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mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juri_Kovalt%C5%A1uk" title="Juri Kovaltšuk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juri Kovaltšuk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iouri_Kovaltchouk" title="Iouri Kovaltchouk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iouri Kovaltchouk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Koval%27%C4%8Duk" title="Jurij Koval'čuk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jurij Koval'čuk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Ковальчук, Юрий Валентинович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ковальчук, Юрий Валентинович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juri_Kovalt%C5%A1uk" title="Juri Kovaltšuk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juri Kovaltšuk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian oligarch (born 1951)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Valentinovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Kovalchuk</i>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Ukrainian soldier, see <a href="/wiki/Yurii_Kovalchuk" title="Yurii Kovalchuk">Yurii Kovalchuk</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Yury Kovalchuk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Юрий Ковальчук</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Yury Valentinovich Kovalchuk</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-07-25</span>) </span>25 July 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Chairman and largest shareholder, <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Bank" title="Rossiya Bank">Rossiya Bank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">"Putin's personal banker"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kovalchuk" title="Mikhail Kovalchuk">Mikhail Kovalchuk</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orden_of_Friendship.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Orden_of_Friendship.png/25px-Orden_of_Friendship.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Orden_of_Friendship.png/38px-Orden_of_Friendship.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Orden_of_Friendship.png/50px-Orden_of_Friendship.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship" title="Order of Friendship">Order of Friendship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yury Valentinovich Kovalchuk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ю́рий Валенти́нович Ковальчу́к</span>; born 25 July 1951) is a Russian <a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaire</a> businessman and financier who is "reputed to be <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s personal banker".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panama Papers leak revealed that Kovalchuk had transferred at least $1 billion to an offshore entity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovalchuk is a close friend of Putin: he hosted the wedding of Putin's daughter <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova" title="Katerina Tikhonova">Katerina Tikhonova</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Shamalov" title="Kirill Shamalov">Kirill Shamalov</a> at his ski resort, <a href="/wiki/Igora" title="Igora">Igora</a>, in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to journalist <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Zygar" title="Mikhail Zygar">Mikhail Zygar</a>, Kovalchuk could probably be called Number 2 in today's Russia. While self-isolating from COVID-19 in 2020, Putin spent much time with Kovalchuk, and they share the view that the only important factor is to restore Russian greatness.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some experts, Kovalchuk played a role in Putin's decision to <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invade Ukraine</a> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yury_Kovalchuk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yuri Kovalchuk spent his childhood and youth in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a>. He was the second child in a family of history teachers. His father, Valentin Mikhailovich Kovalchuk, is Russian, and his mother, Miriam Abramovna Kovalchuk (née Viro), is <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>. His brother Mikhail is five years older than him.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1987 to 1991, he was the first deputy director of <a href="/wiki/Ioffe_Physico-Technical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute">Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute</a>. </p><p>In 1992, Kovalchuk was a founder of the STREAM Corporation (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">ЗАО "Корпорация "СТРИМ"</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovalchuk is very closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Stolyarenko" title="Vladimir Stolyarenko">Vladimir Stolyarenko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoscowNovostiOligarchs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoscowNovostiOligarchs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StakesDaughtersFeb2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the early 1990s, Kovalchuk has owned a <a href="/wiki/Dacha" title="Dacha">dacha</a> in Solovyovka in the <a href="/wiki/Priozersky_District" title="Priozersky District">Priozersky District</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad region</a>, located on the eastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Komsomolskoye" title="Lake Komsomolskoye">Komsomolskoye lake</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus" title="Karelian Isthmus">Karelian Isthmus</a> near Saint Petersburg. His neighbours there are <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yakunin" title="Vladimir Yakunin">Vladimir Yakunin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Aleksandrovich_Fursenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Aleksandrovich Fursenko">Andrei Fursenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Fursenko" title="Sergey Fursenko">Sergey Fursenko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Myachin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Myachin (page does not exist)">Viktor Myachin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Smirnov_(businessman)" title="Vladimir Smirnov (businessman)">Vladimir Smirnov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Shamalov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Shamalov">Nikolay Shamalov</a>. Together they instituted the co-operative society <a href="/wiki/Ozero" title="Ozero">Ozero</a> (the Lake) which united their properties on 10 November 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AntiComp_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntiComp-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2000, he was a main shareholder of the <a href="/wiki/Baltika_Breweries" title="Baltika Breweries">Brewery "Baltika"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">пивоваренная компания "Балтика"</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-MoscowNovostiOligarchs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoscowNovostiOligarchs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2004, he has been chair of <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Bank" title="Rossiya Bank">Rossiya Bank</a> and its largest shareholder.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AntiComp_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntiComp-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The May 2008 issue of Russian <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> listed him for the first time in its <i>Golden Hundred</i> of Russia's richest, calling him and another new entrant to the <i>List</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Timchenko" title="Gennady Timchenko">Gennady Timchenko</a>, "good acquaintances of Vladimir Putin."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine placed him at number 53 on the Russians-only list, with an estimated fortune of $1.9 billion. After sanctions imposed on Kovalchuk in 2018, this dropped to $650 million.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His elder brother <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kovalchuk" title="Mikhail Kovalchuk">Mikhail Kovalchuk</a> is the scientific secretary of the Council for Science and High Technologies attached to the president of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2015, Yury Kovalchuk's National Media Group (NMG) and US <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> joined forces to form Media Alliance of which NMG owns 80%.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Kovalchuk acquired the rights to <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>'s Russian assets including the Russian version of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Boomerang</a>. The reason for the sale was based on the Russian media ownership law that limits ownership of Russian media by foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Kovalchuk purchased the century-old <a href="/wiki/Novyi_Svit_(winery)" title="Novyi Svit (winery)">Novy Svet</a> vineyard in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> for $26.4 million in one of the first privatization deals in the region since the <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a> of the region by Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2019, Kovalchuk and <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shamalov" title="Nikolai Shamalov">Nikolai Shamalov</a> through their ownership of Rossiya Bank have become the most important investors in Russia's development of annexed Crimea.<sup id="cite_ref-Insru29012019_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Insru29012019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the world's leading streaming entertainment service <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> partnered with Kovalchuk's National Media Group to launch a local-language streaming service in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 April 2021, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>'s website stated that since 2003 Kovalchuk is the owner of Putin's residence at Valdai which is on the southern 100 hectares (250 acres) of a peninsula between <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" class="extiw" title="ru:Ужин (озеро)">Lake Uzhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ужин</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Valdayskoye" title="Lake Valdayskoye">Lake Valdai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">озеро Валдай</span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod Oblast</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and is across Lake Valdai from <a href="/wiki/Valday,_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Valday, Novgorod Oblast">Valday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Валдай</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-PutinValdaiResidence_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PutinValdaiResidence-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, <i>Putin's Dacha</i>, which was built in 1980, is called <i>Valdai</i>, <i>Dolgie Borody</i>, or <i>Stalin's Dacha</i>, but Stalin was not alive when <i>Valdai</i> was built.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abutting north of this location is 150 hectares (370 acres) owned by the Russian Federation and is frequented by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PutinValdaiResidence_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PutinValdaiResidence-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kovalchuk leases <i>Putin's Dacha</i> to the Russian government for an undisclosed price.<sup id="cite_ref-PutinValdaiResidence_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PutinValdaiResidence-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovalchuk owns shares in several of Russia’s most influential TV channels, including <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2021, <a href="/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov" title="Alisher Usmanov">Alisher Usmanov</a>'s holding company USM said it had sold its stake in Russia's leading <a href="/wiki/Runet" title="Runet">internet group</a> <a href="/wiki/VK_(company)" title="VK (company)">VK</a> to state-run insurance company <a href="/wiki/Sogaz" title="Sogaz">Sogaz</a>, which is partly owned by Yury Kovalchuk.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yury_Kovalchuk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sanctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kovalchuk was one of several individuals sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury Department on 20 March 2014 in response to the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>, Kovalchuk is a close advisor to President Putin and has been referred to as one of his "cashiers".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sanctions_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanctions-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ukraine-EO13661_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-EO13661-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovalchuk was sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> government in 2014 in relation to <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yury_Kovalchuk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_people_by_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian people by net worth">List of Russian people by net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yury_Kovalchuk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 1989 to 1995, the president and chairman of the board of Tokobank was Viktor Konstantinovich Yakunin (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Виктор Константинович Якунин</span>) who created Tokobank.<sup id="cite_ref-YakuninLetopis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YakuninLetopis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 April 1992 using <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a> 50 million from a "frozen" <a href="/wiki/VEB.RF" title="VEB.RF">VEB</a> account, Tokobank gained an 80.6% stake in <a href="/wiki/Ost-West_Handelsbank" title="Ost-West Handelsbank">Ost-West Handelsbank</a> after the shareholders of Ost-West Handelsbank transferred the stake to Tokobank which was the first privatization of a former <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Совзагранбанк">sovzagranbank</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Совзагранбанк</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-YakuninLetopis_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YakuninLetopis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeutscheMarks_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeutscheMarks-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1998, members of the St. Petersburg "Northern Alliance" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">«Северный Альянс»</span>) including <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Stolyarenko" title="Vladimir Stolyarenko">Vladimir Stolyarenko</a>, held temporary directorships of Tokobank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Токобанк</span>). In 1998, Tokobank owned a 28% stake in the German bank <a href="/wiki/Ost-West_Handelsbank" title="Ost-West Handelsbank">Ost-West Handelsbank</a>. In 1998, "Northern Alliance" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">«Северный Альянс»</span>) associated with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> included directors and shareholders of Tokobank including Sudhir Gupta, owner of Amtel Tire Holding and controlled Yunicbank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Юникбанк</span>), whose August 1998 head of the supervisory board was Stepan Kovalchuk (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Степан Ковальчук</span>), the chairman of the board of Flamingo Bank (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">банк «Фламинг»</span>). Stepan Kovalchuk is a grand-nephew of Yuri Kovalchuk.<sup id="cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StakesDaughtersFeb2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Company21022005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company21022005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yury_Kovalchuk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References and notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rfe.rferl.org/newsline/2008/03/1-RUS/rus-070308.asp">"Russians make leap forward on global billionaires' list"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Liberty">Radio Liberty</a>. 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russians+make+leap+forward+on+global+billionaires%27+list&rft.pub=Radio+Liberty&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frfe.rferl.org%2Fnewsline%2F2008%2F03%2F1-RUS%2Frus-070308.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/panama-papers-money-hidden-offshore">"Revealed: the $2bn offshore trail that leads to Vladimir Putin"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+the+%242bn+offshore+trail+that+leads+to+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fapr%2F03%2Fpanama-papers-money-hidden-offshore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/russia-capitalism-shamalov/">"The man who married Putin's daughter and then made a fortune"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=The+man+who+married+Putin%27s+daughter+and+then+made+a+fortune&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Frussia-capitalism-shamalov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w172xv5n7vgx81w">Newshour, March 16, 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/look-trio-convinced-putin-invade-084200834.html">"A look at the trio who convinced Putin to invade"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i>. 9 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=A+look+at+the+trio+who+convinced+Putin+to+invade&rft.date=2023-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Flook-trio-convinced-putin-invade-084200834.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/80002564-33e8-48fb-b734-44810afb7a49">"How Putin blundered into Ukraine — then doubled down"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 23 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=How+Putin+blundered+into+Ukraine+%E2%80%94+then+doubled+down&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F80002564-33e8-48fb-b734-44810afb7a49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzen.ru/a/XcFwxQbMRgCty36l">"Юрий Ковальчук – миллиардер, в банке которого хранит деньги Путин"</a>. <i>Дзен</i> (in Russian). 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD&rft.atitle=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA+%E2%80%93+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%2C+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzen.ru%2Fa%2FXcFwxQbMRgCty36l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040305013513/https://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-21">"НОВЫЕ "ОЛИГАРХИ": КТО ОНИ? Немногие сведения о Юрии Ковальчуке и Геннадии Тимченко едва ли позволяют поставить этих людей в один ряд с представителями сверхкрупного бизнеса"</a> [NEW "OLIGARCHS": WHO ARE THEY? Few information about Yuri Kovalchuk and Gennady Timchenko hardly makes it possible to put these people on a par with representatives of super-large business]. <i><a href="/wiki/Moskovskiye_Novosti" title="Moskovskiye Novosti">ИД "МОСКОВСКИЕ НОВОСТИ"</a> (Moscow News)</i> (in Russian). No. 4. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-21">the original</a> on 5 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%94+%22%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%22+%28Moscow+News%29&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%AB%D0%95+%22%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%93%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%98%22%3A+%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%9E+%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%98%3F+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mn.ru%2Fissue.php%3F2004-4-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВасильев2004" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Васильев, Юрий (Vasiliev, Yuri) (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040304225753/http://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-20">"НЕВЕДОМЫЕ МИРУ ФАКТЫ: "Люди, очнитесь!" - призвал российский народ кандидат в президенты Иван РЫБКИН. Корреспондент "МН" Юрий ВАСИЛЬЕВ попытался внять его призыву"</a> [FACTS UNKNOWN TO THE WORLD: "People, wake up!" - the presidential candidate Ivan RYBKIN called on the Russian people. MN correspondent Yuri VASILIEV tried to heed his call]. <i><a href="/wiki/Moskovskiye_Novosti" title="Moskovskiye Novosti">ИД "МОСКОВСКИЕ НОВОСТИ"</a> (Moscow News) issue 4</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-20">the original</a> on 4 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%94+%22%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%22+%28Moscow+News%29+issue+4&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%92%D0%95%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%AB%D0%95+%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%A3+%D0%A4%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%AB%3A+%22%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%21%22+-+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9D.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%22%D0%9C%D0%9D%22+%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%95%D0%92+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%28Vasiliev%2C+Yuri%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mn.ru%2Fissue.php%3F2004-4-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoscowNovostiOligarchs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MoscowNovostiOligarchs_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoscowNovostiOligarchs_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040305013513/https://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-21">"НОВЫЕ "ОЛИГАРХИ": КТО ОНИ? Немногие сведения о Юрии Ковальчуке и Геннадии Тимченко едва ли позволяют поставить этих людей в один ряд с представителями сверхкрупного бизнеса"</a> [NEW "OLIGARCHS": WHO ARE THEY? Few information about Yuri Kovalchuk and Gennady Timchenko hardly makes it possible to put these people on a par with representatives of super-large business]. <i><a href="/wiki/Moskovskiye_Novosti" title="Moskovskiye Novosti">ИД "МОСКОВСКИЕ НОВОСТИ"</a> (Moscow News) Issue 4</i> (in Russian). 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mn.ru/issue.php?2004-4-21">the original</a> on 5 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%94+%22%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%22+%28Moscow+News%29+Issue+4&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%AB%D0%95+%22%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%93%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%98%22%3A+%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%9E+%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%98%3F+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mn.ru%2Fissue.php%3F2004-4-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StakesDaughtersFeb2005-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StakesDaughtersFeb2005_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_18319.jpg">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Дочерние" российские зарубежные банки и сеть ВТБ: доли ЦБ, ВТБ и др"</a> [Russian Foreign "Daughter" Banks and the VTB Network: stakes held by Central Bank, VTB, others]. <i>compromat.ru</i>. February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=compromat.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%22+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%92%D0%A2%D0%91%3A+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%A6%D0%91%2C+%D0%92%D0%A2%D0%91+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.compromat.ru%2Fimgup%2Fconverted_18319.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБирман2005" class="citation news cs1">Бирман, Александр (Birman, Alexander) (21 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050313182643/https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1">"В советских сетях: Нефтедоллары пойдут по проверенным каналам загранбанков"</a> [In Soviet networks: Oil dollars will go through proven channels of foreign banks]. <i>Компании Деловой Еженедельник (ko.ru)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1">the original</a> on 13 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%28ko.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%85%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2005-02-21&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%28Birman%2C+Alexander%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fko.ru%2Fdocument.asp%3Fd_no%3D11319%26p%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YakuninLetopis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YakuninLetopis_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YakuninLetopis_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813011601/http://letopis.org/static/org/images/directs/6/49b13b66-3777-11ea-9e5e-001be2a7c7fd.pdf">"Виктор Константинович Якунин: Нашим возможностям соответствовал, Ost-West Handelsbank"</a> [Victor Konstantinovich Yakunin: Our capabilities matched, Ost-West Handelsbank] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>letopis.org</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://letopis.org/static/org/images/directs/6/49b13b66-3777-11ea-9e5e-001be2a7c7fd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=letopis.org&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%2C+Ost-West+Handelsbank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fletopis.org%2Fstatic%2Forg%2Fimages%2Fdirects%2F6%2F49b13b66-3777-11ea-9e5e-001be2a7c7fd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeutscheMarks-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeutscheMarks_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСимонов1992" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Симонов, Дмитрий (4 May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4560">"Выкуплен первый совзагранбанк: Чьи деньги, Зин?"</a> [The first sovzagranbank was redeemed: Whose money, Zin?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Коммерсантъ</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%3A+%D0%A7%D1%8C%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%2C+%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%3F&rft.date=1992-05-04&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F4560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБуйлов2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Буйлов, Максим (Builov, Maxim) (11 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compromat.ru/page_11356.htm">"Банки-2001: Кому принадлежит Россия"</a> [Banks-2001: Who owns Russia]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Коммерсант</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>Archived at compromat.ru on 11 December 2001.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8-2001%3A+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2001-12-11&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC+%28Builov%2C+Maxim%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.compromat.ru%2Fpage_11356.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Company21022005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Company21022005_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБирман2005" class="citation news cs1">Бирман, Александр (Birman, Alexander) (21 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050313182643/https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1">"В советских сетях: Нефтедоллары пойдут по проверенным каналам загранбанков"</a> [In Soviet networks: Oil dollars will go through proven channels of foreign banks]. <i><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)" class="extiw" title="ru:Компания (журнал)">Компании Деловой Еженедельник</a> (ko.ru)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1">the original</a> on 13 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Рассказ о том, как власти превратили Telegram в телевизор"</a> [A cart from the Kremlin. The story of how the authorities turned Telegram into a TV]. <i><a href="/wiki/Proekt" title="Proekt">Проект</a> (proekt.media)</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director general of the Russia Bank.</a> <a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Vedomosti</a> #35(1316), 1 March 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONSOLIDATED+LIST+OF+FINANCIAL+SANCTIONS+TARGETS+IN+THE+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F1150217%2FRussia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYury+Kovalchuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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