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</ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Procopius (usurper)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A8)" title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Прокопий (узурпатор) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прокопий (узурпатор)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopi_(emperador)" title="Procopi (emperador) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Procopi (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Procopius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius_(Gegenkaiser)" title="Procopius (Gegenkaiser) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Procopius (Gegenkaiser)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82)" title="Προκόπιος (σφετεριστής) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προκόπιος (σφετεριστής)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopio_(usurpador)" title="Procopio (usurpador) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Procopio (usurpador)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokopio_(usurpatzailea)" title="Prokopio (usurpatzailea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Prokopio (usurpatzailea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A8)" title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procope_(usurpateur)" title="Procope (usurpateur) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Procope (usurpateur)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokopije_(uzurpator)" title="Prokopije (uzurpator) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prokopije (uzurpator)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopio_(usurpatore)" title="Procopio (usurpatore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Procopio (usurpatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius_(imperator)" title="Procopius (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Procopius (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بروكوبيوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروكوبيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius_(usurpator)" title="Procopius (usurpator) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Procopius (usurpator)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%83%94%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="プロコピウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロコピウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokopiusz" title="Prokopiusz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prokopiusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proc%C3%B3pio_(usurpador)" title="Procópio (usurpador) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Procópio (usurpador)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Procopius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Прокопий (узурпатор) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прокопий (узурпатор)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Прокопије (противцар) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прокопије (противцар)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokopije_(uzurpator)" title="Prokopije (uzurpator) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prokopije (uzurpator)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Procopius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Procopius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9_(%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Прокопій (узурпатор) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прокопій (узурпатор)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A8)" title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پروکوپیوس (غاصب)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="普罗科皮乌斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普罗科皮乌斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q316284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Procopius</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/220px-INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/330px-INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png/440px-INC-1866-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%9E%D0%BA._365%E2%80%94366_%D0%B3%D0%B3._%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%29.png 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="494" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">Solidus</a></i> depicting Procopius</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">usurper</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">28 September 365 – <br />27 May 366 (against <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Valens and Valentinian I</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 326<br /><a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 May 366 (aged 40)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wife</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Artemisia (probably)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Procopius</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Sister of <a href="/wiki/Basilina" title="Basilina">Basilina</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201317_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201317-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Procopius</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Προκόπιος; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 326 – 27 May 366) was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Roman usurper</a> against <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Procopius was a native of <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> and born in <a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus</a> around the year 326.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his mother's side, Procopius was a maternal cousin to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian</a>, since their maternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Julius_Julianus" title="Julius Julianus">Julius Julianus</a>. His first wife was probably Artemisia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris111–112_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris111–112-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman general of the 5th century <a href="/wiki/Procopius_(magister_militum)" title="Procopius (magister militum)">Procopius</a> and his son, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a>, were among his descendants, the first being the son of his son Procopius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a>, he served as <i>tribunus et notarius</i> for a long period of time. By 358, the emperor trusted him enough to send him with <a href="/wiki/Lucillianus_(magister_equitum)" title="Lucillianus (magister equitum)">Lucillianus</a> as an envoy to the Sassanid court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His career granted him the opportunity to build many important connections, as well as to help him understand the structure of the imperial government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201339_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201339-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persian_campaign">Persian campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Persian campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Julian departed from Constantinople in the spring of 362, his objective was clear: to launch a swift, decisive campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> rather than engage in a prolonged war. His primary aim was to strike directly at the Sassanid capital <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a> and force <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> into a battle or negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius entered Julian's retinue and took part in his campaign against the Sassanids in 363.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199889_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199889-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving Antioch on March 5, 363, Julian’s army quickly crossed the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates river</a>, gathering at <a href="/wiki/Carrhae" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrhae">Carrhae</a> shortly thereafter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Into_enemy_territory">Into enemy territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Into enemy territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, Procopius was entrusted with fortifying Roman defenses in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. Tasked with leading a force of around 30,000 men, Procopius and his subordinate, <a href="/wiki/Sebastianus_(magister_peditum)" title="Sebastianus (magister peditum)">Sebastianus</a>, were stationed to defend key positions along the Upper <a href="/wiki/Tigris_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris River">Tigris River</a>, anticipating an advance from <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" title="Military of the Sasanian Empire">Shapur’s forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius was tasked with coordinating Roman defensive efforts in the east, specifically working with King <a href="/wiki/Arsaces_II_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsaces II of Armenia">Arsaces II of Armenia</a> to secure the strategically vital <a href="/wiki/Bitlis_District" title="Bitlis District">Bitlis Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius' efforts were vital in securing the eastern front and preparing for the Persian response to Julian's offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Procopius prepared for the possibility of advancing his troops southward to join with Emperor Julian’s soldiers in Assyria.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This location was crucial for controlling access between the Roman and Persian spheres of influence, and its defense was integral to safeguarding the Roman presence in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a display of military strategy, Emperor Julian led a formidable force of 65,000 soldiers down the Euphrates River within just eight weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Julian was fatally injured in a skirmish on June 26, bringing an abrupt end to the ill-fated campaign. When Procopius reached the main Roman army near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thilsaphata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thilsaphata (page does not exist)">Thilsaphata</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Nisibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisibis">Nisibis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singara" title="Singara">Singara</a>, he met the new emperor, <a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Julian had died without naming a successor,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004518_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004518-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a rumor spread that he had ordered Procopius to take the purple in case of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199889_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199889-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearing Jovian's wrath, which had caused the death of another army candidate to the throne (Jovianus),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris460–461_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris460–461-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius went into hiding, but later supervised the transport of Julian's body to <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a> and its subsequent burial,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201318_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201318-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and only later went to Caesarea with his family.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Jovian's death, the new emperors, <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>, sent some soldiers to arrest Procopius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004522_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004522-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He surrendered, but asked to meet his family; he had his captors dine and drink, and then seized the opportunity to flee with his family, first to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and later to the <a href="/wiki/Tauric_Chersonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauric Chersonese">Tauric Chersonese</a>, where they hid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201340_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201340-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Procopius lived in constant fear of betrayal or exposure, and decided to go to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, the Empire's capital, to ask Strategius for help.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Procopius_(usurper)_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg/440px-Coin_of_Procopius_%28usurper%29_minted_in_Constantinople.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">Solidus</a></i> of Procopius minted in Constantinople, AD 365, Procopius in military dress standing facing right, holding spear in right hand, resting left hand on shield set on ground: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">spes <abbr title="">D N PROCO PIVS P F AVG</abbr></span> ("<i>Procopius Augustus</i>")</figcaption></figure> <p>Becoming aware of discontent caused by the policies of Valens's praetorian prefect and father-in-law, Petronius,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201340_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201340-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris691_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris691-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius decided to declare himself Emperor. He bribed two legions which were then resting at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to support his efforts, and took control of the imperial city. Shortly after this he proclaimed himself Emperor on 28 September 365, and quickly took control of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199890_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199890-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procopius promoted himself as an educated philosopher, well versed in the Greek language of the Eastern Empire, and highlighted Valens's weakness in this area, to gain the support of the Hellenized Eastern aristocrats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELenski200392–96_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELenski200392–96-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also emphasized his link to the Constantinian dynasty by appearing in public with Constantius II’s widow <a href="/wiki/Faustina_(wife_of_Constantius_II)" title="Faustina (wife of Constantius II)">Faustina</a> and their daughter <a href="/wiki/Constantia_(wife_of_Gratian)" title="Constantia (wife of Gratian)">Constantia</a>, an act which Ammianus considered to have earned him greater support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201342_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201342-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Valens initially despaired of subduing the rebellion, and was inclined to come to terms with the usurper, he quickly rallied, guided by the counsels of <a href="/wiki/Salutius" title="Salutius">Salutius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arintheus" title="Arintheus">Arintheus</a>, and the superior ability of his generals prevailed in two battles at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thyatira" title="Battle of Thyatira">Thyatira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nacolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacolia">Nacolia</a> where Procopius's forces were defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fled the battlefield, and was for a while a fugitive in the wilds of <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>, but was soon betrayed to Valens due to the treachery of his two generals Agilonius and <a href="/wiki/Gomoarius" title="Gomoarius">Gomoarius</a>, he was captured. Valens had his rival executed on 27 May 366<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through beheading.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199891_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199891-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004525_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004525-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His head was then sent to Valens's elder brother and co-emperor Valentinian I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201348_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201348-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">List of Roman usurpers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201317-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201317_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Procopius">"Procopius"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Procopius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FProcopius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris742–743_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesMartindaleMorris">Jones, Martindale & Morris</a>, pp. 742–743.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris111–112-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris111–112_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesMartindaleMorris">Jones, Martindale & Morris</a>, pp. 111–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201339-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201339_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacey2016" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Jim (2016). <i>Great Strategic Rivalries: From the Classical World to the Cold War</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">137–</span>138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062046-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062046-2"><bdi>978-0-19-062046-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Strategic+Rivalries%3A+From+the+Classical+World+to+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062046-2&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199889-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199889_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199889_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurran1998">Curran 1998</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1989" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, John (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hZqgAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Roman Empire of Ammianus</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-3965-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-3965-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-3965-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire+of+Ammianus&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-3965-8&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhZqgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacey2016" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Jim (2016). <i>Great Strategic Rivalries: From the Classical World to the Cold War</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">137–</span>138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062046-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062046-2"><bdi>978-0-19-062046-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Strategic+Rivalries%3A+From+the+Classical+World+to+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062046-2&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">François Paschoud, <i>Zosime. Histoire Nouvelle</i> (Paris: Société d'édition "Les Belles Lettres," 1979), II.1, n. 33, pp. 106–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004518-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004518_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2004">Potter 2004</a>, p. 518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris460–461-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris460–461_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesMartindaleMorris">Jones, Martindale & Morris</a>, pp. 460–461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201318-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201318_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Philostorgius" title="Philostorgius">Philostorgius</a>, since his wife could not bear their escape, Procopius went to Caesarea, but to live in one of Eunomius's properties (<i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> 9.5).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004522-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004522_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2004">Potter 2004</a>, p. 522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201340-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201340_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201340_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris691-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesMartindaleMorris691_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesMartindaleMorris">Jones, Martindale & Morris</a>, p. 691.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199890-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199890_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurran1998">Curran 1998</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELenski200392–96-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELenski200392–96_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLenski2003">Lenski 2003</a>, pp. 92–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201342-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201342_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a>,<i>The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire</i>, (The Modern Library, 1932), chap. XXV., p. 852, 853</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurran199891-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurran199891_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurran1998">Curran 1998</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2004525-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2004525_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2004">Potter 2004</a>, p. 525.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes201348-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes201348_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes 2013</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurran1998" class="citation book cs1">Curran, John (1998). "From Jovian to Theodosius". In <a href="/wiki/Averil_Cameron" title="Averil Cameron">Averil Cameron</a> & <a href="/wiki/Peter_Garnsey" title="Peter Garnsey">Peter Garnsey</a> (eds.). <a href="//archive.org/details/the-cambridge-ancient-history-volume-13/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:the-cambridge-ancient-history-volume-13/mode/1up"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History XIII: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-30200-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-30200-5"><bdi>0-521-30200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Jovian+to+Theodosius&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History+XIII%3A+The+Late+Empire%2C+A.D.+337%E2%80%93425&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-30200-5&rft.aulast=Curran&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2013" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Ian (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H5b9AwAAQBAJ"><i>Imperial Brothers: Valentinian, Valens and the Disaster at Adrianople</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2863-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2863-6"><bdi>978-1-4738-2863-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Brothers%3A+Valentinian%2C+Valens+and+the+Disaster+at+Adrianople&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-2863-6&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH5b9AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonesMartindaleMorris" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._H._M._Jones" title="A. H. M. Jones">Jones, A. H. M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Martindale" title="John Robert Martindale">J. R. Martindale</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">J. Morris</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prosopography-later-roman-empire/PLRE-I"><i>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</i></a>. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-07233-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-07233-6"><bdi>0-521-07233-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-521-07233-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A.+H.+M.&rft.au=J.+R.+Martindale&rft.au=J.+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprosopography-later-roman-empire%2FPLRE-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLenski2003" class="citation book cs1">Lenski, Noel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uvXo39xOV8kC"><i>Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.</i></a> Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-23332-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-23332-8"><bdi>0-520-23332-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Failure+of+Empire%3A+Valens+and+the+Roman+State+in+the+Fourth+Century+A.D.&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-520-23332-8&rft.aulast=Lenski&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuvXo39xOV8kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPotter2004" class="citation book cs1">Potter, David S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanempireatbay0000pott"><i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-10057-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-10057-7"><bdi>0-415-10057-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire+at+Bay%3A+AD+180%E2%80%93395&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-10057-7&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanempireatbay0000pott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcopius+%28usurper%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procopius_(usurper)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperors</a> and empresses regnant</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–284</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_(Roman_emperor)" title="Philip II (Roman emperor)">Philip II</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Volusianus" title="Volusianus">Volusianus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Silbannacus" title="Silbannacus">Silbannacus</a></u> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Saloninus" title="Saloninus">Saloninus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a><br />284–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II" title="Severus II">Severus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinian_(emperor)" title="Martinian (emperor)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)" title="Constantine II (emperor)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans" title="Constans">Constans I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nepotianus" title="Nepotianus">Nepotianus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Procopius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Victor_(emperor)" title="Victor (emperor)">Victor</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a></u></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–476</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius" title="Honorius">Honorius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)" title="Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)">Constantine III</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Priscus_Attalus" title="Priscus Attalus">Priscus Attalus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Joannes" title="Joannes">Joannes</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Petronius_Maximus" title="Petronius Maximus">Petronius Maximus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Avitus" title="Avitus">Avitus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Severus III</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus)">Marcus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice)">Theodosius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />641–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_Constantine" title="Heraclius Constantine">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclonas" title="Heraclonas">Heraclonas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/David_(son_of_Heraclius)" title="David (son of Heraclius)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius" title="Leontius">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_III" title="Tiberius III">Tiberius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus" title="Philippicus">Philippicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II_(emperor)" title="Anastasius II (emperor)">Anastasius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_III" title="Theodosius III">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)">Nikephoros</a></u></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar" title="Leo IV the Khazar">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I Rangabe</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)" title="Constantine (son of Leo V)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)" title="Constantine (son of Theophilos)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora (II)</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(daughter_of_Theophilos)" title="Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)">Thekla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Basil_I)" title="Constantine (son of Basil I)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Romanos_Lekapenos_(grandson_of_Romanos_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos Lekapenos (grandson of Romanos I)">Romanos</a></i> (?), <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VIII" title="Constantine VIII">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_III_Argyros" title="Romanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VI_Bringas" title="Michael VI Bringas">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Diogenes" title="Leo Diogenes">Leo</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Diogenes" title="Nikephoros Diogenes">Nikephoros</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII Doukas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)">Andronikos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantios_Doukas" title="Konstantios Doukas">Konstantios</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_Angelos" title="Alexios IV Angelos">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Laskaris_(son_of_Theodore_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Laskaris (son of Theodore I)">Nicholas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Vatatzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John III Vatatzes">John III Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Montferrat" title="Irene of Montferrat">Irene</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy" title="Anna of Savoy">Anna</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos">Matthew</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos" title="John VII Palaiologos">John VII Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_V_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos">Andronikos V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic emperors</a> (260–274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs" title="List of Palmyrene monarchs">Palmyrene emperors</a> (271–273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Britannic emperors</a> (286–296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trapezuntine_emperors" title="List of Trapezuntine emperors">Trapezuntine emperors</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonian emperors</a> (1224–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurpers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316284#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000375183334">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122230604">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/389580/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCVjP7bcvpt6RjqvjQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97033031">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810630346805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/294227">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007436643705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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