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</div> </div> </div>  <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-165121 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemscope="itemscope"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#site-content">Skip to the content</a> <main class="main"> <br />  <section id="bby-main"> <div class="bby-container"> <div class="bby-content-wrapper"> <div class="bby-main-content justify-content-center"> <div class="bby-content-right"> <div class="bby-content-breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="https://www.bartleby.com"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1" /> </span>  »  <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/"><span itemprop="name">Anatomy of the Human Body</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> </span>  »  <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name" class="atm-mk-uncursor">6c. 4. The Patella</span> <meta itemprop="position" content="3" /> </span> </div> <div class="bby-content-nav"> <div class="nav-prev"> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/6c-3-the-femur"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <label>Previous Article</label> </a> </div> <div class="nav-next"> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/6c-5-the-tibia"> <label>Next Article</label> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="bby-single-content bby-single-content-post"> <p class="bby-entry-meta-fields"><br> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Contents</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/subject-index/">SUBJECT INDEX</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/bibliography/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/illustrations/">ILLUSTRATION INDEX</a> </p> <p class="text-center">Henry Gray (1825–1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.</p> <h1 class="text-center">6c. 4. The Patella</h1> <TR><TD><DIV ALIGN="center"><B>(Knee Cap)</B></DIV><BR><BR>The <B>patella</B> (<A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-255">Figs. 255,</A> <A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-256">256</A>) is a flat, triangular bone, situated on the front of the knee-joint. It is usually regarded as a sesamoid bone, developed in the tendon of the Quadriceps femoris, and resembles these bones (1) in being developed in a tendon; (2) in its center of ossification presenting a knotty or tuberculated outline; (3) in being composed mainly of dense cancellous tissue. It serves to protect the front of the joint, and increases the leverage of the Quadriceps femoris by making it act at a greater angle. It has an anterior and a posterior surface three borders, and an apex.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="1"><I>   1</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD><BR><CENTER><A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-255"><IMG WIDTH=98 HEIGHT=100 SRC="https://legacy-cms-media.bartleby.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/107/Images/small/image255.jpg" BORDER="0"></A><A NAME="i255"></A></CENTER></TD></TR><TR><TD><BR><CENTER><FONT SIZE="-1">F<FONT SIZE="-2">IG. </FONT>255– </FONT>Right patella. Anterior surface. (<A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-255">See enlarged image</A>)</CENTER></TD></TR><TR><TD> </TD></TR> <TR><TD><BR><CENTER><A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-256"><IMG WIDTH=98 HEIGHT=100 SRC="https://legacy-cms-media.bartleby.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/107/Images/small/image256.jpg" BORDER="0"></A><A NAME="i256"></A></CENTER></TD></TR><TR><TD><BR><CENTER><FONT SIZE="-1">F<FONT SIZE="-2">IG. </FONT>256– </FONT>Right patella. Posterior surface. (<A HREF="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/fig-256">See enlarged image</A>)</CENTER></TD></TR><TR><TD> </TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Surfaces.</B>—The <B>anterior surface</B> is convex, perforated by small apertures for the passage of nutrient vessels, and marked by numerous rough, longitudinal striæ. This surface is covered, in the recent state, by an expansion from the tendon of the Quadriceps femoris, which is continuous below with the superficial fibers of the ligamentum patellæ. It is separated from the integument by a bursa. The <B>posterior surface</B> presents above a smooth, oval, articular area, divided into two facets by a vertical ridge; the ridge corresponds to the groove on the patellar surface of the femur, and the facets to the medial and lateral parts of the same surface; the lateral facet is the broader and deeper. Below the articular surface is a rough, convex, non-articular area, the lower half of which gives attachment to the ligamentum patellæ; the upper half is separated from the head of the tibia by adipose tissue.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="2"><I>   2</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Borders.</B>—The <B>base</B> or <B>superior border</B> is thick, and sloped from behind, downward, and forward: it gives attachment to that portion of the Quadriceps femoris which is derived from the Rectus femoris and Vastus intermedius. The <B>medial</B> and <B>lateral borders</B> are thinner and converge below: they give attachment to those portions of the Quadriceps femoris which are derived from the Vasti lateralis and medialis.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="3"><I>   3</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Apex.</B>—The apex is pointed, and gives attachment to the ligamentum patellæ.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="4"><I>   4</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Structure.</B>—The patella consists of a nearly uniform dense cancellous tissue, covered by a thin compact lamina. The cancelli immediately beneath the anterior surface are arranged parallel with it. In the rest of the bone they radiate from the articular surface toward the other parts of the bone.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="5"><I>   5</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Ossification.</B>—The patella is ossified from a single center, which usually makes its appearance in the second or third year, but may be delayed until the sixth year. More rarely, the bone is developed by two centers, placed side by side. Ossification is completed about the age of puberty.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="6"><I>   6</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR><TR><TD><B>Articulation.</B>—The patella articulates with the femur.</TD><TD VALIGN= TOP ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE="-2"><A NAME ="7"><I>   7</I></A></FONT></TD></TR> </TABLE> <div class="bby-content-meta-footer-entry"> <p class="bby-entry-meta-fields"><br> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Contents</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/subject-index/">SUBJECT INDEX</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/bibliography/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD</a> -<a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/illustrations/">ILLUSTRATION INDEX</a> </p> </div> <div class="bby-content-nav"> <div class="nav-prev"> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/6c-3-the-femur"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <label>Previous Article</label> </a> </div> <div class="nav-next"> <a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/6c-5-the-tibia"> <label>Next Article</label> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  </main>   <footer id="bby-site-footer" class="bby-footer main-footer" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="bby-footer-top-container d-flex"> <div class="bby-container d-flex align-items-start flex-row"> <div class="footer-top-left-container d-flex align-items-start flex-row"> <div class="footer-nav-wrapper"> <div class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-content"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="105" height="30" src="https://legacy-cms-media.bartleby.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/11/14172410/bartleby-white.png" alt="" class="wp-image-175150" /></figure> </div></div> </div></div><div class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-content"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></div> </div> <div class="footer-nav-wrapper"> <div class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-content"><ul> <li><a href="/lit-hub/the-oxford-shakespeare/">Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/the-holy-bible/">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/the-elements-of-style/">Strunk</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/nonfiction/">Nonfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/quotations/">Quotations</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/reference/">Reference</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/lit-hub/fiction/">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/"> Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/hc/">Harvard Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/lit-hub/library/">Lit. 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