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For the type of teaching and teacher, see <a href="/wiki/Tutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">Tutor</a>. For tuition fees in specific countries, see <a href="/wiki/College_tuition_in_the_United_States" title="College tuition in the United States">College tuition in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tuition_payments" title="Special:EditPage/Tuition payments">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tuition+payments%22">"Tuition payments"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tuition+payments%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tuition+payments%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tuition+payments%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tuition+payments%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tuition+payments%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tuition payments</b>, usually known as <b>tuition</b> in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <b>tuition fees</b> in <a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth English</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services. Besides public spending (by governments and other public bodies), private spending via tuition payments are the largest revenue sources for education institutions in some countries. In most developed countries, especially countries in Scandinavia and Continental Europe, there are no or only nominal tuition fees for all forms of education, including university and other higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-Garritzmann_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garritzmann-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Payment_methods"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Payment methods</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#By_location"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">By location</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#By_institution"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">By institution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#College_tuition_for_undocumented_students"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">College tuition for undocumented students</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Payment_methods">Payment methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Payment methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Some of the methods used to pay for tuition include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursary" title="Bursary">Bursary</a></li> <li>Company sponsorship or funding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">student loan</a></li> <li>Educational 7 (private)</li></ul> <ul><li>Family (parental) money</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving" title="Saving">Savings</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="By_location">By location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By location" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>A number of countries, such as <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, have "up-front tuition policies."<sup id="cite_ref-Marcucci/Johnstone_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcucci/Johnstone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These policies generally include a tuition fee that is large enough to give parents or <a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">guardians</a> "a responsibility to cover some portion of their children’s higher education costs."<sup id="cite_ref-Marcucci/Johnstone_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcucci/Johnstone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This responsibility can make it difficult for a low-income student to attend college without requiring a grant or one or more <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">loans</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/College_tuition_in_the_United_States" title="College tuition in the United States">College tuition in the United States</a> is one of the costs of a post-<a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. The total cost of college is called the <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_attendance" title="Cost of attendance">cost of attendance</a> (or, informally, the "sticker price") and, in addition to tuition, can include <a href="/wiki/Room_and_board" title="Room and board">room and board</a> and fees for facilities such as books, transportation, or commuting provided by the college. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> </p> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right" style="width: 30em;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Countries </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 30em">Average university tuition fee per country in euro (data for 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-EDJNet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDJNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Croatia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">68</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">France </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">260</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Albania </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">318</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Macedonia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">424</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Iceland </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">611</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Luxembourg </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">800</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bulgaria </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">818</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Belgium </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">922</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">B&H </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">1,023</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Portugal </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">1,063</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Spain </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">1,479</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Liechtenstein </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">1,638</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Netherlands </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">2,060</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Serbia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">2,186</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Italy </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">2,428</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ireland </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">3,000</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Switzerland </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">3,499</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Northern Ireland</i><sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">4,670</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Latvia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">5,500</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Romania </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">5,917</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Wales</i><sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:20.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">10,104</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>England</i><sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:20.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">10,385</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">UK<sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:20.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">10,385</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lithuania </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:23.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">11,750</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hungary </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:29.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">14,906</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> the first cycle is free in several countries: <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EDJNet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDJNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> the annual tuition at a public university may exceed 15,000 euros. Only 32 percent of the students pay tuition that averages 1,428 euros for a year at a 1st-degree level and 1,552 for a year at the 2nd-degree level. A student in Hungary has an opportunity to receive a scholarship of up to 3,000 euros for living expenses and nearly 4,000 euros for good grades.<sup id="cite_ref-EDJNet_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDJNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> the highest tuition is nearly 12,000 euros and 37 percent of the students pay.<sup id="cite_ref-EDJNet_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDJNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a> were introduced in 1998, with a maximum permitted fee of £1,000. Since then, this maximum has been raised to £9,000 (more than €10,000) in most of the United Kingdom, however, only those who reach a certain salary threshold pay this fee through general taxation. The UK state pays for the poorest or low income to access a university, thus university attendance remains high. There are record levels of disadvantaged people accessing a university. Scotland and Wales have abolished tuition. There are no scholarships and the only assistance is a possible loan from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-EDJNet_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDJNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_France" title="Tuition fees in France">French tuition fees</a> are capped based on the level of education pursued, from 183 Euros per year for undergraduate up to 388 for doctorates. Some public universities have autonomous status, meaning that they can charge much higher tuition, and all private universities charge tuition. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">German education system</a> almost all universities and most universities of applied sciences are funded by the state and do not charge tuition fees. In exceptional cases universities may offer courses for professionals (e.g. executive MBA programs), which may require tuition payment. Some local governments have recently decided that students from non-EU countries can be charged, although <a href="/wiki/ERASMUS" class="mw-redirect" title="ERASMUS">ERASMUS</a> students, students from developing countries and other special groups are exempt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some private institutions of higher education run on a tuition-based model. </p><p>All <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a> provide higher education free of charge to their own citizens. The Nordic education systems are almost entirely publicly funded. In Nordic countries education is seen as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil right</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public service</a> rather than a commodity. The issue of education is seen in these countries as an issue of equality. This is in part because high levels of education are a benefit to the development of society, including business and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Greece" title="Education in Greece">In Greece</a> there are no tuition fees as Bachelor-level higher education and some Master-level post-graduate education is provided for free to all Hellene (Greek) citizens as a benefit of citizenship paid by taxes. Universities accept students who have excelled at high school, with the selection being done through the Panhellenic Examinations, a system of state-administered examinations. Furthermore, it is difficult for <a href="/wiki/Mature_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Mature student">mature students</a> to be accepted at universities. Doctorate-level higher education is often also provided for free, but some universities may charge fees for PhD degrees. Students may resort to registering at private universities (called colleges, κολέγια), which charge tuition fees, or emigrate to other countries in order to get an education. </p><p>In Spain, <a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_Spain" title="Tuition fees in Spain">public universities fees</a> are established annually by laws enacted by the governments of each <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a>, following a series of basic criteria dictated by the central government and published in the <a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Official State Gazette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="By_institution">By institution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By institution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG/220px-TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="782"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 312px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG/220px-TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="312" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG/330px-TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG/440px-TCNJ_college_officials_making_financial_aid_presentation_to_admitted_students_and_their_parents.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_College_of_New_Jersey" title="The College of New Jersey">The College of New Jersey</a> officials give a presentation on financial aid to admitted students.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tuition is charged at different rates from one type of institution to the next. Net tuition indices mark an increase in the "relative real burden" for payments at various types of institutions for higher education; in the period between 1980 and 1995; example, this burden increased by approximately 80 percent for students at <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a> and by 148 percent for students at <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than half of public research universities charge students <a href="/wiki/Differential_tuition" title="Differential tuition">differential tuition</a> based primarily on their major and their year in college, increasing normal tuition by up to 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most students or their families who pay for tuition and other education costs do not have enough savings to pay in full while they are in school.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some students must work or borrow money to afford an education. In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Student financial aid (United States)">student financial aid</a> is available to defray the cost of a post-secondary education: "Financial aid is typically thought to exert the most influence in [attendance], when admitted students consider whether to enroll in a particular institution."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often the case that the lower the cost of the school, the more likely a student is to attend. </p><p>Developed countries have adopted a dual scheme for education; while basic (i.e. high-school) education is supported by taxes rather than tuition, higher education usually requires tuition payments or fees. </p><p>People may purchase <a href="/wiki/Tuition_insurance" title="Tuition insurance">tuition insurance</a> to protect themselves from fees related to involuntary withdrawal (illness, death of a parent or guardian, etc.) </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg/250px-College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="388"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg/250px-College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg/375px-College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg/500px-College_Tuition_State_Funding.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Study comparing college revenue per student by tuition and state funding in 2008 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, universities were mainly institutions of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. As they mainly trained clergy, most of these universities did not have any need to exact fees from the students<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with one notable exception: during the 12th century, while under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Comestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Comestor">Pierre le Mangeur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> began collecting two <a href="/wiki/Sou_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sou (coin)">sous</a> weekly in tuition. </p><p>Later, the main duty of universities in most <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> countries was the training of future <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">civil servants</a>. Again, it was not in the interest of the state to charge tuition fees, as this would have decreased the quality of civil servants. On the other hand, the number of students from the lower classes was usually kept in check by the expenses of living during the years of study, although as early as the mid-19th century there were calls for limiting the university entrance by middle-class persons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A typical family, however, could not afford educating a child or young adult, even if the education itself was free. A similar situation exists today in many <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> countries, where the expenses of "free" schooling (food, books, school uniform, etc.) prevent some children from attending any school. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the tuition systems of all of today's advanced democracies still were highly similar: Education institutions in all countries charged no or only very low tuition fees.<sup id="cite_ref-Garritzmann_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garritzmann-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not before the 1950s that the countries' education systems developed in different directions. Some countries, especially Anglophone countries (for example the United States) but also Asian countries such as Japan, introduced considerable tuition payments already in the early post-war period.<sup id="cite_ref-Garritzmann_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garritzmann-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other countries, particularly in Scandinavia and continental Europe, in contrast remained tuition-free. These developments were unrelated to the massive educational expansion that took place at the same time. </p><p>Since the early 1970s, the average cost of tuition has steadily outpaced the growth of the average American household. This trend continued particularly under President Reagan's higher education policies in the 1980s. Likewise, there has been a steady decrease in <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_federal_assistance_in_the_United_States" title="Administration of federal assistance in the United States">federal funding</a> for grants and a rise in the <a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">interest rates</a> of most major student loans, leaving many students struggling to pay debt for years after graduation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College_tuition_for_undocumented_students">College tuition for undocumented students</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: College tuition for undocumented students" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act was introduced in the U.S. Senate. It would allow the estimated 50,000 to 65,000 <a href="/wiki/Undocumented_students_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Undocumented students in the United States">undocumented students in the United States</a> to gain in-state tuition as well as a path towards <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship in the United States">American citizenship</a>. The Act would apply only to those students with tangible proof of residence in the United States before the age of 18. This Act has stirred debate in numerous groups, including institutions, families, and the Senate itself. </p><p>As of March 2013, undocumented students in most States were required to pay the higher out-of-state students' tuition charged at public universities, often between <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>20,000 and $35,000 at a local public university. In addition, these students were denied federal assistance as they lacked valid <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number">Social Security numbers</a>. Because such students often come from comparatively poor families, the costs are too high to allow many undocumented students to seek university education in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_tuition_in_the_United_States" title="College tuition in the United States">College tuition in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_relief" title="Debt relief">Debt relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EdFund" title="EdFund">EdFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Price_Index" title="Higher Education Price Index">Higher Education Price Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_spending_on_education_as_percentage_of_GDP" title="List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP">List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">Student debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid" title="Student financial aid">Student financial aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">Student loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_freeze" title="Tuition freeze">Tuition freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">Universal access to education</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As tuition fees varies widely in the different <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the United Kingdom</a> they are presented both separately and together.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/eng/News/Data-news/If-not-Oxford-then-what-How-much-is-studying-abroad-and-what-will-happen-after-Brexit"><i>If not Oxford, then what? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+College+Cost+of+Differential+Tuition&rft.pub=appily&rft.aulast=O%27Shaughnessy&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.appily.com%2Fguidance%2Farticles%2Fpaying-for-college%2Fhidden-costs-of-differential-tuition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuition+payments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.salliemae.com/files/doc_library/file/HowAmericaPaysforCollege2014FNL.pdf">America Pays for College 2014</a> Sallie Mae</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DesJardins, Stephen L., "Assessing the Effects of Changing Institutional Aid Policy", <i>Research in Higher Education</i>, Volume 42, Number 6 (2001), pp. 653-78. (JSTOR, retrieved 13 March 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delta Cost Project, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deltacostproject.org/resources/pdf/Trends-in-College-Spending-98-08.pdf">Trends in College Spending 1998-2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808055659/http://www.deltacostproject.org/resources/pdf/Trends-in-College-Spending-98-08.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orgs.law.ucla.edu/CLLR/Documents/2003/galassi.pdf">"Student Organizations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>orgs.law.ucla.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orgs.law.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=Student+Organizations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forgs.law.ucla.edu%2FCLLR%2FDocuments%2F2003%2Fgalassi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuition+payments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tuition_payments&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolepenger" title="Skolepenger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skolepenger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesne" title="Czesne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czesne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propina_escolar" title="Propina escolar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Propina escolar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagesat_e_shkollimit" title="Pagesat e shkollimit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pagesat e shkollimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tuition payments" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukukausimaksu" title="Lukukausimaksu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukukausimaksu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolavgift" title="Skolavgift – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skolavgift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C4%9Frenim_%C3%BCcreti" title="Öğrenim ücreti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öğrenim ücreti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_ph%C3%AD" title="Học phí – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học phí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93" title="שכר לימוד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שכר לימוד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 15:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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