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Silesians (tribe) - Wikipedia

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title="Slensanen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Slensanen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A9zanes" title="Slézanes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Slézanes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სლენზიანელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სლენზიანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Al%C4%99%C5%BCanere" title="Ślężanere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ślężanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Al%C4%99%C5%BCanie" title="Ślężanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślężanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Слензане – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слензане" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alyn%C5%BCany" title="Ślynżany – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ślynżany" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0lezani" title="Šlezani – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šlezani" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Слензани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слензани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">West Slavic tribe, that had settled on both banks of the Oder river since the 1st century CE.</div> <p>The <b>Silesians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Ślężanie</i>) were a <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a>, specifically of the <a href="/wiki/Lechitic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechitic tribes">Lechitic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Polish_tribes" title="Polish tribes">Polish</a> group, inhabiting territories of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Mount_%C5%9Al%C4%99%C5%BCa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Ślęża">Ślęża</a> mountain and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Al%C4%99za" title="Ślęza">Ślęza</a> river,<sup id="cite_ref-pj32_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> on both banks of the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> up to the area of modern city of <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ci_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ci-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They were the first permanent inhabitants of the site of Wrocław where they build a fort on <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Tumski,_Wroc%C5%82aw" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrów Tumski, Wrocław">Ostrów Tumski</a> in the 9th century or earlier, which at the time was an island on the Oder.<sup id="cite_ref-ci_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ci-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their tribal name was derived from the name of the mountain and the river, which most likely came from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Polish" title="Old Polish">old Polish</a> word <i>Ślagwa</i>, meaning "humid", which refers to the climate of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-pj35_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj35-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The name of the region in turn, <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>, comes from their language and tribal name.<sup id="cite_ref-pj32_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Along with the <a href="/wiki/Opolans" title="Opolans">Opolans</a>, the Ślężanie comprised one of the two major tribes in Silesia. They bordered the <a href="/wiki/Dziadoszanie" class="mw-redirect" title="Dziadoszanie">Dziadoszanie</a> to their north.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biezunczanie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biezunczanie (page does not exist)">Biezunczanie</a>'s territory lay to the west. Other, more minor, Silesian tribes of the time included the <a href="/wiki/Golensizi" title="Golensizi">Golensizi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trzebowianie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trzebowianie (page does not exist)">Trzebowianie</a> (who might have actually been part of the Ślężanie), <a href="/wiki/Bobrzanie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobrzanie">Bobrzanie</a> (who were probably subjects of the Dziadoszanie) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C5%82ubczyce_(Slavic_tribe)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Głubczyce (Slavic tribe) (page does not exist)">Głubczyce</a>, further to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-pj32_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plemiona_polskie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plemiona_polskie.png/250px-Plemiona_polskie.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plemiona_polskie.png/375px-Plemiona_polskie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plemiona_polskie.png/500px-Plemiona_polskie.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the geography of early Polish tribes. The Ślężanie, and some of the sub tribes are shown in the south west.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Geographer" title="Bavarian Geographer">Bavarian Geographer</a></i>, which refers to them as the <b>Sleenzane</b>, states that they had 15 settlements, or <i><a href="/wiki/Gord_(Slavic_settlement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gord (Slavic settlement)">gords</a></i> (<i>civitates</i>), and lists them as one of several <a href="/wiki/Silesian_tribes" title="Silesian tribes">tribes located in Silesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pj32_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_charter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prague charter (page does not exist)">Prague charter</a></i> (description of borders of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Prague">Prague bishopric</a>) from 1086 refers to them with the alternative name of <b>Zlasane</b>. <a href="/wiki/Thietmar_Chronicle#Thietmar.27s_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Thietmar Chronicle">Thietmar's Chronicle</a>, from the second decade of the 11th century, calls them the <b>Silensi</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their tribal name was known to the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ślężanie achieved a high degree of social organization and built fortified towns by the 8th century <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>, if not earlier. Archeological finds of fortifications built by various Silesian tribes date back to as early as 4th century and evidence of continuous settlement in the area can be traced back to 1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-pj32_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A long fortified wall, strengthened by numerous moats, stretched from the present day town of <a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jelenia Góra">Jelenia Góra</a> to <a href="/wiki/Krosno_Odrza%C5%84skie" title="Krosno Odrzańskie">Krosno Odrzańskie</a>, and along both sides of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3br" title="Bóbr">Bobr</a> river. The existence of these sophisticated defenses suggests that the various Silesian tribes had to cooperate in their construction. Hence, it is possible that in the period between the 7th and 9th centuries, the Ślężanie were united in a loose confederation of Silesian tribes. However, the wall most likely served a solely defensive purpose, most likely as a bulwark against raiding parties of the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Polabian_Slavs" title="Polabian Slavs">Polabian Slavs</a> as none of the Polish tribes yet shared direct borders with Germanic states at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-pj35_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj35-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 990 AD on, after a series of short wars between <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_I" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a>, first ruler of <a href="/wiki/Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland during the Piast dynasty">Poland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a> (who was Mieszko's brother in law), Silesia, and the Ślężanie, became part of the Polish state.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over time, the Ślężanie, along with the other Silesian tribes, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Vistulans" title="Vistulans">Vistulans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(Slavic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)">Pomeranians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lendians" title="Lendians">Lendians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masovians" title="Masovians">Masovians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polans_(western)" title="Polans (western)">Polans</a> mixed and became part of the Polish state.<sup id="cite_ref-falk_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-falk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mountain Ślęża, and the neighboring peak of <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%99pia_G%C3%B3ra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sępia Góra (page does not exist)">Sępia Góra</a> ("Vulture Peak"), served as a sacred place where important religious ceremonies were held by the tribe. In fact, the religious importance of the location dates back to the sun-worshipping people of the <a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian culture</a>, as early as 1300 B.C. It was used as a place of worship by various people who inhabited the area before the Ślężanie, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a> (most likely a <a href="/wiki/Vandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandal">Vandal</a> tribe).<sup id="cite_ref-pj35_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pj35-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The mountain Ślęża was also a place of pilgrimage for other Slavic tribes of that era. According to legend, the peak was created as a result of a battle between <a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demons" class="mw-redirect" title="Demons">demons</a>, when after a struggle, the angels used the mountain to bury the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gzw_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzw-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesians_(tribe)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Medieval_Slavic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Medieval Slavic tribes">List of Medieval Slavic tribes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesians_(tribe)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pj32-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pj32_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj32_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj32_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj32_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj32_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasienica, pg. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wieczorek and Hinz, pg. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ci-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ci_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ci_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wroclaw-life.com/wroclaw/ostrow-tumski">Wroclaw-life.com, Cathedral Isle</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krzysztof Dydyński, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;tbo=1&amp;tbs=bks%3A1&amp;q=The+Slezanie+tribe+built+its+stronghold+on+the+island+in+the+7th+or+8th+century&amp;aq=f&amp;aqi=&amp;aql=&amp;oq=&amp;gs_rfai=">Poland: a travel survival kit</a>, Lonely Planet Publications, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pj35-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pj35_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj35_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pj35_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasienica, pg. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arch_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buko, pgs. 83-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koemer and Szwedek, pg. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lerski, Wróbel and Kozicki, pg. 354</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-falk-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-falk_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falk, pg. 546</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gzw-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gzw_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krzysztof Kucharski, "Menu dawnych Ślężan" (Menu of the old Ślężanie), <i>Gazeta Wroclawska</i>, 13 August 2009, last accessed July 8, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gazetawroclawska.pl/slowopolskie/44023,menu-dawnych-slezan,id,t.html">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesians_(tribe)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrzej_Buko2008" class="citation book cs1">Andrzej Buko (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6A3Q1WQIroC&amp;pg=PA83"><i>The Archaeology of Early Medieval Poland: Discoveries, Hypotheses, Interpretations</i></a>. BRILL. pp.&#160;83–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16230-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16230-3"><bdi>978-90-04-16230-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Early+Medieval+Poland%3A+Discoveries%2C+Hypotheses%2C+Interpretations&amp;rft.pages=83-&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-16230-3&amp;rft.au=Andrzej+Buko&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6A3Q1WQIroC%26pg%3DPA83&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilesians+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvner_Falk1996" class="citation book cs1">Avner Falk (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&amp;pg=PA547"><i>A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews</i></a>. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp.&#160;547–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3660-2"><bdi>978-0-8386-3660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Psychoanalytic+History+of+the+Jews&amp;rft.pages=547-&amp;rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3660-2&amp;rft.au=Avner+Falk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz10-Xz9Kno4C%26pg%3DPA547&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilesians+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._F._K._KoernerA._J._Szwedek2001" class="citation book cs1">E. F. K. Koerner; A. J. Szwedek (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CTtT7-JTwioC&amp;pg=PA171"><i>Towards a History of Linguistics in Poland: From the Early Beginnings to the End of the Twentieth Century</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. pp.&#160;171–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-4591-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-4591-6"><bdi>90-272-4591-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Towards+a+History+of+Linguistics+in+Poland%3A+From+the+Early+Beginnings+to+the+End+of+the+Twentieth+Century&amp;rft.pages=171-&amp;rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=90-272-4591-6&amp;rft.au=E.+F.+K.+Koerner&amp;rft.au=A.+J.+Szwedek&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCTtT7-JTwioC%26pg%3DPA171&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilesians+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Jan_Lerski1996" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTUTqE2difgC"><i>Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26007-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26007-0"><bdi>978-0-313-26007-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Poland%2C+966-1945&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-26007-0&amp;rft.au=Jerzy+Jan+Lerski&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTUTqE2difgC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilesians+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfried_WieczorekHans-Martin_Hinz2000" class="citation book cs1">Alfried Wieczorek; Hans-Martin Hinz (2000). <i>Europe's centre around AD 1000</i>. Stuttgart: Theiss. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8062-1549-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8062-1549-6"><bdi>978-3-8062-1549-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europe%27s+centre+around+AD+1000&amp;rft.place=Stuttgart&amp;rft.pub=Theiss&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-8062-1549-6&amp;rft.au=Alfried+Wieczorek&amp;rft.au=Hans-Martin+Hinz&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilesians+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Bavarian_Geographer" title="Template:Bavarian Geographer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bavarian_Geographer" title="Template talk:Bavarian Geographer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bavarian_Geographer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bavarian Geographer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tribes_mentioned_in_the_Bavarian_Geographer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Slavic peoples">Tribes</a> mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Geographer" title="Bavarian Geographer">Bavarian Geographer</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obotrites" title="Obotrites">Nortabtrezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veleti" title="Veleti">Uilci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Linaa">Linaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethenici" title="Bethenici">Bethenici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeldingi" title="Smeldingi">Smeldingon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morizani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morizani (page does not exist)">Morizani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hevelli" title="Hevelli">Hehfeldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs_(tribe)" title="Sorbs (tribe)">Surbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomacze" class="mw-redirect" title="Glomacze">Talaminzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemians_(tribe)" title="Bohemians (tribe)">Beheimare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravians_(tribe)" title="Moravians (tribe)">Marharii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Uulgarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merehani" title="Merehani">Merehanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterabtrezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Osterabtrezi">Osterabtrezi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miloxi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Miloxi (page does not exist)">Miloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phesnuzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phesnuzi (page does not exist)">Phesnuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thadesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thadesi (page does not exist)">Thadesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goplans" title="Goplans">Glopeani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuireani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuireani (page does not exist)">Zuireani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzhans" title="Buzhans">Busani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sittici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sittici (page does not exist)">Sittici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadici (page does not exist)">Stadici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebbirozi" title="Sebbirozi">Sebbirozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulichs" title="Ulichs">Unlizi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neriuani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neriuani (page does not exist)">Neriuani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attorozi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Attorozi (page does not exist)">Attorozi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eptaradici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eptaradici (page does not exist)">Eptaradici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uuillerozi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uuillerozi (page does not exist)">Uuillerozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabrozi" title="Zabrozi">Zabrozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znetalici" title="Znetalici">Znetalici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aturezani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aturezani (page does not exist)">Aturezani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chozirozi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chozirozi">Chozirozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendians" title="Lendians">Lendizi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thafnezi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thafnezi (page does not exist)">Thafnezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeriuani" title="Zeriuani">Zeriuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prissani" title="Prissani">Prissani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolinians" title="Wolinians">Uelunzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Bruzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Uuizubeire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Caziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus&#39;">Ruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drevlians" title="Drevlians">Forsderen Liudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresiti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresiti (page does not exist)">Fresiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serauici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serauici (page does not exist)">Serauici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucolane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucolane (page does not exist)">Lucolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Ungare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistulans" title="Vistulans">Uuislane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sleenzane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lunsizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavs#West_Slavs_from_the_Bavarian_Geographer" title="West Slavs">Dadosesani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milceni" title="Milceni">Milzane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavs#West_Slavs_from_the_Bavarian_Geographer" title="West Slavs">Besunzane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wierzyca" title="Wierzyca">Uerizane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Fraganeo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupiglaa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupiglaa (page does not exist)">Lupiglaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opolans" title="Opolans">Opolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golensizi" title="Golensizi">Golensizi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The tribes are listed according to the original names and order</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_Slavic_ethnic_groups_(7th–12th_centuries)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Template:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Template talk:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_Slavic_ethnic_groups_(7th–12th_centuries)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Slavic peoples">Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Carpathian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radimichs" title="Radimichs">Radimichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Severians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivertsi" title="Tivertsi">Tivertsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulichs" title="Ulichs">Ulichs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyatichi" title="Vyatichi">Vyatichi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Slavs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Slavs (page does not exist)">Don Slavs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Донские славяне">ru</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeriuani" title="Zeriuani">Zeriuani</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolokhovians" title="Bolokhovians">Bolokhovians</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Dulebes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzhans" title="Buzhans">Buzhans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volhynians" title="Volhynians">Volhynians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drevlians" title="Drevlians">Drevlians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polans_(eastern)" title="Polans (eastern)">Polans </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dregoviches" title="Dregoviches">Dregoviches</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narevyans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Narevyans (page does not exist)">Narevyans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Наревяне">ru</a>&#93;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krivichs" title="Krivichs">Krivichs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polochans" title="Polochans">Polochans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pskov%27s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pskov&#39;s (page does not exist)">Pskov's</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Псковские кривичи">ru</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>'s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>'s</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Slavs" title="Novgorod Slavs">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merya_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Merya people">Merya</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromians">Muroma</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_tribes" title="Polish tribes">Polish tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goplans" title="Goplans">Goplans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendians" title="Lendians">Lendians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubuszans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubuszans (page does not exist)">Lubuszans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuszanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Lubuszanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masovians" title="Masovians">Masovians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polans_(western)" title="Polans (western)">Polans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradzans" title="Sieradzans">Sieradzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistulans" title="Vistulans">Vistulans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kujawians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kujawians (page does not exist)">Kujawians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujawianie" class="extiw" title="pl:Kujawianie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiercans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiercans (page does not exist)">Wiercans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiercanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Wiercanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thafnezi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thafnezi (page does not exist)">Thafnezi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thafnezi" class="extiw" title="pl:Thafnezi">pl</a>&#93;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Pomeranians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prissani" title="Prissani">Prissani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolinians" title="Wolinians">Wolinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincians" title="Slovincians">Slovincians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silesian_tribes" title="Silesian tribes">Silesian tribes</a><sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezunzans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezunzans (page does not exist)">Bezunzans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besunzane" class="extiw" title="de:Besunzane">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobrzanie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobrzanie">Bobrzans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Silesian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadosesani" title="Dadosesani">Dadosesani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golensizi" title="Golensizi">Golensizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opolans" title="Opolans">Opolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpoli" title="Selpoli">Selpoli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silesians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polabian_Slavs" title="Polabian Slavs">Polabian tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veleti" title="Veleti">Veleti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutici</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brizans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brizans (page does not exist)">Brizans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brze%C5%BCanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Brzeżanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circipania" title="Circipania">Circipania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessinians" title="Kessinians">Kessinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollensians" title="Tollensians">Tollensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxani" title="Doxani">Doxani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morzyczans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morzyczans (page does not exist)">Morzyczans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morzyczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Morzyczanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neletyches&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neletyches (page does not exist)">Neletyches</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieletycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Nieletycy">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rujani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redariers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Redariers (page does not exist)">Redariers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redarowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Redarowie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rechans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rechans (page does not exist)">Rechans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Rzeczanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprevane" title="Sprevane">Sprevane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hevelli" title="Hevelli">Hevelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrani" title="Ukrani">Ukrani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamcici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamcici (page does not exist)">Zamcici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamczycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Zamczycy">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemcici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemcici (page does not exist)">Zemcici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemczycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Ziemczycy">pl</a>&#93;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obotrites" title="Obotrites">Obotrites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethenici" title="Bethenici">Bethenici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drevani" title="Drevani">Drevani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linons" class="mw-redirect" title="Linons">Linons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reregs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reregs (page does not exist)">Reregs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reregowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Reregowie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeldingi" title="Smeldingi">Smeldingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagri" title="Wagri">Wagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnabi" title="Warnabi">Warnabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polabians_(tribe)" title="Polabians (tribe)">Polabians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khutices&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khutices (page does not exist)">Khutices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Chutycy">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomatians" title="Glomatians">Glomatians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koledices&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koledices (page does not exist)">Koledices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koledzice" class="extiw" title="pl:Koledzice">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatians_(tribe)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatians (tribe) (page does not exist)">Lusatians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81u%C5%BCyczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Łużyczanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milceni" title="Milceni">Milceni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suslowi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suslowi (page does not exist)">Suslowi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus%C5%82owie" class="extiw" title="pl:Susłowie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhirmunts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhirmunts (page does not exist)">Zhirmunts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByrmunty" class="extiw" title="pl:Żyrmunty">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhitices&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhitices (page does not exist)">Zhitices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBytyce" class="extiw" title="pl:Żytyce">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neletiches&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neletiches (page does not exist)">Neletiches</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieletycy" class="extiw" title="pl:Nieletycy">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizhices&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizhices (page does not exist)">Nizhices</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizice" class="extiw" title="pl:Nizice">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishans">Nishans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs_(tribe)" title="Sorbs (tribe)">Sorbs</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bohemians_(tribe)" title="Bohemians (tribe)">Czech tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">Bohemian Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dechans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dechans (page does not exist)">Dechans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Deczanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Bohemian Dulebes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemuzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemuzi (page does not exist)">Lemuzi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuzi" class="extiw" title="cs:Lemuzi">cs</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litomerici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Litomerici (page does not exist)">Litomerici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litomierzyce_(plemi%C4%99)" class="extiw" title="pl:Litomierzyce (plemię)">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luchans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luchans (page does not exist)">Luchans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="cs:Lučané">cs</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravians_(tribe)" title="Moravians (tribe)">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merehani" title="Merehani">Merehani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pshovans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pshovans (page does not exist)">Pshovans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%A1ovan%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="cs:Pšované">cs</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedlichans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedlichans (page does not exist)">Sedlichans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siedliczanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Siedliczanie">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlicans" title="Zlicans">Zlicans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hbans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hbans (page does not exist)">Hbans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гбани">uk</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domazhlici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Domazhlici (page does not exist)">Domazhlici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Домажличи">ru</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupiglians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupiglians (page does not exist)">Lupiglians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupiglaa" class="extiw" title="pl:Lupiglaa">pl</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znetalici" title="Znetalici">Znetalici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrians (page does not exist)">Nitrians</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrzanie" class="extiw" title="pl:Nitrzanie">pl</a>&#93;</span><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgarian tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Union of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Slavic_tribes" title="Seven Slavic tribes">Seven Slavic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Southern Severians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolyani" title="Smolyani">Smolyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymonites" title="Strymonites">Strymonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moratsi" title="Moratsi">Moratsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milcovci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milcovci (page does not exist)">Milcovci</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Мильковцы">ru</a>&#93;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drougoubitai" title="Drougoubitai">Drougoubitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezeritai" title="Ezeritai">Ezeritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melingoi" title="Melingoi">Melingoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagudates" title="Sagudates">Sagudates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiounitai" title="Baiounitai">Baiounitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belegezites" title="Belegezites">Belegezites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berziti" title="Berziti">Berziti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchinoi" title="Rhynchinoi">Rhynchinoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Alpine Slavs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carantanians" title="Carantanians">Carantanians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor_Slavs" title="Asia Minor Slavs">Asia Minor Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Slavs">Pannonian Slavs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dulebes" title="Dulebes">Pannonian Dulebes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guduscani" title="Guduscani">Guduscani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Diokletlians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merehani" title="Merehani">Moravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timo%C4%8Dani" title="Timočani">Timochans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devci" title="Braničevci">Branichevci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedenecenti" title="Praedenecenti">Praedenecenti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Notes</b> (ethnicity is undefined): <sup>1</sup> = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes</li> <li><sup>2</sup> = supposedly <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric</a> tribes</li> <li><sup>3</sup> = some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example <a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silings</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> = generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐l65hk Cached time: 20241122200921 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.600 seconds Real time usage: 0.721 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4915/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 106968/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2584/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 36/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34932/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.360/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16141675/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 639.962 1 -total 80.71% 516.535 10 Template:Navbox 27.37% 175.186 1 Template:Slavic_ethnic_groups_(VII-XII_century) 22.78% 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