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Tekelet - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tekelet rootpage-Tekelet skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Tekelet" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Tekelet" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Tekelet" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Tekelet" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_Alkitab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_Alkitab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catatan Alkitab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_Alkitab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_Talmud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_Talmud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catatan Talmud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_Talmud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asal_mula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal_mula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Asal mula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal_mula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesir_kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesir_kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mesir kuno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesir_kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perintah_penggunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perintah_penggunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Perintah penggunaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perintah_penggunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1200_SM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1200_SM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1200 SM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1200_SM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Romawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Romawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Zaman Romawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Romawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Talmud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Talmud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Zaman Talmud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Talmud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Arab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Arab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Zaman Arab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Arab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bukti_negatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bukti_negatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Bukti negatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bukti_negatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_Pertengahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_Pertengahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Abad Pertengahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_Pertengahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1857" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1857"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>1857</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1857-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1864" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1864"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>1864</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1864-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analisis_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analisis_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Analisis kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analisis_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penemuan_instalasi_pembuatan_utuh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan_instalasi_pembuatan_utuh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Penemuan instalasi pembuatan utuh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penemuan_instalasi_pembuatan_utuh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_Tekelet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_Tekelet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sumber Tekelet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sumber_Tekelet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sumber Tekelet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sumber_Tekelet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sepia_officinalis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sepia_officinalis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Sepia officinalis</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sepia_officinalis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janthina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janthina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Janthina</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janthina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murex_trunculus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murex_trunculus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span><i>Murex trunculus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murex_trunculus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identifikasi_sebagai_khillazon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identifikasi_sebagai_khillazon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Identifikasi sebagai <i>khillazon</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identifikasi_sebagai_khillazon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aplikasi lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tekelet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 12 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AA" title="تخلت – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخلت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тхелет – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тхелет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tekhelet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tekhelet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C4%A5elet" title="Teĥelet – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teĥelet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tekhelet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="מצוות תכלת – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצוות תכלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97)" title="ऐज़्योर (रंग) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐज़्योर (रंग)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tekhelet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тхелет – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тхелет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тхелет – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тхелет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="תכלת – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="תכלת" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2590210#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tekelet" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Tekelet" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tekelet"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tekelet"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Tekelet" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Tekelet" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;oldid=23086874" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&amp;page=Tekelet&amp;id=23086874&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTekelet"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrKodu&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTekelet"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Tekelet"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Tekelet&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tekhelet" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2590210" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/170px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/255px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/340px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Tzitzit (jumbai) dengan <i>t'chelet</i> (benang biru)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tekelet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">תכלת</span>&#8206;, "turquoise"<sup id="cite_ref-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau "biru";<sup id="cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tchelet.chbd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> juga dieja <i>techelet</i> atau <i>techeiles</i>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>tekhelet</i></span>) adalah sejenis zat pewarna biru (ungu tua) yang dihasilkan oleh suatu kerang yang disebut "<i>Khilazon</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tchelet.chbd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Disebutkan sebanyak 48 kali dalam <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-outekhelet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outekhelet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-outekhelet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outekhelet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExaminerTchelet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExaminerTchelet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Secara khusus digunakan untuk pakaian <a href="/wiki/Efod" title="Efod">efod</a> <a href="/wiki/Imam_Besar_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Besar Yahudi">Imam Besar</a>, kain tenda di <a href="/wiki/Kemah_Suci" title="Kemah Suci">Kemah Suci</a> dan jumbai <i><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">ציצית</span>&#8206;, jamak: <i>tzitziot</i>) yang dipasang di punca-punca jubah dari selendang sembahyang <i><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a></i> dari dahulu sampai sekarang.<sup id="cite_ref-outekhelet_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outekhelet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah kehancuran <a href="/wiki/Bait_Suci_Kedua" class="mw-redirect" title="Bait Suci Kedua">Bait Allah</a> di <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a> oleh tentara Romawi pada abad pertama Masehi, penggunaan pewarna <i>tekelet</i> hanya untuk <i><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a></i>. Sebuah <i>tzitzit</i> dibuat dari empat utas uliran benang, yang harus sengaja dibuat demikian. Benang-benang tersebut kemudian dipintal dan dibiarkan menggantung, dan tampak menjadi delapan helai. Keempat helai benang tersebut dilewatkan sebuah lubang 25 sampai 50&#160;mm jauhnya dari punca kain berujung empat. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a> terdapat tiga pendapat mengenai berapa helai benang yang berwarna biru: </p> <ul><li>2 helai, menurut rabbi <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosafot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosafot (halaman belum tersedia)">Tosafos</a>, Asher ben Jehiel (Rosh)</li> <li>1 helai, menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raavad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raavad (halaman belum tersedia)">Raavad</a></li> <li>1 setengah helai, menurut <a href="/wiki/Rambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam">Rambam</a></li></ul> <p>"Tekelet" disebutkan dalam alinea ketiga pembacaan doa harian <a href="/wiki/Shema" class="mw-redirect" title="Shema">Sh'ma Yisrael</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל</span>&#8206;; "Dengarlah, hai Israel") yaitu dari <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Bilangan" title="Kitab Bilangan">Kitab Bilangan</a> (<i>Bamidbar</i> - <i>Parshas Shelach</i>) <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_15" title="Bilangan 15">15</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alkitab.sabda.org/bible.php?lang=id&amp;version=tb&amp;book=Bilangan&amp;chapter=15#37">37-41</a></span>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22797055">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p><sup>37</sup> TUHAN berfirman kepada Musa: <sup>38</sup> Berbicaralah kepada orang Israel dan katakanlah kepada mereka, bahwa mereka harus membuat jumbai-jumbai pada punca baju mereka, turun-temurun, dan dalam jumbai-jumbai punca itu haruslah dibubuh benang ungu kebiru-biruan (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">tekelet</span>&#8206;).<sup>39</sup> Maka jumbai itu akan mengingatkan kamu, apabila kamu melihatnya, kepada segala perintah TUHAN, sehingga kamu melakukannya dan tidak lagi menuruti hatimu atau matamu sendiri, seperti biasa kamu perbuat dalam ketidaksetiaanmu terhadap TUHAN.<sup>40</sup> Maksudnya supaya kamu mengingat dan melakukan segala perintah-Ku dan menjadi kudus bagi Allahmu.<sup>41</sup> Akulah TUHAN, Allahmu, yang telah membawa kamu keluar dari tanah Mesir, supaya Aku menjadi Allah bagimu; Akulah TUHAN, Allahmu.</p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8201;<cite>Bamidbar - Parshas Shelach, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Bilangan%2015%3A37-41&amp;version=tb">Bilangan 15:37–41</a></span></cite></div></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teklelet, diartikan "turquoise"<sup id="cite_ref-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau "biru"<sup id="cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tchelet.chbd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang dalam bahasa Yunani di <a href="/wiki/Septuaginta" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a> diterjemahkan sebagai <i>hyakinthinos</i> (<i>ὑακίνθινος</i>), dalam arti "biru", yang merujuk kepada tumbuhan bunga <i>Hyacinth</i> Romawi (jenis yang berwarna biru ungu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_Alkitab">Catatan Alkitab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan Alkitab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan Alkitab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat 49 kutipan <i>tekelet</i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Teks_Masoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Masoret">Teks Masoret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-outekhelet_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outekhelet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExaminerTchelet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Satu kali merujuk kepada seluruh bangsa Israel (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Bilangan%2015%3A37-41&amp;version=tb">Bilangan 15:37–41</a></span>), 44 kali merujuk kepada imam atau <a href="/wiki/Kemah_Suci" title="Kemah Suci">Kemah Suci</a>. Sisanya ditemukan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Ester" title="Kitab Ester">Kitab Ester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Yeremia" title="Kitab Yeremia">Kitab Yeremia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Yehezkiel" title="Kitab Yehezkiel">Kitab Yehezkiel</a> untuk penggunaan sekuler (tidak berkaitan langsung dengan urusan agama). Dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Ester" title="Kitab Ester">Kitab Ester</a> ditulis bahwa <a href="/wiki/Mordekhai" title="Mordekhai">Mordekhai</a> mengenakan warna pakaian kebesaran bewarna "biru dan putih". Warna ini dapat digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan warna lain misalnya pada <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?2%20Tawarikh%203%3A14&amp;version=tb">2 Tawarikh 3:14</a></span> dimana tirai dari <a href="/wiki/Bait_Suci_Pertama" class="mw-redirect" title="Bait Suci Pertama">Bait Suci Pertama</a> yang dibangun pada zaman raja <a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a> dibuat dari warna ungu tua/biru (<i>tekelet</i>), ungu muda (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אַרְגָּמָן</span>&#8206;, <i>argaman</i>) dan merah lembayung (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>crimson</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">כַּרְמִיל</span>&#8206;, <i>karmiyl</i>). Sejumlah kerang telah diusulkan sebagai sumber pewarna <i>tekelet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bromiley_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bromiley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yehezkiel%2027%3A7&amp;version=tb">Yehezkiel 27:7</a></span> tampaknya mengindikasikan bahwa sumber ini dari daerah <a href="/wiki/Laut_Aegea" title="Laut Aegea">Laut Aegea</a> (Yunani).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_Talmud">Catatan Talmud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan Talmud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan Talmud"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg/170px-Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg/255px-Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg/340px-Indigo-Historische_Farbstoffsammlung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3329" data-file-height="1505" /></a><figcaption>Pewarna biru "palsu": <a href="/wiki/Indigo" class="mw-disambig" title="Indigo">Indigo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nila" title="Nila">nila</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> mengajarkan bahwa sumber pewarna <i>tekelet</i> adalah makhluk laut yang dikenal sebagai <i>khillazon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>&#58; <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חילזון</span>&#8206;, <i>ḥillazon</i>), dalam bahasa Ibrani modern diterjemahkan sebagai "siput" (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>snail</i></span>). Talmud juga menyebut adanya pewarna tiruan dari sumber tumbuhan yang disebut <i>Kela-Ilan</i>, dikenali sebagai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigofera_tinctoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigofera tinctoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Indigofera tinctoria</a></i>, sumber pewarna biru yang populer di dunia purba. Talmud menjelaskan bahwa sama sekali dilarang untuk menggunakan pewarna palsu ini secara sengaja (misalnya, jika seseorang ditipu oleh penjual, maka jumbai-jumbai <i>tzitzit</i> yang dipakai masih <a href="/wiki/Kosher" title="Kosher">kosher</a> (tidak haram), tetapi tidak memenuhi persyaratan agamai untuk jumbai-jumbai tekelet).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosefta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosefta (halaman belum tersedia)">Tosefta</a> menjelaskan bahwa <i>Kela Ilan</i> tidak hanya satu-satunya sumber pewarna yang dilarang. Kenyataannya, sumber pewarna lain selain <i>khillazon</i> tidak diterima untuk membuat pewarna biru. </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, Traktat Kodashim <i>Menachot</i> 44a, <i>khillazon</i> diberi pemerian sebagai berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Tubuhnya mirip dengan laut</li> <li>Bentuknya seperti ikan</li> <li>Muncul satu kali setiap 70 tahun</li> <li>Dari "darah"-nya orang mendapatkan warna <i>tekelet</i></li> <li>Karenanya: mahal nilainya.</li></ol> <p>Ciri-ciri lain (dengan referensi Talmud): </p> <ul><li>Penangkap-penangkap <i>khillazon</i> berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> sampai tangga kota <a href="/wiki/Tirus" title="Tirus">Tirus</a> (Shabbat 26a)</li> <li>Corak warna pewarna <i>khillazon</i> identik dengan pewarna yang dihasilkan dari tumbuhan <i>kela ilan</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigofera_tinctoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigofera tinctoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Indigofera tinctoria</a></i>, sumber pewarna <a href="/wiki/Indigo" class="mw-disambig" title="Indigo">indigo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nila" title="Nila">nila</a>), yang dipakai sebagai sumber tiruan palsu pewarna <i>tekelet</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baba_Metzia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baba Metzia (halaman belum tersedia)">Baba Metzia</a> 61b)</li> <li>Membuka cangkang (katup) kerang <i>khillazon</i> pada hari <a href="/wiki/Sabat" title="Sabat">Sabat</a> melanggar peraturan <a href="/wiki/Sabat" title="Sabat">Sabat</a> (Shabbat 75a)</li> <li>Cangkang kerang <i>khillazon</i> tumbuh bersama-sama dengannya (<a href="/wiki/Midrash" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs) Rabbah 4:11)</li> <li>Merupakan jenis binatang <a href="/wiki/Invertebrata" title="Invertebrata">invertebrata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem_Talmud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerusalem Talmud (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerusalem Talmud</a> Sabbath 1:38a)</li> <li>"<i>Potzeia</i>" adalah istilah untuk pekerja yang memecah cangkang khillazon (Shabbat 75a). Rav Herzog menjelaskan bahwa kata kerja "<i>potzea</i>" bermakna "membuka dengan memecahkan" - sebagaimana membuka kenari (Herzog, p.&#160;57).<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<i>Lo ifrad hazutei</i>" - Jika warnanya permanen, maka itu sah (Men. 43a) - pewarnaan tekelet dikenal karena keindahan yang tahan lama dan tidak berubah (Rambam, Hil Tzitzit 2:1).<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asal_mula">Asal mula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Asal mula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asal mula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penelitian arkeologis telah menghasilkan bukti bahwa asal mula industri zat pewarna ungu dan biru dapat ditelusuri berasal dari pulau <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a> sejak tahun 1750-an SM.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesir_kuno">Mesir kuno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Mesir kuno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mesir kuno"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di antara "<a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Amarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat-surat Amarna">Surat-surat Amarna</a>" (ditulis sekitar 1500-1300 SM) ditemukan frasa "<i>subatu sa takilti</i>" - pakaian dari <i>tekelet</i> - dalam daftar barang-barang berharga yang dikirim ke <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir</a> oleh Dusratta, Raja Mittani, sebagai maskawin kepada pangeran Mesir yang akan menikahi putrinya.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perintah_penggunaan">Perintah penggunaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Perintah penggunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perintah penggunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada saat bangsa Israel <a href="/wiki/Keluar_dari_Mesir" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluar dari Mesir">keluar dari Mesir</a> di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a>, setelah diperbudak selama 430 tahun di sana, mereka menerima hukum <a href="/wiki/Taurat" title="Taurat">Taurat</a> di <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Sinai" title="Gunung Sinai">gunung Sinai</a> (sekitar 1312 SM menurut perhitungan <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>; 1446 SM menurut sejarah umum) dan dalam perjalanan mereka selanjutnya ke tanah <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a>. Pada waktu itulah bangsa Israel menerima perintah dari Allah mengenai penggunaan pewarna tekelet untuk pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Kemah_Suci" title="Kemah Suci">Kemah Suci</a>, baju <a href="/wiki/Efod" title="Efod">efod</a> bagi <a href="/wiki/Imam_Besar_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Besar Yahudi">Imam Besar</a> dan jumbai <a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a> untuk semua orang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1200_SM">1200 SM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: 1200 SM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: 1200 SM"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/200px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/300px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg/400px-Tzitzit_tchelet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Satu set <i>tzitzit</i> dengan benang biru, seperti yang dihasilkan dari <i>Murex trunculus</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Dari penggalian arkeologi ditemukan suatu guci yang sekarang dinamai "Tel Shikmona Vat", dibuat sekitar tahun 1200 SM. Analisis kimia dari bekas zat pewarna di guci kuno ini dibuktikan mengandung bahan kimia yang molekulnya sama dengan zat pewarna dari siput laut <i>Murex</i>.</li> <li>Guci dari Tel Shikmona tersebut, bersama berbagai penemuan arkeologis lain di beberapa lokasi pada pantai di Israel Utara dan Libanon Selatan, menunjukkan adanya industri pembuatan zat pewarna menggunakan siput laut <i>Murex</i> yang cukup maju di pantai Kanaan pada periode 1200-900 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-herzog_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herzog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sumber <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> mencatat bahwa "para nelayan <i>khillazon</i> adalah dari <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> sampai ke "<i>Sulamot Shel Tzur'" (tangga-tangga kota <a href="/wiki/Tirus" title="Tirus">Tirus</a>, sekarang di <a href="/wiki/Libanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>; </i>the Ladders of Tyre<i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Romawi">Zaman Romawi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Romawi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Romawi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> (100-44 SM) dan Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (63 SM -14 M) membatasi penggunaan zat pewarna untuk kelas-kelas pejabat pemerintahan. Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> (37-68 M) mengeluarkan suatu dekret (surat perintah) yang memberikan kaisar hak eksklusif untuk memakai pakaian berwarna ungu atau biru.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di bawah kaisar <a href="/wiki/Konstantinus" class="mw-disambig" title="Konstantinus">Konstantinus</a> (337-362) pembatasan penggunaan <i>tekelet</i> diterapkan dengan keras. Suatu <a href="/wiki/Maklumat" class="mw-redirect" title="Maklumat">maklumat</a> (surat perintah) pada tahun 383 oleh Gratian, Valentinian, dan Theodosius membuat produksi pewarna ungu dan biru berkualitas tinggi menjadi monopoli pemerintah.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Talmud">Zaman Talmud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Talmud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Talmud"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, yang selesai disusun sekitar tahun 550, mencatat bahwa <i>tekelet</i> dibawa dari Israel ke Babilon pada masa hidup Rabbi Ahai (tahun 506). Ini merupakan indikasi positif terakhir mengenai penggunaan tekelet. Disimpulkan bahwa tekelet masih tersedia sampai akhir penyuntingan Talmud (tahun 550-an), karena tidak disebutkan mengenai penghentian penggunaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Arab">Zaman Arab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Arab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Arab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang Arab menduduki tanah Israel pada tahun 639, dan hal itu dipercayai mengakhiri industri pembuatan warna dari sumber siput laut di pantai Kanaan.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bukti_negatif">Bukti negatif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Bukti negatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bukti negatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midrash_Tanhuma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Midrash Tanhuma (halaman belum tersedia)">Midrash Tanhuma</a> (ditulis sekitar tahun 750) meratapi “dan sekarang kami tidak mempunyai <i>tekelet</i>, hanya (warna) putih.” Dalam karya halakhik "Sheiltot d’Rav Ahai" (tahun 760) tidak disebutkan sama sekali mengenai <i>tekelet</i>. Jadi setelah sekian lama terjadi pembuangan orang-orang Yahudi dari tanah Israel oleh pemerintah Romawi, identitas asli sumber pewarna ini telah hilang dan akibatnya orang-orang Yahudi hanya memakai jumbai berwarna putih saja.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Garis-garis pada kain <i><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a></i>, sering kali berwarna hitam, tetapi juga <a href="/wiki/Biru" title="Biru">biru</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Ungu" title="Ungu">ungu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>purple</i></span>), dipercayai melambangkan hilangnya <i>tekelet</i> yang dirujuk oleh sejumlah sumber sebagai "hitam seperti tengah malam", "biru seperti langit tengah hari", dan juga "<a href="/wiki/Ungu" title="Ungu">ungu</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Garis-garis tekelet ini memberikan inspirasi <a href="/wiki/Bendera_Israel" title="Bendera Israel">bendera Israel</a>. Kebanyakan orang Yahudi Rabbinik terus memakai hanya warna putih untuk <i>tzitziyot</i>, mengikuti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poskim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poskim (halaman belum tersedia)">poskim</a></i> (penentu hukum Yahudi) yang mereka anut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abad_Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Abad Pertengahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Abad Pertengahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guillaum Rondelet (mati tahun 1566) adalah orang pertama yang mengidentifikasi "Pliny’s purpura" ("warna ungu Plinius") dengan spesies kerang siput laut <i>Murex brandaris</i>. Fabius Columna (1616) menyatakan pendapat bahwa <i>Murex trunculus</i> telah dipakai dalam proses pewarnaan kuno. William Cole (1681) mencatat bahwa cairan tak berwarna dalam kelenjar "hypobranchial" dari <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a> laut <i>Purpura lapillus</i> yang ditemukan di lepas pantai Inggris akan berubah menjadi warna merah jika terkena cahaya, sehingga mengungkap kepekaan zat pewarna yang berasal dari moluska terhadap cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1857">1857</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: 1857" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: 1857"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahli zoologi Prancis, Henri de Lacaze -Duthiers, menemukan tiga jenis siput laut di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah">Laut Tengah</a> yang dapat menghasilkan zat pewarna, yaitu: </p> <ul><li><i>Murex brandaris</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i> dan</li> <li><i>Thais haemastoma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Selanjutnya mulai diupayakan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber kuno pewarna tersebut dengan membandingkan sumber-sumber <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> terhadap bukti-bukti fisik.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Empat spesies <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a> yang berasal dari daerah <a href="/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah">Laut Tengah</a> sebelah timur diusulkan sebagai <i>khillazon</i>, yaitu: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_ianthina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helix ianthina (halaman belum tersedia)">helix ianthina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murex_brandaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex brandaris">murex brandaris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">murex trunculus</a></i>, dan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purpura_lapillus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Purpura lapillus (halaman belum tersedia)">purpura lapillus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bromiley_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bromiley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Namun, belum ada yang diterima secara umum, meskipun satu <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murex&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Murex (halaman belum tersedia)">Murex</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i>, dikenal dengan nama modern <i><a href="/wiki/Hexaplex_trunculus" title="Hexaplex trunculus">Hexaplex trunculus</a></i> dianggap sebagai yang paling mungkin menjadi sumber pewarna biru <i>tekelet</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1864">1864</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: 1864" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: 1864"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penemuan industri pembuatan zat pewarna kuno – Di <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> ditemukan timbunan besar (ratusan meter panjangnya dan beberapa meter dalamnya) cangkang siput laut <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i>. Cangkang-cangkang ini telah dipecah di titik yang memungkinkan pengambilan kelenjar penghasil zat pewarna. Pada jarak tertentu, juga ditemukan timbunan besar terpisah dari jenis kerang lain <i>Murex brandaris</i> dan <i>Thais haemastoma</i>. Karena <i>Murex brandaris</i> dan <i>Thais haemastoma</i> hanya menghasilkan pewarna ungu-kemerahan, berbeda dengan warna ungu kebiruan dari <i>Murex trunculus</i>, pakar Egyptologis A. Dedekind (1898) melihat fakta ini sebagai bukti yang tidak bisa dibantah bahwa <i>Murex trunculus</i> adalah kerang yang khusus menghasilkan <i>tekelet</i> (ungu kebiruan; <i>blue</i>), dan jenis-jenis lain menghasilkan <i>argaman</i> (ungu muda; <i>purple</i>); hal mana juga disetujui oleh Rav Herzog.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tyrian-Purple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/150px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/225px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/300px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Struktur kimia <b>6,6′-dibromoindigo</b>, komponen utama pewarna <b>Tekelet</b> maupun <b>Argaman</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ungu_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungu Tyre">Ungu Tyre</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/150px-Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/225px-Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/300px-Tyrian-Purple-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Model molekul (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space-filling_model&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Space-filling model (halaman belum tersedia)">space-filling model</a></i>) 6,6′-dibromoindigo, berdasarkan struktur <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analisis_kimia">Analisis kimia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Analisis kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Analisis kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menurut profesor bidang <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a>, Zvi Koren, <i>tekelet</i> mendekati warna "<i>midnight blue</i>" ("biru tengah malam").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kesimpulan ini didasarkan atas analisis kimia sepotong kain berwarna berusia 2000 tahun yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a> pada tahun 1960-an.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bahan ini mempunyai corak warna <i>midnight blue</i> dengan sedikit ungu, dan ini konsisten dengan pewarna yang bersumber dari kerang Murex, maupun warna <a href="/wiki/Nila" title="Nila">nila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indigo" class="mw-disambig" title="Indigo">indigo</a>) dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigofera_tinctoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigofera tinctoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Indigofera tinctoria</a></i> yang dikatakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> sulit dibedakan dari <i>tekelet</i> asli. </p><p>Pada tahun 1909 ahli kimia Jerman, Paul Friedlander, mengidentifikasi struktur kimia bahan pewarna ungu dari siput laut <i>Murex</i> sebagai "6,6’-dibromoindigo".<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penemuan_instalasi_pembuatan_utuh">Penemuan instalasi pembuatan utuh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Penemuan instalasi pembuatan utuh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penemuan instalasi pembuatan utuh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penggalian di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Dor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tel Dor (halaman belum tersedia)">Tel Dor</a> pada tahun 1986 menemukan dalam bentuk utuh sebuah instalasi pembuatan pewarna ungu, berdasarkan pewarna yang diekstraksi dari jenis kerang (siput) laut <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murex&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Murex (halaman belum tersedia)">murex</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber_Tekelet">Sumber Tekelet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber Tekelet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber Tekelet"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejumlah binatang laut telah diusulkan sebagai sumber pewarna "Tekelet". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sepia_officinalis"><i>Sepia officinalis</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Sepia officinalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sepia officinalis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cuttlefish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cuttlefish.jpg/150px-Cuttlefish.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cuttlefish.jpg/225px-Cuttlefish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cuttlefish.jpg/300px-Cuttlefish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Ikan cumi-cumi umum (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuttlefish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuttlefish (halaman belum tersedia)">cuttlefish</a></i>).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Prussian_blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Prussian_blue.jpg/150px-Prussian_blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Prussian_blue.jpg/225px-Prussian_blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Prussian_blue.jpg/300px-Prussian_blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Contoh biru Prusia (<i>Prussian blue</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun 1887, Grand Rabbi Gershon Henoch Leiner, <i>Radziner Rebbe</i>, meneliti topik ini dan menyimpulkan bahwa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sepia_officinalis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sepia officinalis (halaman belum tersedia)">Sepia officinalis</a></i> (ikan cumi-cumi umum; <i>cuttlefish</i>) memenuhi banyak kriteria sebagai sumber Tekelet. Dalam setahun, <i>Radziner chassidim</i> mulai memakai <a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a> yang diwarnai dengan zat pewarna yang dihasilkan oleh jenis <a href="/wiki/Cephalopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopoda">cephalopoda</a> ini. Beberapa <i>Breslov Hasidim</i> juga menerima kebiasaan ini karena Rebbi Nachman dari Breslov menekankan pentingnya pemakaian <i>tekelet</i> dan mengikuti teladan Rabbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avraham_ben_Nachman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avraham ben Nachman (halaman belum tersedia)">Avraham ben Nachman</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulchyn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulchyn (halaman belum tersedia)">Tulchyn</a>, seorang guru terkenal Breslov yang menerima pandangan dari sejawatnya, Radziner Rebbe. </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_HaLevi_Herzog" title="Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog">Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog</a> (1889–1959) menerima contoh zat pewarna ini dan menganalisis komposisi kimianya. Para ahli kimia menyimpulkan bahwa zat pewarna itu adalah pewarna sintetis terkenal "Biru Prusia" ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prussian_blue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prussian blue (halaman belum tersedia)">Prussian blue</a>") yang dihasilkan dari reaksi antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besi_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Besi sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">besi sulfat</a> dengan suatu bahan organik. Dalam hal ini, cumi-cumi hanya menyediakan bahan organik yang sebenarnya dengan mudah dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber organik (misalnya darah sapi). Dengan demikian, Rav Herzog menolak identifikasi cumi-cumi sebagai <i>khillazon</i>. Beberapa orang berpendapat bahwa jika Grand Rabbi Gershon Henoch Leiner mengetahui fakta ini, diapun akan menolak identifikasi ini berdasarkan kriteria eksplisit yang dianutnya bahwa warna biru harus berasal dari binatang dan bahan-bahan tambahan lain hanya diizinkan untuk membantu pelekatan warna pada bahan kain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janthina"><i>Janthina</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Janthina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Janthina"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam penelitian doktoral mengenai <i>tekelet</i>, Herzog meletakkan harapan besar untuk membuktikan bahwa <i><a href="/wiki/Hexaplex_trunculus" title="Hexaplex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i> adalh siput (laut) <i>khillazon</i> yang asli. Namun, setelah gagal untuk secara konsisten mendapatkan pewarna biru dari <i>Murex trunculus</i>, ia menulis: “Jika saat ini semua harapan ditinggalkan untuk menemukan kembali <i>khillazon shel tekhelet</i> pada beberapa <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> <i>Murex</i> dan <i>Purpura</i>, paling tidak kami dapat mengusulkan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janthina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janthina (halaman belum tersedia)">Janthina</a></i> sebagai identifikasi yang memungkinkan”.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun kemudian pewarna biru ternyata dapat diperoleh dari siput <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i>, pada tahun 2002 DR. S. W. Kaplan dari <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, menyatakan bahwa ia dapat mewarnai kain wol dengan ekstrak dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janthina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janthina (halaman belum tersedia)">Janthina</a></i>, tetapi klaim ini sampai sekarang belum dapat dibuktikan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murex_trunculus"><i>Murex trunculus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Murex trunculus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Murex trunculus"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wool_techelet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wool_techelet.jpg/150px-Wool_techelet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wool_techelet.jpg/225px-Wool_techelet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wool_techelet.jpg/300px-Wool_techelet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Pemandu dari yayasan "Pt'il Tekhelet Foundation" menunjukkan bagaimana sepotong kain wol, dicelupkan ke cairan pewarna, menjadi biru di bawah sinar matahari.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam tesis doktoral pada tahun 1913 tentang subyek ini, Rabbi Herzog menyebut siput/kerang Murex sebagai kandidat paling mungkin sebagai sumber pewarna <i>tekelet</i>. Meskipun jenis Murex ini memenuhi banyak kriteria yang tertulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, kegagalan Rabbi Herzog untuk menghasilkan warna biru secara konsisten (kadang-kadang yang muncul adalah warna ungu) menghalanginya untuk mengumumkan bahwa sumber pewarna ini telah ditemukan. Pada tahun 1980-an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Elsner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Elsner (halaman belum tersedia)">Otto Elsner</a>, seorang ahli kimia dari Shenkar College of Fibers di Israel menemukan bahwa jika cairan pewarna ini diekspos (dijemur) di bawah sinar matahari, akan menghasilkan warna biru secara konsisten (bukan lagi warna ungu).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1988 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbi_Eliyahu_Tavger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbi Eliyahu Tavger (halaman belum tersedia)">Rabbi Eliyahu Tavger</a> mewarnai tekelet dari <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i> (nama modern: <i><a href="/wiki/Hexaplex_trunculus" title="Hexaplex trunculus">Hexaplex trunculus</a></i>) sesuai <i>mitzvah</i> (perintah) untuk pembuatan <i>tzitzit</i> pertama kalinya setelah lebih dari 1300 tahun. Berdasarkan karyanya, empat tahun kemudian, yayasan "Ptil Tekhelet Organization" dibentuk untuk memberikan pendidikan tentang proses pembuatan pewarna serta membuat pewarna ini tersedia untuk semua orang yang ingin menggunakannya. Acara televisi "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Naked_Archaeologist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Naked Archaeologist (halaman belum tersedia)">The Naked Archaeologist</a>" mewawancarai seorang sarjana Israel yang menyatakan bahwa jenis <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a> inilah binatang yang tepat. Demonstrasi pembuatan pewarna <i>tekelet</i> dengan sinar ultraviolet matahari untuk menghasilkan warna biru juga ditayangkan. </p><p>Pengaruh sinar matahari terhadap corak warna yang dihasilkan oleh pewarna jenis ini telah diketahui sejak zaman dahulu, seperti yang ditulis oleh <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> (abad pertama SM), “Ungu melebihi semua warna dalam hal nilai dan keunggulan efek yang mengagumkan. Diperoleh dari sebuah kerang laut. ... Tidak mempunyai corak yang sama di semua tempat di mana ia ditemukan, tetapi dikualifikasi secara alamiah berdasarkan pengaruh matahari”.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identifikasi_sebagai_khillazon">Identifikasi sebagai <i>khillazon</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Identifikasi sebagai khillazon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Identifikasi sebagai khillazon"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> disebutkan bahwa kerang <i>khillazon</i> harus dibuka dengan cara dipecah cangkangnya, dengan kata kerja "<i>potzea</i>", yaitu sebagaimana membuka kenari (Herzog, p.57). <i>Murex</i> adalah moluska bercangkang keras, sehingga harus dipecahkan untuk membukanya guna mengambil zat pewarna yang dikandungnya (Royal Purple, p.180; Ziderman, p.430). Cangkang-cangkang siput yang ditemukan dalam penggalian arkeologis dipecah pada titik yang tepat pada kelenjar penghasil zat pewarna. (Ziderman, p.438).<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pewarnaan tekelet dikenal karena keindahan yang awet dan tahan lama (Rambam, Hil Tzitzit 2:1), dan nyatanya pewarna dari jenis <i>Murex</i> melekat sangat kuat pada kain wol, dan merupakan salah satu pewarna paling awet di zaman kuno (Sterman, p.67). Tiga hari direndam dalam cairan pemutih kuat (<i>strong bleach</i>) tidak memberi dampak apa-apa terhadap warna biru pada kain. (Twerski, p.91).<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bukti lain yang dikemukakan bahwa <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i> adalah <i>khillazon</i> adalah berdasarkan catatan pada <i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> Yerusalem</i> (sebagaimana dikutip oleh Raavyah) yang menerjemahkan <i>tekelet</i> sebagai <i>porphiron</i>, yaitu nama Latin dan Yunani untuk kerang yang cangkangnya berbentuk <i>trunculus</i>). <a href="/wiki/Plinius" class="mw-disambig" title="Plinius">Plinius</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> menulis bahwa sumber dari zat pewarna kuno adalah kerang-kerang semacam ini.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi_lain">Aplikasi lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarjana biologi dari <i>Australian <a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a></i>, DR. Kirsten Benkendorff dan DR. Catherine Abbott, meneliti potensi obat anti-<a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a> dari spesies siput laut setempat, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicathais_orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicathais orbita (halaman belum tersedia)">Dicathais orbita</a></i> atau <i>Australian dogwhelk</i> dan menemukan bahwa senyawa bioaktif yang terlibat dalam produksi pewarna ungu/biru dari jenis siput-siput laut ternyata mempunyai banyak kemungkinan kegunaan pengobatan, termasuk obat anti-kanker payudara. Mereka mengumumkan pada bulan Oktober 2008 bahwa penelitian tentang spesies <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murex_purpurea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Murex purpurea (halaman belum tersedia)">Murex purpurea</a></i> dijalankan karena mempunyai bahan aktif yang serupa dari familia <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a> yang sama dengan <i>Australian Dogwhelk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Argaman">Argaman</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ungu_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungu Tyre">Ungu Tyre</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">Warna</a>: <a href="/wiki/Biru" title="Biru">Biru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nila" title="Nila">Nila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungu" title="Ungu">Ungu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolinus_brandaris" title="Bolinus brandaris">Bolinus brandaris</a></i> (atau <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_brandaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex brandaris">Murex brandaris</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hexaplex_trunculus" title="Hexaplex trunculus">Hexaplex trunculus</a></i> (atau <i><a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">Murex trunculus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemah_Suci" title="Kemah Suci">Kemah Suci</a></li> <li>Bagian <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a> yang berkaitan: <a href="/wiki/Keluaran_26" title="Keluaran 26">Keluaran 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_15" title="Bilangan 15">Bilangan 15</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gutnick_Chumash_Tchelet_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Compilation (2006). <i>Chumash&#160;: the five books of Moses&#160;: with Rashi's commentary Targum Onkelos and Haftaros with a commentary anthologized from classic Rabbinic texts and the works of the Lubavitcher Rebge</i> (edisi ke-Synagogue). New York, N.Y.: Kol Menachem. hlm.&#160;967. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781934152010" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781934152010">9781934152010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chumash+%3A+the+five+books+of+Moses+%3A+with+Rashi%27s+commentary+Targum+Onkelos+and+Haftaros+with+a+commentary+anthologized+from+classic+Rabbinic+texts+and+the+works+of+the+Lubavitcher+Rebge&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&amp;rft.pages=967&amp;rft.edition=Synagogue&amp;rft.pub=Kol+Menachem&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9781934152010&amp;rft.au=Compilation&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tchelet.chbd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tchelet.chbd_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/530127/jewish/Techelet-Blue-Thread.htm">"Techelet (Blue Thread)"</a>. <i>Tzitzit and Tallis</i>. Chabad Media Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Tzitzit+and+Tallis&amp;rft.atitle=Techelet+%28Blue+Thread%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F530127%2Fjewish%2FTechelet-Blue-Thread.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-outekhelet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-outekhelet_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-outekhelet_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-outekhelet_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-outekhelet_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zohar, Gil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/ou/print_this/">50561 "Fringe Benefits - Kfar Adumim factory revives the lost commandment of tekhelet"</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>. www.ou.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fringe+Benefits+-+Kfar+Adumim+factory+revives+the+lost+commandment+of+tekhelet&amp;rft.pub=www.ou.org&amp;rft.aulast=Zohar&amp;rft.aufirst=Gil&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fou%2Fprint_this%2F+50561&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ExaminerTchelet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExaminerTchelet_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Amir, Nina. "Lost thread of blue, tekhelet color reestablished". <i>Religion &amp; Spirituality</i>. Clarity Digital Group LLC d/b/a Examiner.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Religion+%26+Spirituality&amp;rft.atitle=Lost+thread+of+blue%2C+tekhelet+color+reestablished&amp;rft.aulast=Amir&amp;rft.aufirst=Nina&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Tidak memiliki atau membutuhkan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#cite_web_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;access-date=</code> membutuhkan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#accessdate_missing_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bromiley-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bromiley_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bromiley_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Page 1057 Geoffrey W. Bromiley - 2007 "The most highly prized dye in the ancient world obtained from the secretions of four molluscs native to the eastern Mediterranean: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helix_ianthina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helix ianthina (halaman belum tersedia)">helix ianthina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murex_brandaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex brandaris">murex brandaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murex_trunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murex trunculus">murex trunculus</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purpura_lapillus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Purpura lapillus (halaman belum tersedia)">purpura lapillus</a>. Various shades could be produced"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gesenius" class="mw-disambig" title="Gesenius">Gesenius</a> Hebrew lexicon entry for "Isles of Elisha" - more modern source needed</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historical dye collection of the Technical University of Dresden, Germany</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">False Tekhelet <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/false.pdf">http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/false.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Hillazon Braita <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/braita.pdf">http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/braita.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-criteria-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-criteria_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criteria_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criteria_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criteria_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528142742/http://www.tekhelet.com/criteria.htm">"Criteria of Tekhelet"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/criteria.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Criteria+of+Tekhelet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tekhelet.com%2Fcriteria.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514051739/http://www.tekhelet.com/timeline.htm">"Garis waktu Tekelet"</a>. 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Isaac Herzog, The Royal Purple and The Biblical Blue, Keter, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmud, Shabbat 26a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On History, Mesorah and Nignaz <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/HistoryMesorahNignaz.pdf">http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/HistoryMesorahNignaz.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simmons, Rabbi Shraga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm">Tallit stripes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050920005343/http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-09-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mystery of Tekhelet <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAJgB4xAIw">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAJgB4xAIw</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/The-color-techelet">The color techelet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kraft, Dina (2011-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28blue.html">"Rediscovered, Ancient Color is Reclaiming Israeli Interest"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Rediscovered%2C+Ancient+Color+is+Reclaiming+Israeli+Interest&amp;rft.date=2011-02-27&amp;rft.aulast=Kraft&amp;rft.aufirst=Dina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F02%2F28%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F28blue.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nYo_O52iijoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;lpg=PA80&amp;dq=tel+dor+dye+production&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=BkwOhFzQRX&amp;sig=-1sQmEHVRw671y32qQqCdRY5z1I&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=EQoBS67POpCi4QaMnemBDA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CBkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=tel%20dor%20dye%20production&amp;f=false">Wisdom as a woman of substance: a socioeconomic reading of Proverbs 1–9, Christine Elizabeth Yoder</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P'til T'khelet, p.168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herzog, p.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Elsner, "Solution of the enigmas of dyeing with Tyrian purple and the Biblical tekhelet", <i>Dyes in history and Archaeology</i> <b>10</b> (1992) p 14f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vitruvius, M. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vitruviustenbook00vitr"><i>The Ten Books on Architecture</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vitruviustenbook00vitr/page/n18">1</a>–331. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0486206455" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0486206455">978-0486206455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Ten+Books+on+Architecture&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=1-331&amp;rft.pub=Dover+Publications&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.isbn=978-0486206455&amp;rft.au=Vitruvius%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvitruviustenbook00vitr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brochure-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brochure_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924011437/http://www.tekhelet.com/brochure.htm">"Brosur mengenai Tekelet"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tekhelet.com/brochure.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Brosur+mengenai+Tekelet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tekhelet.com%2Fbrochure.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATekelet" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volunteer Service supports fresh ideas <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.flinders.sa.gov.au/fmcfoundation/files/links/InvestigatorAutumn08.pdf">http://www.flinders.sa.gov.au/fmcfoundation/files/links/InvestigatorAutumn08.pdf</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekelet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekhelet.info">http://www.tekhelet.info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekheletfoundation.com">http://www.tekheletfoundation.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220063202/http://tekheletfoundation.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-02-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tekhelet.com">http://www.tekhelet.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tchelet-net.022.co.il">http://www.tchelet-net.022.co.il</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28blue.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28blue.html</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐545c99d975‐gz24d Cached time: 20241203011951 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.226 seconds Real time usage: 0.378 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2565/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31188/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5814/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25225/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.050/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2989953/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 200.345 1 -total 44.79% 89.725 1 Templat:Reflist 25.79% 51.676 1 Templat:Rquote 22.28% 44.641 3 Templat:Main_other 21.29% 42.647 1 Templat:Blockquote 18.64% 37.336 2 Templat:Cite_book 9.27% 18.579 6 Templat:Cite_web 8.80% 17.629 7 Templat:Lang-he 7.36% 14.742 7 Templat:Language_with_name_and_transliteration 6.96% 13.952 1 Templat:Trim_quotes --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key idwiki:pcache:1163916:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241203011951 and revision id 23086874. 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