <th style="width: 34%; background-color: #03C03C">Militar </th> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #FFF8E7">Cultură </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left;" valign="top"> <td> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Origine</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari">Bulgari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavi_sudici" title="Slavi sudici">Slavi sudici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vechea_Bulgarie_Mare" title="Vechea Bulgarie Mare">Vechea Bulgarie Mare</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>State</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primul_Imperiu_Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul Imperiu Bulgar">Primul Imperiu Bulgar</a> (681-1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Vlaho-Bulgar" title="Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar">Al Doilea Imperiu Bulgar</a> (1185-1396)</li></ul> <p><i>De facto state bulgare independente față de Al Doilea Imperiu Bulgar</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Vidinului" title="Țaratul Vidinului">Țaratul Vidinului</a> (1356-1396)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principatul_de_la_Karvuna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Principatul de la Karvuna — pagină inexistentă">Principatul de la Karvuna</a> (1320-1395)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Administrație</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristroca%C8%9Bia_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristrocația bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Aristrocația bulgară medievală</a></li> <li>Capitale: <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a> (681-893) • <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> (893-972) • <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopie</a> (972-992) • <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> (992-1018) • <a href="/wiki/Veliko_T%C4%83rnovo" title="Veliko Tărnovo">Târnovo</a> (1185-1393) • <a href="/wiki/Nikopol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nikopol">Nikopol</a> (1393-1395) • <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> (1393-1396)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Conducători importanți</b></div> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Primul_Imperiu_Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul Imperiu Bulgar">Primul Imperiu Bulgar</a></b></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asparuh_al_Bulgariei" title="Asparuh al Bulgariei">Asparuh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tervel_al_Bulgariei" title="Tervel al Bulgariei">Tervel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Omurtag_al_Bulgariei" title="Omurtag al Bulgariei">Omurtag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Boris I al Bulgariei">Boris I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Simeon I al Bulgariei">Simeon I cel Mare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuil_al_Bulgariei" title="Samuil al Bulgariei">Samuil</a> </p><p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_Imperiu_Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Doilea Imperiu Bulgar">Al Doilea Imperiu Bulgar</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Vlaho-Bulgar" title="Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar">Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar</a>) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Asan_I" title="Ioan Asan I">Ioan Asan I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ioni%C8%9B%C4%83_Caloian" title="Ioniță Caloian">Ioniță Caloian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Asan_al_II-lea" title="Ioan Asan al II-lea">Ioan Asan al II-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Constantin_I_Tich" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin I Tich">Constantin I Tich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_II-lea_Asan" title="Mihail al II-lea Asan">Mihail al II-lea Asan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Alexandru_al_Bulgariei" title="Ioan Alexandru al Bulgariei">Ioan Alexandru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ioan_%C8%98i%C8%99man_al_Bulgariei" title="Ioan Șișman al Bulgariei">Ioan Șișman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petru_Deleanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru Deleanu">Petru al II-lea Deleanu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petru_al_III-lea" title="Petru al III-lea">Petru al III-lea</a> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Krum_celebrates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Krum_celebrates.jpg/79px-Krum_celebrates.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Krum_celebrates.jpg/119px-Krum_celebrates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Krum_celebrates.jpg/158px-Krum_celebrates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="328" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Omurtag1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/71px-Omurtag1.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/107px-Omurtag1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/142px-Omurtag1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/49px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" decoding="async" width="49" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/74px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/98px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1568" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg/75px-Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg/113px-Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg/150px-Konstantin_i_Irina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="599" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ivan_Alexander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ivan_Alexander.jpg/77px-Ivan_Alexander.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ivan_Alexander.jpg/116px-Ivan_Alexander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ivan_Alexander.jpg/154px-Ivan_Alexander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Armata bulgară medievală</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flota_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flota bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Flota bulgară medievală</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Conflicte</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboaiele_Bizantino-Bulgare" title="Războaiele Bizantino-Bulgare">Războaiele Bizantino-Bulgare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Croatian-Bulgarian_Wars&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Croatian-Bulgarian Wars — pagină inexistentă">Războaiele bulgaro-croate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboaiele_bulgaro-ungare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Războaiele bulgaro-ungare — pagină inexistentă">Războaiele bulgaro-ungare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboaiele_bulgaro-latine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Războaiele bulgaro-latine — pagină inexistentă">Războaiele bulgaro-latine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboaiele_bulgaro-otomane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Războaiele bulgaro-otomane — pagină inexistentă">Războaiele bulgaro-otomane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboaiele_bulgaro-s%C3%A2rbe_(medieval)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Războaiele bulgaro-sârbe (medieval) — pagină inexistentă">Războaiele bulgaro-sârbe</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Bătălii principale</b></div> <p><i><b>Primul Imperiu Bulgar</b></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Ongal" title="Bătălia de la Ongal">Bătălia de la Ongal</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asediul_Constantinopolului_(718)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asediul Constantinopolului (718) — pagină inexistentă">Asediul Constantinopolului</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Marcellae_(756)" title="Bătălia de la Marcellae (756)">Bătălia de la Marcellae</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Pliska&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Pliska — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Pliska</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Southern_Buh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Southern Buh — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Southern Buh</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Anchialus_(708)" title="Bătălia de la Anchialus (708)">Bătălia de la Anchialus</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Por%C8%9Bile_lui_Traian" title="Bătălia de la Porțile lui Traian">Bătălia de la Porțile lui Traian</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Kleidion" title="Bătălia de la Kleidion">Bătălia de la Kleidion</a> </p><p><i><b>Al Doilea Imperiu Bulgar</b></i> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Tryavna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Tryavna — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Tryavna</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Adrianopole_(1205)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Adrianopole (1205) — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Adrianopole</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Klokotnitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bătălia de la Klokotnitsa">Bătălia de la Klokotnitsa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Skafida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Skafida — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Skafida</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Velbazhd" class="mw-redirect" title="Bătălia de la Velbazhd">Bătălia de la Velbazhd</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Rusokastro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Rusokastro — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Rusokastro</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Maritsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bătălia de la Maritsa — pagină inexistentă">Bătălia de la Chernomen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asediul_de_la_Tarnovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asediul de la Tarnovo — pagină inexistentă">Asediul de la Tarnovo</a> </p> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Revolte importante</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolta_lui_Peter_Delyan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolta lui Peter Delyan — pagină inexistentă">Revolta lui Peter Delyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolta_lui_Georgi_Voiteh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolta lui Georgi Voiteh — pagină inexistentă">Revolta lui Georgi Voiteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolta_lui_Asan_%C8%99i_Petru" title="Revolta lui Asan și Petru">Revolta vlaho-bulgară</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolta_lui_Ivailo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolta lui Ivailo — pagină inexistentă">Revolta lui Ivailo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolta_lui_Konstantin_%C8%99i_Fruzhin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolta lui Konstantin și Fruzhin — pagină inexistentă">Revolta lui Konstantin și Fruzhin</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:AdrianopleConquest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/220px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/330px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/440px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/77px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/116px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/154px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1205" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg/97px-PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg/146px-PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg/194px-PetarDelyanIsProclaimedTsarOfBulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Literatură</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg/100px-JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg/150px-JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg/200px-JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Literatura bulgară medievală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_glagolitic" title="Alfabetul glagolitic">Alfabetul glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic_timpuriu" title="Alfabetul chirilic timpuriu">Alfabetul chirilic timpuriu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">Alfabetul chirilic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vechea_Slavon%C4%83_Bisericeasc%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vechea Slavonă Bisericească — pagină inexistentă">Vechea Slavonă Bisericească</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preslav_Literary_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Preslav Literary School — pagină inexistentă">Preslav Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohrid_Literary_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohrid Literary School — pagină inexistentă">Ohrid Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Bulgarian_royal_charters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Bulgarian royal charters — pagină inexistentă">Medieval Bulgarian royal charters</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Scriitori și oameni de știință</b></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naum_din_Preslav&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naum din Preslav — pagină inexistentă">Naum din Preslav</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_din_Ohrid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement din Ohrid — pagină inexistentă">Clement din Ohrid</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chernorizets_Hrabar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chernorizets Hrabar — pagină inexistentă">Chernorizets Hrabar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_din_Preslav&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine din Preslav — pagină inexistentă">Constantine din Preslav</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Exarch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Exarch — pagină inexistentă">John Exarch</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarul_Evtimiy_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriarul Evtimiy al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Evtimiy din Tarnovo</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Tsamblak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Tsamblak — pagină inexistentă">Gregory Tsamblak</a> </p> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Artă și Arhitectură</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhitectura_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhitectura of the Tarnovo Artistic School — pagină inexistentă">Arhitectura of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pictura_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pictura of the Tarnovo Artistic School — pagină inexistentă">Pictura of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Exemple faimoase</b></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A2ul_Madara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Râul Madara — pagină inexistentă">Râul Madara</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marea_Basilica_din_Pliska&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marea Basilica din Pliska — pagină inexistentă">Marea Basilica din Pliska</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Round_Church,_Preslav&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Round Church, Preslav — pagină inexistentă">Round Church in Preslav</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Forty_Martyrs_Church,_Veliko_Tarnovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Forty Martyrs Church, Veliko Tarnovo — pagină inexistentă">Holy Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biserica_Boyana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biserica Boyana — pagină inexistentă">Biserica Boyana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsarevets&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsarevets — pagină inexistentă">Tsarevets</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baba_Vida" title="Baba Vida">Baba Vida</a> </p> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Religie</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:St._Theodor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/100px-St._Theodor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/150px-St._Theodor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/200px-St._Theodor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengriism" title="Tengriism">Tengriism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavic_mythology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavic mythology — pagină inexistentă">Slavic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cre%C8%99tinarea_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Creștinarea Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Creștinarea Bulgariei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă">Biserica Ortodoxă</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Patriarchate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Patriarchate — pagină inexistentă">Bulgarian Orthodox Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archbishopric_of_Ohrid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid — pagină inexistentă">Bulgarian Orthodox Archbishopric</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Catholicism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Catholicism — pagină inexistentă">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Economie</b></div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f9f9f9); color:inherit; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_Bulgarian_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bulgaria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Bulgaria — pagină inexistentă">Portal Bulgaria </a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Economia bulgară medievală</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monet%C4%83ria_bulgar%C4%83_medieval%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetăria bulgară medievală — pagină inexistentă">Monetăria bulgară medievală</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Monarhi_bulgari" title="Format:Monarhi bulgari"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Monarhi_bulgari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Monarhi bulgari — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Monarhi_bulgari&amp;action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_monarhi_ai_Bulgariei" title="Listă de monarhi ai Bulgariei">Monarhi bulgari</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vechea_Bulgarie_Mare" title="Vechea Bulgarie Mare">Vechea Bulgarie Mare</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kubrat" title="Kubrat">Kubrat</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batbaian_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batbaian al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Batbaian</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="7"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_(by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emperor_of_Bulgaria_%28by_Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg%29.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="359" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Primul_%C8%9Aarat_Bulgar" title="Primul Țarat Bulgar">Primul Țarat Bulgar</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/681" title="681">681</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/1018" title="1018">1018</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Asparuh_al_Bulgariei" title="Asparuh al Bulgariei">Asparuh</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tervel_al_Bulgariei" title="Tervel al Bulgariei">Tervel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kormesii_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kormesii al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Kormesii</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevar_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevar al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Sevar</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kormiso%C8%99_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kormisoș al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Kormisoș</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Vineh_al_Bulgariei" title="Vineh al Bulgariei">Vineh</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tele%C8%9B_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleț al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Teleț</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savin_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Savin al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Savin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umor_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Umor al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Umor</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toktu_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Toktu al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Toktu</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagan_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagan al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Pagan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telerig_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Telerig al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Telerig</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kardam_al_Bulgariei" title="Kardam al Bulgariei">Kardam</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Omurtag_al_Bulgariei" title="Omurtag al Bulgariei">Omurtag</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malamir_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malamir al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Malamir</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presian_I_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presian I al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Presian I</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Boris I al Bulgariei">Boris I</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Vladimir</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Simeon I al Bulgariei">Simeon I</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Bulgariei" title="Petru I al Bulgariei">Petru I</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boris al II-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Roman</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_al_Bulgariei" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel al Bulgariei">Samuel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Radomir_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Radomir al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Gabriel Radomir</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Vladislav_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Vladislav al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Ioan Vladislav</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presian_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presian al II-lea al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Presian al II-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Petru_al_II-lea_Delian" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru al II-lea Delian">Petru al II-lea Delian</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Petru_al_III-lea" title="Petru al III-lea">Petru al III-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_%C8%9Aarat_Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Doilea Țarat Bulgar">Al Doilea Țarat Bulgar</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/1396" title="1396">1396</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Asan_I" title="Ioan Asan I">Ioan Asan I</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petru_al_IV-lea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Petru al IV-lea — pagină inexistentă">Petru al IV-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivanko_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivanko al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Ivanko</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ioni%C8%9B%C4%83_Caloian" title="Ioniță Caloian">Ioniță Caloian</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Boril%C4%83" title="Borilă">Borilă</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Asan_al_II-lea" title="Ioan Asan al II-lea">Ioan Asan al II-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83liman_I_Asan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Căliman I Asan — pagină inexistentă">Căliman I Asan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_II-lea_Asan" title="Mihail al II-lea Asan">Mihail al II-lea Asan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83liman_al_II-lea_Asan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Căliman al II-lea Asan — pagină inexistentă">Căliman al II-lea Asan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%9Bo_Asan" title="Mițo Asan">Mițo Asan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Tih" title="Constantin Tih">Constantin Tih</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ivailo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivailo">Ivailo</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Asan_al_III-lea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Asan al III-lea — pagină inexistentă">Ioan Asan al III-lea</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_I_Terter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe I Terter — pagină inexistentă">Gheorghe I Terter</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Smile%C8%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="Smileț">Smileț</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceaka_Nogai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceaka Nogai — pagină inexistentă">Ceaka Nogai</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Teodor_Svetoslav" title="Teodor Svetoslav">Teodor Svetoslav</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_al_II-lea_Terter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe al II-lea Terter — pagină inexistentă">Gheorghe al II-lea Terter</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_III-lea_%C8%98i%C8%99man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihail al III-lea Șișman">Mihail al III-lea Șișman</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna-Neda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna-Neda — pagină inexistentă">Anna-Neda</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Alexandru_al_Bulgariei" title="Ioan Alexandru al Bulgariei">Ioan Alexandru</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ioan_%C8%98i%C8%99man_al_Bulgariei" title="Ioan Șișman al Bulgariei">Ioan Șișman</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Stra%C8%9Bimir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Strațimir — pagină inexistentă">Ivan Strațimir</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin al II-lea al Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă">Constantin al II-lea</a>? </span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Principatul_Bulgariei" title="Principatul Bulgariei">Principatul</a> (<a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>) și<br /><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Bulgariei" title="Regatul Bulgariei">Regatul</a> (<a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list 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