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id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1912 plot in Albania</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>Taksim meeting</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Mbledhja e Taksimit</i>) alternatively known as the <b>Taksim Plot</b> (<span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Komploti i Taksimit</i></span>) and less commonly as the <b>Taksim Assembly</b> (<span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Kuvendi i Taksimit</i></span>) was a secret meeting held in January 1912 by Albanian nationalist deputies of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman parliament</a> and other prominent Albanian political figures. The event gets its name from <a href="/wiki/Taksim_Square" title="Taksim Square">Taksim Square</a> because of the location of the house where it was held. The meeting was organized on the initiative of Hasan Prishtina and Ismail Qemali, Albanian politicians, who invited most of the MPs of Albanian origin and aimed at launching an armed general uprising in Albanian territories against the central government headed by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a> (CUP). The meeting followed two other <a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Albanian uprisings of 1910</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Kosovo">Vilayet of Kosovo</a> and 1911 in the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1911">mountains of upper Shkodra</a>. The Taksim meeting resulted in an <a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">uprising the same year</a>, with armed uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lezhë">Lezhë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB" title="Mirditë">Mirditë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kruj%C3%AB" title="Krujë">Krujë</a> and other Albanian provinces, which exceeded the organizers' expectations. The biggest uprising was in Kosovo, where the rebels were more organized and managed to take over important cities like <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peja" title="Peja">Peja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjakova" title="Gjakova">Gjakova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo" title="Mitrovica, Kosovo">Mitrovica</a> and others. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Albania" title="Category:History of Albania">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of <span class="fn org label">Albania</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Albania"><img alt="State emblem of Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origin of the Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Albania under the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Albania under the Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Angevin Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Principality of Albania (medieval)">Principality of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania under Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Mirdita">Principality of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Sanjak of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Sanjak of Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Sanjak of Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the <i>beys</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Revolt of 1843–1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">Revolt of 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">Revolt of 1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1911">Revolt of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Battle of Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Late modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Congress_of_Trieste" title="Albanian Congress of Trieste">Congress of Trieste</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Control_Commission_(Albania)" title="International Control Commission (Albania)">International Commission of Control</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Revolt_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Revolt in Albania">Peasant Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Republic of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate (southern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="Congress of Durrës">Congress of Durrës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Lushnj%C3%AB" title="Congress of Lushnjë">Congress of Lushnjë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania#June_Revolution" title="History of Albania">June Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality (Regency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania under Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German occupation of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">World War II in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Albania)" title="Liberation Day (Albania)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Socialist Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Albanian civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Republic of Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_monarchs" title="List of Albanian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Names</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Albania" title="Template talk:History of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_(1902).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg/220px-Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg/330px-Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg/440px-Group_of_Albanian_insurgents_%281902%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Group of Albanian insurgents, published on <i>L'Illustrazione Italiana</i> in 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Turk revolution">Young Turk revolution</a> of June 1908 and the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Constitution of the Ottoman Empire">1876 constitution</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdülhamid II">Abdülhamid II</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/1908_Ottoman_general_election" title="1908 Ottoman general election">parliamentary elections</a> of the same year, between 26 and 28 Albanian deputies were elected to represent the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Albanian provinces</a> in the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015361Gawrych2006153–154,_157Blumi2013542–543_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015361Gawrych2006153–154,_157Blumi2013542–543-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1902, two principal trends among the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a> began to take shape, one favoring <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Turkey" title="Liberalism in Turkey">Ottoman liberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of the first current would form the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a> (CUP) which would govern the empire for the most part during the post-revolutionary years. While the second current, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Liberty Party (Ottoman Empire)">Liberty Party</a>, would serve as the main opposition group against CUP during 1908–1910.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter, unlike the CUP which was more organized as a political force, did not constitute a unified force but rather consisted of deputies who opposed the ruling party and its policies in their constituencies. Albanian politicians were divided into both camps with prominent figures in the highest ranks of both CUP and Liberals. There were also political figures who remained independent and give their support to one or the other depending on the situation or personal benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009556,_618_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009556,_618-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The restoration of the constitution was generally well-received among Albanians, as they had played an active role in the revolution, but also driven by the promises the revolutionaries had offered, such as freedom and rights long denied by what was perceived as the <a href="/wiki/Despotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotic">despotic</a> Hamidian regime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2004320_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2004320-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Albanian provinces the implementation of the freedoms and rights guaranteed by the constitution began by opening Albanian schools, creating so-called patriotic clubs, and opening newspapers and journals throughout the empire in order to raise national awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009552–553Skendi2015344–345_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009552–553Skendi2015344–345-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon these developments would contradict the very policies of the ruling party, as the CUP began to see them as a threat to <a href="/wiki/Ottomanism" title="Ottomanism">Ottomanism</a> and their intention to centralize power in Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarku2017101–102Skendi2015344–346_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarku2017101–102Skendi2015344–346-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clashes began early, with the Albanians attempting to adopt a <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a> culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a> in 1909, almost a year after the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006179‒183_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006179‒183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the CUP pushed for the adoption of a Turkish-Arabic script, Albanian intellectuals rejected this as incompatible with the phonetics of the Albanian language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006179‒183Clayer2009561Vickers199963_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006179‒183Clayer2009561Vickers199963-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation would worsen a year later in the Albanian revolt of 1910 where the Ottoman forces initially under the command of Cavid Pasha and then <a href="/wiki/Shevket_Turgut_Pasha" title="Shevket Turgut Pasha">Shevket Turgut Pasha</a> under the pretext of suppressing the "<a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionaries</a>" and the "<a href="/wiki/Cheta_(armed_group)" title="Cheta (armed group)">çetas</a>" would commit atrocities in the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_vilayet" title="Kosovo vilayet">Vilayet of Kosovo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Shkodra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Shkodra">Vilayet of Shkodra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009618Skendi2015393;_406‒407Clayer2013101‒102Vickers199963_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009618Skendi2015393;_406‒407Clayer2013101‒102Vickers199963-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albanians secured some victories but after <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shevket_Pasha" title="Mahmud Shevket Pasha">Mahmud Shevket Pasha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of War (Ottoman Empire)">Minister of War</a>, took over command and was reinforced with an additional 35–40,000 soldiers the revolt was suppressed without much difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006177Skendi2015405Blumi2013539_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006177Skendi2015405Blumi2013539-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A year later another revolt took place in March 1911 in <a href="/wiki/Malesia,_North_Macedonia" title="Malesia, North Macedonia">Malësia</a>, organized by the mostly Catholic fis of Malësors (lit. 'highlanders').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199963‒64_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199963‒64-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar uprisings, but more limited in number and size, took place in <a href="/wiki/Mirdita" title="Mirdita">Mirdita</a>, highlands of <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a>, and in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015411‒412,_423_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015411‒412,_423-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was quite the same in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Albania" title="Southern Albania">Toskëria</a>, where during the last year the activity of guerrilla çetas had significantly increased in almost every area of <a href="/wiki/Janina_vilayet" title="Janina vilayet">Janina vilayet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The çetas consisted of both <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Albania" title="Christianity in Albania">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Muslim</a> Albanians, and according to Ottoman intelligence, they demanded the autonomy of the Albanian provinces, complementing the unrest in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Albania" title="Northern Albania">Gegëria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188Vickers199965_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188Vickers199965-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although uncoordinated and seemingly unrelated to each other, these uprisings had a great effect on the politics in Constantinople, creating dissatisfaction between the Albanian deputies and the government. Both events contributed to the breaking of relations between the Albanians members of the CUP and the party itself, including founding members like <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Temo" title="Ibrahim Temo">Ibrahim Temo</a>, and other prominent figures like <a href="/wiki/Nexhip_Draga" title="Nexhip Draga">Nexhip Bey Draga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedri_Pejani" title="Bedri Pejani">Bedri Bey Pejani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Prishtina" title="Hasan Prishtina">Hasan Bey Prishtina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Essad_Toptani" title="Essad Toptani">Essad Pasha Toptani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246Gawrych2006141Clayer2009343_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246Gawrych2006141Clayer2009343-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:167px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_Prishtina_(portret).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg/129px-Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg/194px-Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg/258px-Hasan_Prishtina_%28portret%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hasan Prishtina</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:167px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ismail_Qemali_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg/125px-Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg/188px-Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg/250px-Ismail_Qemali_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="611" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ismail Qemali</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Furthermore, due to the failure of the CUP to implement reforms and end the repressive measures against Albanians, from the middle of 1911 to the end of the year the debates in parliament had taken on a threatening tone between the Albanian MPs and the government. The departure of Albanian deputies from the CUP continued, as 7 out of 10 deputies had joined the ranks of the opposition or the independents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the opposition, which since November 21 of that year had coalesced under the umbrella of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Accord_Party" title="Freedom and Accord Party">Freedom and Accord Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası</i>), better known as Liberal Entente, tended to support the Albanian question.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016118‒119Frashëri2004338Gawrych2006190Skendi2015425_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016118‒119Frashëri2004338Gawrych2006190Skendi2015425-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albanian political figures, despite the divisions of the past, had now begun to become aware of the common threat and started to unify their positions in parliament, becoming perhaps the Unionists' most bitter opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323Gawrych2006190_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323Gawrych2006190-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of December, the political situation in Constantinople continued to boil and the CUP had begun to seriously consider dissolving the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)">Chamber of Deputies</a> with the ultimate aim of removing dissident deputies from parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307Frashëri2004338‒339Skendi2015425_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307Frashëri2004338‒339Skendi2015425-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 January 1912, the nationalist deputy of Liberal Entente, Hasan Bey declared in parliament: "If the Government does not change its policies and administration in Albania, if the Albanians do not receive the political rights that are incumbent upon them, it is inevitable that there will be an explosion, and grave and bloody incidents will be the consequence." adding "I mean that if the '<a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a>' continue pursuing these cruel domestic policies, I myself will be among the first to raise the banner of rebellion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana20099Kadria2016119,_121ElsieDestani201969‒71Clayer2009627_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana20099Kadria2016119,_121ElsieDestani201969‒71Clayer2009627-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the session closed, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Qemali" title="Ismail Qemali">Ismail Bey Qemali</a>, also a member of the Liberal Entente, approached and congratulated Hasan Bey for the stance held and together they decided to meet at Hasan Prishtina's house to discuss the steps that could be taken to put into practice measures which would force the CUP to accept the demands of the Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meeting_and_participants">Meeting and participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meeting and participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:181px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrja_Vlora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syrja_Vlora.jpg/126px-Syrja_Vlora.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syrja_Vlora.jpg/189px-Syrja_Vlora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Syrja_Vlora.jpg/252px-Syrja_Vlora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Syrja Vlora</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:181px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mufid_Libohova_(portret).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg/128px-Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg/192px-Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg/256px-Mufid_Libohova_%28portret%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3515" data-file-height="4974" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mufid Libohova</div></div></div></div></div> <p>After discussions between Qemali and Prishtina, both concluded that a general revolt was the only solution and that Albania's autonomy should be the ultimate goal, as only then could the long-demanded freedoms and rights be guaranteed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Malcolm2002245‒246Kadria2016121ElsieDestani201969‒71_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Malcolm2002245‒246Kadria2016121ElsieDestani201969‒71-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To achieve the goal, they agreed upon meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Pera_Palace_Hotel" title="Pera Palace Hotel">Pera Palace Hotel</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> district of Constantinople, where Qemali lived for some time and talked in more detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day the two agreed that in order to achieve the goal they had to seek the support of other Albanian deputies who had the same convictions as them and who could be trusted. It was agreed that the meeting would be held in the form of a <i><a href="/wiki/Kuvend" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuvend">Kuvend</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Assembly</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and to make sure that the meeting was as secret as possible and hidden from the authorities. As such, it was decided to hold it at the nearby home of <a href="/wiki/Syrja_Vlora" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrja Vlora">Syrja Bey Vlora</a>, the brother of the former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers" title="List of Ottoman grand viziers">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Ferid_Pasha" title="Mehmed Ferid Pasha">Mehmed Ferid Pasha</a> and who was also Qemali's first cousin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121Cana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Ikonomi201241‒42_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121Cana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Ikonomi201241‒42-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event would later be known in Albanian historiography as the "Taksim Plot" because of the location where it was held near Taksim Square.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani2019_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani2019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syrja Bey, a well-known Austrophile, did not hesitate to express differing views from Qemali, so much that opposing factions developed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGostentschnigg2017531_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGostentschnigg2017531-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not a MP, Syrja Bey supported the full independence of Albania and did not hesitate to express this view publicly, either in newspaper articles of the empire or through interviews published in the Austrian press. This view was contrary to what the others had opted of obtaining or at least hoped to do so, namely an autonomy under the Ottoman Empire itself, as the fear of opening up many fronts in the Balkans in their view could have costed Albanians territories which couldn't be defended against multiple hostile armies with the support of a <a href="/wiki/Great_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Power">Great Power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkonomi201241‒43Kadria2016141‒144_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkonomi201241‒43Kadria2016141‒144-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aziz_Vrioni_(portret).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg/124px-Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg/186px-Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg/248px-Aziz_Vrioni_%28portret%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aziz Vrioni</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esad_Toptani2_(portret).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg/130px-Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg/195px-Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg/260px-Esad_Toptani2_%28portret%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Essad Pasha Toptani</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In addition to the two organizers and the host of the meeting, it was decided to invite <a href="/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani" class="mw-redirect" title="Essad Pasha Toptani">Essad Pasha Toptani</a>, the deputy of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="Sanjak of Durrës">Sanjak of Durrës</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mufid_Libohova" title="Mufid Libohova">Mufid bej Libohova</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Vrioni" title="Aziz Vrioni">Aziz Pasha Vrioni</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Vlorë</a>, all highly influential figures in the areas where they operated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Kadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani201969‒71_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Kadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani201969‒71-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting started under the chairmanship of Qemali, while Hasan Bey asked all those present that before starting the discussion to take the <i><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></i> ('take oath' or 'word of honor'), since the meeting should be kept secret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a summary of what had happened during the post-revolutionary period and especially the last 2 years against the Albanians, it was argued to all present that the only solution to gain the rights was through a general armed uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009627_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009627-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of autonomy was also put forward, considering that the independence was unlikely to find support among religious fanatics or in those who were still loyal to the sultan and empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasan Bey Prishtina took on the task of organizing the other leaders of the Vilayet of Kosovo, aiming to persuade them to join the cause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Skendi2015427‒428_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Skendi2015427‒428-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of them until recently had been members of the CUP, such as <a href="/wiki/Bedri_Pejani" title="Bedri Pejani">Bedri Bey Pejani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nexhip_Draga" title="Nexhip Draga">Nexhip Bey Draga</a>, while others such as <a href="/wiki/Isa_Boletini" title="Isa Boletini">Isa Boletini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riza_Bey_Gjakova" title="Riza Bey Gjakova">Riza Bey Gjakova</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kryeziu_family" title="Kryeziu family">Kryeziu</a>), the latter at the time exiled to <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, were sworn followers of Abdülhamid II, the ousted sultan by the Young Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essad Pasha was the person who had read the <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> of the dethronement in the sultan's presence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006167–168_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006167–168-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also those who were ready to join the revolt without much persuasive effort, such as <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Curri" title="Bajram Curri">Bajram Curri</a>, one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Krasniqi_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasniqi tribe">Krasniqi</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201976‒77_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201976‒77-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While to provide support from Great Powers and especially finding the weapons and money that would be needed for the revolt, Ismail Qemali took over promising that 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser</a> rifles and about 10,000 gold <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_(coin)" title="Napoléon (coin)">Napoléons</a> would be sent through <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Gawrych2006190‒191Skendi2015427‒428_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Gawrych2006190‒191Skendi2015427‒428-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would also travel to Europe to secure outside support. Essad Pasha guaranteed that he would deal with the preparations for the uprising in central Albania and in <a href="/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB" title="Mirditë">Mirditë</a>. Aziz Pasha with Syrja Vlora would prepare the revolt in the area of <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a> while Mufid Libohova in that of <a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a> and the surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_and_the_uprising">Preparations and the uprising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparations and the uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Albanian revolt of 1912</a></div> <p>On 18 January 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)">Chamber of Deputies</a> was dissolved by sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet V">Mehmet V</a> at the instigation of the CUP, in the hope that through new elections it would replace dissident deputies with loyalists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarku2017103Clayer2009627Skendi2015425_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarku2017103Clayer2009627Skendi2015425-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This complicated things for some conspirators, as they would have to win a new mandate while a revolt could jeopardize their ground support. Between January and February all conspirators had returned to their areas of influence, except for Qemali who had traveled to Europe but was following the events closely through his agents in the field, including <a href="/wiki/Luigj_Gurakuqi" title="Luigj Gurakuqi">Luigj Gurakuqi</a>, a young Catholic activist from Shkodër and Fazil Pasha Toptani, cousin of Essad Pasha, who had both long been Qemali's close associates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013115_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013115-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of January, the situation in Albania, which was already bad, had considerably worsened. A further complication had arisen in the refusal to pay taxes by the peasants of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza">kazas</a></i> of Vlorë and Gjirokastër.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tax collectors were threatened with death if they persisted and therefore sought military assistance which was explicitly refused by the local military authorities and the matter was referred to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Ottoman Empire)">Ministry of Interior</a>. Local officials thought that Ismail Qemali and other figures were behind these movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg/220px-Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg/330px-Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg/440px-Die_Meuterei_in_Albanien_-_Wiener_Bilder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>Some deserting Ottoman officers who join the uprising in the mountains of Albania illustrated by the <i>Wiener Bilder</i> in July 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>In contemporary historiography, some academics have asserted that the uprising had the support of the Freedom and Accord Party that through <a href="/wiki/Riza_Nur" class="mw-redirect" title="Riza Nur">Riza Nur</a> maintained through intermediaries contacts with conspirators. In fact, behind the liberals stood <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sabahaddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Sabahaddin">Prince Sabahaddin</a> who was said to be one of the financiers of the revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021381_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021381-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riza Nur had also made possible the release from exile of one of the most influential leaders in the <a href="/wiki/Gjakova" title="Gjakova">Gjakova</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Riza_Bey_Gjakova" title="Riza Bey Gjakova">Riza Bey Gjakova</a> (Kryeziu).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a> because of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-coup">counter-coup</a> of 1909 known as the <a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">31 March Incident</a>, when religious fanatics and supporters of the then incumbent Sultan tried to overthrow the Young Turk government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This claim would be supported by later authors such as Süleyman Külçe in his book <i>Osmanli tarihinde Arnavutluk</i> published in 1944 but would be revived by other authors of the 21st century such as Aykut Kansu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016121Kansu2021_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016121Kansu2021-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan Bey Prishtina in his memoirs after the events denied the involvement of a party dominated and organized by ethic Turks in a <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlet</a> published in 1920, arguing that the organization of the uprising would be impossible and dangerous if they were aware of such a plan. Hasan Prishtina in response to later claims would assert: "we were not crazy enough to inform the Turks about our Albanian plot, nor would the Turks have allowed the Albanians to take up arms against their army."<i> adding </i>"[We] the conspirators profited from the antagonism between the political parties but without infringing in any manner on the purely national character of the plot.".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani2019_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani2019-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact date of the beginning of the Albanian General Uprising of 1912 is difficult to determine because the insurgent actions were not organized under a top-down military hierarchy. In fact, they were local, sporadic, and unrelated to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016125_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016125-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Continuous attacks took place in the period between January and February. They were mainly concentrated in the suburbs of Gjakova and <a href="/wiki/Peja" title="Peja">Peja</a> and caused some casualties to the Ottoman forces. While in the months of March and April the electoral elections had started and the reformed government of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Said_Pasha" title="Mehmed Said Pasha">Said Pasha</a> had sent to the insurgent areas a commission led by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Ottoman Empire)">Interior Minister</a> Hacı Adil Arda to negotiate with the rebel factions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323‒324Kadria2016119‒120_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323‒324Kadria2016119‒120-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Reform Commission</i>, as it was called, would rather serve as a tool of electoral pressure, assisting the CUP in its eminent victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016119‒120Marku2017106Skendi2015426_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016119‒120Marku2017106Skendi2015426-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the two months of the campaign, there were several attacks by insurgents but without much success. At the end of <a href="/wiki/1912_Ottoman_general_election" title="1912 Ottoman general election">the election</a>, the CUP won an absolute majority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015426_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015426-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all dissident MPs in one way or another were replaced by loyalists. The electoral process in the Albanian provinces was deeply manipulated. In several constituencies where Liberal Entente or independent candidates had won, ballot boxes were filled with pro-CUP votes, and in some cases, elections were repeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This loss motivated the conspirators to take arms in the uprising and it would be joined by other former Albanian MPs, such as Basri Bey Dukagjini deputy of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Qemali had promised in the January meeting to provide weapons and funds for the uprising, he had not yet left for Europe where he hoped to provide them. In these circumstances, Pristina saw fit to sell some warehouses in the Skopje area that were in its possession to provide the necessary weapons and funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016126ElsieDestani201974‒75_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016126ElsieDestani201974‒75-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-May, it was decided to convene another <i>kuvend</i> by the insurgents. The Assembly would be held from 21 to 25 May 1912, this time in <a href="/wiki/Junik" title="Junik">Junik</a>, and was attended by delegates from different parts of the vilayet of Kosovo such as Peja, <a href="/wiki/Istog" title="Istog">Istog</a>, Gjakova, <a href="/wiki/Has_(region)" title="Has (region)">Has</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highlands_of_Gjakova" title="Highlands of Gjakova">Gjakova Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Polje" title="Kosovo Polje">Fushë-Kosovë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vushtrri" title="Vushtrri">Vushtrri</a>, as well as by prominent leaders of Sanjaks of Dibra and of Shkodra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429Malcolm2002246‒247_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429Malcolm2002246‒247-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the middle of July, desertions in the army affected the course of the uprising. On 22 July 1912 in <a href="/wiki/Manastir_vilayet" title="Manastir vilayet">Monastir</a> 150 pro-monarchist soldiers and their officers led by captain <a href="/wiki/Tajar_Tetova" title="Tajar Tetova">Tajar Tetova</a> deserted their garrison and fled to the mountains carrying ammunition and artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601Skendi2015430Gawrych2006192Vickers199966_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601Skendi2015430Gawrych2006192Vickers199966-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They demanded the dissolution of the newly formed parliament, which would later result in a <a href="/wiki/1912_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1912 Ottoman coup d'état">coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601‒602Gawrych2006193_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601‒602Gawrych2006193-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most of them were Albanian, their demands and objectives seemed to differ greatly from the demands of the insurgents up to that time. The so-called the <i>Saviour Officers</i> would later be known as the armed wing of the Liberal Entente. Meanwhile, the central government tried to make use of religious differences and pit Catholic <a href="/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB" title="Mirditë">Mirditë</a> against the Muslims of Shkodër and those of Krujë but attempts failed. Krujë and Tirana had been getting ready for the revolt since the end of 1911 and at the end of June, they united with the insurgents of Catholic Mirditë and <a href="/wiki/Zadrima" title="Zadrima">Zadrima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_(1912).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg/220px-A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg/330px-A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg/440px-A_group_of_armed_Albanians_guarding_from_the_mountains_%281912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Albanian <i>çetas</i> watching the movements of the enemy from the mountains illustrated by the <i>La Tribuna Illustrata</i> in October 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Assembly of Junik re-ignited the uprising and provided better organization to the Albanian forces. After the "general besa" made by the Albanian leaders, the uprising would take on a completely different dimension from what had been seen until then. The insurgents took control of almost all cities of the Kosovo vilayet. Their activity culminated in the siege of the city of Üsküb (today <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>) which was also the center of the vilayet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006192Vickers199966‒67_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006192Vickers199966‒67-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 16,000 to 30,000 troops had joined the siege, forcing the Constantinople government to consider the insurgents' demands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195Vickers199966‒67_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195Vickers199966‒67-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demands that were in fact formulated in the Assembly of Junik, and that were derivatives of the "<a href="/wiki/Gre%C3%A7%C3%AB_Memorandum" title="Greçë Memorandum">Greçë Memorandum</a>", would be widely known as the <i>Fourteen points of Hasan Prishtina</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194‒195Malcolm2002247‒248_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194‒195Malcolm2002247‒248-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, communication between smaller çetas of insurgents with the main group of the Kosovo vilayet became increasingly difficult. The insurgents of central Albania had joined those of Mirdita, and some other groups of the Dibra area, were almost unaware of what was happening except for some telegraphs sent to the areas covered by it. Divergences between the leaders of the uprising in Kosovo vilayet also began to increase after the siege of Üsküb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan Prishtina in his pamphlet of 1920 would accuse <a href="/wiki/Isa_Boletini" title="Isa Boletini">Isa Boletini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riza_Bey_Gjakova" title="Riza Bey Gjakova">Riza bej Gjakova</a> that after taking the city they decided to leave together with their forces and to carry out an attack on Selanik with the purpose of releasing from exile the former sultan Abdülhamid II. Such allusions would be refuted by Boletini's nephew, Tafil Boletini in his memoirs published <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posthumous" class="extiw" title="wikt:posthumous">posthumous</a> in 1996. According to Boletini, there has never been such a plan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009631_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009631-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was clear that the uprising was not coordinated and the insurgents' intentions were far from being the same, both those of the leaders of the main group already in Skopje, as well as those of other groups such as those of central Albania and Mirdita.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Confronted with the situation in Kosovo and growing dissent in the ranks of the Ottoman army, the Minister of War Mahmud Shevket Pasha resigned on 9 July 1912 and 8 days later the government headed by Said Pasha resigned as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter sent on 25 June 1912 to <a href="/wiki/Abdi_Toptani" title="Abdi Toptani">Abdi Toptani</a>, leader of the insurgents in central Albania, Irfan bey Ohri, who was at the head of the insurgents in the <a href="/wiki/Martanesh" title="Martanesh">Martanesh</a> region in Dibër, asked what answer he would give if a foreign journalist came to interview him. According to him, there should have been an agreement between the insurgents, which did not happen. He did not take kindly the fact that, among the <i>Savior Officers</i>, some of them worked for the Liberal Entente and not for the Albanian cause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doubts were also expressed about Hasan Prishtina himself, who in newspaper articles stated that it was an uprising against the Young Turk government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Irfan Ohri, some leaders from Dibra had promised in return that they would fight for Albania and not for the Liberal Entente party. At the beginning of August, Marshal Ibrahim Pasha entered into negotiations with the leaders of Albanian insurgents in Üsküb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About those days, Abdi Toptani wrote to Kosovar leaders that coordination was needed first and foremost. He complained to Hasan Prishtina that he had not received any news from him about his programme or the situation in Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had prepared three drafts for a memorandum, ranging from autonomy to simple administrative decentralization and hoped to discuss in advance with other insurgents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gawrych, beys like Nexhip Draga and Hasan Prishtina were more interested in finding a compromise with the new government because they did not enjoy the strong support that local leaders from Kosovo had among the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same month, the government would accept most of the demands made by Albanian leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002248_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002248-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 October 1912, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> suddenly declared war on the Ottoman Empire, and invaded Albania, aiming to capture Shkodra, Gjakova, Peja with Prizren.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199967_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199967-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> would soon follow Montenegro by declaring war on the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a>, which was on the verge of complete collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199967_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199967-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the war was ongoing, on 28 November 1912, Albania, with the support of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, would declare independence from the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the occupation of the hitherto Ottoman lands by the Balkan neighbors, the new state would not take part in the fighting by maintaining a neutral stance, giving no reason to fight over now independent Albanian lands and cities. However, Albania's borders would be officially recognized only a year later by the <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1912%E2%80%931913" title="London Conference of 1912–1913">Conference of the Ambassadors</a>, and not include all the territory Albania claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, would conclude with the Ottoman Empire losing the territories inhabited by an Albanian majority in favor of neighboring states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70Blumi2013540‒541_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70Blumi2013540‒541-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Conference would later award Serbia almost the entire vilayet of Kosovo and a large part of the vilayet of Manastir. Greece took part of the <a href="/wiki/Janina_vilayet" title="Janina vilayet">vilayet of Ioannina</a> and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Manastir_vilayet" title="Manastir vilayet">vilayet of Manastir</a> which it would share with Serbia and Bulgaria. Montenegro tried to take Shkodra, which it had been besieging for more than 6 months. The city was defended first by the Ottoman forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Hasan Rıza Pasha">Hasan Rıza Pasha</a> and then Essad Pasha Toptani, who handed it over about 5 months after the independence of Albania and 2 months after the Conference of Ambassadors in London. In the conference, under pressure from Austria-Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, Shkodra was officially recognized as part of Albania which was recognized as an independent and sovereign principality. As a result of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the wars that followed it, more than half of the Albanian population would remain outside the official territory of the Albanian state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">Siege of Scutari of 1912–1913</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015361Gawrych2006153–154,_157Blumi2013542–543-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015361Gawrych2006153–154,_157Blumi2013542–543_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 361; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 153–154, 157; <a href="#CITEREFBlumi2013">Blumi 2013</a>, pp. 542–543.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015336_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009556,_618-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009556,_618_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, pp. 556, 618.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2004320-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2004320_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrashëri2004">Frashëri 2004</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009552–553Skendi2015344–345-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009552–553Skendi2015344–345_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, pp. 552–553; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 344–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarku2017101–102Skendi2015344–346-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarku2017101–102Skendi2015344–346_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarku2017">Marku 2017</a>, pp. 101–102; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 344–346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006179‒183-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006179‒183_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2013">Clayer 2013</a>, pp. 101‒102; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 179‒183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006179‒183Clayer2009561Vickers199963-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006179‒183Clayer2009561Vickers199963_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 179‒183; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 561; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009618Skendi2015393;_406‒407Clayer2013101‒102Vickers199963-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009618Skendi2015393;_406‒407Clayer2013101‒102Vickers199963_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 618; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 393; 406‒407; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2013">Clayer 2013</a>, pp. 101‒102; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006177Skendi2015405Blumi2013539-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013101‒102Gawrych2006177Skendi2015405Blumi2013539_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2013">Clayer 2013</a>, pp. 101‒102; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 177; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 405; <a href="#CITEREFBlumi2013">Blumi 2013</a>, p. 539.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199963‒64-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199963‒64_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, pp. 63‒64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015411‒412,_423-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015411‒412,_423_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 411‒412, 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188Vickers199965-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006188Vickers199965_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 188; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246Gawrych2006141Clayer2009343-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246Gawrych2006141Clayer2009343_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, pp. 245‒246; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 141; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016118‒119Frashëri2004338Gawrych2006190Skendi2015425-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016118‒119Frashëri2004338Gawrych2006190Skendi2015425_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 118‒119; <a href="#CITEREFFrashëri2004">Frashëri 2004</a>, p. 338; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323Gawrych2006190-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323Gawrych2006190_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 323; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307Frashëri2004338‒339Skendi2015425-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021307Frashëri2004338‒339Skendi2015425_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 307; <a href="#CITEREFFrashëri2004">Frashëri 2004</a>, pp. 338‒339; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana20099Kadria2016119,_121ElsieDestani201969‒71Clayer2009627-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana20099Kadria2016119,_121ElsieDestani201969‒71Clayer2009627_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 9; <a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 119, 121; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201969‒71_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Malcolm2002245‒246Kadria2016121ElsieDestani201969‒71-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Malcolm2002245‒246Kadria2016121ElsieDestani201969‒71_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, pp. 245‒246; <a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 121; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121Cana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Ikonomi201241‒42-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121Cana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Ikonomi201241‒42_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 120‒121; <a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71; <a href="#CITEREFIkonomi2012">Ikonomi 2012</a>, pp. 41‒42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani2019-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani2019_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 120‒121; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGostentschnigg2017531-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGostentschnigg2017531_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGostentschnigg2017">Gostentschnigg 2017</a>, p. 531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkonomi201241‒43Kadria2016141‒144-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkonomi201241‒43Kadria2016141‒144_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIkonomi2012">Ikonomi 2012</a>, pp. 41‒43; <a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 141‒144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Kadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani201969‒71-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Kadria2016120‒121ElsieDestani201969‒71_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 120‒121; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009627-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009627_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910Skendi2015427‒428-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910Skendi2015427‒428_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 427‒428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002245‒246_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, pp. 245‒246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006167–168-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006167–168_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201976‒77-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani201976‒77_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 76‒77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Gawrych2006190‒191Skendi2015427‒428-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71Gawrych2006190‒191Skendi2015427‒428_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, pp. 190‒191; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, pp. 427‒428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECana200910ElsieDestani201969‒71_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCana2009">Cana 2009</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 69‒71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarku2017103Clayer2009627Skendi2015425-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarku2017103Clayer2009627Skendi2015425_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarku2017">Marku 2017</a>, p. 103; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 627; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2013115-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2013115_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2013">Clayer 2013</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021381-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021381_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021380_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, p. 380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016121Kansu2021-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016121Kansu2021_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, p. 121; <a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani2019-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsieDestani2019_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016125-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016125_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323‒324Kadria2016119‒120-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansu2021323‒324Kadria2016119‒120_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansu2021">Kansu 2021</a>, pp. 323‒324; <a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 119‒120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016119‒120Marku2017106Skendi2015426-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016119‒120Marku2017106Skendi2015426_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, pp. 119‒120; <a href="#CITEREFMarku2017">Marku 2017</a>, p. 106; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015426-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015426_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009628_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKadria2016126ElsieDestani201974‒75-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKadria2016126ElsieDestani201974‒75_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKadria2016">Kadria 2016</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFElsieDestani2019">Elsie & Destani 2019</a>, pp. 74‒75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429Malcolm2002246‒247-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429Malcolm2002246‒247_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 192; <a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, p. 246‒247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601Skendi2015430Gawrych2006192Vickers199966-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601Skendi2015430Gawrych2006192Vickers199966_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 601; <a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>, p. 430; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 192; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601‒602Gawrych2006193-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009601‒602Gawrych2006193_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 601‒602; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkendi2015Gawrych2006192428‒429_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi2015">Skendi 2015</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006192Vickers199966‒67-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006192Vickers199966‒67_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 192; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, pp. 66‒67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195Vickers199966‒67-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195Vickers199966‒67_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 195; <a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, pp. 66‒67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194‒195Malcolm2002247‒248-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194‒195Malcolm2002247‒248_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 194‒195; <a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, pp. 247‒248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006195_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009631-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009631_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, p. 631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006193Clayer2013118_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 193; <a href="#CITEREFClayer2013">Clayer 2013</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayer2009629‒630_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayer2009">Clayer 2009</a>, pp. 629‒630.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawrych2006194_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002248-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalcolm2002248_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalcolm2002">Malcolm 2002</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199967-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199967_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199967_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, pp. 69‒70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70Blumi2013540‒541-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199969‒70Blumi2013540‒541_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, pp. 69‒70; <a href="#CITEREFBlumi2013">Blumi 2013</a>, pp. 540‒541.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksim_meeting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlumi2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Isa_Blumi" title="Isa Blumi">Blumi, Isa</a> (2013), "Impacts of the Balkan Wars: The Uncharted Paths from Empire to Nation-State", in Yavuz, M. Hakan; Blumi, Isa (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=acMhlAEACAAJ"><i>War and Nationalism: The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, and Their Sociopolitical Implications</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah_Press" title="University of Utah Press">University of Utah Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60781-240-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60781-240-1"><bdi>978-1-60781-240-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+the+Balkan+Wars%3A+The+Uncharted+Paths+from+Empire+to+Nation-State&rft.btitle=War+and+Nationalism%3A+The+Balkan+Wars%2C+1912-1913%2C+and+Their+Sociopolitical+Implications&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-60781-240-1&rft.aulast=Blumi&rft.aufirst=Isa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DacMhlAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCana2009" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cana, Zekeria (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=15237">"Rreth kryengritjes së vitit 1912"</a> [About the 1912 uprising], <i>Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria e Shkencave Historike</i> (in Albanian) (39): 9–23, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0350-6258">0350-6258</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gjurmime+Albanologjike+-+Seria+e+Shkencave+Historike&rft.atitle=Rreth+kryengritjes+s%C3%AB+vitit+1912&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=9-23&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0350-6258&rft.aulast=Cana&rft.aufirst=Zekeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D15237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayer2009" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clayer, Nathalie (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=83IgxQEACAAJ"><i>Në fillimet e nacionalizmit shqiptar: lindja e një kombi me shumicë myslimane në Evropë</i></a> [<i>The origins of Albanian nationalism: The birth of a predominantly Muslim nation in Europe</i>] (in Albanian), translated by Puto, Artan, Botime Përpjekja, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99956-786-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-99956-786-0-9"><bdi>978-99956-786-0-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C3%AB+fillimet+e+nacionalizmit+shqiptar%3A+lindja+e+nj%C3%AB+kombi+me+shumic%C3%AB+myslimane+n%C3%AB+Evrop%C3%AB&rft.pub=Botime+P%C3%ABrpjekja&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-99956-786-0-9&rft.aulast=Clayer&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D83IgxQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span>; Original in French <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84586-816-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84586-816-8">978-2-84586-816-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayer2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clayer, Nathalie (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=100988">"Edhe një herë mbi kryengritjet shqiptare të pasvitit 1908"</a> [Once more on the Albanian uprisings after 1908], <i>Përpjekja</i> (in Albanian) (30–31): 85–122, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2073-4107">2073-4107</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P%C3%ABrpjekja&rft.atitle=Edhe+nj%C3%AB+her%C3%AB+mbi+kryengritjet+shqiptare+t%C3%AB+pasvitit+1908&rft.issue=30%E2%80%9331&rft.pages=85-122&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=2073-4107&rft.aulast=Clayer&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D100988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsieDestani2019" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elsie" title="Robert Elsie">Elsie, Robert</a>; Destani, Bejtullah D. (2019-07-25), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxJbEAAAQBAJ"><i>Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II</i></a>, Bloomsbury Academic, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-003-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-003-7"><bdi>978-1-83860-003-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%2C+A+Documentary+History%3A+From+the+Balkan+Wars+to+World+War+II&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-83860-003-7&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Destani%2C+Bejtullah+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTxJbEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrashëri2004" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frashëri, Kristo (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lDAAQAACAAJ"><i>Historia e Tiranës</i></a> [<i>The history of Tirana</i>] (in Albanian), Botimet Toena, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-1-897-8" title="Special:BookSources/99927-1-897-8"><bdi>99927-1-897-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+e+Tiran%C3%ABs&rft.pub=Botimet+Toena&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=99927-1-897-8&rft.aulast=Frash%C3%ABri&rft.aufirst=Kristo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lDAAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawrych2006" class="citation cs2">Gawrych, George (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC"><i>The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913</i></a>, London: <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-287-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-287-5"><bdi>978-1-84511-287-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crescent+and+the+Eagle%3A+Ottoman+rule%2C+Islam+and+the+Albanians%2C+1874%E2%80%931913&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-287-5&rft.aulast=Gawrych&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPOtzk-unJgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGostentschnigg2017" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gostentschnigg, Kurt (2017-12-14), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AihIswEACAAJ"><i>Wissenschaft im Spannungsfeld von Politik und Militär: Die österreichisch-ungarische Albanologie 1867-1918</i></a> [<i>Science in the field of tensions between politics and the military: Austro-Hungarian Albanian Studies 1867-1918</i>] (in German), Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-658-18910-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-658-18910-5"><bdi>978-3-658-18910-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wissenschaft+im+Spannungsfeld+von+Politik+und+Milit%C3%A4r%3A+Die+%C3%B6sterreichisch-ungarische+Albanologie+1867-1918&rft.pub=Springer+Fachmedien+Wiesbaden&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft.isbn=978-3-658-18910-5&rft.aulast=Gostentschnigg&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAihIswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkonomi2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ikonomi, Ilir (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hy95mAEACAAJ"><i>Pavarësia: Udhëtimi i paharruar i Ismail Qemalit</i></a> [<i>Independence: The unforgettable path of Ismail Qemali</i>] (in Albanian), UET Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99956-39-76-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-99956-39-76-1"><bdi>978-99956-39-76-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pavar%C3%ABsia%3A+Udh%C3%ABtimi+i+paharruar+i+Ismail+Qemalit&rft.pub=UET+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-99956-39-76-1&rft.aulast=Ikonomi&rft.aufirst=Ilir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhy95mAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadria2016" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kadria, Sali (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=591721">"Mbi disa Çështje të Kryengritjes Shqiptare të Vitit 1912"</a> [On some issues of the Albanian revolt in 1912], <i>Studime Historike</i> (in Albanian) (1–02): 115–150, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0563-5799">0563-5799</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studime+Historike&rft.atitle=Mbi+disa+%C3%87%C3%ABshtje+t%C3%AB+Kryengritjes+Shqiptare+t%C3%AB+Vitit+1912&rft.issue=1%E2%80%9302&rft.pages=115-150&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0563-5799&rft.aulast=Kadria&rft.aufirst=Sali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D591721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKansu2021" class="citation cs2">Kansu, Aykut (2021-11-22) [2000], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBlREAAAQBAJ"><i>Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey, 1908-1913</i></a>, BRILL, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-49182-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-49182-3"><bdi>978-90-04-49182-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Post-Revolutionary+Turkey%2C+1908-1913&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.isbn=978-90-04-49182-3&rft.aulast=Kansu&rft.aufirst=Aykut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpBlREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Malcolm, Noel</a> (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_FMZQQAACAAJ"><i>Kosovo: A Short History</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-41224-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-41224-7"><bdi>978-0-330-41224-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-330-41224-7&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_FMZQQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarku2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marku, Paulin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=794038">"Përpjekja e Perandorisë Osmane për të stabilizuar situatën në viset shqiptare: Komisioni i reformave i Haxhi Adil Beut (shkurt-prill 1912)"</a> [The Efforts of the Ottoman Empire to Stabilize the Situation in Albanian Territories: The Reforms Commission of Haxhi Adil Bey (February –April 1912)]. <i><a href="/wiki/Studime_Historike" title="Studime Historike">Studime Historike</a></i> (in Albanian) (1‒02): 101‒124. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0563-5799">0563-5799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studime+Historike&rft.atitle=P%C3%ABrpjekja+e+Perandoris%C3%AB+Osmane+p%C3%ABr+t%C3%AB+stabilizuar+situat%C3%ABn+n%C3%AB+viset+shqiptare%3A+Komisioni+i+reformave+i+Haxhi+Adil+Beut+%28shkurt-prill+1912%29&rft.issue=1%E2%80%9202&rft.pages=101%E2%80%92124&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0563-5799&rft.aulast=Marku&rft.aufirst=Paulin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D794038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi2015" class="citation cs2">Skendi, Stavro (2015-12-08) [1967], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Albanian National Awakening</i></a>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4776-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4776-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-4776-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanian+National+Awakening&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-4776-1&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8QPWCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1999" class="citation cs2">Vickers, Miranda (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC"><i>The Albanians: A Modern History</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-541-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanians%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-541-9&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzI0uOZ2j6gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaksim+meeting" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Albanians under the Ottoman Empire</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Rebellion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_uprisings_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman Empire">Albanian revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%931436" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–1436">1432 – 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">1843 – 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">1912</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina#Downfall" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_Bushatli#History" title="Mustafa Pasha Bushatli">Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Lopate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Martinići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Congregations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dib%C3%ABr" title="Congress of Dibër">Dibër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dukagjin" title="Convention of Dukagjin">Dukagjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frash%C3%ABr_Assembly_(1880)" title="Frashër Assembly (1880)">Frashër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Ku%C3%A7i" title="Convention of Kuçi">Kuçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Manastir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Manastir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mat" title="Convention of Mat">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Preveza" title="Assembly of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">Prizren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Krujë <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">1466 – 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">1477 – 78</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a></li> <li>Shkodër <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">1478 – 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">1912 – 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi-bazouk" title="Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-Bazouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABsonj%C3%ABtorja" title="Mësonjëtorja">Mësonjëtorja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>Principalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Skanderbeg" title="Myth of Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Spahiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratioti" title="Stratioti">Stratioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eyalets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Berat" title="Pashalik of Berat">Berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Scutari" title="Pashalik of Scutari">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Yanina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sanjaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Avlona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Elbasan" title="Sanjak of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice" title="Sanjak of Görice">Görice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ohrid" title="Sanjak of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Scutari</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vilayets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Albanian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people_from_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:15th-century Albanian people">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:16th-century Albanian people">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:17th-century Albanian people">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:18th-century Albanian people">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:19th-century Albanian people">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:20th-century Albanian people">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Grand_Viziers_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility">Ottoman – Albanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Pashas" title="Category:Albanian Pashas">Pashas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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