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cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern country since 1990. For the former country from 1975 to 1990, see <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mozambique (disambiguation)">Mozambique (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>Mozambique,<a href="#cite_note-13">[d]</a> officially the Republic of Mozambique,<a href="#cite_note-14">[e]</a> is a country located in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">southeast Africa</a> bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to the south and southwest. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a> to the east. The capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Mozambique</div><div class="ib-country-names">República de Moçambique (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Mozambique"><img alt="Flag of Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/125px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/188px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/250px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Mozambique"><img alt="Emblem of Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="800"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Mozambique" title="Emblem of Mozambique"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1tria_Amada" title="Pátria Amada">Pátria Amada</a> (Portuguese) "Beloved Homeland" <div style="padding-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Mozambican_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ch&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ch" label="Chamoru ‪(ch)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sw" label="Kiswahili ‪(sw)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300"></a>Show map of Africa</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mozambique&params=25_57_S_32_35_E_type:city_region:MZ">25°57′S 32°35′E / 25.950°S 32.583°E / -25.950; 32.583</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Portuguese" title="Mozambican Portuguese">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changana_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Changana language">Changana</a>,</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2017)<a href="#cite_note-Census2017-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">99.0% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">African</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.8% <a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" title="Mestiço">Mestiço</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.1% <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">White</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.1% other<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">55.8% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Mozambique">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">26.1% <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional African religion">traditional faiths</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">17.5% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mozambique" title="Islam in Mozambique">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.3% other<a href="#cite_note-5">[c]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozambican people">Mozambican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary dominant-party <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential republic</a> under an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> government<a href="#cite_note-SpL-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Mozambique">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Mozambique">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Adriano Maleiane</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)">Assembly of the Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mozambique" title="History of Mozambique">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Junta" title="National Salvation Junta">Portugal</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 June 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_374" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 374">Admitted to the</a> United Nations </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1977–1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mozambique" title="Constitution of Mozambique">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 December 2004</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">801,590 km2 (309,500 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">35th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,881,007<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">45th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28.7/km2 (74.3/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $53.710 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">121st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $1,584<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">187th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $21.936 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">128th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $647<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">185th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2019)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 50.4<a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-11">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>high inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.461<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">low (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">183rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">Metical</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MZN</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">CAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Mozambique" title="Telephone numbers in Mozambique">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B258" class="mw-redirect" title="+258">+258</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MZ" title="ISO 3166-2:MZ">MZ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mz" title=".mz">.mz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz">www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Between the 7th and 11th centuries, a series of Swahili port towns developed on that area, which contributed to the development of a distinct <a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a> and dialect. In the late medieval period, these towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Arabia, Persia, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a> The voyage of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> in 1498 marked the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, who began a gradual process of colonisation and settlement in 1505. After over four centuries of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese rule</a>, Mozambique <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">gained independence</a> in 1975, becoming the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a> shortly thereafter. After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992</a>. In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has since remained a relatively stable <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a>, although it still faces a <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">low-intensity insurgency</a> distinctively in the farthermost regions from the southern capital and where Islam is dominant. Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources, notwithstanding the country's economy is based chiefly on fishery—substantially <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a>—and agriculture with a growing industry of food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, aluminium and oil. The tourism sector is expanding. South Africa remains Mozambique's main trading partner, preserving a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a> with a perspective on other European markets. Since 2001, Mozambique's GDP growth has been thriving, but since 2014/15, both a significant decrease in household real consumption and a sharp rise in <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> have been observed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[12]</a> The nation remains one of the poorest and <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">most underdeveloped countries</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-18">[13]</a> ranking low in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP per capita</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">human development</a>, measures of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index">inequality</a> and average <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-19">[14]</a> The country's population of around 34,777,605, as of 2024 estimates, which is a 2.96% population increase from 2023, is composed of overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a>. However, the only official language in Mozambique is <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, which is spoken in urban areas as a first or second language by most, and generally as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> between younger Mozambicans with access to formal education. The most important local languages include <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chichewa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> lists 46 languages spoken in the country,<a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a> of which one is a signed language (Mozambican Sign Language/Língua de sinais de Moçambique). The largest <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">religion in Mozambique</a> is Christianity, with significant minorities following Islam and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">African traditional religions</a>. Mozambique is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> (a rare example of a Commonwealth country that is not a former <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">British colony</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a>, and is an observer at <a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">La Francophonie</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Bantu_migrations">2.1 Bantu migrations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Swahili_Coast">2.2 Swahili Coast</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Portuguese_Mozambique_(1498%E2%80%931975)">2.3 Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964%E2%80%931975)">2.4 Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Independence_(1975)">2.5 Independence (1975)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977%E2%80%931992)">2.6 Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Democratic_era_(1993%E2%80%93present)">2.7 Democratic era (1993–present)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Climate">3.1 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Wildlife">3.2 Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Government_and_politics">4 Government and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">4.1 Administrative divisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Foreign_relations">4.2 Foreign relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Human_rights">4.3 Human rights</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Rebounding_growth">5.1 Rebounding growth</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Economic_reforms">5.2 Economic reforms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Corruption">5.3 Corruption</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Natural_resources">5.4 Natural resources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Tourism">5.5 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Transport">5.6 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Water_supply_and_sanitation">5.7 Water supply and sanitation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Demographics">6 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Largest_cities">6.1 Largest cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Languages">6.2 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Religion">6.3 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Health">6.4 Health</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Education">6.5 Education</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Culture">7 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Arts">7.1 Arts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Music">7.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Media">7.3 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Cuisine">7.4 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#National_holidays">7.5 National holidays</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sport">7.6 Sport</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The country was named Moçambique by the Portuguese after the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, derived from either <a href="/wiki/Mussa_Bin_Bique" title="Mussa Bin Bique">Mussa Bin Bique</a>, Musa Al Big, Mossa Al Bique, Mussa Ben Mbiki or Mussa Ibn Malik, an Arab trader who first visited the island and later lived there<a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a> and was still alive when <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> called at the island in 1498.<a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a> The island-town was the capital of the Portuguese colony until 1898, when it was moved south to Lourenço Marques (now <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>). </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mozambique" title="History of Mozambique">History of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_(3912235854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/220px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1246"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/220px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/330px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/440px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mozambican <a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">dhow</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bantu_migrations">Bantu migrations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bantu migrations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>-speaking peoples migrated into Mozambique as early as the 4th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a> It is believed between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, waves of migration from the west and north went through the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi</a> River valley and then gradually into the plateau and coastal areas of Southern Africa.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> They established agricultural communities or societies based on herding cattle. They brought with them the technology for smelting<a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a> and smithing iron. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swahili_Coast">Swahili Coast</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Swahili Coast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slaves_ruvuma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/220px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="602"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/220px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/330px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/440px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Arab-Swahili slave traders and their captives on the <a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_River" title="Ruvuma River">Ruvuma River</a></figcaption></figure> From the late first millennium AD, vast <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a> networks extended as far south into Mozambique as evidenced by the ancient port town of <a href="/wiki/Chibuene" title="Chibuene">Chibuene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sinclair2-26">[21]</a> Beginning in the 9th century, a growing involvement in Indian Ocean trade led to the development of numerous port towns along the entire East African coast, including modern day Mozambique. Largely autonomous, these towns broadly participated in the incipient <a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a>. Islam was often adopted by urban elites, facilitating trade. In Mozambique, <a href="/wiki/Sofala" title="Sofala">Sofala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angoche" title="Angoche">Angoche</a>, and Mozambique Island were regional powers by the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a> The towns traded with merchants from both the African interior and the broader Indian Ocean world. Particularly important were the gold and ivory caravan routes. Inland states like the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Kingdom of Zimbabwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Kingdom of Mutapa</a> provided the coveted gold and ivory, which were then exchanged up the coast to larger port cities like <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_Mozambique_(1498–1975)">Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/220px-Mozambique_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="962"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/220px-Mozambique_n2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/330px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/440px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Detail of the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, former capital in Northern Mozambique and prominent in the country's history</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/220px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3837" data-file-height="2558"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/220px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/330px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/440px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte" title="Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Baluarte">Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Baluarte</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/170px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/170px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/255px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/340px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o" title="Fort São Sebastião">Fort São Sebastião</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a> after which the country is named, is a small coral island at the mouth of Mossuril Bay on the <a href="/wiki/Nacala" title="Nacala">Nacala</a> coast of northern Mozambique, first explored by Europeans in the late 15th century. When Portuguese explorers reached Mozambique in 1498, Arab-trading settlements had existed along the coast and outlying islands for several centuries.<a href="#cite_note-gupta-29">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a> From about 1500, Portuguese trading posts and forts displaced the Arabic commercial and military hegemony, becoming regular ports of call on the new European sea route to the east,<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-31">[26]</a> the first steps in what was to become a process of colonisation.<a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-31">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newitt-32">[27]</a> The voyage of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in 1498 marked the Portuguese entry into trade, politics, and society of the region. The Portuguese gained control of the Island of Mozambique and the port city of Sofala in the early 16th century, and by the 1530s, small groups of Portuguese traders and prospectors seeking gold penetrated the interior regions. Here they set up garrisons and trading posts at <a href="/wiki/Sena,_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Sena, Mozambique">Sena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a> on the Zambezi and tried to gain exclusive control over the gold trade.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a> In the central part of the Mozambique territory, the Portuguese attempted to legitimise and consolidate their trade and settlement positions through the creation of <a href="/wiki/Prazo" title="Prazo">prazos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a> These land grants tied emigrants to their settlements, and inland Mozambique was largely left to be administered by prazeiros, the grant holders, while central authorities in Portugal concentrated their direct exercise of power on, in their view, the more important Portuguese possessions in Asia and the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Isaac2000-33">[28]</a> Slavery in Mozambique pre-dated European-contact. African rulers and chiefs dealt in enslaved people, first with Arab Muslim traders, who sent the enslaved to Middle East Asia cities and plantations, and later with Portuguese and other European traders. In a continuation of the trade, slaves were supplied by warring local African rulers, who raided enemy tribes and sold their captives to the prazeiros. The authority of the prazeiros was exercised and upheld amongst the local population by armies of these enslaved men, whose members became known as <a href="/wiki/Chikunda" title="Chikunda">Chikunda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a> Continuing emigration from Portugal occurred at comparatively low levels until late in the nineteenth century, promoting "Africanisation".<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a> While prazos were originally intended to be held solely by Portuguese colonists, through intermarriage and the relative isolation of prazeiros from ongoing Portuguese influences, the prazos became African-Portuguese or African-Indian.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-31">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/220px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="380"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/220px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/330px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/440px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the Central Avenue in Lourenço Marques, now Maputo, ca. 1905</figcaption></figure> Although Portuguese influence gradually expanded, its power was limited and exercised through individual settlers and officials who were granted extensive autonomy. The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims between 1500 and 1700, but, with the Arab Muslim seizure of Portugal's key foothold at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesus" title="Fort Jesus">Fort Jesus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mombasa_Island" title="Mombasa Island">Mombasa Island</a> (now in Kenya) in 1698, the pendulum began to swing in the other direction. As a result, investment lagged while <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> devoted itself to the more lucrative trade with India and the Far East and to the colonisation of Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mazrui" title="Mazrui">Mazrui</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Omani Arabs</a> reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south. Many prazos had declined by the mid-19th century, but several of them survived. During the 19th century other European powers, particularly the British (<a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a>) and the French (Madagascar), became increasingly involved in the trade and politics of the region around the Portuguese East African territories.<a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/220px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/220px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/330px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/440px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portuguese language printing and typesetting class, 1930</figcaption></figure> By the early 20th century the Portuguese had shifted the administration of much of Mozambique to large private companies, like the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Company" title="Mozambique Company">Mozambique Company</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambezia Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Niassa_Company" title="Niassa Company">Niassa Company</a>, controlled and financed mostly by British financiers such as <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Joel" title="Solomon Joel">Solomon Joel</a>, which established railroad lines to their neighbouring colonies (South Africa and <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>). Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the end of the 19th century the chartered companies enacted a forced labour policy and supplied cheap—often forced—African labour to the mines and <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> of the nearby British colonies and South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> The Zambezia Company, the most profitable chartered company, took over several smaller prazeiro holdings and established military outposts to protect its property. The chartered companies built roads and ports to bring their goods to market including a railroad linking present-day Zimbabwe with the Mozambican port of <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa-35">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-36">[31]</a> Due to their unsatisfactory performance and the shift, under the <a href="/wiki/Corporatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporatist">corporatist</a> <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime of <a href="/wiki/Oliveira_Salazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliveira Salazar">Oliveira Salazar</a>, toward a stronger Portuguese control of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>'s economy, the companies' concessions were not renewed when they ran out. This was what happened in 1942 with the Mozambique Company, which, however, continued to operate in the agricultural and commercial sectors as a corporation, and had already happened in 1929 with the termination of the Niassa Company's concession. In 1951, the Portuguese overseas colonies in Africa were rebranded as Overseas Provinces of Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa-35">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mueda_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueda massacre">Mueda massacre</a> of 16 June 1960, resulted in the death of <a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a> protestors, which provoked the struggle of independence from Portuguese rule of Mozambique. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964–1975)">Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sempreatentos...aoperigo!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/220px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="437"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/220px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/330px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/440px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portuguese troops during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a>, some loading <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/AR-10" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-10">AR-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%26K_G3" class="mw-redirect" title="H&K G3">H&K G3</a></figcaption></figure> As <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">anti-colonial</a> ideologies spread out across Africa, many clandestine political movements were established in support of Mozambican independence. These movements claimed that since policies and development plans were primarily designed by the ruling authorities for the benefit of Mozambique's Portuguese population, little attention was paid to Mozambique's tribal integration and the development of its native communities.<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> According to the official guerrilla statements, this affected a majority of the indigenous population who suffered both state-sponsored discrimination and enormous social pressure. As a response to the guerrilla movement, the Portuguese government from the 1960s and principally the early 1970s initiated gradual changes with new socioeconomic developments and egalitarian policies.<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (<a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a>) initiated a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964. This conflict—along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>—became part of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> (1961–1974). From a military standpoint, the Portuguese regular army maintained control of the population centres while the guerrilla forces sought to undermine their influence in rural and tribal areas in the north and west. As part of their response to FRELIMO, the Portuguese government began to pay more attention to creating favourable conditions for social development and economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1975)">Independence (1975)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independence (1975)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> FRELIMO took control of the territory after ten years of sporadic warfare, as well as Portugal's own return to democracy after the fall of the authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime in the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> of April 1974 and the failed <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_25_November_1975" title="Coup of 25 November 1975">coup of 25 November 1975</a>. Within a year, most of the 250,000 Portuguese in Mozambique had left—some expelled by the government of the nearly independent territory, some left the country to avoid possible reprisals from the unstable government—and Mozambique became independent from Portugal on 25 June 1975.<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> A law had been passed on the initiative of the relatively unknown <a href="/wiki/Armando_Guebuza" title="Armando Guebuza">Armando Guebuza</a> of the FRELIMO party, ordering the Portuguese to leave the country in 24 hours with only 20 kilograms (44 pounds) of luggage. Unable to salvage any of their assets, most of them returned to Portugal penniless.<a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977–1992)">Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_mine_victim_2_(4364914733).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/220px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/220px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/330px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/440px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A land mine victim in Mozambique</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">new government</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel" title="Samora Machel">Samora Machel</a> established a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> principles. It received diplomatic and some military support from <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and proceeded to crack down on opposition.<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> Starting shortly after independence, the country was plagued from 1977 to 1992 by a long and violent civil war between the opposition forces of anti-communist Mozambican National Resistance (<a href="/wiki/RENAMO" title="RENAMO">RENAMO</a>) rebel militias and the FRELIMO regime. This conflict characterised the first decades of Mozambican independence, combined with sabotage from the neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> and South Africa, ineffective policies, failed central planning, and the resulting economic collapse. This period was also marked by the exodus of Portuguese nationals and Mozambicans of Portuguese heritage,<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> a collapsed infrastructure, lack of investment in productive assets, and government nationalisation of privately owned industries, as well as widespread famine. During most of the civil war, the FRELIMO-formed central government was unable to exercise effective control outside urban areas, many of which were cut off from the capital.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> RENAMO-controlled areas included up to 50% of the rural areas in several provinces, and it is reported that health services of any kind were isolated from assistance for years in those areas. The problem worsened when the government cut back spending on health care.<a href="#cite_note-Pfeiffer._J._2003-45">[40]</a> The war was marked by mass human rights violations from both sides of the conflict, with both RENAMO and FRELIMO contributing to the chaos through the use of terror and indiscriminate targeting of civilians.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> The central government executed tens of thousands of people while trying to extend its control throughout the country and sent many people to "re-education camps" where thousands died.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/220px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="967"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 210px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/220px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/330px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/440px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The geopolitical situation in 1975; nations friendly to the FRELIMO are shown in orange.</figcaption></figure> During the war, RENAMO proposed a peace agreement based on the secession of RENAMO-controlled northern and western territories as the independent Republic of Rombesia, but FRELIMO refused, insisting on the undivided sovereignty of the entire country. An estimated one million Mozambicans perished during the civil war, 1.7 million took refuge in neighbouring states, and several million more were internally displaced.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> The FRELIMO regime also gave shelter and support to South African (<a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>) and Zimbabwean (<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union" title="Zimbabwe African National Union">Zimbabwe African National Union</a>) rebel movements, while the governments of Rhodesia and later Apartheid South Africa backed RENAMO in the civil war.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> Between 300,000 and 600,000 people died of famine during the war.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> On 19 October 1986, Machel was on his way back from an international meeting in Zambia when his <a href="/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash" title="1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash">plane crashed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lebombo_Mountains" title="Lebombo Mountains">Lebombo Mountains</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mbuzini" title="Mbuzini">Mbuzini</a> in South Africa. President Machel and thirty-three others died, including ministers and officials of the Mozambique government. The United Nations' Soviet delegation issued a minority report contending that their expertise and experience had been undermined by the South Africans. Representatives of the Soviet Union advanced the theory that the plane had been intentionally diverted by a false <a href="/wiki/VHF_omnidirectional_range" title="VHF omnidirectional range">navigational beacon</a> signal, using a technology provided by military intelligence operatives of the South African government.<a href="#cite_note-TRC-50">[45]</a> Machel's successor <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Joaquim Chissano</a> implemented sweeping changes in the country, starting reforms such as changing from Marxism to capitalism and began peace talks with RENAMO. The new constitution enacted in 1990 provided for a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party political system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market-based economy</a>, and free elections. That same year, Mozambique abolished the people's republic as the country's official name. The civil war ended in October 1992 with the <a href="/wiki/Rome_General_Peace_Accords" title="Rome General Peace Accords">Rome General Peace Accords</a>, first brokered by the Christian Council of Mozambique (Council of Protestant Churches) and then taken over by <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Community of Sant'Egidio</a>. Peace returned to Mozambique, under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Mozambique" title="United Nations Operation in Mozambique">peacekeeping force of the United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_era_(1993–present)">Democratic era (1993–present)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Democratic era (1993–present)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/330px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/440px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">US helicopter</a> flying over the flooded <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo River</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">2000 Mozambique flood</a></figcaption></figure> Mozambique held elections in 1994, which were accepted by most political parties as free and fair although still contested by many nationals and observers alike. FRELIMO won, under Joaquim Chissano, while RENAMO, led by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Dhlakama" title="Afonso Dhlakama">Afonso Dhlakama</a>, ran as the official opposition.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> In 1995, Mozambique joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, becoming, at the time, the only member nation that had never been part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a> By mid-1995, over 1.7 million refugees who had sought asylum in neighbouring countries had returned to Mozambique, part of the largest repatriation witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa. An additional four million <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> had returned to their homes.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> In December 1999, Mozambique held elections for a second time since the civil war, which were again won by FRELIMO. RENAMO accused FRELIMO of fraud and threatened to return to civil war but backed down after taking the matter to the Supreme Court and losing.<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> In early 2000, a cyclone caused <a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">widespread flooding</a>, killing hundreds and devastating the already precarious infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> There were widespread suspicions that foreign aid resources had been diverted by powerful leaders of FRELIMO. <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cardoso_(journalist)" title="Carlos Cardoso (journalist)">Carlos Cardoso</a>, a journalist investigating these allegations, was murdered,<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> and his death was never satisfactorily explained.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> Indicating in 2001 that he would not run for a third term,<a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> Chissano criticised leaders who stayed on longer than he had, which was generally seen as a reference to Zambian President <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Frederick Chiluba</a> and Zimbabwean President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004. FRELIMO candidate <a href="/wiki/Armando_Guebuza" title="Armando Guebuza">Armando Guebuza</a> won<a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a> with 64% of the popular vote, and Dhlakama received 32% of the popular vote. FRELIMO won 160 seats in Parliament, with a coalition of RENAMO and several small parties winning the 90 remaining seats. Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on 2 February 2005<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> and served two five-year terms. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a>, became the fourth President of Mozambique on 15 January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> From 2013 to 2019, a low-intensity <a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">insurgency by RENAMO</a> occurred, mainly in the country's central and northern regions. On 5 September 2014, Guebuza and Dhlakama signed the Accord on Cessation of Hostilities, which brought the military hostilities to a halt and allowed both parties to concentrate on the general elections to be held in October 2014. However, after the general elections, a new political crisis emerged. RENAMO did not recognise the validity of the election results and demanded the control of six provinces – Nampula, Niassa, Tete, Zambezia, Sofala, and Manica – where they claimed to have won a majority.<a href="#cite_note-:02-67">[62]</a> About 12,000 refugees fled to <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Doctors Without Borders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that government forces had torched villages and carried out <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">sexual abuses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a> In October 2019, President Filipe Nyusi was re-elected after a landslide victory in <a href="/wiki/2019_Mozambican_general_election" title="2019 Mozambican general election">general election</a>. FRELIMO won 184 seats, RENAMO got 60 seats and the MDM party received the remaining 6 seats in the National Assembly. Opposition did not accept the results because of allegations of fraud and irregularities. FRELIMO secured two-thirds majority in parliament which allowed FRELIMO to re-adjust the constitution without needing the agreement of the opposition.<a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> Since 2017, the country has faced an <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">ongoing insurgency by Islamist groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> In September 2020, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIL</a> insurgents captured and briefly occupied <a href="/wiki/Vamizi_Island" title="Vamizi Island">Vamizi Island</a> in the Indian Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> In March 2021, dozens of civilians were killed and 35,000 others were displaced after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Islamist rebels seized</a> the city of <a href="/wiki/Palma,_Mozambique" title="Palma, Mozambique">Palma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> In December 2021, nearly 4,000 Mozambicans fled their villages after an intensification of jihadist attacks in <a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Geography of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/170px-Mozambique_sat.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="1968"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/170px-Mozambique_sat.png" data-width="170" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/255px-Mozambique_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/340px-Mozambique_sat.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Satellite image</figcaption></figure> At 309,475 sq mi (801,537 km2), Mozambique is the world's 35th-largest country. Mozambique is located on the southeast coast of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and is bound by <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Mozambique lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/10th_parallel_south" title="10th parallel south">10°</a> and <a href="/wiki/27th_parallel_south" title="27th parallel south">27°S</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/30th_meridian_east" title="30th meridian east">30°</a> and <a href="/wiki/41st_meridian_east" title="41st meridian east">41°E</a>. The country is divided into two topographical regions by the Zambezi River. To the north of the Zambezi, the narrow coastal strip gives way to inland hills and low plateaus. Rugged highlands are further west; they include the Niassa highlands, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Namuli" title="Mount Namuli">Namuli</a> or Shire highlands, Angonia highlands, Tete highlands and the Makonde plateau, covered with <a href="/wiki/Miombo" title="Miombo">miombo</a> woodlands. To the south of the Zambezi, the lowlands are broader with the Mashonaland plateau and <a href="/wiki/Lebombo_Mountains" title="Lebombo Mountains">Lebombo Mountains</a> located in the deep south. The country is drained by five principal rivers and several smaller ones with the largest and most important the Zambezi. The country has four notable lakes: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Niassa</a> (or Malawi), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chiuta" title="Lake Chiuta">Lake Chiuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cahora_Bassa" title="Cahora Bassa">Cahora Bassa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Shirwa" title="Lake Shirwa">Lake Shirwa</a>, all in the north. The major cities are <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimoio" title="Chimoio">Chimoio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemba,_Mozambique" title="Pemba, Mozambique">Pemba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhambane" title="Inhambane">Inhambane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xai-Xai" title="Xai-Xai">Xai-Xai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichinga" title="Lichinga">Lichinga</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mozambique">Climate of Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Mozambique" title="Climate change in Mozambique">Climate change in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/290px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="850"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 204px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/290px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png" data-width="290" data-height="204" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/435px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/580px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mozambique map of Köppen climate classification zones</figcaption></figure> Mozambique has a tropical climate with two seasons: a <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> from October to March and a <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> from April to September. Climatic conditions, however, vary depending on altitude. Rainfall is heavy along the coast and decreases in the north and south. Annual precipitation varies from 500 to 900 mm (19.7 to 35.4 in) depending on the region, with an average of 590 mm (23.2 in). Cyclones are common during the wet season. Average temperature ranges in Maputo are from 13 to 24 °C (55.4 to 75.2 °F) in July and from 22 to 31 °C (71.6 to 87.8 °F) in February. In 2019 Mozambique suffered floods and destruction from the devastating cyclones <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Idai" title="Cyclone Idai">Idai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Kenneth" title="Cyclone Kenneth">Kenneth</a>, the first time two cyclones had struck the nation in a single season.<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> Thousands of crops were destroyed during the flooding, which causes transboundary animal diseases, and over 10 million people were affected throughout the region, according to the FAO's urgent campaign for southern Africa, which includes Malawi, Madagascar, and Mozambique. These countries have been experiencing climate disasters between January and March 2023 that have seriously affected various sectors, including farming, fisheries, and thousands of crops.<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wildlife" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mozambique" title="Wildlife of Mozambique">Wildlife of Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Flora of Mozambique">Category:Flora of Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_marine_molluscs_of_Mozambique" title="List of marine molluscs of Mozambique">List of marine molluscs of Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Mozambique" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Mozambique">List of non-marine molluscs of Mozambique</a></div> There are known to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Mozambique" title="List of birds of Mozambique">740 bird species</a> in Mozambique, including 20 globally threatened species and two introduced species, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Mozambique" title="List of mammals of Mozambique">over 200 mammal species</a> endemic to Mozambique, including the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Selous%27_zebra" title="Selous' zebra">Selous' zebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent%27s_bush_squirrel" title="Vincent's bush squirrel">Vincent's bush squirrel</a> and 13 other endangered or vulnerable species. <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Mozambique" title="List of protected areas of Mozambique">Protected areas</a> include thirteen forest reserves, seven national parks, six nature reserves, three frontier conservation areas and three wildlife or game reserves. The country had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 6.93/10, ranking it 62nd globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-81">[76]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government and politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Politics of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filipe_Nyusi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/220px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/220px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/330px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/440px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/220px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/220px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/330px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/440px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Maputo City Hall</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mozambique" title="Constitution of Mozambique">Constitution of Mozambique</a> stipulates that the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">President of the Republic</a> functions as the head of state, head of government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and as a symbol of national unity.<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> He is <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">directly elected</a> for a five-year term via run-off voting; if no candidate receives more than half of the votes cast in the first round of voting, a second round of voting will be held in which only the two candidates who received the highest number of votes in the first round will participate, and whichever of the candidates obtains a majority of votes in the second round will thus be elected president. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">prime minister</a> is appointed by the president. His functions include convening and chairing the council of ministers (cabinet), advising the president, assisting the president in governing the country, and coordinating the functions of the other ministers. The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique">Assembly of the Republic</a> (Assembleia da República) has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. The judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and provincial, district, and municipal courts. Mozambique operates a small, functioning military that handles all aspects of domestic national defence, the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Defence_Armed_Forces" title="Mozambique Defence Armed Forces">Mozambique Defence Armed Forces</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Provinces of Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mozambique" title="Districts of Mozambique">Districts of Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postos_of_Mozambique" title="Postos of Mozambique">Postos of Mozambique</a></div> Mozambique is divided into ten provinces (provincias) and one capital city (cidade capital) with provincial status. The provinces are subdivided into 129 districts (distritos). The districts are further divided into 405 "postos administrativos" (administrative posts, headed by secretários) and then into localidades (localities), the lowest geographical level of the central state administration. There are 53 "municípios" (municipalities).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tete_Province" title="Tete Province">Tete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manica_Province" title="Manica Province">Manica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Province" title="Gaza Province">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> (city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Province" title="Maputo Province">Maputo</a></li></ol> </td> <td style="width:230px; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Mozambique with the province highlighted"><noscript><img alt="Map of Mozambique with the province highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/170px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1706"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/170px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png" data-alt="Map of Mozambique with the province highlighted" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/255px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/340px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mozambique" title="Foreign relations of Mozambique">Foreign relations of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Mozambique,_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/170px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="1843"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/170px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" data-width="170" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/255px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/340px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mozambique's embassy in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> While allegiances dating back to the liberation struggle remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. The twin pillars of Mozambique's foreign policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbours<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> Mozambique's decision to enforce UN sanctions against Rhodesia and deny that country access to the sea led <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a>'s government to undertake overt and covert actions to oppose the country. Although the change of government in Zimbabwe in 1980 removed this threat, the government of South Africa continued to destabilise Mozambique.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> Mozambique also belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Frontline_States" title="Frontline States">Frontline States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> The 1984 <a href="/wiki/Nkomati_Accord" title="Nkomati Accord">Nkomati Accord</a>, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments. This process gained momentum with South Africa's elimination of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, which culminated in the establishment of full diplomatic relations in October 1993. While relations with neighbouring Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania show occasional strains, Mozambique's ties to these countries remain strong.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> In the years immediately following its independence, Mozambique benefited from considerable assistance from some Western countries, notably the Scandinavians. The Soviet Union and its allies became Mozambique's primary economic, military and political supporters, and its foreign policy reflected this linkage. This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. Western aid by the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> quickly replaced Soviet support.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> are becoming increasingly important sources of development assistance. Italy also maintains a profile in Mozambique as a result of its key role during the peace process. Relations with Portugal, the former colonial power, continue to be important because Portuguese investors play a visible role in Mozambique's economy.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> meets members of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Indian community in Mozambique</a>, 7 July 2016.</figcaption></figure> Mozambique is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> and ranks among the moderate members of the African bloc in the United Nations and other international organisations. Mozambique also belongs to the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a>. In 1994, the government became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of the Islamic Conference</a>, in part to broaden its base of international support but also to please the country's sizeable Muslim population. Similarly, in 1995 Mozambique joined its Anglophone neighbours in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. At the time it was the only nation to have joined the Commonwealth that was never part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. In the same year, Mozambique became a founding member and the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> and maintains close ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Human rights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mozambique" title="Human rights in Mozambique">Human rights in Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Mozambique" title="Human trafficking in Mozambique">Human trafficking in Mozambique</a></div> Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 2015.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> However, discrimination against <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mozambique">LGBT people</a> in Mozambique is widespread.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" title="Economy of Mozambique">Economy of Mozambique</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/495px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/660px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Historical development of real GDP per capita in Mozambique, since 1960</figcaption></figure> Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world, even though between 1994 and 2006 its average annual GDP growth was approximately 8%. Since 2014/15 household real consumption has decreased significantly and a sharp rise in <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> has been observed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> classifies Mozambique as a <a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">heavily indebted poor country</a>. In a 2006 survey, three-quarters of Mozambicans said that in the past five years their economic position had remained the same or become worse.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a> Mozambique was ranked 128th out of 139 in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> Mozambique's official currency is the <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">metical</a> (as of October 2023, US$1 is roughly equivalent to 64 meticals) The <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> are widely accepted and used in business transactions. The minimum legal salary is around US$60 per month. Mozambique is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC).<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> The SADC <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> protocol is aimed at making the Southern African region more competitive by eliminating <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">trade barriers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in 2007 talked of Mozambique's 'blistering pace of economic growth'. A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.'<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebounding_growth">Rebounding growth</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rebounding growth" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-databank.worldbank.org-93">[88]</a> Rapid expansion in the future hinges on several major foreign investment projects, continued economic reform, and the revival of the agriculture, transportation, and tourism sectors.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> In 2013 about 80% of the population was employed in agriculture, the majority of whom were engaged in small-scale subsistence farming<a href="#cite_note-Canada-94">[89]</a> which still suffered from inadequate infrastructure, commercial networks, and investment.<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> However, in 2012, more than 90% of Mozambique's arable land was still <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">uncultivated</a>. In 2013, a BBC article reported that starting in 2009, the Portuguese had been returning to Mozambique because of the growing economy in Mozambique and the poor economic situation in Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_reforms">Economic reforms</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economic reforms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> More than 1,200 mostly small <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">state-owned enterprises</a> have been <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatised</a>. Preparations for privatisation and/or sector liberalisation were made for the remaining parastatal enterprises, including telecommunications, energy, ports, and railways. The government frequently selected a strategic foreign investor when privatising a parastatal. Additionally, customs duties have been reduced, and customs management has been streamlined and reformed. The government introduced a value-added tax in 1999 as part of its efforts to increase domestic revenues. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Corruption" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/220px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/220px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/330px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/440px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Traditional sailboat in <a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilha de Moçambique">Ilha de Moçambique</a></figcaption></figure> Mozambique's economy has been shaken by numerous corruption scandals. In July 2011, the government proposed new anti-corruption laws to criminalise embezzlement, influence peddling and <a href="/wiki/Graft_(politics)" title="Graft (politics)">graft</a>, following numerous instances of the theft of public money. This has been endorsed by the country's Council of Ministers. Mozambique convicted two former ministers for graft.<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> Mozambique was ranked 116 of 178 countries in anti-graft watchdog <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>'s index of global corruption. According to a USAID report written in 2005, "the scale and scope of corruption in Mozambique are cause for alarm."<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> In 2012, the government of Inhambane province uncovered the misappropriation of public funds by the director of the Provincial Anti-Drugs Office, Calisto Alberto Tomo. He was found to have colluded with the accountant in the Anti-Drugs Office, Recalda Guambe, to steal over 260,000 meticais between 2008 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> The government of Mozambique has taken steps to address the problem of corruption, and some positive developments can be observed, such as the passages of several anti-corruption bills in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Natural resources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Mozambique" title="Mineral industry of Mozambique">Mineral industry of Mozambique</a></div> In 2010–2011, <a href="/wiki/Anadarko_Petroleum" title="Anadarko Petroleum">Anadarko Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a> discovered the <a href="/wiki/Mamba_South_gas_field" title="Mamba South gas field">Mamba South gas field</a>, recoverable reserves of 4,200 billion cubic metres (150 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas in the <a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_River" title="Ruvuma River">Rovuma</a> Basin, off the coast of northern Cabo Delgado Province. Once developed, this could make Mozambique one of the largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> in the world. In January 2017, 3 firms were selected by the government for the natural gas development projects in the Rovuma gas basin. GL Africa Energy (UK) was awarded one of the tenders. It plans to build and operate a 250 MW gas-powered plant.<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a> Production was scheduled to start in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a> Mozambique is now scheduled to begin exporting LNG globally in 2024. In 2019, developments in the Rovuma Basin, referred to as The Mozambique LNG Project, raised $19 billion from a consortium of investors to finally bring this LNG to market. The majority of the project and its associated operations have been awarded to the company, TotalEnergies.<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mozambique" title="Tourism in Mozambique">Tourism in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/220px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/220px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/330px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/440px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>European tourists on the beach, in <a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a>, Mozambique</figcaption></figure> The country's natural environment, wildlife, and historic heritage provide opportunities for beach, cultural, and <a href="/wiki/Eco-tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-tourism">eco-tourism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a> Mozambique has a great potential for growth in its gross domestic product (GDP).<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> The north beaches with clean water are suitable for tourism,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research?</a>] especially those that are very far from urban centres, such the Quirimbas Islands and the archipelago of Bazaruto.<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> The Inhambane Province attracts international divers because of the marine biodiversity and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Whale_shark" title="Whale shark">whale sharks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manta_ray" title="Manta ray">manta rays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> There are several national parks, including <a href="/wiki/Gorongosa_National_Park" title="Gorongosa National Park">Gorongosa National Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mozambique" title="Transport in Mozambique">Transport in Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Mozambique">Rail transport in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/220px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2929" data-file-height="1947"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/220px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/330px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/440px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Steam locomotive at Inhambane, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/220px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/220px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/330px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/440px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The national Mozambican airline, <a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines">LAM Mozambique</a></figcaption></figure> There are over 30,000 km (19,000 mi) of roads, but much of the network is unpaved. Like its <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> neighbours, <a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">traffic circulates on the left</a>, in spite of having not been colonised by the British. There is an international airport at Maputo, 21 other paved airports, and over 100 airstrips with unpaved runways. There are 3,750 km of <a href="/wiki/Navigability" title="Navigability">navigable</a> inland waterways. There are rail links serving principal cities and connecting the country with Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The Mozambican railway system developed over more than a century from three different ports on the coast that served as terminals for separate lines to the hinterland. The railroads were major targets during the Mozambican Civil War, were sabotaged by RENAMO, and are being rehabilitated. A <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">parastatal</a> authority, Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique (Mozambique Ports and Railways), oversees the railway system and its connected ports, but management has been largely outsourced. Each line has its own development corridor. As of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 3,123 km of railway track, consisting of 2,983 km of <a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">1,067 mm</a> (3 ft 6 in) gauge, compatible with neighbouring rail systems, and a 140 km line of <a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways">762 mm</a> (2 ft 6 in) gauge, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Railway" title="Gaza Railway">Gaza Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a> The central <a href="/wiki/Beira%E2%80%93Bulawayo_railway" title="Beira–Bulawayo railway">Beira–Bulawayo railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sena_railway" title="Sena railway">Sena railway</a> route links the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Beira" title="Port of Beira">port of Beira</a> to the landlocked countries of Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. To the north of this the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nacala" title="Port of Nacala">port of Nacala</a> is also linked by <a href="/wiki/Nacala_railway" title="Nacala railway">Nacala rail</a> to Malawi, and to the south the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Maputo" title="Port of Maputo">port of Maputo</a> is connected by the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_railway" title="Limpopo railway">Limpopo rail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goba_railway" title="Goba railway">Goba rail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pretoria%E2%80%93Maputo_railway" title="Pretoria–Maputo railway">Ressano Garcia rail</a> to Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa. These networks interconnect only via neighbouring countries. A new route for coal haulage between Tete and Beira was planned to come into service by 2010,<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a> and in August 2010, Mozambique and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> signed a memorandum of understanding to develop a 1,100 km railway through Zimbabwe, to carry coal from <a href="/wiki/Serule" title="Serule">Serule</a> in Botswana to a deepwater port at <a href="/wiki/Techobanine" title="Techobanine">Techobanine</a> Point.<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a> Newer rolling stock has been supplied by the Indian <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock</a> workshop<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a> using <a href="/wiki/Janney_coupler" title="Janney coupler">Centre Buffer Couplers</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Railway_air_brake" title="Railway air brake">air brakes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Water supply and sanitation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daily_struggle_for_water_(5400691444).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/220px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/220px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/330px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/440px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Woman fetching water during the dry season from a polluted source in Machaze District of the Central Manica Province</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Mozambique" title="Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique">Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique</a> is characterised by low levels of access to an <a href="/wiki/Improved_water_source" title="Improved water source">improved water source</a> (estimated to be 51% in 2011), low levels of access to adequate sanitation (estimated to be 25% in 2011) and mostly poor service quality. In 2007 the government defined a strategy for water supply and sanitation in rural areas, where 62% of the population lives. In urban areas, water is supplied by informal small-scale providers and by formal providers. Beginning in 1998, Mozambique reformed the formal part of the urban water supply sector through the creation of an independent regulatory agency called CRA, an asset-holding company called FIPAG and a <a href="/wiki/Public-private_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public-private partnership">public-private partnership</a> (PPP) with a company called Aguas de Moçambique.<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> The PPP covered those areas of the capital and of four other cities that had access to formal water supply systems. However, the PPP ended when the management contracts for four cities expired in 2008 and when the foreign partner of the company that serves the capital under a lease contract withdrew in 2010, claiming heavy losses. While urban water supply has received considerable policy attention, the government has no strategy for urban sanitation yet. External donors finance about 87.4% of all public investments in the sector. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Demographics of Mozambique</a></div> The north-central provinces of Zambezia and Nampula are the most populous, with about 45% of the population. The estimated four million <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a> are the dominant group in the northern part of the country; the <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shona_people" title="Shona people">Shona</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Ndau_people" title="Ndau people">Ndau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manyika" class="mw-redirect" title="Manyika">Manyika</a>) are prominent in the Zambezi valley,<a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-24">[19]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soshangane" title="Soshangane">Shangaan</a> people dominate southern Mozambique. Other groups include <a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga_people_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopi_people" title="Chopi people">Chopi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> people comprise 97.8% of the population, with the rest made up of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">Portuguese</a> ancestry, Euro-Africans (<a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples#Africa" title="Creole peoples">mestiço</a> people of mixed Bantu and Portuguese ancestry), and Indians.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-19">[14]</a> Roughly 45,000 people of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Indian descent</a> reside in Mozambique.<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a> During Portuguese colonial rule, a large minority of people of Portuguese descent lived permanently in almost all areas of the country,<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a> and Mozambicans with <a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry#Portuguese_in_Africa" title="White Africans of European ancestry">Portuguese heritage</a> at the time of independence numbered about 360,000.<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a> Many of these left the country after independence from Portugal in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> There are various estimates for the size of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mozambique" title="Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique">Mozambique's Chinese community</a>, ranging from 7,000 to 12,000 as of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISN-120">[115]</a> According to a 2011 survey, the total fertility rate was 5.9 children per woman, with 6.6 in rural areas and 4.5 in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Largest cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Mozambique <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">According to the 2017 Census<a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique" title="List of cities in Mozambique">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique" title="List of cities in Mozambique">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maputo"><noscript><img alt="Maputo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/120px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1313"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/120px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg" data-alt="Maputo" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/180px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/240px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Matola"><noscript><img alt="Matola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/120px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="655"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/120px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg" data-alt="Matola" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/180px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/240px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Matola" title="Matola">Matola</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Maputo City">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,080,277</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%BA%C3%A8" title="Gurúè">Gurúè</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">210,000 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Nampula_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nampula"><noscript><img alt="Nampula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/120px-Nampula_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1047"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 48px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/120px-Nampula_Airport.jpg" data-alt="Nampula" data-width="120" data-height="48" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/180px-Nampula_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/240px-Nampula_Airport.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Beira_center_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beira"><noscript><img alt="Beira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/120px-Beira_center_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/120px-Beira_center_2000.jpg" data-alt="Beira" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/180px-Beira_center_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/240px-Beira_center_2000.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Matola" title="Matola">Matola</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Province" title="Maputo Province">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,032,197</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pemba,_Mozambique" title="Pemba, Mozambique">Pemba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">201,846 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">663,212</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xai-Xai" title="Xai-Xai">Xai-Xai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Province" title="Gaza Province">Gaza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">132,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">592,090</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maxixe,_Mozambique" title="Maxixe, Mozambique">Maxixe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">123,868 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chimoio" title="Chimoio">Chimoio</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Manica_Province" title="Manica Province">Manica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">363,336</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Angoche" title="Angoche">Angoche</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">89,998 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tete_Province" title="Tete Province">Tete</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">307,338</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane" title="Inhambane">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,119 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">246,915</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuamba" title="Cuamba">Cuamba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lichinga" title="Lichinga">Lichinga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">242,204</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montepuez" title="Montepuez">Montepuez</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">76,139 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mocuba" title="Mocuba">Mocuba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">240,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dondo,_Mozambique" title="Dondo, Mozambique">Dondo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,817 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nacala" title="Nacala">Nacala</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,034</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moçambique (city)">Moçambique</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,712 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Languages of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mz_etnies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/290px-Mz_etnies.PNG" decoding="async" width="290" height="392" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 392px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/290px-Mz_etnies.PNG" data-width="290" data-height="392" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/435px-Mz_etnies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/580px-Mz_etnies.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Mozambique</figcaption></figure> Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language of the nation, spoken by 50.3% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a> Additionally, around 50% of Maputo speaks Portuguese as a native language.<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> The Bantu-group languages that are indigenous to the country vary greatly in their groupings and in some cases are rather poorly appreciated and documented.<a href="#cite_note-r1-125">[120]</a> Apart from its lingua franca uses in the north of the country, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> is spoken in a small area of the coast next to the Tanzanian border; south of this, towards Moçambique Island, <a href="/wiki/Mwani_language" title="Mwani language">Kimwani</a>, regarded as a dialect of Swahili, is used. Immediately inland of the Swahili area, <a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a> is used, separated farther inland by a small strip of <a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>-speaking territory from an area where <a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a> or ChiYao is used. Makonde and Yao belong to a different group, Yao<a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> being very close to the <a href="/wiki/Mwera_language" title="Mwera language">Mwera language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rondo_Plateau" title="Rondo Plateau">Rondo Plateau</a> area in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> Prepositions appear in these languages as locative prefixes prefixed to the noun and declined according to their own noun-class. Some <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Nyanja</a> is used at the coast of Lake Malawi, as well as on the other side of the Lake.<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a> Somewhat different from all of these are the languages of the eMakhuwa group, with a loss of initial k-, which means that many nouns begin with a vowel: for example, epula = "rain".<a href="#cite_note-r1-125">[120]</a> There is eMakhuwa proper, with the related <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">eLomwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">eChuwabo</a>, with a small <a href="/wiki/Koti_language" title="Koti language">eKoti</a>-speaking area at the coast. In an area straddling the lower Zambezi, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, which belongs to the same group as Nyanja, is spoken, with areas speaking the related CiNyungwe and CiSenga further upriver. A large <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a>-speaking area extends between the Zimbabwe border and the sea: this was formerly known as the Ndau variety<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> but now uses the orthography of the Standard Shona of Zimbabwe. Apparently similar to Shona, but lacking the tone patterns of the Shona language, and regarded by its speakers as quite separate, is CiBalke, also called Rue or Barwe, used in a small area near the Zimbabwe border. South of this area are languages of the <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> group. XiTswa or <a href="/wiki/Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Tswa</a> occurs at the coast and inland, XiTsonga or Tsonga straddles the area around the Limpopo River, including such local dialects as XiHlanganu, XiN'walungu, XiBila, XiHlengwe, and XiDzonga. This language area extends into neighbouring South Africa. Still related to these, but distinct, are GiTonga, BiTonga, and CiCopi or <a href="/wiki/Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Chopi</a>, spoken north of the mouth of the Limpopo, and XiRonga or <a href="/wiki/Ronga_language" title="Ronga language">Ronga</a>, spoken in the immediate region around Maputo. The languages in this group are, judging by the short vocabularies,<a href="#cite_note-r1-125">[120]</a> very vaguely similar to Zulu, but obviously not in the same immediate group. There are small Swazi- and Zulu-speaking areas in Mozambique immediately next to the Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal borders. Arabs, Chinese, and Indians primarily speak Portuguese and some Hindi. Indians from Portuguese India speak any of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese creoles</a> of their origin aside from Portuguese as their second language. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Religion in Mozambique</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/190px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 286px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/190px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="190" data-height="286" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/285px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/380px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Maputo" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Maputo">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Maputo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesquita_Maputo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/190px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/190px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="190" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/285px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/380px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A mosque in downtown Maputo</div></div></div></div></div> The 2007 census found that Christians made up 59.2% of Mozambique's population, Muslims comprised 18.9% of the population, 7.3% of the people held other beliefs, mainly <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>, and 13.9% had no religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-19">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a> A more recent government survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Demographic_and_Health_Surveys" title="Demographic and Health Surveys">Demographic and Health Surveys</a> program in 2015 indicated that Catholicism had increased to 30.5% of the population, Muslims constituted 19.3%, and various Protestant groups a total of 44%.<a href="#cite_note-DHS_2015-132">[127]</a> According to 2018 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" title="United States Commission on International Religious Freedom">United States Commission on International Religious Freedom</a>, 28% of the population is Catholic, 18% are Muslim (mostly Sunni), 15% are <a href="/wiki/Zionist_churches" title="Zionist churches">Zionist Christians</a>, 12% are Protestants, 7% are members of other religious groups, and 18% have no religion.<a href="#cite_note-IRFR-133">[128]</a> The Catholic Church has established twelve dioceses (Beira, Chimoio, Gurué, Inhambane, Lichinga, Maputo, Nacala, Nampula, Pemba, Quelimane, Tete,<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a> and Xai-Xai; archdioceses are <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>). Statistics for the dioceses range from a low 5.8% Catholics in the population in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Chimoio" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chimoio">Diocese of Chimoio</a>, to 32.50% in Quelimane diocese (Anuario catolico de Mocambique). Among the main Protestant denominations are <a href="/wiki/United_Baptist_Church_of_Mozambique" title="United Baptist Church of Mozambique">Igreja União Baptista de Moçambique</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assembleias_de_Deus" title="Assembleias de Deus">Assembleias de Deus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican Church of Southern Africa</a>, the Igreja do Evangelho Completo de Deus, the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_Metodista_Unida" title="Igreja Metodista Unida">Igreja Metodista Unida</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_Presbiteriana_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique">Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Igrejas_de_Cristo" title="Igrejas de Cristo">Igrejas de Cristo</a> and the Assembleia Evangélica de Deus. The work of Methodism in Mozambique started in 1890. Erwin Richards began a Methodist mission at Chicuque in Inhambane Province. The Igreja Metodista Unida em Moçambique (United Methodist Church in Mozambique) observed the 100th anniversary of Methodist presence in Mozambique in 1990. President Chissano praised the work and role of the UMC to more than 10,000 people who attended the ceremony. The United Methodist Church has tripled in size in Mozambique since 1998. There are more than 150,000 members in more than 180 congregations of the 24 districts. New pastors are ordained each year. New churches are chartered each year in each Annual Conference (north and south).<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has established a growing presence. It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion. The independence in 1975 saw the entrance of new pioneers. In total, there are about 3,000 declared Baháʼís as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a>. Muslims are particularly present in the north of the country. They are organised in several "<a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">tariqa</a>" or <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">brotherhoods</a>. Two national organisations also exist—the Conselho Islâmico de Moçambique and the Congresso Islâmico de Moçambique. There are also important Pakistani, Indian associations as well as some Shia communities. There is a very small but thriving Jewish community in Maputo.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Mozambique" title="Health in Mozambique">Health in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/290px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="653"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/290px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/435px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/580px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The increase in the number of HIV positive Mozambicans on <a href="/wiki/Antiretroviral_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiretroviral drug">Antiretroviral treatment</a>, 2003–14</figcaption></figure> The fertility rate is at about 5.5 births per woman. Public expenditure on health was at 2.7% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure on health was at 1.3% in the same year. Health expenditure per capita was 42 US$ (PPP) in 2004. In the early 21st century there were 3 physicians per 100,000 people in the country. <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a> was at 100 per 1,000 births in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-138">[133]</a> The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550. This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 147 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5s mortality is 29. In Mozambique the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 3 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 37.<a href="#cite_note-SOWMY-139">[134]</a> The official <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV prevalence</a> in 2011 was 11.5% of the population aged between 15 and 49 years. In the southern parts of Mozambique—Maputo and Gaza provinces as well as the city of Maputo—the official figures are more than twice as high as the national average. In 2011 the health authorities estimated about 1.7 million Mozambicans were HIV-positive, of whom 600,000 were in need of anti-retroviral treatment. As of December 2011, 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Education in Mozambique</a></div> Portuguese is the primary language of instruction in all Mozambican schools. All Mozambicans are required by law to attend school through the primary level; however, a lot of children do not go to primary school because they have to work for their families' subsistence farms for a living. In 2007, one million children still did not go to school, most of them from poor rural families, and almost half of all teachers were unqualified. Girls enrollment increased from 3 million in 2002 to 4.1 million in 2006 while the completion rate increased from 31,000 to 90,000, which testified a very poor completion rate.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/220px-Mozambique_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="984"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/220px-Mozambique_school.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/330px-Mozambique_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/440px-Mozambique_school.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Students in front of their school in <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>, Mozambique</figcaption></figure> After grade 7, pupils must take standardised national exams to enter secondary school, which runs from eighth to 10th grade.<a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a> Space in Mozambican universities is extremely limited; thus most pupils who complete pre-university school do not immediately proceed on to university studies. Many go to work as teachers or are unemployed. There are also institutes that give more vocational training, specialising in agricultural, technical or pedagogical studies, which students may attend after grade 10 in lieu of a pre-university school. After independence from Portugal in 1975, a number of Mozambican pupils continued to be admitted every year at Portuguese high schools, polytechnical institutes and universities, through bilateral agreements between the Portuguese government and the Mozambican government. According to 2010 estimates, the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was 56.1% (70.8% male and 42.8% female).<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> By 2015, this had increased to 58.8% (73.3% male and 45.4% female).<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mozambique" title="Culture of Mozambique">Culture of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_-_mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/170px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1067"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 252px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/170px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="252" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/255px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/340px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Woman with traditional mask in Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_(33387901932).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/220px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/220px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/330px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/440px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure>Mozambique was ruled by Portugal, and they share a main language (Portuguese) and main religion (Roman Catholicism). But since most of the people of Mozambique are Bantus, most of the culture is native; for Bantus living in urban areas, there is some Portuguese influence. Mozambican culture also influences the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Portuguese culture</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Makonde are known for their wood carving and elaborate masks, which are commonly used in traditional dances. There are two different kinds of wood carvings: <a href="/wiki/Shetani" title="Shetani">shetani</a>, (evil spirits), which are mostly carved in heavy <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, tall, and elegantly curved with symbols and nonrepresentational faces; and <a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">ujamaa</a>, which are totem-type carvings which illustrate lifelike faces of people and various figures. These sculptures are usually referred to as "family trees" because they tell stories of many generations. During the last years of the colonial period, Mozambican art reflected the oppression by the colonial power and became a symbol of resistance. After independence in 1975, modern art came into a new phase. The two best known and most influential contemporary Mozambican artists are the painter <a href="/wiki/Malangatana_Ngwenya" title="Malangatana Ngwenya">Malangatana Ngwenya</a> and the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Chissano" title="Alberto Chissano">Alberto Chissano</a>. A lot of the post-independence art during the 1980s and 1990s reflect the political struggle, civil war, suffering, starvation, and struggle. Dances are usually intricate, highly developed traditions throughout Mozambique. There are many different kinds of dances from tribe to tribe which are usually ritualistic in nature. The Chopi, for instance, act out battles dressed in animal skins. The men of Makua dress in colourful outfits and masks while dancing on stilts around the village for hours. Groups of women in the northern part of the country perform a traditional dance called <a href="/wiki/Tufo_(dance)" title="Tufo (dance)">tufo</a>, to celebrate Islamic holidays.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Music of Mozambique</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mozambique" title="Special:EditPage/Mozambique">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">music of Mozambique</a> serves many purposes, ranging from religious expression to traditional ceremonies. Musical instruments are usually handmade. Some of the instruments used in Mozambican musical expression include drums made of wood and animal skin; the lupembe, a woodwind instrument made from animal horns or wood; and the <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, which is a kind of xylophone native to Mozambique and other parts of Africa. The marimba is a popular instrument with the Chopi of the south-central coast, who are famous for their musical skill and dance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_(4106248049).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/220px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/220px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/330px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/440px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Headquarters of Rádio Moçambique in <a href="/wiki/KaMpfumo" title="KaMpfumo">KaMpfumo</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> (photo 2009)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Mozambique" title="Mass media in Mozambique">Mozambican media</a> is heavily influenced by the government.<a href="#cite_note-salgado-145">[140]</a> Newspapers have relatively low circulation rates because of high newspaper prices and low <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-salgado-145">[140]</a> Among the most highly circulated newspapers are state-controlled dailies, such as Noticias and Diário de Moçambique, and the weekly Domingo.<a href="#cite_note-eisa-146">[141]</a> Their circulation is mostly confined to Maputo.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> Most funding and advertising revenue is given to pro-government newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-salgado-145">[140]</a> Radio programmes are the most influential form of media in the country because of ease of access.<a href="#cite_note-salgado-145">[140]</a> State-owned radio stations are more popular than privately owned media. This is exemplified by the government radio station, Rádio Moçambique, the most popular station in the country.<a href="#cite_note-salgado-145">[140]</a> It was established shortly after Mozambique's independence.<a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> The television stations watched by Mozambicans are STV, TIM, and <a href="/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Televisão de Moçambique">TVM</a>. Through cable and satellite, viewers can access tens of other African, Asian, Brazilian, and European channels.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cuisine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mozambique">Cuisine of Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mozambique" title="Special:EditPage/Mozambique">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (January 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> With a nearly 500-year presence in the country, the Portuguese have greatly influenced Mozambique's cuisine. Staples and crops such as <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (a starchy root of Brazilian origin) and <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a> nuts (also of Brazilian origin, though Mozambique was once the largest producer of these nuts), and pãozinho (pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[pɐ̃wˈzĩɲu]</a>, Portuguese-style buns), were brought in by the Portuguese. The use of spices and seasonings such as <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">bay leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, fresh <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a>, garlic, onions, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>, red sweet peppers, and wine were introduced by the Portuguese, as were maize, potatoes, rice, and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">espetada</a>, the popular inteiro com piripiri (whole chicken in <a href="/wiki/Peri-peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri-peri">piri-piri</a> sauce), prego (steak roll), pudim (pudding), and rissóis (battered shrimp) are all Portuguese dishes commonly eaten in present-day Mozambique. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_holidays">National holidays</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: National holidays" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Mozambique" title="Public holidays in Mozambique">Public holidays in Mozambique</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>National holiday designation</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 January</td> <td>Universal fraternity day</td> <td>New year </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 February</td> <td>Mozambican heroes day</td> <td>In tribute to <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mondlane" title="Eduardo Mondlane">Eduardo Mondlane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 April</td> <td>Mozambican women day</td> <td>In tribute to <a href="/wiki/Josina_Machel" title="Josina Machel">Josina Machel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 May</td> <td>International workers day</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Day">Workers' Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 June</td> <td>National Independence day</td> <td>Independence proclamation in 1975 (from Portugal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 September</td> <td>Victory Day</td> <td>In tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Accord" title="Lusaka Accord">Lusaka Accord</a> signed in 1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 September</td> <td>National Liberation Armed Forces Day</td> <td>In tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">start of the armed fight for national liberation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 October</td> <td>Peace and Reconciliation</td> <td>In tribute to the General Peace Agreement signed in Rome in 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 December</td> <td>Family Day</td> <td>Christians also celebrate Christmas </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: futebol) is the most popular sport in Mozambique. The national team is the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_national_football_team" title="Mozambique national football team">Mozambique national football team</a>. Track and field and basketball are also avidly followed in the country.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">Roller hockey</a> is popular, and the best result for the national team was when they came in fourth at the <a href="/wiki/2011_FIRS_Men%27s_Roller_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2011 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup">2011 FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup</a>. The women's beach volleyball team finished 2nd at the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932020_CAVB_Beach_Volleyball_Continental_Cup" title="2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup">2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_national_cricket_team" title="Mozambique national cricket team">Mozambique national cricket team</a> represents the nation in <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">international cricket</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mozambique-related_articles" title="Index of Mozambique-related articles">Index of Mozambique-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mozambique" title="Outline of Mozambique">Outline of Mozambique</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Includes <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_people" title="Lomwe people">Lomwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a>, and other African ethnic groups. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Includes those of Asian descent </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Includes Judaism, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baha’i</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmoʊzæmˈbiːk/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/48\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Moçambique, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[musɐ̃ˈbikɨ]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chichewa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa language">Chichewa</a>: Mozambiki; <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>: Muzambhiki; <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: Msumbiji </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> República de Moçambique, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ ðɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2017-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Census2017_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515170335/http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file">"Censo 2017 Brochura dos Resultados Definitivos do IV RGPH - Nacional"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file">the original</a> on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2017+Brochura+dos+Resultados+Definitivos+do+IV+RGPH+-+Nacional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.gov.mz%2Fiv-rgph-2017%2Fmocambique%2Fcenso-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf%2Fat_download%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=156c#IRFDEMOG">"National Profiles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301183431/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=156c#IRFDEMOG">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023. 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French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73642272">73642272</a>. <q>Of the contemporary cases, only four provide the assembly majority an unrestricted right to vote no confidence, and of these, only two allow the president unrestricted authority to appoint the prime minister. 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Roberts, Roland Anthony Oliver, Edition: Cambridge University Press, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22505-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22505-1">0-521-22505-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22505-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22505-2">978-0-521-22505-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_36-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LA28AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique">The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123044105/https://books.google.com/books?id=LA28AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique">Archived</a> 23 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism, W. G. Clarence-Smith, Edition: Manchester University Press ND, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1719-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1719-X">0-7190-1719-X</a>, 9780719017193 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090928143505/http%3A//digitarq%2Edgarq%2Egov%2Ept/default%2Easpx?page%3DregShow%26ID%3D1117748%26searchMode%3Dlf">Agência Geral do Ultramar</a>. dgarq.gov.pt </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Dinerman, Alice (26 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424020524/http://www.ipri.pt/publicacoes/revista_ri/artigo_rri.php?ida=173">Independence redux in postsocialist Mozambique</a>. ipri.pt </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bookofdaystales.com/tag/piri-piri/">"piri piri | BOOK OF DAYS TALES"</a>. www.bookofdaystales.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301040145/https://www.bookofdaystales.com/tag/piri-piri/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bookofdaystales.com&rft.atitle=piri+piri+%7C+BOOK+OF+DAYS+TALES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookofdaystales.com%2Ftag%2Fpiri-piri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HegjL_5tD6o">"CD do Diário de Notícias – Parte 08"</a>. 8 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317125157/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HegjL_5tD6o">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2010 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CD+do+Di%C3%A1rio+de+Not%C3%ADcias+%E2%80%93+Parte+08&rft.date=2007-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHegjL_5tD6o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Keesing's Contemporary Archives, page 27245. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Couto, Mia (April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/2004/04/15mozambique">Carnation revolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502222825/https://mondediplo.com/2004/04/15mozambique">Archived</a> 2 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Le Monde diplomatique </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Mozambique: a tortuous road to democracy by J .Cabrita, Macmillan 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92001-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92001-5">978-0-333-92001-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html">Dismantling the Portuguese Empire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723130930/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Time (Monday, 7 July 1975). </li> <li id="cite_note-Pfeiffer._J._2003-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Pfeiffer._J._2003_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer2003" class="citation journal cs1">Pfeiffer, J (2003). "International NGOs and primary health care in Mozambique: The need for a new model of collaboration". Social Science & Medicine. 56 (4): 725–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2802%2900068-0">10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00068-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12560007">12560007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=International+NGOs+and+primary+health+care+in+Mozambique%3A+The+need+for+a+new+model+of+collaboration&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=725-38&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2802%2900068-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12560007&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF">Table 14.1C Centi-Kilo Murdering States: Estimates, Sources and Calculations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172148/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF">Archived</a> 11 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. hawaii.edu </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Gersony 1988, p.30f. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Perlez, Jane (13 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/13/world/a-mozambique-formally-at-peace-is-bled-by-hunger-and-brutality.html">A Mozambique Formally at Peace Is Bled by Hunger and Brutality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326092019/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/13/world/a-mozambique-formally-at-peace-is-bled-by-hunger-and-brutality.html">Archived</a> 26 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communistcrimes.org/en/countries/mozambique">"Mozambique"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozambique+%7C+Communist+Crimes&rft.atitle=Mozambique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunistcrimes.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fmozambique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRC-50"><a href="#cite_ref-TRC_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060413084020/http://www.news24.com/Content_Display/TRC_Report/2chap6a.htm">"Special Investigation into the death of President Samora Machel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a> Report, vol.2, chapter 6a. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117133635/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/28/world/mozambican-elections-thrown-in-doubt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020. 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Retrieved 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.au=UIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.uis.unesco.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DEDULIT_DS%26popupcustomise%3Dtrue%26lang%3Den%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrick2007" class="citation book cs1">Fitzpatrick, Mary (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DVvRHCBtS9sC">Mozambique</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-188-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-188-1"><bdi>978-1-74059-188-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905143708/https://books.google.com/books?id=DVvRHCBtS9sC">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozambique&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-188-1&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVvRHCBtS9sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-salgado-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salgado_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salgado_145-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salgado_145-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salgado_145-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salgado_145-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalgado2014" class="citation book cs1">Salgado, Susana (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WC3jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">The Internet and Democracy Building in Lusophone African Countries</a>. Ashgate. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409472933" title="Special:BookSources/9781409472933"><bdi>9781409472933</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002207/https://books.google.com/books?id=WC3jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Internet+and+Democracy+Building+in+Lusophone+African+Countries&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781409472933&rft.aulast=Salgado&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWC3jBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eisa-146"><a href="#cite_ref-eisa_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsimbe2009" class="citation book cs1">Matsimbe, Zefanias (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228040157/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/mozambique-mass-media">"Ch. 9: Mozambique"</a>. In Denis Kadima and Susan Booysen (ed.). Compendium of Elections in Southern Africa 1989–2009: 20 Years of Multiparty Democracy. EISA, Johannesburg. pp. 319–321. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/mozambique-mass-media">the original</a> on 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+9%3A+Mozambique&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Elections+in+Southern+Africa+1989%E2%80%932009%3A+20+Years+of+Multiparty+Democracy&rft.pages=319-321&rft.pub=EISA%2C+Johannesburg&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Matsimbe&rft.aufirst=Zefanias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.content.eisa.org.za%2Fold-page%2Fmozambique-mass-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMárioUNESCO2011" class="citation book cs1">Mário, Tomás Vieira; UNESCO (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sAd5d8P_GfkC">Assessment of Media Development in Mozambique: Based on UNESCO's Media Development Indicators</a>. UNESCO. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789230010225" title="Special:BookSources/9789230010225"><bdi>9789230010225</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002207/https://books.google.com/books?id=sAd5d8P_GfkC">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assessment+of+Media+Development+in+Mozambique%3A+Based+on+UNESCO%27s+Media+Development+Indicators&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789230010225&rft.aulast=M%C3%A1rio&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1s+Vieira&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsAd5d8P_GfkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2008" class="citation book cs1">Berg, Jerome S. (24 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux9fZj6izuEC&pg=PA221">Broadcasting on the Short Waves, 1945 to Today</a>. McFarland. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786469024" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786469024"><bdi>978-0786469024</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002208/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux9fZj6izuEC&pg=PA221">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+on+the+Short+Waves%2C+1945+to+Today&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008-10-24&rft.isbn=978-0786469024&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Jerome+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUx9fZj6izuEC%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique/Cultural-institutions">"Mozambique – Cultural institutions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. 26 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026053343/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique/Cultural-institutions">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mozambique+%E2%80%93+Cultural+institutions&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMozambique%2FCultural-institutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/11488/mozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html">"Mozambique defeat hosts Uganda in Olympic qualifier of women's beach volleyball"</a>. India Blooms News Service. 11 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526121638/https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/11488/mozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Blooms+News+Service&rft.atitle=Mozambique+defeat+hosts+Uganda+in+Olympic+qualifier+of+women%27s+beach+volleyball&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiablooms.com%2Fsports-details%2FSN%2F11488%2Fmozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Abrahamsson, Hans, Mozambique: The Troubled Transition, from Socialist Construction to Free Market Capitalism London: Zed Books, 1995</li> <li>Bowen, Merle L., "The State against the Peasantry: Rural struggles in colonial and postcolonial Mozambique", Charlottesville & London, University Press of Virginia, 2000</li> <li>Cahen, Michel, Les bandits: un historien au Mozambique, Paris: Gulbenkian, 1994</li> <li>Fialho Feliciano, José, "Antropologia económca dos Thonga do sul de Moçambique", Maputo, Arquivo Histórico de Moçamique, 1998</li> <li>Gengenbach, Heidi, "Binding Memories: Women as Makers and Tellers of History in Magude, Mozambique". Columbia University Press, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg-e.org/geh01/main.html">Entire Text Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060841/http://www.gutenberg-e.org/geh01/main.html">Archived</a> 26 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent, First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-2-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-2-9">978-0-9802534-2-9</a></li> <li>Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Seven: "The Struggle for Mozambique: The Founding of FRELIMO in Tanzania," pp. 206–225, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-1-2">978-0-9802534-1-2</a></li> <li>Morier-Genoud, Eric, Cahen, Michel and do Rosário, Domingos M. (eds), The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992 (Oxford: James Currey, 2018)</li> <li>Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), Turning Points in African Democracy, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166.</li> <li>Newitt, Malyn, A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85065-172-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85065-172-8">1-85065-172-8</a></li> <li>Pitcher, Anne, Transforming Mozambique: The politics of privatisation, 1975–2000 Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002</li> <li>Varia, "Religion in Mozambique", LFM: Social sciences & Missions No. 17, December 2005</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Mozambique at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Mozambique">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" class="extiw" title="c:Moçambique">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Mozambique" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Mozambique">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mozambique">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Mozambique">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Mozambique">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Mozambique">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="voy:Mozambique">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029" class="extiw" title="d:Q1029">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> Government: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/">Republic of Mozambique</a> Official Government Portal</li></ul> General information: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/946981468287772139/Mozambique-then-and-now-an-atlas-of-socio-economic-statistics-1997-2007">Social Atlas</a> from <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13890416">Country Profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/">Mozambique</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026035559/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/mozambique.htm">Mozambique</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Mozambique" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Mozambique">Wikimedia Atlas of Mozambique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MZ">Key Development Forecasts for Mozambique</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/">Mozambique Population Worldometer</a></li></ul> Tourism: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niassareserve.org/">Niassa Reserve</a>—Niassa National Reserve official website</li></ul> Health: <ul><li>The State of the World's Midwifery – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_Mozambique_SoWMy_Profile.pdf">Mozambique Country Profile</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mozambique&params=18_15_S_35_00_E_type:country_region:MZ">18°15′S 35°00′E / 18.250°S 35.000°E / -18.250; 35.000</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&oldid=1259238947">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&oldid=1259238947</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 24 November 2024, at 03:24 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mosambiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%9B%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A2%E1%8A%AD" title="ሞዛምቢክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞዛምቢክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बीक – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मोजाम्बीक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambice" title="Mosambice – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mosambice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزمبيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موزمبيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambic" title="Mozambic – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Mozambic" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosamb%C3%ADke" title="Mosambíke – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mosambíke" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musambiki" title="Musambiki – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Musambiki" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="মোজাম্বিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোজাম্বিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мазамбік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мазамбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мазамбік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мазамбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D" title="མོ་ཛམ་བིཀ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོ་ཛམ་བིཀ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moçambic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazambuko" title="Mazambuko – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mazambuko" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambic" title="Mosambic – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mosambic" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزامبيق – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موزامبيق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A9" title="މުސިންބީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުސިންބީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dleesh_Binii%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dleesh Biniiʼí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dleesh Biniiʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiik" title="Mosambiik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mosambiik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Μοζαμβίκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοζαμβίκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiko" title="Mozambiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mozambiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambiqui" title="Moçambiqui – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Moçambiqui" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambike" title="Mozambike – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mozambike" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Farefare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambyk" title="Mozambyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mozambyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozammbik" title="Mozammbik – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Mozammbik" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht_Mh%C3%B3saimb%C3%ADc" title="Poblacht Mhósaimbíc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht Mhósaimbíc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vosambeeck" title="Yn Vosambeeck – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vosambeeck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2saimbic" title="Mòsaimbic – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mòsaimbic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95" title="મોઝામ્બિક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોઝામ્બિક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모잠비크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamabika" title="Mozamabika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mozamabika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Մոզամբիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոզամբիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोज़ाम्बीक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोज़ाम्बीक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="মোজাম্বিক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মোজাম্বিক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikh" title="Mozambikh – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Mozambikh" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMozambiki" title="IMozambiki – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMozambiki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3samb%C3%ADk" title="Mósambík – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mósambík" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambico" title="Mozambico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mozambico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מוזמביק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזמביק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moozambiki" title="Moozambiki – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Moozambiki" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೊಜಾಂಬಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊಜಾಂಬಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosamb%C3%ADki" title="Mosambíki – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mosambíki" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მოზამბიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოზამბიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambike" title="Mozambike – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Mozambike" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msumbiji" title="Msumbiji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msumbiji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musambiki" title="Musambiki – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Musambiki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C3%AEk" title="Mozambîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mozambîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambich" title="Mosambich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mosambich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiko" title="Mosambiko – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mosambiko" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicum" title="Mozambicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mozambicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikas" title="Mozambikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mozambikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambico" title="Moçambico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Moçambico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C3%ADki" title="Mozambíki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mozambíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambic" title="Mosambic – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mosambic" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiku" title="Mozambiku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mozambiku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mosambik" title="mosambik – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mosambik" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambich" title="Muzambich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muzambich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4zambika" title="Môzambika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môzambika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മൊസാംബിക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊസാംബിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C5%BCambik" title="Możambik – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Możambik" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohapiki" title="Mohapiki – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mohapiki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोझांबिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोझांबिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მოზამბიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოზამბიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزامبيق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موزامبيق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯃꯣꯓꯥꯝꯕꯤꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯓꯥꯝꯕꯤꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မိုဇမ်ဘစ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဇမ်ဘစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambyk" title="Mosambyk – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mosambyk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="モザンビーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モザンビーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moçambic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moozaambik" title="Moozaambik – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Moozaambik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਮੋਜ਼ੈਂਬੀਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਜ਼ੈਂਬੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजम्बीक – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मोजम्बीक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82" title="موزمبیق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موزمبیق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="موزامبيک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موزامبيک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiik" title="Mozambiik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mozambiik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ម៉ូហ្សំប៉ិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ូហ្សំប៉ិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambich" title="Mosambich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mosambich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambic" title="Mozambic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mozambic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musampiki" title="Musampiki – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musampiki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजम्बीक – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोजम्बीक" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6z%C3%A4mb%C3%AEka" title="Mözämbîka – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Mözämbîka" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiku" title="Mozambiku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mozambiku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="මොසැම්බික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොසැම්බික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزمبيق – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موزمبيق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musanbiig" title="Musanbiig – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Musanbiig" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مۆزامبیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆزامبیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மொசாம்பிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொசாம்பிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambiq" title="Muzambiq – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muzambiq" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၸမ်းပိၵ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၸမ်းပိၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="మొజాంబిక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొజాంబిక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambike" title="Mosambike – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Mosambike" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ประเทศโมซัมบิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโมซัมบิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%9B%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A2%E1%8A%AD" title="ሞዛምቢክ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሞዛምቢክ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos%C4%93mipiki" title="Mosēmipiki – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mosēmipiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikwi" title="Mozambikwi – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Mozambikwi" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мозамбік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мозамбік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82" title="موزمبیق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موزمبیق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%83" title="موزامبىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="موزامبىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbico" title="Mozanbico – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mozanbico" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik%C3%A4n" title="Mozambikän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mozambikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiik" title="Mosambiik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mosambiik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambhiki" title="Muzambhiki – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Muzambhiki" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מאזאמביק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאזאמביק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2s%C3%A1mb%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Mòsámbìkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mòsámbìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%B8%89%E9%BC%BB%E7%B5%A6" title="莫三鼻給 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莫三鼻給" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C4%97ks" title="Mozambėks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mozambėks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiNdebele seSewula</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD" title="ⵎⵓⵣⴰⵎⴱⵉⴽ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵣⴰⵎⴱⵉⴽ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 03:24 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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