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href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a 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akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Iran" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sejarah_awal,_Empayar_Median_dan_Empayar_Hakhamaniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_awal,_Empayar_Median_dan_Empayar_Hakhamaniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sejarah awal, Empayar Median dan Empayar Hakhamaniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_awal,_Empayar_Median_dan_Empayar_Hakhamaniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empayar_Iran_Ketiga:_Empayar_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empayar_Iran_Ketiga:_Empayar_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Empayar Iran Ketiga: Empayar Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empayar_Iran_Ketiga:_Empayar_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empayar_Iran_Keempat:_Empayar_Sassanid_(226–651)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empayar_Iran_Keempat:_Empayar_Sassanid_(226–651)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Empayar Iran Keempat: Empayar Sassanid (226–651)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empayar_Iran_Keempat:_Empayar_Sassanid_(226–651)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_Parsi_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Parsi_(700–1400)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_Parsi_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Parsi_(700–1400)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Islam Parsi dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Parsi (700–1400)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_Parsi_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Parsi_(700–1400)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_Syiah,_Empayar_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Moden_(1501_–_1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_Syiah,_Empayar_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Moden_(1501_–_1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Islam Syiah, Empayar Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Moden (1501 – 1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_Syiah,_Empayar_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Moden_(1501_–_1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran_Iraq_(1979–88)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran_Iraq_(1979–88)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran Iraq (1979–88)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran_Iraq_(1979–88)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerajaan_dan_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerajaan_dan_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kerajaan dan politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kerajaan_dan_politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kerajaan dan politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kerajaan_dan_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pemimpin_Agung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemimpin_Agung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pemimpin Agung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemimpin_Agung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksekutif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksekutif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eksekutif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksekutif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majlis_Wali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majlis_Wali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Majlis Wali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majlis_Wali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majlis_Penyesuaian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majlis_Penyesuaian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Majlis Penyesuaian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majlis_Penyesuaian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parlimen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parlimen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Parlimen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parlimen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehakiman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehakiman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kehakiman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehakiman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majlis_Pakar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majlis_Pakar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Majlis Pakar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majlis_Pakar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majlis_Bandar_dan_Kampung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majlis_Bandar_dan_Kampung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Majlis Bandar dan Kampung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majlis_Bandar_dan_Kampung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentadbiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentadbiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pentadbiran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentadbiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bandar-Bandar_Utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandar-Bandar_Utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bandar-Bandar Utama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandar-Bandar_Utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ketenteraan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ketenteraan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ketenteraan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ketenteraan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebudayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebudayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kebudayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebudayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Pautan luar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kerajaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerajaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Kerajaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerajaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Pautan lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 287 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">287 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Къажэрей – Kabardia" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къажэрей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፋርስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፋርስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persealand" title="Persealand – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Persealand" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Џьамтәыла – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Џьамтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܐܝܪܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܪܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইৰান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইৰান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡི་ལང་། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡི་ལང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%88" title="ᨕᨗᨈ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨈ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Írán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranu" title="Iranu – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Iranu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraen" title="Iraen – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Iraen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އީރާން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީރާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiik%CA%BCi_D%C3%A9%C3%ADbaal%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨི་རཱན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨི་རཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ιράν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιράν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0n" title="Iràn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Iràn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Иран Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иран Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano" title="Irano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iar%C3%A1in" title="An Iaráin – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iaráin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eeraan" title="Yn Eeraan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eeraan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ior%C3%A0n" title="Ioràn – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ioràn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ХӀиран – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиран" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kikuya" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="ઈરાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈરાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="ईराण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ईराण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="이란 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlana" title="ʻIlana – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻIlana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIran" title="IIran – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIran" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dran" title="Íran – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íran" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%C9%A9" title="Iranɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Iranɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایٖران – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایٖران" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uajemi" title="Uajemi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irana" title="Irana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Irana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eran" title="Îran – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îran" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irania" title="Irania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Irania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81na" title="Irāna – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlaani" title="ʻIlaani – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIlaani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranas" title="Iranas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/iran" title="iran – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="iran" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0na" title="Iràna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iràna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇറാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAr%C4%81na" title="Īrāna – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īrāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="इराण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایرون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایرون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiran" title="Eiran – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eiran" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="イラン – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߌߙߊ߲߫ – N’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌߙߊ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraan" title="Eraan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Eraan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଇରାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇରାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eron" title="Eron – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਈਰਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ираан – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ираан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroan" title="Iroan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iroan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉරානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉරානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiraan" title="Iiraan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iiraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئێران – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%9Ban" title="Iṛan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iṛan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇరాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraun" title="Iraun – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Iraun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศอิหร่าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ኢራን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኢራን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%82" title="ᎢᎴᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᎴᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%BDran" title="Eýran – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eýran" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئىران – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىران" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lir%C3%A4n" title="Lirän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lirän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cr%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Ìránì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìránì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans" title="Irans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Irans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron" title="Iron – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iron" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Iran" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iran"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iran"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Iran" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Iran" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=6274807" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Iran&id=6274807&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIran"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIran"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Iran"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Iran&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373584">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republik Islam Iran</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span title="Parsi-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">جمهوری اسلامی ایران</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a>)</span></span><br /><small><span title="Parsi-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān</i></span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Iran"><img alt="Bendera Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/125px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/188px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/250px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Iran"><img alt="Lambang Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Iran" title="Bendera Iran">Bendera</a></td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambang Iran"> Lambang</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Cogan_kata" title="Cogan kata">Cogan kata</a>: </b><br /><span title="Parsi-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Parsi-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi</i></span></span><br />(Untuk Kemerdekaan Kebebasan, Republik Islam)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><span title="Parsi-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Parsi-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān</i></span></span><br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="58" data-mwtitle="Sorud-e_Mellí-e_Yomhurí-e_Eslamí-e_Irán_(instrumental).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Iran_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Tunjuk Global</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Iran_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Iran_in_its_region.svg/250px-Iran_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Iran_in_its_region.svg/375px-Iran_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Iran_in_its_region.svg/500px-Iran_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="337" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Tunjuk Peta Iran</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a><div class="ib-country-largest">dan bandar terbesar</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iran&params=35_41_N_51_25_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">35°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">51°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">35.683°N 51.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.683; 51.417</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_rasmi" title="Bahasa rasmi">Bahasa rasmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Bahasa Parsi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_etnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan etnik">Kumpulan etnik</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>61% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Parsi">Parsi</a></li> <li>16% Azerbaijanis</li> <li>10% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kurdi" title="Orang Kurdi">Kurdi</a></li> <li>6% Bakhtiari</li> <li>2% Turkmen</li> <li>2% Baloch</li> <li>2% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Arab">Arab</a></li> <li>1% lain-lain</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Iran" title="Politik Iran">Kerajaan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran">Pemimpin Agung</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> (سید علی خامنه‌ای)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Iran" title="Presiden Iran">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Masoud Pezeshkian</a> (مسعود پزشکیان)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Naik Presiden </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" class="extiw" title="fa:محمدرضا عارف">Mohammad Reza Aref</a> (محمدرضا عارف)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Ketua Parlimen </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81" class="extiw" title="fa:محمدباقر قالیباف">Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf</a> (محمدباقر قالیباف)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Ketua Hakim Negara </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="fa:غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای">Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i</a> (غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Badan_perundangan" title="Badan perundangan">Badan perundangan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Majlis Perundingan Islam</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah Penubuhan</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Empayar Media</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="Sekitar">s.</abbr> 678 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangsa Achaemenid">Empayar Achaemenid</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">550 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia"> Kerajaan Parthia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">247 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Sasan" title="Empayar Sasan">Empayar Sasan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">224 AD<sup id="cite_ref-Sarkhosh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarkhosh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dinasti Buyid </div></th><td class="infobox-data">934</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Safavid Iran </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1501<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_J._Newman_2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_J._Newman_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dinasti Afsharid </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1736</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dinasti zand </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1751</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Qajar Iran </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1796</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pahlavi Iran </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 December 1925</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Islam</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Perlembagaan Iran </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 December 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• perlembagaan Iran 1989 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 July 1989</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Keluasan </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,648,195 km<sup>2</sup> (636,372 bt<sup>2</sup>) (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_keluasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut keluasan">17th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Perairan_wilayah" title="Perairan wilayah">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peratusan" title="Peratusan">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.63 (as of 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Penduduk</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Perkiraan 2019</div></th><td class="infobox-data">83,183,741<sup id="cite_ref-amar.org.ir_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amar.org.ir-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggaran_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggaran penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">17th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">48/km<sup>2</sup> (124.3/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan penduduk">162nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(<a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> $1.007 trillion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP)">18th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> $11,963<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)_per_kapita" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP) per kapita">66th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•  Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $611 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(ukuran_dasar)" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (ukuran dasar)">21st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $7,257<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal) per kapita">78th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pekali_Gini" title="Pekali Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42.0<sup id="cite_ref-Data.worldbank.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Data.worldbank.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:orange">sederhana</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">HDI</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> 0.783<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:forestgreen">tinggi</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Senarai negara mengikut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">70th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_wang" title="Mata wang">Mata wang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rial_Iran" title="Rial Iran">Rial Iran</a> ریال <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">IRR</a></code>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Selaras" title="Waktu Universal Selaras">UTC</a>+3:30</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran_Standard_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran Standard Time (laman tidak wujud)">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Selaras" title="Waktu Universal Selaras">UTC</a>+4:30</span> (IRDT)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format tarikh</th><td class="infobox-data"><span dir="rtl">yyyy/mm/dd</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_Hijri_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar Hijri calendar (laman tidak wujud)">SH</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lalu_lintas_arah_kiri_dan_kanan" title="Lalu lintas arah kiri dan kanan">Arah memandu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kod panggilan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephone_numbers_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telephone numbers in Iran (laman tidak wujud)">+98</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kod ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:IR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:IR (laman tidak wujud)">IR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_peringkat_tinggi_kod_negara" title="Domain peringkat tinggi kod negara">DPT internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">.ir</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">ایران.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Iran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a>: <span title="Parsi-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ايران</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span> <i>Īrān</i>) atau nama rasminya <b>Republik Islam Iran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a>: <span title="Parsi-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جمهوری اسلامی ايران</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span>, <i>Jomhuriye Eslamiye Iran</i>), juga dikenali sebagai <b><a href="/wiki/Parsi_(Nyahkekaburan)" class="mw-disambig" title="Parsi (Nyahkekaburan)">Parsi</a></b> di negara-negara barat, adalah sebuah negara di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a>. Ia bersempadan dengan <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> di utara, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> di sebelah timur, dan <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kurdistan_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Kurdistan Iraq">Kurdistan wilayah</a>) di sebelah barat. Iran juga berkongsi <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Parsi" title="Teluk Parsi">Teluk Parsi</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> dan juga <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a>. Agama rasminya ialah <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> beraliran <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> dan bahasa rasminya ialah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Bahasa Parsi</a>. </p><p>Iran merupakan sebuah negara yang menyimpan antara tamadun yang tertua di dunia. Berumur hampir 6000 tahun, Iran terletak di tengah-tengah benua Eurasia dan ini menjadikan ia cukup penting dalam tamadun dunia kerana mempunyai kedudukan geografi yang strategik. Iran juga adalah ahli pengasas <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Persidangan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam">Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Negara-negara_Pengeksport_Petroleum" title="Pertubuhan Negara-negara Pengeksport Petroleum">Pertubuhan Negara-negara Pengeksport Petroleum</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasi_Kerjasama_Ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasi Kerjasama Ekonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Organisasi Kerjasama Ekonomi</a>. Merupakan antara kuasa rantau yang terpenting di Asia Barat Daya, Iran memainkan peranan yang penting dalam ekonomi dunia melalui simpanan minyaknya yang banyak. Nama Iran ini berkait rapat dengan Arya, dan bermaksud "Tanah Arya" dalam bahasa Parsi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah Iran</a></div> <dl><dd><i>Lihat juga <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Parsi" title="Empayar Parsi">Empayar Parsi</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_awal,_Empayar_Median_dan_Empayar_Hakhamaniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)"><span id="Sejarah_awal.2C_Empayar_Median_dan_Empayar_Hakhamaniyah_.283200_SM_.E2.80.93_330_SM.29"></span>Sejarah awal, Empayar Median dan Empayar Hakhamaniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah awal, Empayar Median dan Empayar Hakhamaniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah awal, Empayar Median dan Empayar Hakhamaniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daripada tulisan-tulisan sejarah, tamadun Iran yang pertama ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran-Proto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran-Proto (laman tidak wujud)">Iran-Proto</a>, diikuti dengan tamadun <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>. Pada milenium kedua dan ketiga, <a href="/wiki/Arya" title="Arya">Orang Arya</a> berhijrah ke Iran dan menubuhkan empayar pertama Iran, <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Medes" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Medes">Empayar Medes</a> (728-550 SM). Empayar ini telah menjadi simbol kepada pengasas bangsa dan juga empayar Iran. Ia disusuli dengan <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Hakhamaniyah" title="Empayar Hakhamaniyah">Empayar Hakhamaniyah</a> (648–330 SM) yang ditubuhkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Agung" title="Cyrus Agung">Kirus Agung</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Agung" title="Cyrus Agung">Cyrus Agung</a> juga terkenal sebagai pemerintah pertama yang mewujudkan undang-undang mengenai hak-hak kemanusiaan, tertulis di atas artifak dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Silinder_Cyrus" title="Silinder Cyrus">Silinder Cyrus</a>. Beliau juga merupakan pemerintah pertama yang memakai gelaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agung (laman tidak wujud)">Agung</a> dan juga <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> Iran. Di zaman beliau, perhambaan dilarang di kawasan-kawasan taklukan beliau (turut dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Parsi" title="Parsi">Empayar Parsi</a>.) Idea ini kemudiannya memberi kesan yang besar kepada tamadun-tamadun manusia selepas zaman beliau. </p><p>Empayar Parsi kemudiannya diperintah oleh Cambyses selama tujuh tahun (531-522 M) dan kemangkatan beliau disusuli dengan perebutan kuasa dimana akhirnya <a href="/wiki/Darius" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius">Darius</a> (522-486 M) diisytihar sebagai raja. </p><p>Ibu kota Parsi ketika zaman <a href="/wiki/Darius" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius">Darius</a> dipindahkan ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susa (laman tidak wujud)">Susa</a> dan beliau mula membina <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>. Sebuah terusan di antara <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Nil" title="Sungai Nil">Sungai Nil</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Merah" title="Laut Merah">Laut Merah</a> turut dibina dan menjadikan beliau pelopor untuk pembinaan <a href="/wiki/Terusan_Suez" title="Terusan Suez">Terusan Suez</a>. Sistem jalan juga turut diperbaharui dan sebuah lebuh raya dibina menghubungkan Susa dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sardis (laman tidak wujud)">Sardis</a>. Lebuh raya ini dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Jalan_Diraja" title="Jalan Diraja">Jalan Diraja</a>. </p><p>Selain itu, pensyilingan di dalam bentuk <i>daric</i> (syiling emas) dan juga <i>Shekel</i> (syiling perak) diperkenalkan diseluruh dunia. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Bahasa Parsi Lama</a> turut diperkenalkan dan diterbitkan di dalam inskripsi diraja. </p><p>Dibawah pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Agung" title="Cyrus Agung">Cyrus Agung</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Darius_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius Agung">Darius Agung</a>, Empayar Parsi menjadi sebuah empayar yang terbesar dan terkuat di dunia ketika itu. Pencapaian utamanya ialah ia sebuah empayar besar pertama yang mengamalkan sikap toleransi dan menghormati budaya-budaya dan agama-agama lain di kawasan jajahannya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empayar_Iran_Ketiga:_Empayar_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)"><span id="Empayar_Iran_Ketiga:_Empayar_Parthia_.28248_SM_.E2.80.93_224_M.29"></span>Empayar Iran Ketiga: Empayar Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Empayar Iran Ketiga: Empayar Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Empayar Iran Ketiga: Empayar Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> dimulakan dengan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Arsacid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Arsacid">Dinasti Arsacid</a> yang menyatukan dan memerintah Penara Iran. Ia juga turut menawan wilayah timur <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> pada awal abad ke tiga Masihi dan juga <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> antara tahun 150 SM dan 224 M. Parthia juga merupakan musuh ketat Rom di sebelah timur, dan mereka berjaya menyekat kemaraan Rom di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Tentera-tentera Parthia terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan berkuda, tentera berkuda yang berperisai dan membawa senjata berat, dan tentera berkuda yang bersenjata ringan dan kudanya lincah pergerakan. Manakala, tentera Rom terlalu bergantung kepada infantri, menyebabkan Rom sukar untuk mengalahkan Parthia. Tetapi, Parthia kekurangan teknik dalam perang tawan, menyebabkan mereka sukar mengawal kawasan taklukan. Ini menyebabkan kedua-dua belah pihak gagal menawan satu sama lain. </p><p>Empayar Parthia wujud selama lima abad (Berakhir pada tahun 224 M,) dan raja terakhirnya kalah ditangan empayar lindungannya, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Sassanid">Sassanid</a> </p> <table align="right" width="250px" cellspacing="0" style="align:right; clear:right; border:1px solid gray; margin:0px 0px 5px 10px; background:#fff6d9;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg/250px-Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg/375px-Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg/500px-Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="698" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;"><font size="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah Iran</a></b></font> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px; font-size: 85%; background:putih;"> <b><center><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Parsi" title="Empayar Parsi">Empayar Parsi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Senarai_Raja_Parsi" title="Senarai Raja Parsi">Raja Parsi</a></center></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:3px 10px"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5777433">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title" style="font-size:100%;">Empayar Parsi Sebelum Islam</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Elam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Elam (laman tidak wujud)">Tamadun Proto-Elam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-4_SM" title="Milenium ke-4 SM">3200</a> - <a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM">2700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamadun_Jiroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamadun Jiroft (laman tidak wujud)">Tamadun Jiroft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM">3000</a> - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-5_SM" title="Abad ke-5 SM">abad ke-5 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Wangsa Elam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM">2700</a> - <a href="/wiki/530-an_SM" title="530-an SM">539 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mannai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mannai (laman tidak wujud)">Kemaharajaan Mannai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-10_SM" title="Abad ke-10 SM">abad ke-10 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-7_SM" title="Abad ke-7 SM">ke-7 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Empayar Medes</a> (<a href="/wiki/720-an_SM" title="720-an SM">728</a> - <a href="/wiki/550-an_SM" title="550-an SM">550 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Hakhamaniyah" title="Empayar Hakhamaniyah">Empayar Hakhamaniyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/640-an_SM" title="640-an SM">648</a> - <a href="/wiki/330_SM" title="330 SM">330 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Seleukia" title="Empayar Seleukia">Empayar Seleukos</a> (<a href="/wiki/330_SM" title="330 SM">330</a> - <a href="/wiki/150_SM" title="150 SM">150 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Empayar Parsawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/250_SM" title="250 SM">250</a> - <a href="/wiki/226_SM" title="226 SM">226 SM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Sasan" title="Empayar Sasan">Empayar Sasaniyah</a> (226 - <a href="/wiki/650" title="650">650</a>)</li></ul> </div></div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5777433"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title" style="font-size:100%;">Empayar Parsi Selepas Islam</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Awal_Islam_di_Parsi" title="Sejarah Awal Islam di Parsi">Sejarah Awal Islam di Parsi</a> (<a href="/wiki/637" title="637">637</a> - <a href="/wiki/651" title="651">651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Tahiriyah" title="Wangsa Tahiriyah">Wangsa Tahiriyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/821" title="821">821</a> - <a href="/wiki/873" title="873">873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawiyah">Wangsa Alawiyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/864" title="864">864</a> - <a href="/wiki/928" title="928">928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Saffariyah" title="Wangsa Saffariyah">Wangsa Saffariyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/861" title="861">861</a> - <a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaniyah" title="Samaniyah">Wangsa Samaniyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/875" title="875">875</a> - <a href="/wiki/999" title="999">999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziyariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziyariyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Ziyariyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/928" title="928">928</a> - <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buwaihiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buwaihiyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Buwaihiyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/934" title="934">934</a> - <a href="/wiki/1055" title="1055">1055</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Ghaznawiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Ghaznawiyah (laman tidak wujud)">Empayar Ghaznawiyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a> - <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghuriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghuriyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Ghuriyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a> - <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangsa Seljuk">Empayar Seljuk</a> (<a href="/wiki/1037" title="1037">1037</a> - <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Khoarezmiyah" title="Empayar Khoarezmiyah">Wangsa Khoarezmiyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1077" title="1077">1077</a> - <a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanat" title="Ilkhanat">Ilkhanat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a> - <a href="/wiki/1353" title="1353">1353</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffariyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Muzaffariyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a> - <a href="/wiki/1393" title="1393">1393</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chopaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chopaniyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Chupaniyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1337" title="1337">1337</a> - <a href="/wiki/1357" title="1357">1357</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalayiriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalayiriyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Jalayeriyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1339" title="1339">1339</a> - <a href="/wiki/1432" title="1432">1432</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Timuriyah" title="Wangsa Timuriyah">Empayar Timuriyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1370" title="1370">1370</a> - <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qara_Qoyunlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qara Qoyunlu (laman tidak wujud)">Qara Qoyunlu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1407" title="1407">1407</a> - <a href="/wiki/1468" title="1468">1468</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aq_Qoyunlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aq Qoyunlu (laman tidak wujud)">Aq Qoyunlu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1378" title="1378">1378</a> - <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Safawiyah" title="Wangsa Safawiyah">Empayar Safawiyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1501" title="1501">1501</a> - <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>/<a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotaki (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Hotaki Ghilzai</a> (1722 - <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangsa_Afshariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangsa Afshariyah (laman tidak wujud)">Wangsa Afshariyah</a> (<a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a> - <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li></ul> </div></div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5777433"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title" style="font-size:100%;">Zaman Moden</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Zand" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangsa Zand">Wangsa Zand</a> (<a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a> - <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Qajar" title="Wangsa Qajar">Wangsa Qajar</a> (<a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a> - <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Pahlavi" title="Wangsa Pahlavi">Wangsa Pahlavi</a> (1925 - <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Sementara_Iran_(1979_-_1980)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Sementara Iran (1979 - 1980) (laman tidak wujud)">Kerajaan Sementara</a> (1979 - <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republik Islam Iran</a> (sejak 1980)</li></ul> </div></div><div style="clear:both;"></div> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sejarah_Iran&action=edit">sunting</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empayar_Iran_Keempat:_Empayar_Sassanid_(226–651)"><span id="Empayar_Iran_Keempat:_Empayar_Sassanid_.28226.E2.80.93651.29"></span>Empayar Iran Keempat: Empayar Sassanid (226–651)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Empayar Iran Keempat: Empayar Sassanid (226–651)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Empayar Iran Keempat: Empayar Sassanid (226–651)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardashir_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardashir I (laman tidak wujud)">Ardashir I</a>, shah pertama bagi <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Sassanid">Empayar Sassanid</a>, mula membentuk semula ekonomi dan tentera Parsi. Wilayahnya meliputi kawasan Iran moden, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>. Ketika zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khosrau_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khosrau II (laman tidak wujud)">Khosrau II</a> (590-628) pula, empayar ini diluaskan sehingga ke <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestin" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestin">Palestin</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. Orang-orang Sassanid pula menamakan empayar mereka <i>Erānshahr</i> (atau <i>Iranshæhr</i>, "Penguasaan Orang Arya".) </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sassanid_Empire_620.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sassanid_Empire_620.png/150px-Sassanid_Empire_620.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sassanid_Empire_620.png/225px-Sassanid_Empire_620.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Sassanid_Empire_620.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Sassanid">Empayar Sassanid</a> ketika zaman kegemilangannya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sejarah Iran seterusnya diikuti dengan konflik selama enam ratus tahun dengan Empayar Rom dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Empayar Islam</a>. Menurut sejarahwan, kekalahan Parsi didalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_al-Q%C4%81disiyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang al-Qādisiyyah (laman tidak wujud)">Perang al-Qādisiyyah</a> (632 M) di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilla (laman tidak wujud)">Hilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> disebabkan oleh keputusan seorang panglima Parsi iaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rostam_Farrokhz%C4%81d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rostam Farrokhzād (laman tidak wujud)">Rostam Farrokhzād</a>. Beliau dikritik kerana keputusannya untuk berperang dengan orang Arab di bumi Arab sendiri. Kekalahan Sassanid di Iraq menyebabkan tentera mereka tidak keruan dan akhirnya ini memberi jalan kepada penawanan Islam ke atas Parsi. </p><p>Era Sassanid menyaksikan kemuncak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamadun_Parsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamadun Parsi (laman tidak wujud)">tamadun Parsi</a>, dan merupakan empayar Parsi terakhir sebelum kedatangan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Pengaruh dan kebudayaan Sassanid kemudiannya diteruskan selepas pemelukan Islam oleh Parsi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_Parsi_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Parsi_(700–1400)"><span id="Islam_Parsi_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Parsi_.28700.E2.80.931400.29"></span>Islam Parsi dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Parsi (700–1400)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Islam Parsi dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Parsi (700–1400)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Islam Parsi dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Parsi (700–1400)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selepas pemelukan Islam, orang-orang Parsi mula membentuk imej Islam Parsi, dimana mereka mengekalkan imej sebagai orang Parsi tetapi pada masa yang sama juga sebagai muslim. Pada tahun 8 M, Parsi memberi bantuan kepada <a href="/wiki/Abbassiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbassiyah">Abbassiyah</a> memerangi tentera <a href="/wiki/Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyah">Umayyah</a>, kerana Bani Umayyah hanya mementingkan bangsa Arab dan memandang rendah kepada orang Parsi. Ketika zaman Abbassiyah, orang-orang Parsi mula melibatkan diri dalam pentadbiran kerajaan. Sesetengahnya pula menubuhkan dinasti sendiri. </p><p>Pada kurun ke sembilan dan ke sepuluh, terdapat beberapa kebangkitan nasionalis Parsi yang menentang idea Arab sebagai Islam dan Muslim. Tetapi kebangkitan ini tidak menentang identiti Islam. Salah satu kesan kebangkitan ini ialah penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">bahasa Parsi</a> sebagai bahasa rasmi Iran sehingga ke hari ini. </p><p>Ketika zaman ini juga, ahli-ahli sains Parsi membentuk <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam" title="Zaman Kegemilangan Islam">Zaman Kegemilangan Islam</a>. Manakala Parsi menjadi tumpuan kepada penyebaran ilmu sains, filasafah dan kejuruteraan. Ini kemudiannya mempengaruhi sains di Eropah dan juga pembangkitan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_pembaharuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman pembaharuan">zaman pembaharuan</a>. </p><p>Bermula pada tahun 1220, Parsi dicerobohi oleh tentera Mongolia di bawah pimpinan Genghis Khan, diikuti dengan <a href="/wiki/Timurlang" title="Timurlang">Timurlang</a>, di mana kedua-dua pencerobohan menyebabkan kemusnahan yang teruk di Parsi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_Syiah,_Empayar_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Moden_(1501_–_1979)"><span id="Islam_Syiah.2C_Empayar_Safawi.2C_Dinasti_Qajar.2FPahlavi_dan_Iran_Moden_.281501_.E2.80.93_1979.29"></span>Islam Syiah, Empayar Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Moden (1501 – 1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Islam Syiah, Empayar Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Moden (1501 – 1979)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Islam Syiah, Empayar Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Moden (1501 – 1979)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parsi mula bertukar menjadi <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> ketika zaman <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Safawi">Safawi</a>, pada tahun 1501. Dinasti Safawi kemudiannya menjadi salah sebuah kuasa dunia yang utama dan mula mempromosikan industri pelancongan di Iran. Di bawah pemerintahnya, seni bina Parsi berkembang semula dan menyaksikan pembinaan monumen-monumen yang indah. Kejatuhan Safawi disusuli dengan Parsi menjadi sebuah medan persaingan antara kuasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Rusia (laman tidak wujud)">Imperial Rusia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Inggeris">Empayar Inggeris</a> (yang menggunakan pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Qajar">Dinasti Qajar</a>). Namun begitu, Iran tetap mengekalkan kemerdekaan dan wilayah-wilayahnya, menjadikannya unik di rantau itu. Permodenan Iran yang bermula pada lewat kurun ke sembilan belas, membangkitkan keinginan untuk berubah oleh orang-orang Parsi. Ini menyebabkan berlakunya Revolusi Perlembagaan Parsi pada tahun 1905 hingga 1911. Pada tahun 1921, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reza_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reza Khan (laman tidak wujud)">Reza Khan</a> (juga dikenali sebagai Reza Shah) mengambil alih takhta melalui rampasan kuasa daripada Qajari yang semakin lemah. Sebagai penyokong permodenan, Shah Reza memulakan pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a> moden, jalan kereta api, dan penubuhan sistem pendidikan tinggi di Iran. Malangnya, sikap aristokratik dan ketidakseimbangan pemulihan kemasyarakatan menyebabkan ramai rakyat Iran tidak berpuas hati. </p><p>Ketika <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua">Perang Dunia Kedua</a>, tentera Inggeris dan Kesatuan Soviet menceroboh Iran dari 25 Ogos hingga 17 September 1941, untuk menyekat kuasa-kuasa paksi dan mengawal infrastruktur penggalian minyak Iran. Kuasa-kuasa bersekutu memaksa Shah untuk melantik anak beliau, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> menggantikan beliau, dengan harapan Mohammad Reza menyokong mereka. </p><p>Malangnya, pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza bersifat autokratik. Dengan bantuan dari Amerika dan Inggeris, Shah meneruskan permodenan Industri Iran, tetapi pada masa yang sama menghancurkan parti-parti pembangkang melalui badan perisikannya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAVAK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAVAK (laman tidak wujud)">SAVAK</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> menjadi pembangkang dan pengkritik aktif terhadap pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza dan kemudiannya beliau dipenjarakan selama lapan belas bulan. Melalui nasihat general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Pakravan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan Pakravan (laman tidak wujud)">Hassan Pakravan</a>, Khomeini dibuang negeri dan dihantar ke <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> dan selepas itu ke <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran_Iraq_(1979–88)"><span id="Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran_Iraq_.281979.E2.80.9388.29"></span>Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran Iraq (1979–88)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran Iraq (1979–88)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran Iraq (1979–88)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg/150px-%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg/225px-%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhollah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhollah (laman tidak wujud)">Ruhollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Khomeini">Musavi Khomeini</a>, pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Islam">Revolusi Islam</a> dan juga pengasas Republik Islam Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>Protes menentang <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> semakin meningkat dan akhirnya terjadilah <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> Iran terpaksa melarikan diri ke negara lain selepas kembalinya <a href="/wiki/Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Khomeini">Khomeini</a> dari buangan pada <a href="/wiki/1_Februari" title="1 Februari">1 Februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. Khomeini kemudiannya mengambil alih kuasa dan membentuk kerajaan sementara, pada <a href="/wiki/11_Februari" title="11 Februari">11 Februari</a> yang dikepalai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehdi_Bazargan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehdi Bazargan (laman tidak wujud)">Mehdi Bazargan</a> sebagai perdana menteri. Selepas itu, Khomeini membuat pungutan suara bagi membentuk sebuah <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a>. Keputusan undian menunjukkan lebih 98% rakyat Iran bersetuju dengan pembentukan itu. Sistem kerajaan baru yang dibentuk adalah berasaskan undang-undang Islam yang konservatif. </p><p>Tetapi, hubungan Iran dengan Amerika menjadi keruh selepas revolusi ini, terutamanya apabila mahasiswa-mahasiswa Iran menawan kedutaan Amerika pada <a href="/wiki/4_November" title="4 November">4 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>, atas alasan kedutaan itu menjadi pusat perisikan Amerika. Khomeini pula tidak mengambil sebarang tindakan mengenai tawanan ini sebaliknya memuji mahasiswa-mahasiswa itu. Sebagai tukaran, Iran mahukan <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> dikembalikan ke Iran, tetapi ini tidak dipersetujui Amerika. Selepas 444 hari didalam tawanan, akhirnya tebusan-tebusan itu dibebaskan menerusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Algiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Algiers (laman tidak wujud)">Deklarasi Algiers</a>. </p><p>Pada masa yang sama, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, presiden <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> ketika itu, mengambil kesempatan diatas kekabutan selepas revolusi Iran dan juga kekurangan populariti Iran di negara-negara barat, untuk melancarkan perang ke atas Iran. Tujuan utama peperangan ini ialah bagi menakluk beberapa wilayah yang dituntut Iraq, terutamanya wilayah <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan">Khuzestan</a> yang kaya dengan sumber minyak. Saddam pula ketika itu mendapat sokongan dari <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> dan beberapa negara Arab lain. Tentera Iran pula yang suatu masa dahulu merupakan sebuah tentera yang kuat, telah dibubarkan ketika itu. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka berjaya menyekat kemaraan tentera <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> seterusnya menawan semula wilayah Iran yang ditakluki Iraq. Dalam peperangan ini puluhan ribu nyawa, baik penduduk awam mahupun askar Iran, terkorban. Kebanyakan mereka mati kerana serangan senjata kimia yang digunakan oleh Iraq. Jumlah korban dianggarkan antara 500,000 hingga 1,000,000, menjadikannya sebagai jumlah korban senjata kimia kedua terbesar dalam sejarah manusia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kerajaan_dan_politik">Kerajaan dan politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Kerajaan dan politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kerajaan dan politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Dan_Politik_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Dan Politik Iran">Kerajaan Dan Politik Iran</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Luar_Negeri_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Luar Negeri Iran">Hubungan Luar Negeri Iran</a></div> <p>Iran adalah antara ahli pengasas <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> dan juga ahli kepada <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Persidangan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam">Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam</a> dan juga <a href="/wiki/Pergerakan_Negara-Negara_Berkecuali" title="Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali">Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali</a>. Sistem politik di Iran adalah berasaskan perlembagaan yang dinamakan "<i>Qanun-e Asasi</i>" (Undang-undang asas) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pemimpin_Agung">Pemimpin Agung</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Pemimpin Agung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pemimpin Agung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pemimpin Agung Iran bertanggung jawab terhadap "polisi-polisi umum Republik Islam Iran". Beliau juga merupakan ketua pasukan bersenjata dan badan perisikan Iran dan mempunyai kuasa mutlak untuk mengisytiharkan perang. Ketua kehakiman, stesen radio dan rangkaian televisyen, ketua polis dan tentera dan enam daripada dua belas ahli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Wali Iran</a> juga dilantik oleh Pemimpin Agung. <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Pakar" title="Majlis Pakar">Majlis Pakar</a> pula bertanggungjawab mengundi dan juga memecat Pemimpin Agung atas justifikasi kelayakan dan populariti individu itu. Majlis ini juga bertanggung jawab memantau tugasan Pemimpin Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eksekutif">Eksekutif</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Eksekutif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Eksekutif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang kedua terpenting dalam kerajaan Iran pula ialah presiden Iran. Setiap <a href="/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden">presiden</a> diundi dan akan memerintah Iran selama empat tahun. Setiap calon presiden pula mesti mendapat kelulusan daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Wali Iran</a> sebelum undian dibuat supaya mereka serasi dengan idea negara Islam. Tanggung jawab presiden pula adalah memastikan perlembagaan negara diikuti dan juga mempraktikan kuasa eksekutif. Tetapi presiden tidak berkuasa diatas perkara-perkara yang dibawah kuasa Pemimpin Agung. Presiden pula melantik dan memantau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabinet Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Kabinet Iran</a>, dan berkuasa membuat keputusan mengenai pentadbiran negara. Terdapat lapan timbalan presiden dan dua puluh satu menteri yang turut sama menolong presiden dalam pentadbiran, dan kesemua mereka mestilah mendapat kelulusan badan perundangan. Tidak seperti negara-negara lain, cabang eksekutif tidak berkuasa dalam pasukan bersenjata, tetapi presiden Iran berkuasa melantik Menteri Pertahanan dan Perisikan dan harus mendapat persetujuan Pemimpin Agung dan kelulusan badan perundangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majlis_Wali">Majlis Wali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Majlis Wali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Majlis Wali"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Wali Iran</a> mempunyai dua belas pakar undang-undang, dan enam daripada mereka dilantik oleh Pemimpin Agung. Ketua Kehakiman pula akan mencadangkan enam ahli selebihnya dan mereka akan dilantik secara rasminya oleh parlimen Iran atau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majles (laman tidak wujud)">Majles</a></i>. Majlis ini akan mentafsirkan perlembagaan dan mempunyai kuasa veto untuk keputusan dan keahlian parlimen Iran. Jikalau terdapat undang-undang yang tidak sesuai dengan hukum <a href="/wiki/Sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>, maka ia akan dirujuk semula oleh parlimen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majlis_Penyesuaian">Majlis Penyesuaian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Majlis Penyesuaian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Majlis Penyesuaian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majlis Penyesuaian berkuasa untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majles (laman tidak wujud)">parlimen</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Wali Iran</a>. Badan ini juga turut menjadi penasihat kepada Pemimpin Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parlimen">Parlimen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Parlimen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Parlimen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majles (laman tidak wujud)"><i>Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami</i></a> (Majlis Perundingan Islam) mempunyai 290 ahli yang dilantik dan akan bertugas selama empat tahun. Semua calon Majles dan rang undang-undang daripada parlimen haruslah mendapat persetujuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis Wali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kehakiman">Kehakiman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Kehakiman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kehakiman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pemimpin Agung akan melantik ketua kehakiman Iran, dan beliau pula akan melantik Mahkamah Agung dan juga ketua pendakwa awam. Terdapat beberapa jenis mahkamah di Iran termasuklah mahkamah awam yang bertanggungjawab atas kes-kes awam dan jenayah. Terdapat juga "Mahkamah Revolusi" yang mengadili beberapa kes-kes tertentu termasuklah isu mengenai keselamatan negara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majlis_Pakar">Majlis Pakar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Majlis Pakar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Majlis Pakar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Majlis_Pakar" title="Majlis Pakar">Majlis Pakar</a> yang bermesyuarat selama seminggu setiap tahun mempunyai 86 ahli yang pakar dalam ilmu-ilmu agama. Mereka diundi secara umum dan akan bertugas selama lapan tahun. Majlis ini akan menentukan kelayakan calon-calon presiden dan ahli parlimen. Majlis ini juga akan mengundi untuk jawatan Pemimpin Agung dan juga mempunyai kuasa untuk memecat beliau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majlis_Bandar_dan_Kampung">Majlis Bandar dan Kampung</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Majlis Bandar dan Kampung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Majlis Bandar dan Kampung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majlis tempatan akan diundi secara umum untuk bertugas selama empat tahun di ke semua bandar dan kampung. Kuasa majlis ini adalah pelbagai, daripada melantik datuk bandar hinggalah kepada menjaga kebajikan rakyat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Geografi Iran</a></div> <p>Iran adalah negara ketujuh belas terbesar di dunia. Keluasannya dianggarkan seluas 1,648,000 km² dimana 1,636,000 km² adalah daratan dan 12,000 km² adalah air. </p><p>Iran juga adalah antara negara yang bergunung ganang, dan gunung tertinggi ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Damavand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunung Damavand (laman tidak wujud)">Gunung Damavand</a> (setinggi 5,604 m). Kawasan baratnya dipenuhi dengan gunung-gunung manakala kawasan timurnya pula adalah padang pasir. </p><p>Iklim Iran adalah subtropikal sepanjang laut Kaspia dan kering sepanjang tahun. Disebelah utara pula, suhu ketika musim salji pula jatuh di bawah tahap beku tetapi kekal panas sepanjang musim-musim lain. Suhu di musim panas pula jarang naik setinggi 29 °C. Disebelah barat Iran iklimnya lebih sejuk dan musim salji yang terlalu sejuk. Di kawasan timur dan tengah lembangan, iklimnya lebih sederhana tetapi kering dan mengalami sedikit hujan dan suhu puratanya sepanjang musim panas pula naik melebihi 38 °C. Di kawasan dataran pinggir <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Parsi" title="Teluk Parsi">Teluk Parsi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> di Iran Selatan, suhunya sederhana ketika musim salji dan panas lembap ketika musim panas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Iran" title="Ekonomi Iran">Ekonomi Iran</a></div> <p><br /> Ekonomi Iran adalah campuran Ekonomi Perancangan Berpusat dengan sumber minyak dan perusahaan-perusahaan utamanya dimiliki kerajaan, dan juga terdapat beberapa perusahaan-perusahaan swasta. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Iran adalah stabil semenjak dua abad yang lalu. </p><p>Pada awal abad ke-21, peratusan sektor perkhidmatan dalam pengeluaran negara kasarnya,PNK, adalah yang tertinggi, diikuti dengan perlombongan dan pertanian. 45% daripada belanjawan negara adalah hasil perlombongan minyak dan gas asli, dan 31% pula adalah dari cukai. Pada tahun 2004, PNK Iran dianggarkan sebanyak $163 bilion atau $2,440 per kapita. </p><p>Rakan dagangan Iran pula adalah <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. Manakala, semenjak lewat 90-an, Iran mula meningkatkan kerjasama ekonomi dengan beberapa negara membangun termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan">Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/200px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/300px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/400px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="2037" /></a><figcaption>Peta menunjukkan jalan raya dan jalan kereta api utama di Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jaringan jalan raya di Iran adalah antara yang terbaik di dunia. Ia menghubungkan bandar-bandar utama dan kawasan-kawasan luar bandar. Pada tahun 2002, Iran mempunyai 178,152 km (111,000 batu) jalan raya dan 66% daripadanya adalah berturap. Manakala, terdapat 30 pengguna kereta bagi setiap 1000 penduduknya. Jalan keretapi di Iran pula adalah sepanjang 6,405 km (3,980 batu). Pelabuhan utama Iran ialah pelabuhan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a> yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a>. Pelabuhan ini dihubungkan dengan sistem jalan raya dan jalan kereta api bagi pengangkutan kargo. Jaringan kereta api Tehran-Bandar Abbas dibina pada tahun 1995 yang menghubungkan Bandar Abbas dengan seluruh Iran dan Asia Tengah melewati Tehran dan Mashad. Pelabuhan-pelabuhan lain pula ialah pelabuhan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Anzali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Anzali (laman tidak wujud)">Bandar Anzali</a> di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a>, pelabuhan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Turkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Turkmen (laman tidak wujud)">Bandar Turkmen</a> juga berhadapan dengan Laut Kaspia, dan pelabuhan korramshahr dan pelabuhan Bandar Khomeyni di <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Parsi" title="Teluk Parsi">Teluk Parsi</a>. Bandar-bandar utama di Iran juga dihubungkan dengan Pengangkutan Udara. <a href="/wiki/Iran_Air" title="Iran Air">Iran Air</a> pula adalah syarikat penerbangan kebangsaan Iran yang bertanggungjawab dalam pengangkutan udara di Iran dan luar Iran. Sistem transit pula terdapat di semua bandar-bandar utama manakala <a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahwaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahwaz (laman tidak wujud)">Ahwaz</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> sedang didalam proses membina jalan kereta api bawah tanah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pentadbiran">Pentadbiran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Pentadbiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pentadbiran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:IranNumbered.png" class="mw-file-description" title="wilayah-wilayah Iran mengikut nombor di sebelah kiri"><img alt="wilayah-wilayah Iran mengikut nombor di sebelah kiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/250px-IranNumbered.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/375px-IranNumbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/500px-IranNumbered.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>wilayah-wilayah Iran mengikut nombor di sebelah kiri</figcaption></figure> <p>Iran dibahagikan kepada tiga puluh <a href="/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">wilayah</a> yang diperintahi seorang governor (استاندار, ostāndār). Peta di sebelah tidak menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Hormozgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Hormozgan">wilayah Hormozgan</a>, (#20 di dalam senarai) yang merupakan sebuah pulau: </p> <table class="multicol" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:200px;;{{{col1style}}};">1 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Teheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Teheran">Teheran</a><br /> <p>2 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Qom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Qom">Qom</a><br /> 3 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Markazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Markazi">Markazi</a><br /> 4 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Qazvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Qazvin">Qazvin</a><br /> 5 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Gilan">Gilan</a><br /> 6 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Ardabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Ardabil">Ardabil</a><br /> 7 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Zanjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Zanjan">Zanjan</a><br /> 8 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Azarbaijan_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Azarbaijan Timur">Azarbaijan Timur</a><br /> 9 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Azarbaijan_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Azarbaijan Barat">Azarbaijan Barat</a><br /> </p> 10 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kurdistan_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistan</a><br /></td> <td style="width:1.25em;"></td> <td style="width:200px;;{{{col2style}}};">11 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Hamedan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Hamedan">Hamedan</a><br /> <p>12 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kermanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a><br /> 13 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Ilam" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Ilam">Ilam</a><br /> 14 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lorestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Lorestan">Lorestan</a><br /> 15 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Khuzestan">Khuzestan</a><br /> 16 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Chaharmahal_dan_Bakhtiari" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Chaharmahal dan Bakhtiari">Chaharmahal dan Bakhtiari</a><br /> 17 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kohkiluyeh_dan_Buyer_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Kohkiluyeh dan Buyer Ahmad">Kohkiluyeh dan Buyer Ahmad</a><br /> 18 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Bushehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Bushehr">Bushehr</a><br /> 19 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Fars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Fars">Fars</a><br /> </p> 20 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Hormozgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Hormozgan">Hormozgan</a><br /></td> <td style="width:1.25em;"></td> <td style="width:200px;;{{{col3style}}};">21 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Sistan_dan_Baluchestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Sistan dan Baluchestan">Sistan dan Baluchestan</a><br /> <p>22 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Kerman">Kerman</a><br /> 23 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Yazd" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Yazd">Yazd</a><br /> 24 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Isfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Isfahan">Isfahan</a><br /> 25 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Semnan" title="Wilayah Semnan">Semnan</a><br /> 26 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a><br /> 27 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Golestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Golestan">Golestan</a><br /> 28 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Khorasan_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Khorasan Utara">Khorasan Utara</a><br /> 29 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Razavi Khorasan">Razavi Khorasan</a><br /> </p> 30 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Khorasan_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Khorasan Selatan">Khorasan Selatan</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Demografi Iran</a></div> <p><br /> </p><p>Iran adalah sebuah negara yang berbilang suku dan agama. Etnik majoriti ialah <a href="/wiki/Parsi" title="Parsi">etnik Parsi</a> (51% daripada rakyatnya,) dan tujuh puluh peratus daripada rakyatnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Iran" title="Bangsa Iran">bangsa Iran</a>, keturunan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Arya" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Arya">orang Arya</a>. Kebanyakan penduduk Iran bertutur dalam bahasa yang tergolong dalam keluarga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Iran</a>, termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">bahasa Parsi</a>. Kumpulan minoriti Iran pula ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azeris (laman tidak wujud)">Azeris</a> (24%), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilaki_dan_Mazandarani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilaki dan Mazandarani (laman tidak wujud)">Gilaki dan Mazandarani</a> (8%), <a href="/wiki/Kurdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdi">Kurdi</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> (3%), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balochi (laman tidak wujud)">Balochi</a> (2%) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lurs (laman tidak wujud)">Lurs</a> (2%) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkmen (laman tidak wujud)">Turkmen</a> (2%), dan juga suku-suku lain (1%). Penutur ibunda bagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Iran</a> dianggarkan seramai 40 juta di Iran, dan jumlah keseluruhannya (merangkumi negara-negara lain) adalah seramai 150-200 juta. </p><p>Populasi Iran pada tahun 2006 adalah seramai 70 juta. Sebanyak dua pertiga daripada jumlah penduduknya dibawah umur 30 tahun dan peratusan penduduk yang celik huruf ialah 86%. Kadar pertambahan penduduknya semenjak setengah abad yang lepas adalah tinggi dan diramalkan akan menurun di masa depan. </p><p>Kebanyakan penduduk Iran adalah <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a>, dimana 90% <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> dan 8% pula adalah <a href="/wiki/Sunah_Waljamaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunah Waljamaah">Sunah Waljamaah</a>. 2% lagi adalah penganut agama <a href="/wiki/Bahai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai">Bahai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabea (laman tidak wujud)">Sabea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> diiktiraf oleh kerajaan Iran dan turut mempunyai perwakilan di parlimen. Agama <a href="/wiki/Bahai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai">Bahai</a> pula tidak diiktiraf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bandar-Bandar_Utama">Bandar-Bandar Utama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Bandar-Bandar Utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bandar-Bandar Utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iran mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan kawasan bandar antara yang tertinggi di dunia. Dari tahun 1950 hingga tahun 2002, peratusan penduduk bandar meningkat dari 27 peratus hingga 60 peratus<sup id="cite_ref-payvand2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-payvand2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tourismandtravel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourismandtravel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. PBB menjangkakan pada tahun 2030, populasi di bandar akan mencecah 80 peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan penduduk Iran<sup id="cite_ref-tourismandtravel_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourismandtravel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tumpuan migrasi dalam negeri pula ialah <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> yang merupakan bandar terbesar di Iran. Teheran mempunyai penduduk seramai 7,160,094 dan kawasan <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolisnya</a> pula seramai 14 juta. Kebanyakan industri Iran bertumpu di kota ini. Antaranya ialah industri otomobil, elektronik dan elektrikal, pembuatan senjata api, tekstil, dan industri kimia. Berikut adalah lapan bandar terbesar Iran dan juga jumlah penduduknya. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms&wpDestFile=Imam_Ali_Reza.jpg" class="new" title="Fail:Imam Ali Reza.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120" data-height="120">Mashad 2,463,393</span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad">Mashad</a><br />2,463,393</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karaj 1,602,350"><img alt="Karaj 1,602,350" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/120px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/180px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/240px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a><br />1,602,350</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:40sotoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isfahan 1,600,554"><img alt="Isfahan 1,600,554" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/120px-40sotoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/180px-40sotoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/240px-40sotoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a><br />1,600,554</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms&wpDestFile=Tabriz_View.jpg" class="new" title="Fail:Tabriz View.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120" data-height="120">Tabriz 1,496,319</span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a><br />1,496,319</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz 1,307,552"><img alt="Shiraz 1,307,552" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/120px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/180px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/240px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="955" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Shiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Shiraz">Shiraz</a><br />1,307,552</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qom 1,081,745"><img alt="Qom 1,081,745" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/90px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/135px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/180px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a><br />1,081,745</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ahvaz 832,969"><img alt="Ahvaz 832,969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/120px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/180px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/240px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a><br />832,969</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ketenteraan">Ketenteraan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Ketenteraan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ketenteraan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Ketenteraan_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketenteraan Iran">Ketenteraan Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:BasijMembers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/b/b1/BasijMembers.jpg/220px-BasijMembers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/b/b1/BasijMembers.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Pasukan wanita dalam tentera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basij (laman tidak wujud)">Basij</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ketenteraan Iran terbahagi kepada dua pasukan iaitu pasukan tentera negara dan pasukan tentera revolusi. Pasukan tentera Iran keseluruhannya berjumlah seramai 545,000 pegawai.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua-dua pasukan bersenjata ini diletakkan dibawah kuasa Menteri Pertahanan dan Logistik Pasukan Bersenjata Iran. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tentera nasional Iran mempunyai 420,000 pegawai yang dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan utama iaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Darat_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Darat Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Darat Iran</a> sebanyak 350,000 pegawai, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Laut_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Laut Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Laut Iran</a> sebanyak 18,000 pegawai dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Udara Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Udara Iran</a> sebanyak 52,000 pegawai.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tentera revolusi pula mempunyai seramai 125,000 pegawai yang terbahagi kepada lima cabang iaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Qods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Qods (laman tidak wujud)">Pasukan Qods</a> (pasukan khas), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basij (laman tidak wujud)">Basij</a> (para-ketenteraan), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Laut_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Laut Revolusi (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Laut Revolusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Udara_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Udara Revolusi (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Udara Revolusi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Darat_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Darat Revolusi (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Darat Revolusi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tentera Basij adalah tentera para-ketenteraan yang mempunyai keahlian penuh seramai 90,000 askar dan juga 30,000 askar simpanan ditambah dengan 11 juta lelaki dan perempuan yang berkemampuan dalam mobiliti.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kekuatan tentera Iran dirahsiakan daripada pengetahuan umum. Namun, pada tahun lepas, Iran mengumumkan pembangunan beberapa senjata seperti peluru berpandu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajr-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajr-3 (laman tidak wujud)">Fajr-3</a>, peluru berpandu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kowsar (laman tidak wujud)">Kowsar</a>, peluru berpandu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fateh-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fateh-110 (laman tidak wujud)">Fateh-110</a>, peluru berpandu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahab-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahab-3 (laman tidak wujud)">Shahab-3</a> dan beberapa pembinaan jentera tentera. </p><p>Peluru berpandu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajr-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajr-3 (laman tidak wujud)">Fajr-3</a> adalah antara pembangunan ketenteraan Iran yang paling berjaya buat masa ini. Ia dibina di Iran sendiri dan menggunakan bendalir minyak untuk pembakaran bahan api. Julat peluru berpandu ini dirahsiakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Kebudayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kebudayaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Iran" title="Kebudayaan Iran">Kebudayaan Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Higherself.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/ac/Higherself.jpg/150px-Higherself.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/ac/Higherself.jpg/225px-Higherself.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/ac/Higherself.jpg/300px-Higherself.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi">Rumi</a>, seorang ahli <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iran mempunyai sejarah yang lama dalam <a href="/wiki/Kesenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesenian">kesenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik">muzik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi">puisi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filasafah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filasafah (laman tidak wujud)">filasafah</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idelogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idelogi (laman tidak wujud)">idelogi</a>. </p><p>Kebudayaan Iran telah lama mempengaruhi kebudayaan-kebudayaan lain di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>. Malahan, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Bahasa Parsi</a> merupakan bahasa intelektual ketika milenium kedua AD. Kebanyakan hasil tulisan Parsi diterjemahkan ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab</a> ketika zaman empayar Islam. Ketika zaman awal pemelukan Islam oleh orang Parsi, kebanyakan karya Parsi ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab</a>. Tetapi, ketika zaman pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyah">Umayyah</a>, orang-orang Parsi ditindas oleh bangsa Arab. Ini menyebabkan ramai ahli-ahli intelektual Parsi mula menggunakan bahasa Parsi dalam tulisan mereka. Salah satu karya ini ialah kitab <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i> hasil tulisan <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, sebuah karya mengenai sejarah negara Iran. </p><p>Kesasteraan Iran juga tidak kurang hebatnya. Antara sasterawan Iran yang terkenal ialah <a href="/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi">Rumi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Muslih-ud-Din_Mushrif-ibn-Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslih-ud-Din Mushrif-ibn-Abdullah">Saadi</a>. Kedua-dua mereka merupakan ahli <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> dan banyak menyumbang dalam puisi-puisi <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sarkhosh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sarkhosh_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSarkhosh_Curtis,_VestaStewart,_Sarah2005" class="citation cs2">Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0IF9IdkdYEC"><i>Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran</i></a>, London: I.B. Tauris, m/s. 108, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84511-062-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84511-062-8"><bdi>978-1-84511-062-8</bdi></a>, <q>Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name 'Iran' disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or 'Iranian lands', which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birth+of+the+Persian+Empire%3A+The+Idea+of+Iran&rft.place=London&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-062-8&rft.au=Sarkhosh+Curtis%2C+Vesta&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0IF9IdkdYEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_J._Newman_2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_J._Newman_2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>Andrew J. Newman 2006</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#">"Surface water and surface water change"</a>. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amar.org.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2F%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOIR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2018&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2Fsi.pov.gini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf"><i>Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. m/s. 343–346. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-92-1-126442-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-92-1-126442-5"><bdi>978-92-1-126442-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020+The+Next+Frontier%3A+Human+Development+and+the+Anthropocene&rft.pages=343-346&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.isbn=978-92-1-126442-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-payvand2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-payvand2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPayvand" class="citation web cs1">Payvand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/03/nov/1135.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Iran: Focus on reverse migration<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2006-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Iran%3A+Focus+on+reverse+migration%22&rft.au=Payvand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F03%2Fnov%2F1135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourismandtravel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tourismandtravel_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tourismandtravel_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCultural_Heritage_New_Agency" class="citation web cs1">Cultural Heritage New Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823183650/http://tourism.chn.ir/en/aboutIran/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Tourism and Travel: About Iran<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. 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Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.ir/">yang asal</a> pada 2008-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=salinan+arkib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006</i>, m/s:187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS</i>, London, 2006, m/s:187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm">http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm</a>]</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Portal:Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6350819">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px;padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Portal Iran </a></span></li></ul> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Iran" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Iran">Iran</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Cari <i><b><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Khas:Gelintar/Iran" class="extiw" title="wikt:Khas:Gelintar/Iran">Iran</a></b></i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wikikamus</a> bahasa Melayu, kamus bebas.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikikembara memiliki panduan pelancongan bagi <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Iran#Q794" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Iran">Iran</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerajaan">Kerajaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bahagian: Kerajaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kerajaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040714094508/http://www.president.ir/eng/">Laman web rasmi Presiden Iran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/">Blog Presiden Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071003013439/http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-10-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pautan_lain">Pautan lain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranologyfo.com/low-e01.htm">Perlembagaan Iran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/Iran">Laman web Encyclopaedia Britannica - "Iran"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articlenavigation/index.isc">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikiran.org/">WikIran Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible nowraplinks" style="margin:auto; text-align:left; color:white;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Iran" title="Templat:Topik Iran"><span title="Lihat templat ini" style="">p</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Topik_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Topik Iran (laman tidak wujud)"><span title="Bincang templat ini" style="">b</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Iran&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini" style="">s</span></a></li></ul></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;"><big>Mengenali Iran</big></span></a></span></th> </tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Parsi" title="Empayar Parsi">Empayar Parsi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arya" title="Arya">Arya</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empayar_Sasan" title="Empayar Sasan">Empayar Sasan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Awal_Islam_di_Parsi" title="Sejarah Awal Islam di Parsi">Sejarah Awal Islam di Parsi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Safawiyah" title="Wangsa Safawiyah">Wangsa Safawiyah</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a></span></td><td rowspan="8" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Iran" title="Politik Iran">Politik dan Kerajaan</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran">Pemimpin Agung</a> •</span><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Iran" title="Presiden Iran">Presiden</a> •</span><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_luar_negeri_Iran" title="Hubungan luar negeri Iran">Hubungan luar negeri Iran</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Geografi</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iklim_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iklim Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Iklim</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_dan_fauna_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora dan fauna Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Flora dan Fauna</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Iran" title="Ekonomi Iran">Ekonomi</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perindustrian_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perindustrian Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Perindustrian</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkhidmatan_Iran" title="Perkhidmatan Iran">Perkhidmatan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perlombongan_Iran" title="Perlombongan Iran">Perlombongan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pertanian_Iran" title="Pertanian Iran">Pertanian</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Teheran" title="Bursa Saham Teheran">Bursa Saham Teheran</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rial_Iran" title="Rial Iran">Rial Iran</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Demografi</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_Iran" title="Bahasa di Iran">Bahasa</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Iran" title="Agama di Iran">Agama</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnik_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnik Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Etnik</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Iran" title="Kebudayaan Iran">Kebudayaan</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kesenian_Parsi" title="Kesenian Parsi">Kesenian</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sastera_Parsi" title="Sastera Parsi">Sastera</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarian_Parsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarian Parsi (laman tidak wujud)">Tarian</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seni_bina_Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni bina Parsi">Seni Bina</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_Dan_Pengangkutan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi Dan Pengangkutan Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Komunikasi dan Pengangkutan</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkutan_darat_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkutan darat Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Pengangkutan Darat</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkutan_laut_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkutan laut Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Pengangkutan Laut</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkutan_udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkutan udara Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Pengangkutan Udara</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekomunikasi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekomunikasi Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Telekomunikasi</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ketenteraan_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketenteraan Iran">Ketenteraan</a></th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Darat_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Darat Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Darat</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Laut_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Laut Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Laut</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Udara Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Udara</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Revolusi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Revolusi Iran (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Revolusi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Basij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Basij (laman tidak wujud)">Pasukan Basij</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pergerakan_Negara-Negara_Berkecuali_dan_sukan_makan_ikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali dan sukan makan ikan (laman tidak wujud)"><span title="Lihat templat ini" style="">p</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Pergerakan_Negara-Negara_Berkecuali_dan_sukan_makan_ikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali dan sukan makan ikan (laman tidak wujud)"><span title="Bincang templat ini" style="">b</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pergerakan_Negara-Negara_Berkecuali_dan_sukan_makan_ikan&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini" style="">s</span></a></li></ul></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Pergerakan_Negara-Negara_Berkecuali" title="Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali">Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali</a> (NAM)</span></th> </tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;">Ahli-ahli:</th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Afrika_Tengah" title="Republik Afrika Tengah">Republik Afrika Tengah</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">Republik Demokratik Congo</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Congo" title="Republik Congo">Republik Congo</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamaika" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestin" title="Negara Palestin">Negara Palestin</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dan_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent dan the Grenadines">Saint Vincent dan the Grenadines</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_dan_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé dan Príncipe">São Tomé dan Príncipe</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_dan_Tobago" title="Trinidad dan Tobago">Trinidad dan Tobago</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amiriah_Arab_Bersatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiriah Arab Bersatu">Amiriah Arab Bersatu</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></span></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nam_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo Nam"><img alt="Logo Nam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/6/65/Nam_logo.jpg/50px-Nam_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/6/65/Nam_logo.jpg/75px-Nam_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/6/65/Nam_logo.jpg/100px-Nam_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;">Negara-negara pemerhati:</th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_dan_Barbuda" title="Antigua dan Barbuda">Antigua dan Barbuda</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf;white-space:nowrap;">Organisasi pemerhati:</th> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="1"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Afrika" title="Kesatuan Afrika">Kesatuan Afrika</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_Islam_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:OIC" title="Templat:OIC"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:OIC" title="Perbincangan templat:OIC"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:OIC&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_Islam_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_Islam" title="Pertubuhan Kerjasama Islam">Pertubuhan Kerjasama Islam</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestin" title="Negara Palestin">Palestin</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5375175"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Asia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Asia" title="Perbincangan templat:Asia"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Asia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Asia" title="Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan di Asia">Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table class="wikitable" style="margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja">Kemboja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Western_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestin" title="Negara Palestin">Palestin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Utara" title="Asia Utara">Utara</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Central_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:North_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Timur" title="Asia Timur">Asia Timur</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:East_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau">Macau</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:South_Asia_(orthographic_projection)_without_national_boundaries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/50px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/75px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/100px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan dan negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad</b> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan :</b> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lautan_Hindi_British" title="Wilayah Lautan Hindi British">Wilayah Lautan Hindi British</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Krismas" title="Pulau Krismas">Pulau Krismas</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</small> </span><br /> <b>Negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad :</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Cyprus_Utara" title="Republik Turki Cyprus Utara">Cyprus Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_China_di_Taiwan" title="Republik China di Taiwan">Republik China (Taiwan)</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> (negeri <a href="/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a>).</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>.</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Pentadbiran_Khas_Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas Republik Rakyat China">Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404539679">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149669363">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2945159337534613150000">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/149669363">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90221401">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000270238">Chile</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451360">Sepanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981061103965506706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12589">Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027653-3">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559654805171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79039880">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564213">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131735&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35236304">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_633">Vatican</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galeri seni dan muzium</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/12696/">Victoria</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institut penyelidikan seni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/03ebe7c5-ec5a-4b92-85e6-28f8c4ffbb97">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01363859?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204889/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003410">Kamus Sejarah Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a63fbc7f-af00-33c7-8616-3e86df9fc16b">(kawasan)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044493">Arkib Negara (A.S.)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pendokumenan_Universiti" title="Sistem Pendokumenan Universiti">SUDOC (Perancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488655">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488930">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/iran">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/876427">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/vePVRKUd">Parlimen U.K.</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=6274807">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=6274807</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNC (laman 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