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id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contributions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contributions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jakob's_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakob's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Jakob's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakob's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_8_usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_8_usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Windows 8 usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_8_usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_and_awards" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsive_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsive_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Responsive design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsive_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only 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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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consultant): Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нилсен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Якоб Нилсен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(inform%C3%A0tic)" title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(Schriftsteller)" title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%A5_%EB%8B%90%EC%8A%A8" title="제이콥 닐슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제이콥 닐슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(ondernemer)" title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="ヤコブ・ニールセン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤコブ・ニールセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Нильсен, Якоб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нильсен, Якоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nilsen" title="Jakob Nilsen – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jakob Nilsen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нільсен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Якоб Нільсен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE_(%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E6%80%A7%E9%A1%BE%E9%97%AE)" title="雅各布·尼尔森 (网页易用性顾问) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅各布·尼尔森 (网页易用性顾问)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82556#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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quotation mark</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_web_edit">Mobile web edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-advanced_mobile_edit">Advanced mobile edit</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(35 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|American computer scientist and usability professional (born 1957)}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{redirect|Alertbox|the error dialog|Alert dialog box}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{redirect|Alertbox|the error dialog|Alert dialog box}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Infobox person</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Infobox person</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| name = Jakob Nielsen</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| image = Jakob Nielsen 1.jpg</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| image = Jakob Nielsen 1.jpg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| image_size = 200px</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| caption = Nielsen in 2002</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| caption = Nielsen in 2002</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|5|df=y}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|5|df=y}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| birth_place = [[Copenhagen]], <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>Denmark<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| birth_place = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| alma_mater = [[Technical University of Denmark]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| alma_mater = [[Technical University of Denmark]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> ([[PhD]])</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| occupation = [[Web usability]] consultant</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| occupation = [[Web usability]] consultant</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| spouse = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| spouse = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Jakob Nielsen''' (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish [[web usability]] consultant<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> and</del> [[human–computer interaction]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> (HCI)</del> researcher.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bilton|first=Nick|date=2010-11-02|title=Study Shows People Ignore Generic Photos Online|url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/study-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Bits Blog, [[The New York Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sydell|first=Laura|date=July 8, 2010|title=Reading A Book On An iPad Or Kindle? It Might Take Longer|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2010/07/07/128368253/reading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-01|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> He was named the ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“the guru</del> of Web page usability”'' in 1998 by [[The New York Times]] and the ''“king of usability”'' by [[Internet Magazine]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-09-28|title=Interview with Web Usability Guru, Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/09/interview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Webdesigner Depot|language=en}}</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''Jakob Nielsen''' (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish [[web usability]] consultant<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins> [[human–computer interaction]] researcher<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and co-founder of [[Nielsen Norman Group]]</ins>.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bilton|first=Nick|date=2010-11-02|title=Study Shows People Ignore Generic Photos Online|url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/study-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online/|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Bits Blog, [[The New York Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sydell|first=Laura|date=July 8, 2010|title=Reading A Book On An iPad Or Kindle? It Might Take Longer|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2010/07/07/128368253/reading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer|access-date=2021-03-01|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> He was named the ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“guru</ins> of Web page usability”'' in 1998 by [[The New York Times]] and the ''“king of usability”'' by [[Internet Magazine]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-09-28|title=Interview with Web Usability Guru, Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/09/interview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Webdesigner Depot|language=en}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Background==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Background==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Jakob Nielsen was born 5 October 1957 in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.computerhope.com/people/jakob_nielsen.htm|access-date=2021-03-01|website=www.computerhope.com|language=en}}</ref> He holds a Ph.D. in 1988 in human–computer interaction from the [[Technical University of Denmark]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Wieners|first=Brad|date=June 1, 2004|title=Time for a Redesign: Dr. Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/expert-voices/time-for-a-redesign-dr-jakob-nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-01|website=cioinsight.com|publisher=TechnologyAdvice|language=en}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Jakob Nielsen was born 5 October 1957 in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.computerhope.com/people/jakob_nielsen.htm|access-date=2021-03-01|website=www.computerhope.com|language=en}}</ref> He holds a Ph.D. in 1988 in human–computer interaction from the [[Technical University of Denmark]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Wieners|first=Brad|date=June 1, 2004|title=Time for a Redesign: Dr. Jakob Nielsen|url=https://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/expert-voices/time-for-a-redesign-dr-jakob-nielsen|access-date=2021-03-01|website=cioinsight.com|publisher=TechnologyAdvice|language=en}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen's earlier affiliations include Bellcore (now known as [[Telcordia Technologies]], formally Bell Communications Research), teaching at the [[Technical University of Denmark]], and the [[IBM]] User Interface Institute at the [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=John|date=2006|title=Jakob Nielsen - An Interview|url=http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209023744/http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php|archive-date=2006-02-09|website=The V7 Network}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=MacDonald|first=Nico|date=2009-06-28|title=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob’s</del> Ladder, usability guru Jakob Nielsen is renowned for his dislike of graphics and design gimmicks, but as the Internet continues to evolve will his current critique methods become more a hindrance than a help?|url=http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628004300/http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/|archive-date=2009-06-28|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Spy|publisher=New Media Creative|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">page</del>=38–43}}</ref>{{When|date=March 2021}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen's earlier affiliations include Bellcore (now known as [[Telcordia Technologies]], formally Bell Communications Research), teaching at the [[Technical University of Denmark]], and the [[IBM]] User Interface Institute at the [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=John|date=2006|title=Jakob Nielsen - An Interview|url=http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209023744/http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php|archive-date=2006-02-09|website=The V7 Network}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=MacDonald|first=Nico|date=2009-06-28|title=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob's</ins> Ladder, usability guru Jakob Nielsen is renowned for his dislike of graphics and design gimmicks, but as the Internet continues to evolve will his current critique methods become more a hindrance than a help?|url=http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628004300/http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/|archive-date=2009-06-28|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Spy|publisher=New Media Creative|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pages</ins>=38–43}}</ref>{{When|date=March 2021}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Career==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Career==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Sun Microsystems===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Sun Microsystems===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>From 1994 to 1998, he was a [[Sun Microsystems]] Distinguished Engineer.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Richtel|first=Matt|date=July 13, 1998|title=Making Web Sites More 'Usable' Is Former Sun Engineer's Goal|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/07/cyber/articles/13usability.html<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Technology, Cybertimes, [[The New York Times]]}}</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> He was hired to make heavy-duty enterprise software easier to use, since large-scale applications had been the focus of most of his projects at the phone company and IBM. But luckily the job definition of a Distinguished Engineer is "you're supposed to be the world's leading expert in your field, so you figure out what would be most important for the company for you to work on."{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} Therefore, Dr. Nielsen ended up spending most of his time at Sun defining the emerging field of web usability. He was the usability lead for several design rounds of Sun's website and intranet (SunWeb), including the original SunWeb design in 1994.<ref name="LinkedIn page">{{cite web|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|url=http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=256718|title=Profile of Jakob Nielsen |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2021}}</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>From 1994 to 1998, he was a [[Sun Microsystems]] Distinguished Engineer.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Richtel|first=Matt|date=July 13, 1998|title=Making Web Sites More 'Usable' Is Former Sun Engineer's Goal|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/07/cyber/articles/13usability.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Technology, Cybertimes, [[The New York Times]]}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Nielsen Norman Group ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Nielsen Norman Group ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Main|Nielsen Norman Group}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Main|Nielsen Norman Group}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>After his regular articles on his website about usability research attracted media attention, he co-founded usability consulting company [[Nielsen Norman Group]] (NN/g) of [[Fremont, California|Fremont]], [[California]] in 1998 with fellow usability expert [[Donald Norman]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2017-08-28|title=Where Did the Term "User Experience" Come From?|url=https://theblog.adobe.com/where-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=|website=Adobe Blog|language=en-US|quote=In 1998, he formed the Nielsen Norman Group alongside Jakob Nielsen, another pioneer of usability methods that remain widely used today, including the 10 Usability Heuristics.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dunne|first=Danielle|date=2001-12-01|title=How Should Websites Look? Jakob Nielsen and Vincent Flanders Speak Up|url=https://www.cio.com/article/2441088/how-should-websites-look--jakob-nielsen-and-vincent-flanders-speak-up.html|access-date=2021-03-01|website=CIO|language=en}}</ref> The company's vision is to help designers and other companies move toward more human-centered products and internet interactions, as experts and pioneers in the field of [[usability]].<ref name=":02" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>After his regular articles on his website about usability research attracted media attention, he co-founded usability consulting company [[Nielsen Norman Group]] (NN/g) of [[Fremont, California|Fremont]], [[California]] in 1998 with fellow usability expert [[Donald Norman]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2017-08-28|title=Where Did the Term "User Experience" Come From?|url=https://theblog.adobe.com/where-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from/|access-date=|website=Adobe Blog|language=en-US|quote=In 1998, he formed the Nielsen Norman Group alongside Jakob Nielsen, another pioneer of usability methods that remain widely used today, including the 10 Usability Heuristics.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605054940/https://theblog.adobe.com/where-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from/|url-status=dead</ins>}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dunne|first=Danielle|date=2001-12-01|title=How Should Websites Look? Jakob Nielsen and Vincent Flanders Speak Up|url=https://www.cio.com/article/2441088/how-should-websites-look--jakob-nielsen-and-vincent-flanders-speak-up.html|access-date=2021-03-01|website=CIO|language=en}}</ref> The company's vision is to help designers and other companies move toward more human-centered products and internet interactions, as experts and pioneers in the field of [[usability]].<ref name=":02" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Other activities===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Other activities===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen is on the editorial board of [[Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]]' book series in Interactive Technologies.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen is on the editorial board of [[Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]]' book series in Interactive Technologies.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen writes a [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fortnight|fortnightly</del>]] newsletter, ''Alertbox'', on web design matters and has published several books on the subject of [[web design]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen writes a [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fortnight</ins>]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ly</ins> newsletter, ''Alertbox'', on web design matters and has published several books on the subject of [[web design]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Contributions==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Contributions==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen founded the usability engineering movement for efficient and affordable improvements of user interfaces and he has invented several usability methods, including heuristic evaluation. He holds more than a thousand United States patents,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jakob Nielsen Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/jakob-nielsen?page=1<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justia Patents Search}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=inventor:(Jakob Nielsen)|url=https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Jakob+Nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Google Patents}}</ref> mainly on ways of improving usability for technology.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen founded the usability engineering movement for efficient and affordable improvements of user interfaces and he has invented several usability methods, including heuristic evaluation. He holds more than a thousand United States patents,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jakob Nielsen Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/jakob-nielsen?page=1|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justia Patents Search}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=inventor:(Jakob Nielsen)|url=https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Jakob+Nielsen|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Google Patents}}</ref> mainly on ways of improving usability for technology.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In the early 1990s, Nielsen popularized the principle that five test users per [[Usability testing|usability test]] session is enough, allowing numerous tests at various stages of the development process.<ref name="useit" /> His argument is that "elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources." Once it is found that a few people are totally confused by a home page, little is gained by watching more people suffer through the same flawed design.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</del><ref name="useit">{{cite web|date=2000-03-13|title=Usability Testing with 5 Users (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox)|url=https://www.nngroup.com/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|publisher=useit.com}};<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In the early 1990s, Nielsen popularized the principle that five test users per [[Usability testing|usability test]] session is enough, allowing numerous tests at various stages of the development process.<ref name="useit" /> His argument is that "elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources." Once it is found that a few people are totally confused by a home page, little is gained by watching more people suffer through the same flawed design.<ref name="useit">{{cite web|date=2000-03-13|title=Usability Testing with 5 Users (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox)|url=https://www.nngroup.com/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/|publisher=useit.com}};</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{cite conference|author1=Jakob Nielsen|author2=Thomas K. Landauer|date=April 1993|title=A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=169166&CFID=159890676&CFTOKEN=16006386|book-title=Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference (Amsterdam, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The</del> Netherlands, 24–29 April 1993)}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{cite conference|author1=Jakob Nielsen|author2=Thomas K. Landauer|date=April 1993|title=A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=169166&CFID=159890676&CFTOKEN=16006386|book-title=Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference (Amsterdam, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the</ins> Netherlands, 24–29 April 1993)}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Jakob's law ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Jakob's law ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{anchor|Jakob's Law}} Users will anticipate what an experience will be like, based on their [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mental</del> model<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|mental models</del>]] of prior experiences on websites.<ref>{{Cite web|title=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob’s</del> Law means we like to be able to anticipate what an experience will be like, based on our past experiences.|url=http://lpmarketingcreative.com/topics/marketing/jakobs-law-of-web-design|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Leggett and Platt Marketing + Creative|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Yablonski|first=Jon|title=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob’s</del> Law|url=https://lawsofux.com/jakobs-law/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Laws of UX|language=en-gb}}</ref> When making changes to a design of a website, try to minimize changes in order to maintain an ease of use.<ref name=":5" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{anchor|Jakob's Law}} Users will anticipate what an experience will be like, based on their [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mental</ins> model]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">s</ins> of prior experiences on websites.<ref>{{Cite web|title=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob's</ins> Law means we like to be able to anticipate what an experience will be like, based on our past experiences.|url=http://lpmarketingcreative.com/topics/marketing/jakobs-law-of-web-design|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Leggett and Platt Marketing + Creative|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Yablonski|first=Jon|title=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob's</ins> Law|url=https://lawsofux.com/jakobs-law/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Laws of UX|language=en-gb}}</ref> When making changes to a design of a website, try to minimize changes in order to maintain an ease of use.<ref name=":5" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Nielsen's law of internet bandwidth ===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{anchor|Nielsen's law}} Nielsen gave his name to '''Nielsen's law''', in which he stated that network connection speeds for high-end home users would increase 50% per year, or double every 21 months. As a corollary, he noted that, since this growth rate is slower than that predicted by [[Moore's Law]] of processor power, user experience would remain bandwidth-bound.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.useit.com/alertbox/980405.html |title= Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth |access-date=2014-07-02 |last= Nielsen |first= Jakob |date=1998-04-05}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Nielsen's usability heuristics ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Nielsen's usability heuristics ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{See also|Heuristic evaluation}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{See also|Heuristic evaluation}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{anchor|Nielsen's usability heuristics}} Nielsen's heuristics <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are</del> probably the most-used usability <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">heuristics</del> for user interface design<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nielsen developed</del> the heuristics <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">based</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">work</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">together</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with</del> [[Rolf Molich]] in 1990<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del><ref <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">name</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"multiple2"></del>Nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> J.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and</del> Molich<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> R. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(1990).</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Heuristic</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">evaluation of</del> user <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interfaces,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Proc.</del> ACM <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHI'90</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conf.</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Seattle,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">WA,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1–5</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">April),</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">249–256</del></ref><ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Molich,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">R</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and</del> Nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">J.</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(1990).</del> Improving a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">human–computer</del> dialogue<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> Communications of the ACM <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">33,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(March),</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">338–348</del></ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">final</del> set of heuristics <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are</del> still <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">used</del> today was published in Nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'s</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">book</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''Usability</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Engineering''</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(1993).</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{anchor|Nielsen's usability heuristics}} Nielsen's<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> list of ten</ins> heuristics <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is</ins> probably the most-used usability <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">framework</ins> for user interface design<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">An</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">early</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">version</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of</ins> the heuristics <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appeared</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">papers</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by Nielsen and</ins> [[Rolf Molich]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> published</ins> in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1989-</ins>1990<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">>{{Cite journal| doi</ins> =<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> 10.1145/67880.67885| issn = 0736-6906| volume = 21| issue = 1| pages = 45–48| last1 = </ins>Nielsen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| first1 =</ins> J.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last2 =</ins> Molich<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| first2 =</ins> R.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Teaching</ins> user <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interface</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">design based on usability engineering| journal =</ins> ACM <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SIGCHI</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bulletin|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accessdate</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2022-05-25|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1989| s2cid = 41663689| url = https://doi.org/10.1145/67880.67885}}</ins></ref><ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cite</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">journal| doi = 10</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1145/77481.77486|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">issn = 0001-0782| volume = 33| issue = 3| pages = 338–348| last1 = Molich| first1 = Rolf| last2 =</ins> Nielsen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first2</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= Jakob| title =</ins> Improving a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">human-computer</ins> dialogue<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| journal =</ins> Communications of the ACM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accessdate</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2022-02-04|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date = 1990| s2cid = 11462820| url = https://doi.org/10.1145/77481.77486}}</ins></ref> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nielsen</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">published</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an updated</ins> set<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> in 1994,<ref>{{Cite conference| publisher = ACM Press| doi = 10.1145/191666.191729| isbn = 978-0-89791-650-9| conference = the SIGCHI conference| pages = 152–158| last = Nielsen| first = Jakob| title = Enhancing the explanatory power</ins> of<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> usability</ins> heuristics<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">journal</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Celebrating Interdependence - CHI '94| location = Boston, Massachusetts, United States| accessdate = 2022-05-25| date = 1994| url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=191666.191729}}</ref> and the final set</ins> still <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in use</ins> today was published in<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> 2005:<ref>{{Citation| last =</ins> Nielsen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jakob| title = Ten usability heuristics| date = 2005| s2cid = 59788005}}</ref></ins> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Columns-list|</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div># Visibility of system status</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div># Visibility of system status</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div># Match between system and the real world</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div># Match between system and the real world</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 62:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 59:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div># Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div># Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div># Help and documentation</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div># Help and documentation</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_37_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_2_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Additionally</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in Nielsen's</del> book ''Usability Engineering'' (1993) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he</del> defined the five quality components of his "Usability Goals"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, which are</del>:<ref>{{cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|title=Usability Engineering|publisher=[[Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]]|year=1994|isbn=0-12-518406-9}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Columns-list|</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_41_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_4_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</del> Learnability</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_43_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_5_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</del> Efficiency</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_45_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_6_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</del> Memorability</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_45_1_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_7_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</del> Errors (as in low error rate)</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_45_2_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_35_8_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</del> Satisfaction</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_2_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_37_0_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his</ins> book ''Usability Engineering'' (1993)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, Nielsen</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also</ins> defined the five quality components of his "Usability Goals":<ref>{{cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|title=Usability Engineering|publisher=[[Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]]|year=1994|isbn=0-12-518406-9}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Mobile usability ===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>On January 25, 2010, Nielsen decided to venture into designing a mobile application. He took to the internet as he was stumped how to test the application because he was faced with a strange scenario, the users will initially be novice and then become experts quickly as they will be using the app so frequently. Nielsen was stumped as he compared expert behavior to automated behavior.<ref>Jakob Nielsen [https://www.nngroup.com/articles/testing-expert-users/ "Testing Expert Users"] Nielsen Norman Group, January 25, 2010{{Primary source inline|date=March 2021}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_4_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_41_0_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins> Learnability</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>=== iPad (1st generation; 2010) usability ===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_5_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_43_0_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins> Efficiency</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In 2010 and 2011, Nielsen wrote about [[iPad]] usability issues (specifically with the [[IPad (1st generation)|first generation of iPads]]) and identified problems with touch points that were too small, issues of [[discoverability]], and “swipe ambiguity.”<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-05-23|title=The State of iPad Usability|url=https://readwrite.com/2011/05/23/the_state_of_ipad_usability/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=ReadWrite|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2010-06-02|title=Jakob Nielsen critiques the iPad's usability failings|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/jun/02/apple-ipad-usability-failings|access-date=2021-03-02|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> He expected to see more micropayment implementation (similar to the design of Microsoft's Xbox Live).<ref name=":2" /> In 2011, after one year of iPad's release of third party apps, Nielsen saw dramatic improvements and an increase of ease of use.<ref>{{Cite news|title=One Year In, iPad Apps Get Less Wacky and More User-Friendly|language=en-us|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/05/ipad-apps-year-one/|access-date=2021-03-02|issn=1059-1028}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_6_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_45_0_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins> Memorability</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_7_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_45_1_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins> Errors (as in low error rate)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_35_8_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_45_2_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins> Satisfaction</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Windows 8 usability ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Windows 8 usability ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen has been quoted in the computing and the mainstream press for his criticism of [[Microsoft|Microsoft's]] [[Windows 8]] (2012) user interface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2493321/operating-systems/windows-8-ui--strategic-mistake---argues-design-guru.html|title=Windows 8 UI 'strategic mistake,' argues design guru|author=Gregg Keizer|date=20 November 2012|work=Computerworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://www.zdnet.com/heres-how-jakob-nielsens-windows-8-findings-should-inform-developers<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-7000007739</del>/|title=Here's how Jakob Nielsen's Windows 8 findings should inform developers|author=Matt Baxter-Reynolds|work=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">web</del>|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/technology/windows-staple-of-most-pcs-gets-a-major-makeover.html|title=Windows, Staple of Most PCs, Gets a Major Makeover|first=Nick|last=Wingfield|date=21 October 2012<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|via=NYTimes.com</del>}}</ref> Tom Hobbs, creative director of the design firm [[Teague (company)|Teague]], criticized what he perceived to be some of Nielsen's points on the matter, and Nielsen responded with some clarifications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/why-jakob-nielsens-windows-8-critique-is-old-school-thinking|title=Why Jakob Nielsen's Windows 8 critique is old-school thinking|date=21 November 2012|publisher=CBS Interactive|work=CNET}}</ref> The subsequent short and troubled history of Windows 8, released on October <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">26,</del>2012, seems to have confirmed Nielsen's criticism: the sales of Windows-based systems plummeted after the introduction of Windows 8;<ref>Sebastian Anthony, April 11, 2013. Windows 8 causes most precipitous PC decline in history. https://www.extremetech.com/computing/153111-windows-8-causes-most-precipitous-pc-decline-in-history</ref> Microsoft released a new version, Windows 8.1, on<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Oct</del> 18<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>2013, to fix the numerous problems identified in Windows 8, and later released Windows 10, a complete overhaul, in July 2015.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen has been quoted in the computing and the mainstream press for his criticism of [[Microsoft|Microsoft's]] [[Windows 8]] (2012) user interface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2493321/operating-systems/windows-8-ui--strategic-mistake---argues-design-guru.html|title=Windows 8 UI 'strategic mistake,' argues design guru|author=Gregg Keizer|date=20 November 2012|work=Computerworld}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://www.zdnet.com<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/article</ins>/heres-how-jakob-nielsens-windows-8-findings-should-inform-developers/|title=Here's how Jakob Nielsen's Windows 8 findings should inform developers|author=Matt Baxter-Reynolds|work=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">news</ins>|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/technology/windows-staple-of-most-pcs-gets-a-major-makeover.html|title=Windows, Staple of Most PCs, Gets a Major Makeover|first=Nick|last=Wingfield<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|newspaper=The New York Times</ins>|date=21 October 2012}}</ref> Tom Hobbs, creative director of the design firm [[Teague (company)|Teague]], criticized what he perceived to be some of Nielsen's points on the matter, and Nielsen responded with some clarifications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/why-jakob-nielsens-windows-8-critique-is-old-school-thinking|title=Why Jakob Nielsen's Windows 8 critique is old-school thinking|date=21 November 2012|publisher=CBS Interactive|work=CNET}}</ref> The subsequent short and troubled history of Windows 8, released on<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> 26</ins> October 2012, seems to have confirmed Nielsen's criticism: the sales of Windows-based systems plummeted after the introduction of Windows 8;<ref>Sebastian Anthony, April 11, 2013. Windows 8 causes most precipitous PC decline in history. https://www.extremetech.com/computing/153111-windows-8-causes-most-precipitous-pc-decline-in-history</ref> Microsoft released a new version, Windows 8.1, on 18<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> October </ins>2013, to fix the numerous problems identified in Windows 8, and later released Windows 10, a complete overhaul, in July 2015.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Recognition and awards ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Recognition and awards ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In 2010, Nielsen was listed by [[Bloomberg Businessweek]] among 28 "World's Most Influential Designers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/10/02/0201_worlds_most_influential_designers/21.htm|title=World's Most Influential Designers|work=Businessweek.com}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In 2010, Nielsen was listed by [[Bloomberg Businessweek]] among 28 "World's Most Influential Designers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/10/02/0201_worlds_most_influential_designers/21.htm|title=World's Most Influential Designers|work=Businessweek.com<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|access-date=2014-08-29|archive-date=2015-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123071820/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/10/02/0201_worlds_most_influential_designers/21.htm|url-status=dead</ins>}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In recognition of Nielsen's contributions to usability studies, in 2013 [[SIGCHI]] awarded him the Lifetime Practice Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sigchi.org/about/awards/2013-sigchi-awards-1#jakob-nielsen|title=2013 SIGCHI Awards|work=sigchi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023230317/http://www.sigchi.org/about/awards/2013-sigchi-awards-1#jakob-nielsen|archive-date=2014-10-23}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In recognition of Nielsen's contributions to usability studies, in 2013 [[SIGCHI]] awarded him the Lifetime Practice Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sigchi.org/about/awards/2013-sigchi-awards-1#jakob-nielsen|title=2013 SIGCHI Awards|work=sigchi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023230317/http://www.sigchi.org/about/awards/2013-sigchi-awards-1#jakob-nielsen|archive-date=2014-10-23}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Criticisms ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Criticisms ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, and with his use of "[[Acronym|acronomic]] [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Platitude|platitudes</del>]]" to describe his concepts, it has been thought by some that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Greenspun|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Greenspun|date=September 2000|title=What can we learn from Jakob Nielsen?|url=http://philip.greenspun.com/ancient-history/nielsen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-02|website=}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, and with his use of "[[Acronym|acronomic]] [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">platitude</ins>]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">s</ins>" to describe his concepts, it has been thought by some that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Greenspun|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Greenspun|date=September 2000|title=What can we learn from Jakob Nielsen?|url=http://philip.greenspun.com/ancient-history/nielsen|access-date=2021-03-02|website=}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Nielsen's usability heuristics ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Nielsen's usability heuristics ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), [[user interface]] was less complicated than it is in present-day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ballav|first=Alipta|date=2017|title=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nielsen’s</del> Heuristic Evaluation: Limitations in Principles and Practice User Experience Magazine, 17(4)|url=https://uxpamagazine.org/nielsens-heuristic-evaluation/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-01|website=UX Magazine, User Experience Professionals Association (USPA)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Travis|first=David|date=2007-04-16|title=Usability Expert Reviews: Beyond Heuristic Evaluation|url=https://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/expertreviews.html<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|url-status=live</del>|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Userfocus|publisher=The Usability Training Centre}}</ref> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<ref name=":1" /> The [[University of Calgary]] published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Maurer|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Frank|last2=Ghanam|first2=Yaser|date=2008-06-18|others=[[University of Calgary]]|title=Discount Usability Testing|url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/46645|doi=10.11575/PRISM/30918}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), [[user interface]] was less complicated than it is in present-day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ballav|first=Alipta|date=2017|title=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nielsen's</ins> Heuristic Evaluation: Limitations in Principles and Practice User Experience Magazine, 17(4)|url=https://uxpamagazine.org/nielsens-heuristic-evaluation/|access-date=2021-03-01|website=UX Magazine, User Experience Professionals Association (USPA)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Travis|first=David|date=2007-04-16|title=Usability Expert Reviews: Beyond Heuristic Evaluation|url=https://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/expertreviews.html|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Userfocus|publisher=The Usability Training Centre}}</ref> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<ref name=":1" /> The [[University of Calgary]] published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Maurer|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Frank|last2=Ghanam|first2=Yaser|date=2008-06-18|others=[[University of Calgary]]|title=Discount Usability Testing|url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/46645|doi=10.11575/PRISM/30918}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen has been criticized by some [[Communication design|visual designers]] and [[graphic designer]]s for failing to balance the importance of other [[user experience]] considerations such as typography, readability, visual cues for hierarchy and importance, and eye appeal.<ref>Usability News {{cite web|title=The Backlash against Jakob Nielsen and What it Teaches Us|url=http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article603.asp|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021209034105/http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article603.asp|archive-date=December 9, 2002|access-date=2007-06-27}}, July 31, 2002</ref><ref>Curt Cloninger [http://www.alistapart.com/articles/marsvenus/ "Usability experts are from Mars, graphic designers are from Venus"] July 28, 2000</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen has been criticized by some [[Communication design|visual designers]] and [[graphic designer]]s for failing to balance the importance of other [[user experience]] considerations such as typography, readability, visual cues for hierarchy and importance, and eye appeal.<ref>Usability News {{cite web|title=The Backlash against Jakob Nielsen and What it Teaches Us|url=http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article603.asp|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021209034105/http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article603.asp|archive-date=December 9, 2002|access-date=2007-06-27}}, July 31, 2002</ref><ref>Curt Cloninger [http://www.alistapart.com/articles/marsvenus/ "Usability experts are from Mars, graphic designers are from Venus"] July 28, 2000</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Responsive design ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Responsive design ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen's 2012 guidelines, "''Repurposing vs Optimized Design"'' that web sites made for mobile devices be designed separately from their desktop-oriented counterparts has come under fire from [[Webmonkey]]'s Scott Gilbertson,<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Jakob Nielsen Is Wrong About Mobile Websites|url=http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/|work=Webmonkey}}</ref> as well as Josh Clark writing in [[.net (magazine)|.net magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Nielsen is wrong on mobile|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220220241/http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile|archive-date=20 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref> and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]]'s Bruce Lawson, writing in [[Smashing Magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Why We Shouldn't Make Separate Mobile Websites – Smashing Magazine|url=http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/19/why-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites/|work=Smashing Magazine}}</ref> and other technologists and web designers who advocate [[responsive web design]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Designers respond to Nielsen on mobile|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171851/http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892|archive-date=27 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Repurposing vs Optimized Design: It's Not a Battle - SitePoint|url=https://www.sitepoint.com/jakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.sitepoint.com|language=en}}</ref> In an interview with ''.net'' magazine, Nielsen explained that he wrote his guidelines from a usability perspective, not from the viewpoint of implementation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nielsen responds to mobile criticism - Interview - .net magazine|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171846/http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism|archive-date=27 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen's 2012 guidelines, "''Repurposing vs Optimized Design"'' that web sites made for mobile devices be designed separately from their desktop-oriented counterparts has come under fire from [[Webmonkey]]'s Scott Gilbertson,<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Jakob Nielsen Is Wrong About Mobile Websites|url=http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/|work=Webmonkey<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=19 September 2019|access-date=29 August 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033824/http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/|url-status=dead</ins>}}</ref> as well as Josh Clark writing in [[.net (magazine)|.net magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Nielsen is wrong on mobile|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220220241/http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile|archive-date=20 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref> and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]]'s Bruce Lawson, writing in [[Smashing Magazine]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Why We Shouldn't Make Separate Mobile Websites – Smashing Magazine|url=http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/19/why-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites/|work=Smashing Magazine<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=20 April 2012</ins>}}</ref> and other technologists and web designers who advocate [[responsive web design]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Designers respond to Nielsen on mobile|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171851/http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892|archive-date=27 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Repurposing vs Optimized Design: It's Not a Battle - SitePoint|url=https://www.sitepoint.com/jakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.sitepoint.com<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=23 May 2012</ins>|language=en}}</ref> In an interview with ''.net'' magazine, Nielsen explained that he wrote his guidelines from a usability perspective, not from the viewpoint of implementation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nielsen responds to mobile criticism - Interview - .net magazine|url=http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171846/http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism|archive-date=27 December 2012|work=netmagazine.com}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">However, Nielsen appeared to have ignored the emerging software technology related to [[responsive web design]], whereby a single body of code, while requiring more painstaking implementation, can be run on devices of various screen sizes, from mobile screens to desktop monitors.<ref name=":4" /> </del>Nielsen has been accused of taking a "[[Puritans|puritanical]]" approach to usability, and not being able to keep up his usability evaluations in step of technological changes.<ref name=":3" /><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen has been accused of taking a "[[Puritans|puritanical]]" approach to usability, and not being able to keep up his usability evaluations in step of technological changes.<ref name=":3" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Books ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Books ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Nielsen's published books include:</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Nielsen's published books include:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_61_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_59_0_lhs"></a>* {{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|url=https://books.google.com/books<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/about/Hypertext_and_Hypermedia.html</del>?id=7dBfQgAACAAJ|title=Hypertext and Hypermedia|publisher=Academic Press Professional, Inc.|year=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1990</del>|isbn=978-0-12-518410-6|location=San Diego, California}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PkIjEJkmsC|title=Usability Engineering|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=1993|isbn=9780125184069|location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PkIjEJkmsC|title=Usability Engineering|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=1993|isbn=9780125184069|location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_59_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_61_0_rhs"></a>* {{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dBfQgAACAAJ|title=Hypertext and Hypermedia|publisher=Academic Press Professional, Inc.|year=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1995</ins>|isbn=978-0-12-518410-6|location=San Diego, California}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|title=Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity|publisher=New Riders|year=1999|isbn=978-1562058104|series=Landmark Series}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|title=Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity|publisher=New Riders|year=1999|isbn=978-1562058104|series=Landmark Series}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite book|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|title=E-Commerce User Experience|last2=Snyder|first2=Carolyn|last3=Molich|first3=Rolf|last4=Farrell|first4=Susan|publisher=Nielsen Norman Group|year=2001|isbn=978-0970607201|doi=}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite book|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|title=E-Commerce User Experience|last2=Snyder|first2=Carolyn|last3=Molich|first3=Rolf|last4=Farrell|first4=Susan|publisher=Nielsen Norman Group|year=2001|isbn=978-0970607201|doi=}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite book|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|title=Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed|last2=Tahir|first2=Marie|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2001|isbn=978-0735711020}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite book|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|title=Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed|last2=Tahir|first2=Marie|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2001|isbn=978-0735711020}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite book|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|title=Prioritizing Web Usability|last2=Loranger|first2=Hoa|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0321350312}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite book|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|title=Prioritizing Web Usability|last2=Loranger|first2=Hoa|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0321350312}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite book|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|title=Eyetracking Web Usability|last2=Pernice|first2=Kara|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0321498366}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite book|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|title=Eyetracking Web Usability|last2=Pernice|first2=Kara|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0321498366}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite book|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|title=Mobile Usability|last2=Budiu|first2=Raluca|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-0321884480}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite book|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|title=Mobile Usability|last2=Budiu|first2=Raluca|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-0321884480}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Articles ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>=== Articles ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>This is a select list of Nielsen's published research, which includes:</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>This is a select list of Nielsen's published research, which includes:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">journal</del>|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last</del>=Nielsen|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first</del>=Jakob|last2=Landauer|first2=Thomas K.|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">May</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1993</del>|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</del>=A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169166<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|journal=Proceedings of the INTERACT'93 and CHI'93 conference on Human factors in computing systems</del>|pages=206–213|doi=10.1145/169059.169166}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">book</ins>|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1</ins>=Nielsen|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first1</ins>=Jakob|last2=Landauer|first2=Thomas K.|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '93</ins> |<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chapter</ins>=A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |date=May 1993</ins>|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chapter-</ins>url=https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169166|pages=206–213|doi=10.1145/169059.169166<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|isbn=0897915755|s2cid=207177537</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">journal</del>|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">April</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1994</del>|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</del>=Usability inspection methods|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260531<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|journal=CHI '94: Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems</del>|pages=413–414|doi=10.1145/259963.260531}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">book</ins>|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '94</ins> |<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chapter</ins>=Usability inspection methods<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |date=April 1994</ins>|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chapter-</ins>url=https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260531|pages=413–414|doi=10.1145/259963.260531<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|isbn=0897916514|s2cid=52808881</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">journal</del>|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">April</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1994</del>|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</del>=Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|journal=Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</del>|pages=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">152-158</del>|doi=10.1145/191666.191729}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">book</ins>|last=Nielsen|first=Jakob|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI '94</ins> |<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chapter</ins>=Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date=April 1994|chapter-</ins>url=https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729|pages=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">152–158</ins>|doi=10.1145/191666.191729<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|isbn=0897916506|s2cid=1562556</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==See also==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==See also==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 130:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 119:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Google Scholar id|id=1U0GVnwAAAAJ}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*{{Google Scholar id|id=1U0GVnwAAAAJ}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sELOUAmFHjA Mobile Usability Futures, Jakob Nielsen, Talks at Google] (2013), by [[Google|Google Inc]], on [[YouTube]] </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sELOUAmFHjA Mobile Usability Futures, Jakob Nielsen, Talks at Google] (2013), by [[Google|Google Inc]], on [[YouTube]] </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html techhive.com]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html techhive.com]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115036/http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html |date=2015-10-26 }}</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [http://www.businessinsider.com/jakob-nielsen-kindle-fire-2011-12 businessinsider.com]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [http://www.businessinsider.com/jakob-nielsen-kindle-fire-2011-12 businessinsider.com]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084645/http://blip.tv/want-magazine/jakob-nielsen-the-want-interview-3614027 Want Magazine interview] (video, 2010)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084645/http://blip.tv/want-magazine/jakob-nielsen-the-want-interview-3614027 Want Magazine interview] (video, 2010)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 142:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 131:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Technical University of Denmark alumni]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Technical University of Denmark alumni]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Danish computer scientists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Danish computer scientists]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Technical University of Denmark<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> faculty</del>]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Academic staff of the </ins>Technical University of Denmark]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Danish emigrants to the United States]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Danish emigrants to the United States]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:American computer scientists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:American computer scientists]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 02:45, 12 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American computer scientist and usability professional (born 1957)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Alertbox" redirects here. For the error dialog, see <a href="/wiki/Alert_dialog_box" title="Alert dialog box">Alert dialog box</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jakob Nielsen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/220px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/330px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/440px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nielsen in 2002</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-10-05</span>) </span>5 October 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 67)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">Web usability</a> consultant</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jakob Nielsen</b> (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish <a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">web usability</a> consultant, <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a> researcher, and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named the <i>“guru of Web page usability”</i> in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> and the <i>“king of usability”</i> by <a href="/wiki/Internet_Magazine" title="Internet Magazine">Internet Magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jakob Nielsen was born 5 October 1957 in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He holds a Ph.D. in 1988 in human–computer interaction from the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen's earlier affiliations include Bellcore (now known as <a href="/wiki/Telcordia_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Telcordia Technologies">Telcordia Technologies</a>, formally Bell Communications Research), teaching at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> User Interface Institute at the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sun Microsystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1994 to 1998, he was a <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> Distinguished Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen_Norman_Group">Nielsen Norman Group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nielsen Norman Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a></div> <p>After his regular articles on his website about usability research attracted media attention, he co-founded usability consulting company <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a> (NN/g) of <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1998 with fellow usability expert <a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's vision is to help designers and other companies move toward more human-centered products and internet interactions, as experts and pioneers in the field of <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen is on the editorial board of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a>' book series in Interactive Technologies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nielsen writes a <a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">fortnightly</a> newsletter, <i>Alertbox</i>, on web design matters and has published several books on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen founded the usability engineering movement for efficient and affordable improvements of user interfaces and he has invented several usability methods, including heuristic evaluation. He holds more than a thousand United States patents,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly on ways of improving usability for technology. </p><p>In the early 1990s, Nielsen popularized the principle that five test users per <a href="/wiki/Usability_testing" title="Usability testing">usability test</a> session is enough, allowing numerous tests at various stages of the development process.<sup id="cite_ref-useit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-useit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His argument is that "elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources." Once it is found that a few people are totally confused by a home page, little is gained by watching more people suffer through the same flawed design.<sup id="cite_ref-useit_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-useit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jakob's_law"><span id="Jakob.27s_law"></span>Jakob's law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jakob's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Jakob's_Law"></span> Users will anticipate what an experience will be like, based on their <a href="/wiki/Mental_model" title="Mental model">mental models</a> of prior experiences on websites.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When making changes to a design of a website, try to minimize changes in order to maintain an ease of use.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nielsen's usability heuristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_evaluation" title="Heuristic evaluation">Heuristic evaluation</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"></span> Nielsen's list of ten heuristics is probably the most-used usability framework for user interface design. An early version of the heuristics appeared in two papers by Nielsen and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Molich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Molich (page does not exist)">Rolf Molich</a> published in 1989-1990.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nielsen published an updated set in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the final set still in use today was published in 2005:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Visibility of system status</li> <li>Match between system and the real world</li> <li>User control and freedom</li> <li>Consistency and standards</li> <li>Error prevention</li> <li>Recognition rather than recall</li> <li>Flexibility and efficiency of use</li> <li>Aesthetic and minimalist design</li> <li>Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors</li> <li>Help and documentation</li></ol> <p>In his book <i>Usability Engineering</i> (1993), Nielsen also defined the five quality components of his "Usability Goals":<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Learnability</li> <li>Efficiency</li> <li>Memorability</li> <li>Errors (as in low error rate)</li> <li>Satisfaction</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_8_usability">Windows 8 usability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Windows 8 usability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen has been quoted in the computing and the mainstream press for his criticism of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft's</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> (2012) user interface.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Hobbs, creative director of the design firm <a href="/wiki/Teague_(company)" title="Teague (company)">Teague</a>, criticized what he perceived to be some of Nielsen's points on the matter, and Nielsen responded with some clarifications.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent short and troubled history of Windows 8, released on 26 October 2012, seems to have confirmed Nielsen's criticism: the sales of Windows-based systems plummeted after the introduction of Windows 8;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft released a new version, Windows 8.1, on 18 October 2013, to fix the numerous problems identified in Windows 8, and later released Windows 10, a complete overhaul, in July 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_and_awards">Recognition and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recognition and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, Nielsen was listed by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a> among 28 "World's Most Influential Designers".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recognition of Nielsen's contributions to usability studies, in 2013 <a href="/wiki/SIGCHI" title="SIGCHI">SIGCHI</a> awarded him the Lifetime Practice Award.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, and with his use of "<a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Platitude" title="Platitude">platitudes</a>" to describe his concepts, it has been thought by some that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics_2"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nielsen's usability heuristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> was less complicated than it is in present-day.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen has been criticized by some <a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">visual designers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designers</a> for failing to balance the importance of other <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> considerations such as typography, readability, visual cues for hierarchy and importance, and eye appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsive_design">Responsive design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Responsive design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen's 2012 guidelines, "<i>Repurposing vs Optimized Design"</i> that web sites made for mobile devices be designed separately from their desktop-oriented counterparts has come under fire from <a href="/wiki/Webmonkey" title="Webmonkey">Webmonkey</a>'s Scott Gilbertson,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Josh Clark writing in <a href="/wiki/.net_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title=".net (magazine)">.net magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>'s Bruce Lawson, writing in <a href="/wiki/Smashing_Magazine" title="Smashing Magazine">Smashing Magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other technologists and web designers who advocate <a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">responsive web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i>.net</i> magazine, Nielsen explained that he wrote his guidelines from a usability perspective, not from the viewpoint of implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen has been accused of taking a "<a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">puritanical</a>" approach to usability, and not being able to keep up his usability evaluations in step of technological changes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen's published books include: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1993" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PkIjEJkmsC"><i>Usability Engineering</i></a>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780125184069" title="Special:BookSources/9780125184069"><bdi>9780125184069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usability+Engineering&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780125184069&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4PkIjEJkmsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1995" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7dBfQgAACAAJ"><i>Hypertext and Hypermedia</i></a>. San Diego, California: Academic Press Professional, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6"><bdi>978-0-12-518410-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypertext+and+Hypermedia&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+California&rft.pub=Academic+Press+Professional%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-12-518410-6&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7dBfQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1999" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1999). <i>Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity</i>. Landmark Series. New Riders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1562058104" title="Special:BookSources/978-1562058104"><bdi>978-1562058104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Web+Usability%3A+The+Practice+of+Simplicity&rft.series=Landmark+Series&rft.pub=New+Riders&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1562058104&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenSnyderMolichFarrell2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Snyder, Carolyn; Molich, Rolf; Farrell, Susan (2001). <i>E-Commerce User Experience</i>. Nielsen Norman Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0970607201" title="Special:BookSources/978-0970607201"><bdi>978-0970607201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E-Commerce+User+Experience&rft.pub=Nielsen+Norman+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0970607201&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Carolyn&rft.au=Molich%2C+Rolf&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenTahir2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Tahir, Marie (2001). <i>Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0735711020" title="Special:BookSources/978-0735711020"><bdi>978-0735711020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homepage+Usability%3A+50+Websites+Deconstructed&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0735711020&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Tahir%2C+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLoranger2006" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Loranger, Hoa (2006). <i>Prioritizing Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321350312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321350312"><bdi>978-0321350312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prioritizing+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0321350312&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Loranger%2C+Hoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenPernice2009" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Pernice, Kara (2009). <i>Eyetracking Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321498366" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321498366"><bdi>978-0321498366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eyetracking+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0321498366&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Pernice%2C+Kara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenBudiu2012" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Budiu, Raluca (2012). <i>Mobile Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321884480" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321884480"><bdi>978-0321884480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0321884480&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Budiu%2C+Raluca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a select list of Nielsen's published research, which includes: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLandauer1993" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Landauer, Thomas K. (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169166">"A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '93</i>. pp. 206–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F169059.169166">10.1145/169059.169166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897915755" title="Special:BookSources/0897915755"><bdi>0897915755</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207177537">207177537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+the+finding+of+usability+problems&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+-+CHI+%2793&rft.pages=206-213&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207177537%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rft.isbn=0897915755&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Landauer%2C+Thomas+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260531">"Usability inspection methods"</a>. <i>Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '94</i>. pp. 413–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F259963.260531">10.1145/259963.260531</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897916514" title="Special:BookSources/0897916514"><bdi>0897916514</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52808881">52808881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Usability+inspection+methods&rft.btitle=Conference+companion+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+-+CHI+%2794&rft.pages=413-414&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52808881%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rft.isbn=0897916514&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729">"Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI '94</i>. pp. 152–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F191666.191729">10.1145/191666.191729</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897916506" title="Special:BookSources/0897916506"><bdi>0897916506</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1562556">1562556</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Enhancing+the+explanatory+power+of+usability+heuristics&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+celebrating+interdependence+-+CHI+%2794&rft.pages=152-158&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1562556%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rft.isbn=0897916506&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">Usability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilton2010" class="citation web cs1">Bilton, Nick (2010-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/study-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online/">"Study Shows People Ignore Generic Photos Online"</a>. <i>Bits Blog, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bits+Blog%2C+The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Study+Shows+People+Ignore+Generic+Photos+Online&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.aulast=Bilton&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F02%2Fstudy-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydell2010" class="citation web cs1">Sydell, Laura (July 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2010/07/07/128368253/reading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer">"Reading A Book On An iPad Or Kindle? It Might Take Longer"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Reading+A+Book+On+An+iPad+Or+Kindle%3F+It+Might+Take+Longer&rft.date=2010-07-08&rft.aulast=Sydell&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Falltechconsidered%2F2010%2F07%2F07%2F128368253%2Freading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichtel1998" class="citation web cs1">Richtel, Matt (July 13, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/07/cyber/articles/13usability.html">"Making Web Sites More 'Usable' Is Former Sun Engineer's Goal"</a>. <i>Technology, Cybertimes, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webdesigner+Depot&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Web+Usability+Guru%2C+Jakob+Nielsen&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webdesignerdepot.com%2F2009%2F09%2Finterview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieners2004" class="citation web cs1">Wieners, Brad (June 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/expert-voices/time-for-a-redesign-dr-jakob-nielsen">"Time for a Redesign: Dr. Jakob Nielsen"</a>. <i>cioinsight.com</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webmonkey&rft.atitle=Why+Jakob+Nielsen+Is+Wrong+About+Mobile+Websites&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmonkey.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fwhy-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220220241/http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">"Nielsen is wrong on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">the original</a> on 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+is+wrong+on+mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Fopinions%2Fnielsen-wrong-mobile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/19/why-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites/">"Why We Shouldn't Make Separate Mobile Websites – Smashing Magazine"</a>. <i>Smashing Magazine</i>. 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+We+Shouldn%27t+Make+Separate+Mobile+Websites+%E2%80%93+Smashing+Magazine&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fwhy-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171851/http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892">"Designers respond to Nielsen on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892">the original</a> on 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Designers+respond+to+Nielsen+on+mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fdesigners-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sitepoint.com/jakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback/">"Repurposing vs Optimized Design: It's Not a Battle - SitePoint"</a>. <i>www.sitepoint.com</i>. 23 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sitepoint.com&rft.atitle=Repurposing+vs+Optimized+Design%3A+It%27s+Not+a+Battle+-+SitePoint&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sitepoint.com%2Fjakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171846/http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism">"Nielsen responds to mobile criticism - Interview - .net magazine"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism">the original</a> on 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+responds+to+mobile+criticism+-+Interview+-+.net+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Finterviews%2Fnielsen-responds-mobile-criticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nngroup.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1U0GVnwAAAAJ">Jakob Nielsen</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li>Video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sELOUAmFHjA">Mobile Usability Futures, Jakob Nielsen, Talks at Google</a> (2013), by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google Inc</a>, on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html">techhive.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115036/http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html">Archived</a> 2015-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jakob-nielsen-kindle-fire-2011-12">businessinsider.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084645/http://blip.tv/want-magazine/jakob-nielsen-the-want-interview-3614027">Want Magazine interview</a> (video, 2010)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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