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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_am.wikipedia.org&uselang=am" class=""><span>መዋጮ ለመስጠት</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>የብዕር ስም ለማውጣት</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB" title="በብዕር ስም መግባትዎ ጠቃሚ ቢሆንም አስፈላጊ አይደለም [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ለመግባት</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="የኔ መሣርያዎች" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">የኔ መሣርያዎች</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_am.wikipedia.org&uselang=am"><span>መዋጮ ለመስጠት</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>የብዕር ስም ለማውጣት</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB" title="በብዕር ስም መግባትዎ ጠቃሚ ቢሆንም አስፈላጊ አይደለም [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ለመግባት</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%B3:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#ዓይነቶች"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ዓይነቶች</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ዓይነቶች-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ሱፐርኖቫስ_እና_ህይወት" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ሱፐርኖቫስ_እና_ህይወት"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ሱፐርኖቫስ እና ህይወት</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ሱፐርኖቫስ_እና_ህይወት-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-አስፈላጊ_ሱፐርኖቫስ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#አስፈላጊ_ሱፐርኖቫስ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>አስፈላጊ ሱፐርኖቫስ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-አስፈላጊ_ሱፐርኖቫስ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-በምድር_ላይ_ተጽእኖዎች" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ሱፐርኖቫ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – አፍሪካንኛ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="አፍሪካንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – አራጎንስ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="አራጎንስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अधिनवतारा – አንጊካ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अधिनवतारा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="አንጊካ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="مستعر أعظم – ዓረብኛ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعر أعظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ዓረብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7" title="سوبرنوڤا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوبرنوڤا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – አስቱሪያን" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="አስቱሪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0frat_yeni_ulduz" title="İfrat yeni ulduz – አዘርባጃንኛ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfrat yeni ulduz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="አዘርባጃንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Звышновая зорка – ቤላራሻኛ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Звышновая зорка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ቤላራሻኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Свръхнова – ቡልጋሪኛ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свръхнова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ቡልጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="सुपरनोवा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सुपरनोवा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="অতিনবতারা – ቤንጋሊኛ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অতিনবতারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ቤንጋሊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ቦስኒያንኛ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ቦስኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ካታላንኛ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ካታላንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86" title="نوێبوونەوەی مەزن – የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نوێبوونەوەی مەزن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ቼክኛ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ቼክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр – ቹቫሽ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ቹቫሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ዴኒሽ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ዴኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ጀርመንኛ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Υπερκαινοφανής αστέρας – ግሪክኛ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερκαινοφανής αστέρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ግሪክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ምርጥ ፅሑፎች"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – እንግሊዝኛ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="እንግሊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovao" title="Supernovao – ኤስፐራንቶ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Supernovao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ኤስፐራንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ስፓኒሽ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ስፓኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoova" title="Supernoova – ኢስቶኒያንኛ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Supernoova" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ኢስቶኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ምርጥ ፅሑፎች"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba – ባስክኛ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ባስክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ابرنواختر – ፐርሺያኛ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابرنواختر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ፐርሺያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ፊኒሽ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ፊኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ፈረንሳይኛ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ፈረንሳይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ፍሩሊያን" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ፍሩሊያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olln%C3%B3va" title="Ollnóva – አይሪሽ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollnóva" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="አይሪሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip%C3%A8rnova" title="Sipèrnova – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sipèrnova" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ጋሊሽያዊ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ጋሊሽያዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="סופרנובה – ዕብራይስጥ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופרנובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ዕብራይስጥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="महानोवा – ሒንዱኛ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महानोवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ሒንዱኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ክሮሽያንኛ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ክሮሽያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip%C3%A8nova" title="Sipènova – ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sipènova" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szupern%C3%B3va" title="Szupernóva – ሀንጋሪኛ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szupernóva" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ሀንጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերնոր աստղեր – አርመናዊ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերնոր աստղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="አርመናዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ኢንቴርሊንጓ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ኢንቴርሊንጓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovo" title="Supernovo – ኢዶ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Supernovo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ኢዶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprengistjarna" title="Sprengistjarna – አይስላንድኛ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sprengistjarna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="አይስላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ጣሊያንኛ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ጣሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 – ጃፓንኛ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ጃፓንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syuupanuova" title="Syuupanuova – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Syuupanuova" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ጃቫኒዝ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ጃቫኒዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ზეახალი ვარსკვლავი – ጆርጂያዊ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზეახალი ვარსკვლავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ጆርጂያዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Ғаламатжұлдыз – ካዛክኛ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғаламатжұлдыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ካዛክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸೂಪರ್‌ನೋವಾ – ካናዳ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೂಪರ್‌ನೋವಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ካናዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="초신성 – ኮሪያኛ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초신성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ኮሪያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ላቲንኛ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ላቲንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሉክሰምበርግኛ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ሉክሰምበርግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሊምቡርጊሽ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ሊምቡርጊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሉቴንያንኛ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ሉቴንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81rnova" title="Pārnova – ላትቪያን" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārnova" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ላትቪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinta-mazavabe" title="Kinta-mazavabe – ማላጋስይ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kinta-mazavabe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ማላጋስይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Супернова – ሜቄዶንኛ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Супернова" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ሜቄዶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="സൂപ്പർനോവ – ማላያላም" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂപ്പർനോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ማላያላም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अतिनवतारा – ማራቲ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अतिनवतारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ማራቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ማላይ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ማላይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC" title="စူပါနိုဗာ – ቡርማኛ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စူပါနိုဗာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ቡርማኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ደች" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ደች" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supern%C3%B2va" title="Supernòva – ኦሲታን" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Supernòva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ኦሲታን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੁਪਰਨੋਵਾ – ፑንጃብኛ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਪਰਨੋਵਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ፑንጃብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernowa" title="Supernowa – ፖሊሽ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Supernowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ፖሊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپرنووا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپرنووا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ستورو لویه چاودنه – ፓሽቶ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ستورو لویه چاودنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ፓሽቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ፖርቹጋልኛ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ፖርቹጋልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ምርጥ ፅሑፎች"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernov%C4%83" title="Supernovă – ሮማኒያኛ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supernovă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ሮማኒያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сверхновая звезда – ራሽያኛ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сверхновая звезда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ራሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሲሲሊያንኛ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ሲሲሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپر نووا – ሲንዲ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سپر نووا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ሲንዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="සුපර්නෝවා – ሲንሃላ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුපර්නෝවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ሲንሃላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ስሎቫክኛ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቫክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ስሎቬንኛ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yjet_Supernova" title="Yjet Supernova – አልባንያንኛ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Yjet Supernova" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="አልባንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሰርብያኛ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ሰርብያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ሱዳንኛ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ሱዳንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ስዊድንኛ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ስዊድንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மீயொளிர் விண்மீன் வெடிப்பு – ታሚል" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மீயொளிர் விண்மீன் வெடிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ታሚል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE" title="సూపర్ నోవా – ተሉጉ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సూపర్ నోవా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ተሉጉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="มหานวดารา – ታይ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหานวดารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ታይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba – ታጋሎገኛ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ታጋሎገኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCpernova" title="Süpernova – ቱርክኛ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süpernova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%8F%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Үтә яңа йолдыз – ታታር" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үтә яңа йолдыз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ታታር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_a_%C9%9By%C9%9B_nwonwa" title="Supernova a ɛyɛ nwonwa – ትዊኛ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Supernova a ɛyɛ nwonwa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ትዊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Наднова – ዩክሬንኛ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наднова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ዩክሬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپر نووا – ኡርዱኛ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپر نووا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ኡርዱኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova – ኡዝቤክኛ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ኡዝቤክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ምርጥ ፅሑፎች"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_t%C3%A2n_tinh" title="Siêu tân tinh – ቪየትናምኛ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siêu tân tinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ቪየትናምኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba – ዋራይ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ዋራይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 – ዉ ቻይንኛ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ዉ ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="სუპერნოვა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუპერნოვა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 – ቻይንኛ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 – ካንቶኒዝ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ካንቶኒዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3937#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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ጋላክሲ ኮከቦች ናቸው።"><img alt="Photograph of supernova in another galaxy. The supernova is pointed by the arrow. The other bright spots are stars of our own galaxy that happen to be in front of the other galaxy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/SN2005cs.jpg/300px-SN2005cs.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/SN2005cs.jpg/450px-SN2005cs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/SN2005cs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption> በሌላ ጋላክሲ ውስጥ የሱፐርኖቫ ፎቶግራፍ። ሱፐርኖቫው በቀስት ይጠቁማል. ሌሎቹ ብሩህ ቦታዎች ከሌላው ጋላክሲ ፊት ለፊት ያሉ የራሳችን ጋላክሲ ኮከቦች ናቸው።</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ሱፐርኖቫ</b> የግዙፉ ኮከብ ፍንዳታ ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚከሰተው በኮከብ ውስጥ ያለው የኑክሌር ውህደት ዋናውን ከራሱ የስበት ኃይል ጋር መያዝ በማይችልበት ጊዜ ነው። <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ዋናው ይወድቃል፣ እና ከዚያ ይፈነዳል። </p><p>ሱፐርኖቫን የሚሠሩት ትላልቅ ኮከቦች ሃይፐር ጂያንት ሲሆኑ ትናንሾቹ ደግሞ ሱፐር ጋይንት ናቸው። እነሱ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%9D%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="ግዝፈት">ግዙፍ</a> ናቸው፡ በስበት <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ግስበት">ኃይል</a> ምክንያት ኃይላቸውን በፍጥነት ይጠቀማሉ። በተለምዶ የሚኖሩት ለጥቂት ሚሊዮን ዓመታት ብቻ ነው. </p><p>በፍንዳታው ወቅት፣ በሱፐርኖቫ የሚመነጨው አጠቃላይ ሃይል <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%A8%E1%8C%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ረጨት">የጋላክሲውን</a> አጠቃላይ ውጤት በአጭሩ ሊያልፍ ይችላል። በፀሐይ መሰል ኮከብ ዕድሜ ልክ ኃይልን ያመነጫሉ ። <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ፍንዳታው እስከ 30,000 ኪሎ ሜትር በሰአት ወይም በብርሃን ፍጥነት 10% የሚሆነውን የከዋክብት ቁሳቁሱን ከኮከቡ ይርቃል። <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ይህ የድንጋጤ ማዕበልን ወደ አካባቢው ኢንተርስቴላር መካከለኛ ያደርገዋል። ይህ እንደ ሱፐርኖቫ ቀሪዎች የምንመለከታቸው የጋዝ እና የአቧራ ቅርፊት እየሰፋ ይሄዳል። ከተፈነዳ በኋላ የቀረው ጥቁር ጉድጓድ ወይም የኒውትሮን ኮከብ ይሆናል. </p><p>አብዛኞቹ ኮከቦች ትንሽ ናቸው እና አይፈነዱም. ከቀይ ግዙፉ ደረጃቸው በኋላ እየቀዘቀዙ እና እየቀነሱ እና ነጭ ድንክ ኮከቦች ይሆናሉ። <sup id="cite_ref-nasa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>የሱፐርኖቫ ፍንዳታዎች እምብዛም አይከሰቱም. ለመጨረሻ ጊዜ ሰዎች በራሳችን <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%A8%E1%8C%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ረጨት">ጋላክሲ</a> ውስጥ ሱፐርኖቫ ያዩት <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AA_%E1%8B%8C%E1%8B%AD" title="ሚልኪ ዌይ">ፍኖተ ሐሊብ</a> በ <a href="/wiki/1604_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." class="mw-disambig" title="1604 እ.ኤ.አ.">1604</a> ዓ.ም. በሌሎች ጋላክሲዎች ውስጥ ሱፐርኖቫስን ማየት እንችላለን። በሌሎች ጋላክሲዎች ውስጥ በየዓመቱ 300 ሱፐርኖቫዎችን እናያለን, ምክንያቱም ብዙ ጋላክሲዎች አሉ. አንዳንድ ጊዜ ከጠቅላላው የጋላክሲው ክፍል የበለጠ ብሩህ ናቸው. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ዓይነቶች"><span id=".E1.8B.93.E1.8B.AD.E1.8A.90.E1.89.B6.E1.89.BD"></span>ዓይነቶች</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ዓይነቶች ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ለማስተካከል</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ዓይነቶች"><span>ኮድ አርም</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ሱፐርኖቫስ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ወደ <b>ዓይነት I</b> እና <b>ዓይነት II</b> ሱፐርኖቫስ ይከፋፈላል። <sup id="cite_ref-gsu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>ዓይነት I</b> ሱፐርኖቫዎች በውስጣቸው <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ሀይድሮጅን">ሃይድሮጂን</a> እንደሌላቸው የሚያሳዩ የመምጠጥ መስመሮች አሏቸው። <b>ዓይነት Ia</b> supernovas ለአጭር ጊዜ በጣም ብሩህ ናቸው. ከዚያም በጣም በፍጥነት ያነሰ ብሩህ ይሆናሉ. የ Ia supernovas አይነት የሚከሰተው ነጭ ድንክ ኮከብ አንድ ትልቅ ኮከብ ሲዞር ነው። አንዳንድ ጊዜ ነጭው ድንክ ኮከብ <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%81%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ቁስ አካል">ጉዳዩን</a> ከትልቅ ኮከብ ያጠባል. ነጭው ድንክ ከጊዜ በኋላ ከፀሐይ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%9D%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="ግዝፈት">ክብደት</a> 1.4 እጥፍ ገደማ ሲደርስ <a class="external text" href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/collapse">ይወድቃል</a> ። ይህ ብዙ ኃይል እና ብርሃን ይፈጥራል, ለዚህም ነው ሱፐርኖቫስ በጣም ብሩህ የሆነው. ዓይነት 1a በአብዛኛው ተመሳሳይ ብሩህነት አላቸው። ይህም ወደ አስተናጋጅ ጋላክሲዎቻቸው ያለውን ርቀት ለመለካት እንደ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ መደበኛ ሻማ እንዲጠቀሙ ያስችላቸዋል. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>ዓይነት II</b> ሱፐርኖቫዎች በውስጣቸው ሃይድሮጂን እንዳለ የሚያሳዩ የመምጠጥ መስመሮች አሏቸው። አንድ ኮከብ ቢያንስ 8 ጊዜ, እና ከ 40-50 ጊዜ ያልበለጠ, የፀሐይን ብዛት ለዚህ አይነት ፍንዳታ ሊኖረው ይገባል. <sup id="cite_ref-science304_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science304-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>እንደ ፀሐይ ባለ ኮከብ ውስጥ የኑክሌር ውህደት <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ሀይድሮጅን">ሃይድሮጅን</a> ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%92%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሒሊየም">ሂሊየም</a> ይለውጠዋል. በትላልቅ ኮከቦች ውስጥ, <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%92%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሒሊየም">ሂሊየም</a> ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ካርቦን">ካርቦን</a>, ከዚያም <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ኦክሲጅን">ኦክሲጅን</a>, ወዘተ ይለወጣል. ኮከቡ <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ብረት">የብረት</a> እና <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%AC%E1%88%8D" title="ኒኬል">የኒኬል</a> እምብርት እስኪፈጠር ድረስ ከጊዜ ወደ ጊዜ እየጨመረ የሚሄደውን የጅምላ ንጥረ ነገሮችን ያዋህዳል። የብረት ወይም የኒኬል ውህደት ምንም የተጣራ የኃይል ውጤት አያመጣም, ስለዚህ ምንም ተጨማሪ ውህደት ሊፈጠር አይችልም. ከመዋሃድ ሂደት የሚወጣው ሃይል ሲደበዝዝ የስበት ውድቀትን መቋቋም አይችልም። የኮር መውደቅ በጣም ፈጣን ነው (የብርሃን ፍጥነት 23% ገደማ) ከፍተኛ አስደንጋጭ ሞገድ ይፈጠራል። ከብረት የበለጠ ክብደት ያላቸው ንጥረ ነገሮች በሚፈጠሩበት ጊዜ እጅግ በጣም ከፍተኛ የሙቀት መጠን እና ግፊት ለአጭር ጊዜ በቂ ጊዜ ይቆያል። <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> በኮከቡ የመጀመሪያ መጠን ላይ በመመርኮዝ የዋናው ቅሪቶች የኒውትሮን ኮከብ ወይም ጥቁር ጉድጓድ ይፈጥራሉ . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ሱፐርኖቫስ_እና_ህይወት"><span id=".E1.88.B1.E1.8D.90.E1.88.AD.E1.8A.96.E1.89.AB.E1.88.B5_.E1.8A.A5.E1.8A.93_.E1.88.85.E1.8B.AD.E1.8B.88.E1.89.B5"></span>ሱፐርኖቫስ እና ህይወት</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="ሱፐርኖቫስ እና ህይወት ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ለማስተካከል</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: ሱፐርኖቫስ እና ህይወት"><span>ኮድ አርም</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ያለ ሱፐርኖቫስ በምድር ላይ ሕይወት አይኖርም ነበር. ምክንያቱም ብዙዎቹ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ንጥረ ነገር">የኬሚካላዊ ንጥረ ነገሮች</a> በሱፐርኖቫ ፍንዳታዎች ውስጥ ተሠርተዋል. እነዚህም "ከባድ ንጥረ ነገሮች" ይባላሉ. ሕይወት ያላቸውን ነገሮች ለመሥራት ከባድ ንጥረ ነገሮች ያስፈልጋሉ። ሱፐርኖቫ ብቸኛው ተፈጥሯዊ መንገድ ነው ከባድ ንጥረ ነገሮች ሊሠሩ የሚችሉት . ሌሎች ንጥረ ነገሮች የተፈጠሩት በከዋክብት ውህደት ነው። ከባድ ንጥረ ነገሮች እንዲፈጠሩ በጣም ከፍተኛ ሙቀት እና ግፊት ያስፈልጋቸዋል. በማቾ ሱፐርኖቫ ፍንዳታ የሙቀት መጠኑ እና ግፊቱ በጣም ከፍተኛ ስለሆነ ከባድ ንጥረ ነገሮች ሊፈጠሩ ይችላሉ። ሳይንቲስቶች ይህን <i>ሱፐርኖቫ ኑክሊዮሲንተሲስ</i> ብለው ይጠሩታል። </p><p>የሱፐርኖቫ ፍንዳታ ወደ ምድር በጣም ቅርብ ከሆነ አደገኛ ሊሆን ይችላል. ፍንዳታው በጣም ትልቅ ነው እና ብዙ አይነት አደገኛ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%A8%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AB" title="ጨረራ">ጨረሮች</a> ተፈጥረዋል. ግን መፍራት የለብንም. በጣም ትላልቅ ኮከቦች ብቻ እንደ ሱፐርኖቫስ ሊፈነዱ ይችላሉ. በመሬት አቅራቢያ ምንም ትልቅ ከዋክብት የሉም እና ቢኖሩ ኖሮ ለመከሰቱ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠሩ ዓመታት ይወስዳል። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="አስፈላጊ_ሱፐርኖቫስ"><span id=".E1.8A.A0.E1.88.B5.E1.8D.88.E1.88.8B.E1.8C.8A_.E1.88.B1.E1.8D.90.E1.88.AD.E1.8A.96.E1.89.AB.E1.88.B5"></span>አስፈላጊ ሱፐርኖቫስ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="አስፈላጊ ሱፐርኖቫስ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ለማስተካከል</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: አስፈላጊ ሱፐርኖቫስ"><span>ኮድ አርም</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SN 1572 በታይኮ ብራሄ ታይቷል። ይህ ሱፐርኖቫ የስነ ፈለክ ተመራማሪዎች በጠፈር ላይ ያሉ ነገሮች ሊለወጡ እንደሚችሉ እንዲያውቁ ረድቷቸዋል። <sup id="cite_ref-sciencedaily_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedaily-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SN 1604 <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%90%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A8%E1%8D%95%E1%88%88%E1%88%AD" title="ዮሐንስ ከፕለር">በጆሃንስ ኬፕለር</a> ታይቷል። ያለ <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8C%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%8D%95" title="ቴሌስኮፕ">ቴሌስኮፕ</a> ከምድር ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ ክበብ ለመመልከት የመጨረሻው ሱፐርኖቫ ነበር. <sup id="cite_ref-seds_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seds-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SN 1987A ብቸኛው ሱፐርኖቫ ነው, በጣም ቅርብ ከመሆኑ የተነሳ ሳይንቲስቶች ኒውትሪኖስን ከእሱ ማግኘት ይችላሉ. <sup id="cite_ref-uci_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uci-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SN 1987A ደግሞ ያለ ቴሌስኮፕ ለማየት በቂ ብሩህ ነበር። በደቡባዊ ንፍቀ ክበብ የሚኖሩ ሰዎች አይተውታል። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="በምድር_ላይ_ተጽእኖዎች"><span id=".E1.89.A0.E1.88.9D.E1.8B.B5.E1.88.AD_.E1.88.8B.E1.8B.AD_.E1.89.B0.E1.8C.BD.E1.8A.A5.E1.8A.96.E1.8B.8E.E1.89.BD"></span>በምድር ላይ ተጽእኖዎች</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="በምድር ላይ ተጽእኖዎች ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ለማስተካከል</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: በምድር ላይ ተጽእኖዎች"><span>ኮድ አርም</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ምድር ያለፉት ሱፐርኖቫዎች አሻራዎች አሏት። የራዲዮአክቲቭ ብረት -60, የሱፐርኖቫ ፍርስራሽ ጠንካራ አመላካች, በመላው ዓለም በባህር ወለል ውስጥ ተቀብሯል. </p><p>"አካባቢያዊ አረፋ" 600 የብርሃን ዓመታት ርቀት ያለው ሙቅ ጋዝ ያለው ፊኛ ክልል ነው። <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8D%80%E1%88%90%E1%8B%AD_%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%93%E1%89%B0_%E1%8D%88%E1%88%88%E1%8A%AD" title="የፀሐይ ሥርዓተ ፈለክ">የፀሃይ ስርአትን</a> ይከብባል እና የከዋክብት ሰፈርን ይቆጣጠራል። በአቅራቢያው በሚገኝ ተንቀሳቃሽ የከዋክብት ስብስብ ውስጥ በፈነዳው ከደርዘን በላይ ሱፐርኖቫዎች የተፈጠረ ነው። ይህ የሆነው ከ2.3 ሚሊዮን እስከ 1.5 ሚሊዮን ዓመታት በፊት ነው። <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ይህ ከፕሊስቶሴን የበረዶ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ጋር ይዛመዳል። ግንኙነቱ በአጋጣሚ ሊሆን ይችላል. </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">This is the cause of all types of supernova except type Ia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Giacobbe, Frederick W. 2005. How a Type II supernova explodes. <i>Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics</i> <b>2</b> (6): 30–38. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Heger, Alexander <i>et al</i> 2003. How massive single stars end their life. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>591</b>: 288. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tyler, Pat (26 June 2003). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html">Supernova</a>". NASA HEASARC: Education and Public Information.  በ29 January 2013 የተወሰደ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gsu-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gsu_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/snovcn.html">Supernovae</a>". Georgia State University.  በ29 January 2013 የተወሰደ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Colgate, Stirling A. (1979). 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