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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakob's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Jakob's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakob's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_8_usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_8_usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Windows 8 usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_8_usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recognition and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsive_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsive_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Responsive design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsive_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нилсен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Якоб Нилсен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(inform%C3%A0tic)" title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(Schriftsteller)" title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%A5_%EB%8B%90%EC%8A%A8" title="제이콥 닐슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제이콥 닐슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(ondernemer)" title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="ヤコブ・ニールセン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤコブ・ニールセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Нильсен, Якоб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нильсен, Якоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nilsen" title="Jakob Nilsen – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jakob Nilsen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нільсен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Якоб Нільсен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE_(%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E6%80%A7%E9%A1%BE%E9%97%AE)" title="雅各布·尼尔森 (网页易用性顾问) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅各布·尼尔森 (网页易用性顾问)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82556#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Alertbox" redirects here. For the error dialog, see <a href="/wiki/Alert_dialog_box" title="Alert dialog box">Alert dialog box</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jakob Nielsen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/220px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/330px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/440px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nielsen in 2002</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-10-05</span>) </span>5 October 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 67)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">Web usability</a> consultant</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jakob Nielsen</b> (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish <a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">web usability</a> consultant, <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a> researcher, and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named the <i>“guru of Web page usability”</i> in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> and the <i>“king of usability”</i> by <a href="/wiki/Internet_Magazine" title="Internet Magazine">Internet Magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jakob Nielsen was born 5 October 1957 in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He holds a Ph.D. in 1988 in human–computer interaction from the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen's earlier affiliations include Bellcore (now known as <a href="/wiki/Telcordia_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Telcordia Technologies">Telcordia Technologies</a>, formally Bell Communications Research), teaching at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> User Interface Institute at the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sun Microsystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1994 to 1998, he was a <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> Distinguished Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen_Norman_Group">Nielsen Norman Group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nielsen Norman Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a></div> <p>After his regular articles on his website about usability research attracted media attention, he co-founded usability consulting company <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a> (NN/g) of <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1998 with fellow usability expert <a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's vision is to help designers and other companies move toward more human-centered products and internet interactions, as experts and pioneers in the field of <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen is on the editorial board of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a>' book series in Interactive Technologies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nielsen writes a <a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">fortnightly</a> newsletter, <i>Alertbox</i>, on web design matters and has published several books on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen founded the usability engineering movement for efficient and affordable improvements of user interfaces and he has invented several usability methods, including heuristic evaluation. He holds more than a thousand United States patents,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly on ways of improving usability for technology. </p><p>In the early 1990s, Nielsen popularized the principle that five test users per <a href="/wiki/Usability_testing" title="Usability testing">usability test</a> session is enough, allowing numerous tests at various stages of the development process.<sup id="cite_ref-useit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-useit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His argument is that "elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources." Once it is found that a few people are totally confused by a home page, little is gained by watching more people suffer through the same flawed design.<sup id="cite_ref-useit_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-useit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jakob's_law"><span id="Jakob.27s_law"></span>Jakob's law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jakob's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Jakob's_Law"></span> Users will anticipate what an experience will be like, based on their <a href="/wiki/Mental_model" title="Mental model">mental models</a> of prior experiences on websites.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When making changes to a design of a website, try to minimize changes in order to maintain an ease of use.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nielsen's usability heuristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_evaluation" title="Heuristic evaluation">Heuristic evaluation</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"></span> Nielsen's list of ten heuristics is probably the most-used usability framework for user interface design. An early version of the heuristics appeared in two papers by Nielsen and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Molich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Molich (page does not exist)">Rolf Molich</a> published in 1989-1990.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nielsen published an updated set in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the final set still in use today was published in 2005:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Visibility of system status</li> <li>Match between system and the real world</li> <li>User control and freedom</li> <li>Consistency and standards</li> <li>Error prevention</li> <li>Recognition rather than recall</li> <li>Flexibility and efficiency of use</li> <li>Aesthetic and minimalist design</li> <li>Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors</li> <li>Help and documentation</li></ol> <p>In his book <i>Usability Engineering</i> (1993), Nielsen also defined the five quality components of his "Usability Goals":<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Learnability</li> <li>Efficiency</li> <li>Memorability</li> <li>Errors (as in low error rate)</li> <li>Satisfaction</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_8_usability">Windows 8 usability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Windows 8 usability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen has been quoted in the computing and the mainstream press for his criticism of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft's</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> (2012) user interface.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Hobbs, creative director of the design firm <a href="/wiki/Teague_(company)" title="Teague (company)">Teague</a>, criticized what he perceived to be some of Nielsen's points on the matter, and Nielsen responded with some clarifications.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent short and troubled history of Windows 8, released on 26 October 2012, seems to have confirmed Nielsen's criticism: the sales of Windows-based systems plummeted after the introduction of Windows 8;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft released a new version, Windows 8.1, on 18 October 2013, to fix the numerous problems identified in Windows 8, and later released Windows 10, a complete overhaul, in July 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_and_awards">Recognition and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recognition and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, Nielsen was listed by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a> among 28 "World's Most Influential Designers".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recognition of Nielsen's contributions to usability studies, in 2013 <a href="/wiki/SIGCHI" title="SIGCHI">SIGCHI</a> awarded him the Lifetime Practice Award.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, and with his use of "<a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Platitude" title="Platitude">platitudes</a>" to describe his concepts, it has been thought by some that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics_2"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nielsen's usability heuristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> was less complicated than it is in present-day.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen has been criticized by some <a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">visual designers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designers</a> for failing to balance the importance of other <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> considerations such as typography, readability, visual cues for hierarchy and importance, and eye appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsive_design">Responsive design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Responsive design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen's 2012 guidelines, "<i>Repurposing vs Optimized Design"</i> that web sites made for mobile devices be designed separately from their desktop-oriented counterparts has come under fire from <a href="/wiki/Webmonkey" title="Webmonkey">Webmonkey</a>'s Scott Gilbertson,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Josh Clark writing in <a href="/wiki/.net_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title=".net (magazine)">.net magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>'s Bruce Lawson, writing in <a href="/wiki/Smashing_Magazine" title="Smashing Magazine">Smashing Magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other technologists and web designers who advocate <a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">responsive web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i>.net</i> magazine, Nielsen explained that he wrote his guidelines from a usability perspective, not from the viewpoint of implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen has been accused of taking a "<a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">puritanical</a>" approach to usability, and not being able to keep up his usability evaluations in step of technological changes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nielsen's published books include: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1993" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PkIjEJkmsC"><i>Usability Engineering</i></a>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780125184069" title="Special:BookSources/9780125184069"><bdi>9780125184069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usability+Engineering&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780125184069&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4PkIjEJkmsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1995" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7dBfQgAACAAJ"><i>Hypertext and Hypermedia</i></a>. San Diego, California: Academic Press Professional, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6"><bdi>978-0-12-518410-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypertext+and+Hypermedia&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+California&rft.pub=Academic+Press+Professional%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-12-518410-6&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7dBfQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1999" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1999). <i>Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity</i>. Landmark Series. New Riders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1562058104" title="Special:BookSources/978-1562058104"><bdi>978-1562058104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Web+Usability%3A+The+Practice+of+Simplicity&rft.series=Landmark+Series&rft.pub=New+Riders&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1562058104&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenSnyderMolichFarrell2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Snyder, Carolyn; Molich, Rolf; Farrell, Susan (2001). <i>E-Commerce User Experience</i>. Nielsen Norman Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0970607201" title="Special:BookSources/978-0970607201"><bdi>978-0970607201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E-Commerce+User+Experience&rft.pub=Nielsen+Norman+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0970607201&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Carolyn&rft.au=Molich%2C+Rolf&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenTahir2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Tahir, Marie (2001). <i>Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0735711020" title="Special:BookSources/978-0735711020"><bdi>978-0735711020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homepage+Usability%3A+50+Websites+Deconstructed&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0735711020&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Tahir%2C+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLoranger2006" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Loranger, Hoa (2006). <i>Prioritizing Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321350312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321350312"><bdi>978-0321350312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prioritizing+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0321350312&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Loranger%2C+Hoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenPernice2009" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Pernice, Kara (2009). <i>Eyetracking Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321498366" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321498366"><bdi>978-0321498366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eyetracking+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0321498366&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Pernice%2C+Kara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenBudiu2012" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Budiu, Raluca (2012). <i>Mobile Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321884480" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321884480"><bdi>978-0321884480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0321884480&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Budiu%2C+Raluca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a select list of Nielsen's published research, which includes: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLandauer1993" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Landauer, Thomas K. (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169166">"A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '93</i>. pp. 206–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F169059.169166">10.1145/169059.169166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897915755" title="Special:BookSources/0897915755"><bdi>0897915755</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207177537">207177537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+the+finding+of+usability+problems&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+-+CHI+%2793&rft.pages=206-213&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207177537%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rft.isbn=0897915755&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Landauer%2C+Thomas+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260531">"Usability inspection methods"</a>. <i>Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '94</i>. pp. 413–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F259963.260531">10.1145/259963.260531</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897916514" title="Special:BookSources/0897916514"><bdi>0897916514</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52808881">52808881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Usability+inspection+methods&rft.btitle=Conference+companion+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+-+CHI+%2794&rft.pages=413-414&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52808881%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rft.isbn=0897916514&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729">"Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI '94</i>. pp. 152–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F191666.191729">10.1145/191666.191729</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897916506" title="Special:BookSources/0897916506"><bdi>0897916506</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1562556">1562556</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Enhancing+the+explanatory+power+of+usability+heuristics&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems+celebrating+interdependence+-+CHI+%2794&rft.pages=152-158&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1562556%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rft.isbn=0897916506&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">Usability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilton2010" class="citation web cs1">Bilton, Nick (2010-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/study-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online/">"Study Shows People Ignore Generic Photos Online"</a>. <i>Bits Blog, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bits+Blog%2C+The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Study+Shows+People+Ignore+Generic+Photos+Online&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.aulast=Bilton&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F02%2Fstudy-shows-people-ignore-generic-photos-online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydell2010" class="citation web cs1">Sydell, Laura (July 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2010/07/07/128368253/reading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer">"Reading A Book On An iPad Or Kindle? It Might Take Longer"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Reading+A+Book+On+An+iPad+Or+Kindle%3F+It+Might+Take+Longer&rft.date=2010-07-08&rft.aulast=Sydell&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Falltechconsidered%2F2010%2F07%2F07%2F128368253%2Freading-a-book-on-an-ipad-or-kindle-it-might-take-longer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichtel1998" class="citation web cs1">Richtel, Matt (July 13, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/07/cyber/articles/13usability.html">"Making Web Sites More 'Usable' Is Former Sun Engineer's Goal"</a>. <i>Technology, Cybertimes, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technology%2C+Cybertimes%2C+The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Making+Web+Sites+More+%27Usable%27+Is+Former+Sun+Engineer%27s+Goal&rft.date=1998-07-13&rft.aulast=Richtel&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Ftech%2F98%2F07%2Fcyber%2Farticles%2F13usability.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/09/interview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen/">"Interview with Web Usability Guru, Jakob Nielsen"</a>. <i>Webdesigner Depot</i>. 2009-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webdesigner+Depot&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Web+Usability+Guru%2C+Jakob+Nielsen&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webdesignerdepot.com%2F2009%2F09%2Finterview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieners2004" class="citation web cs1">Wieners, Brad (June 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/expert-voices/time-for-a-redesign-dr-jakob-nielsen">"Time for a Redesign: Dr. Jakob Nielsen"</a>. <i>cioinsight.com</i>. TechnologyAdvice<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cioinsight.com&rft.atitle=Time+for+a+Redesign%3A+Dr.+Jakob+Nielsen&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.aulast=Wieners&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cioinsight.com%2Fc%2Fa%2Fexpert-voices%2Ftime-for-a-redesign-dr-jakob-nielsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhope.com/people/jakob_nielsen.htm">"Jakob Nielsen"</a>. <i>www.computerhope.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.computerhope.com&rft.atitle=Jakob+Nielsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhope.com%2Fpeople%2Fjakob_nielsen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2006" class="citation web cs1">Scott, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209023744/http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php">"Jakob Nielsen - An Interview"</a>. <i>The V7 Network</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php">the original</a> on 2006-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+V7+Network&rft.atitle=Jakob+Nielsen+-+An+Interview&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.v7n.com%2Fjakob-nielsen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2009" class="citation web cs1">MacDonald, Nico (2009-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628004300/http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/">"Jakob's Ladder, usability guru Jakob Nielsen is renowned for his dislike of graphics and design gimmicks, but as the Internet continues to evolve will his current critique methods become more a hindrance than a help?"</a>. <i>Spy</i>. New Media Creative. pp. 38–43. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spy.co.uk/Articles/NMC/NielsenProfile/">the original</a> on 2009-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spy&rft.atitle=Jakob%27s+Ladder%2C+usability+guru+Jakob+Nielsen+is+renowned+for+his+dislike+of+graphics+and+design+gimmicks%2C+but+as+the+Internet+continues+to+evolve+will+his+current+critique+methods+become+more+a+hindrance+than+a+help%3F&rft.pages=38-43&rft.date=2009-06-28&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Nico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spy.co.uk%2FArticles%2FNMC%2FNielsenProfile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605054940/https://theblog.adobe.com/where-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from/">"Where Did the Term "User Experience" Come From?"</a>. <i>Adobe Blog</i>. 2017-08-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theblog.adobe.com/where-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from/">the original</a> on 2019-06-05. <q>In 1998, he formed the Nielsen Norman Group alongside Jakob Nielsen, another pioneer of usability methods that remain widely used today, including the 10 Usability Heuristics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+Blog&rft.atitle=Where+Did+the+Term+%22User+Experience%22+Come+From%3F&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheblog.adobe.com%2Fwhere-did-the-term-user-experience-come-from%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunne2001" class="citation web cs1">Dunne, Danielle (2001-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cio.com/article/2441088/how-should-websites-look--jakob-nielsen-and-vincent-flanders-speak-up.html">"How Should Websites Look? Jakob Nielsen and Vincent Flanders Speak Up"</a>. <i>CIO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIO&rft.atitle=How+Should+Websites+Look%3F+Jakob+Nielsen+and+Vincent+Flanders+Speak+Up&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.aulast=Dunne&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.com%2Farticle%2F2441088%2Fhow-should-websites-look--jakob-nielsen-and-vincent-flanders-speak-up.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.justia.com/inventor/jakob-nielsen?page=1">"Jakob Nielsen Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications"</a>. <i>Justia Patents Search</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia+Patents+Search&rft.atitle=Jakob+Nielsen+Inventions%2C+Patents+and+Patent+Applications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.justia.com%2Finventor%2Fjakob-nielsen%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Jakob+Nielsen">"inventor:(Jakob Nielsen)"</a>. <i>Google Patents</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Patents&rft.atitle=inventor%3A%28Jakob+Nielsen%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2F%3Finventor%3DJakob%2BNielsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-useit-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-useit_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-useit_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nngroup.com/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/">"Usability Testing with 5 Users (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox)"</a>. useit.com. 2000-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Usability+Testing+with+5+Users+%28Jakob+Nielsen%27s+Alertbox%29&rft.pub=useit.com&rft.date=2000-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nngroup.com%2Farticles%2Fwhy-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakob_NielsenThomas_K._Landauer1993" class="citation conference cs1">Jakob Nielsen; Thomas K. Landauer (April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=169166&CFID=159890676&CFTOKEN=16006386">"A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems"</a>. <i>Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 24–29 April 1993)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+the+finding+of+usability+problems&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+ACM+INTERCHI%2793+Conference+%28Amsterdam%2C+the+Netherlands%2C+24%E2%80%9329+April+1993%29&rft.date=1993-04&rft.au=Jakob+Nielsen&rft.au=Thomas+K.+Landauer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D169166%26CFID%3D159890676%26CFTOKEN%3D16006386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lpmarketingcreative.com/topics/marketing/jakobs-law-of-web-design">"Jakob's Law means we like to be able to anticipate what an experience will be like, based on our past experiences"</a>. <i>Leggett and Platt Marketing + Creative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+UX&rft.atitle=Jakob%27s+Law&rft.aulast=Yablonski&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawsofux.com%2Fjakobs-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenMolich1989" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, J.; Molich, R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/67880.67885">"Teaching user interface design based on usability engineering"</a>. <i>ACM SIGCHI Bulletin</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 45–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F67880.67885">10.1145/67880.67885</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0736-6906">0736-6906</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41663689">41663689</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+SIGCHI+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Teaching+user+interface+design+based+on+usability+engineering&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-48&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41663689%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0736-6906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F67880.67885&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Molich%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F67880.67885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolichNielsen1990" class="citation journal cs1">Molich, Rolf; Nielsen, Jakob (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/77481.77486">"Improving a human-computer dialogue"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 338–348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F77481.77486">10.1145/77481.77486</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-0782">0001-0782</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11462820">11462820</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Improving+a+human-computer+dialogue&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=338-348&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11462820%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0001-0782&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F77481.77486&rft.aulast=Molich&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F77481.77486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation conference cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=191666.191729"><i>Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics</i></a>. the SIGCHI conference. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Celebrating Interdependence - CHI '94</i>. Boston, Massachusetts, United States: ACM Press. pp. 152–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F191666.191729">10.1145/191666.191729</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89791-650-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89791-650-9"><bdi>978-0-89791-650-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+Conference+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems+Celebrating+Interdependence+-+CHI+%2794&rft.atitle=Enhancing+the+explanatory+power+of+usability+heuristics&rft.pages=152-158&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rft.isbn=978-0-89791-650-9&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fdoid%3D191666.191729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2005" class="citation cs2">Nielsen, Jakob (2005), <i>Ten usability heuristics</i>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59788005">59788005</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ten+usability+heuristics&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59788005%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1994). <i>Usability Engineering</i>. <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webmonkey&rft.atitle=Why+Jakob+Nielsen+Is+Wrong+About+Mobile+Websites&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmonkey.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fwhy-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220220241/http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">"Nielsen is wrong on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">the original</a> on 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+is+wrong+on+mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Fopinions%2Fnielsen-wrong-mobile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/19/why-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites/">"Why We Shouldn't Make Separate Mobile Websites – Smashing Magazine"</a>. <i>Smashing Magazine</i>. 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+We+Shouldn%27t+Make+Separate+Mobile+Websites+%E2%80%93+Smashing+Magazine&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fwhy-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171851/http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892">"Designers respond to Nielsen on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism">the original</a> on 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+responds+to+mobile+criticism+-+Interview+-+.net+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Finterviews%2Fnielsen-responds-mobile-criticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nngroup.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1U0GVnwAAAAJ">Jakob Nielsen</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li>Video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sELOUAmFHjA">Mobile Usability Futures, Jakob Nielsen, Talks at Google</a> (2013), by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google Inc</a>, on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html">techhive.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115036/http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html">Archived</a> 2015-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jakob-nielsen-kindle-fire-2011-12">businessinsider.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084645/http://blip.tv/want-magazine/jakob-nielsen-the-want-interview-3614027">Want Magazine interview</a> (video, 2010)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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