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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Landak+laut" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Landak+laut" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Landak+laut" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Keberagaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keberagaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Keberagaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keberagaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deskripsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deskripsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Deskripsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deskripsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sistem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sistem</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muskulokerangka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muskulokerangka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Muskulokerangka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muskulokerangka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencernaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencernaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pencernaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencernaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pernapasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pernapasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pernapasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pernapasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_saraf_dan_indra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_saraf_dan_indra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sistem saraf dan indra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_saraf_dan_indra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riwayat_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riwayat_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Riwayat hidup</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Riwayat_hidup-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Riwayat hidup</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Riwayat_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perkembangbiakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangbiakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Perkembangbiakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkembangbiakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengembangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengembangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pengembangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengembangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daur_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daur_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Daur hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daur_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ekologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tingkat_trofik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingkat_trofik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tingkat trofik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingkat_trofik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pertahanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertahanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pertahanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertahanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Evolusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landak_Laut_beserta_Gambarnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landak_Laut_beserta_Gambarnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Landak Laut beserta Gambarnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landak_Laut_beserta_Gambarnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Landak laut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 88 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="قنفذ البحر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قنفذ البحر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="قنفذ البحر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قنفذ البحر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinoidea" title="Equinoidea – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Equinoidea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99niz_kirpil%C9%99ri" title="Dəniz kirpiləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəniz kirpiləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دنیز کیرپیلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دنیز کیرپیلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayom" title="Tayom – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tayom" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Марскія вожыкі – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марскія вожыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Марскія вожыкі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марскія вожыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Морски таралежи – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морски таралежи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teureug" title="Teureug – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Teureug" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morski_je%C5%BEevi" title="Morski ježevi – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Morski ježevi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eri%C3%A7ons_de_mar" title="Eriçons de mar – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eriçons de mar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swakigtuyom" title="Swakigtuyom – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Swakigtuyom" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%89_%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%AF_%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%9F%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᎺᏉ ᎡᎯ ᏧᏟᏲᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎺᏉ ᎡᎯ ᏧᏟᏲᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BEovky" title="Ježovky – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježovky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8pindsvin" title="Søpindsvin – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Søpindsvin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeigel" title="Seeigel – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seeigel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αχινός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχινός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sea urchin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C4%A5ino" title="Eĥino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eĥino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merisiilikud" title="Merisiilikud – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Merisiilikud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsas_triku" title="Itsas triku – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsas triku" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="توتیای دریایی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توتیای دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merisiilit" title="Merisiilit – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merisiilit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siaiigler" title="Siaiigler – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siaiigler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%C3%A1n_mara" title="Cuán mara – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuán mara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourizo_de_mar" title="Ourizo de mar – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ourizo de mar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קיפודי ים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיפודי ים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="जलसाही – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलसाही" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BEinci" title="Ježinci – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ježinci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengeris%C3%BCn%C3%B6k" title="Tengerisünök – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tengerisünök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ծովոզնիներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծովոզնիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekino" title="Ekino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgulker" title="Ígulker – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ígulker" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%8B" title="ウニ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ზღვის ზღარბები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზღვის ზღარბები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ade%C9%A3mus" title="Adeɣmus – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adeɣmus" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Теңіз кірпілері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Теңіз кірпілері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%98" title="성게류 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성게류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Деңиз кирписи – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Деңиз кирписи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecinoideo" title="Ecinoideo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ecinoideo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zie%C3%AB-eechele" title="Zieë-eechele – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zieë-eechele" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABr%C5%B3_e%C5%BEiai" title="Jūrų ežiai – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūrų ežiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABras_e%C5%BEi" title="Jūras eži – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūras eži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soky" title="Soky – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Морски ежови – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морски ежови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8" title="കടൽച്ചേന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കടൽച്ചേന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%81%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB" title="ကၞုချ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကၞုချ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6_%D1%88%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%B9" title="Тангыж шӱлӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тангыж шӱлӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landak_laut" title="Landak laut – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Landak laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="သံပခြုပ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံပခြုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ведьсеель – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведьсеель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee-egels" title="Zee-egels – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zee-egels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A5kebolle" title="Kråkebolle – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kråkebolle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B8piggsvin" title="Sjøpiggsvin – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjøpiggsvin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1%C5%82t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_adiji%C5%82ii" title="Táłtłʼááh adijiłii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Táłtłʼááh adijiłii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BCowce" title="Jeżowce – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeżowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku_askanku" title="Yaku askanku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku askanku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoide" title="Echinoide – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Echinoide" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Морские ежи – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Морские ежи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sea urchin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BEinci" title="Ježinci – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ježinci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sea urchin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BEovky" title="Ježovky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ježovky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morski_je%C5%BEki" title="Morski ježki – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Morski ježki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Морски јежеви – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морски јежеви" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6borrar" title="Sjöborrar – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sjöborrar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="மூரை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="เม่นทะเล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เม่นทะเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%88iz_Kirpisi" title="Deňiz Kirpisi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Deňiz Kirpisi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salungo" title="Salungo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salungo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denizkestanesi" title="Denizkestanesi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Denizkestanesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%97%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Морські їжаки – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морські їжаки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengiz_tipratikanlari" title="Dengiz tipratikanlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dengiz tipratikanlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_gai" title="Cầu gai – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cầu gai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AAe-egels" title="Zêe-egels – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zêe-egels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Echinoidea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%83%86" title="海胆 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海胆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%86%BD" title="海膽 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海膽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%86%BD" title="海膽 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海膽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83483#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landak_laut" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Landak_laut" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landak_laut"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landak_laut"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Landak_laut" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Landak_laut" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&oldid=25603597" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Landak_laut&id=25603597&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLandak_laut"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLandak_laut"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Landak+laut"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Landak_laut&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispesies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83483" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Landak laut<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Rentang waktu: <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Ordovician–Recent</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.46153846154px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:36.553846153846px; width:18.175384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:54.729230769231px; width:15.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.824615384615px; width:9.3753846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:79.2px; width:19.224615384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Devon_(zaman)" title="Devon (zaman)">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.424615384615px; width:20.375384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon_(zaman)" title="Karbon (zaman)">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.8px; width:16.246153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Perem" title="Perem">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:135.04615384615px; width:17.396923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:152.44307692308px; width:18.310769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura_(zaman)" title="Jura (zaman)">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.75384615385px; width:27.076923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Kapur_(zaman)" title="Kapur (zaman)">K</a></div> <span style="font-size:85%; line-height: 1.89em;"><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.83076923077px; width:14.374461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Pg</a></div></span> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen"><span style="font-size:92%;line-height:1.30em;">N</span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:54.729230769231px; width:165.27076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:54.729230769231px; width:165.27076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:55.729230769231px; width:163.27076923077px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg/250px-Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg/375px-Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg/500px-Riccio_Melone_a_Capo_Caccia_adventurediving.it.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Landak laut (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinus_melo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinus melo (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinus melo</a></i>) dari <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Klasifikasi ilmiah</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kerajaan: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kerajaan"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filum: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="filum"><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfilum: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="subfilum"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinozoa</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelas: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kelas"><b>Echinoidea</b></div><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Gottfried_Leske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Gottfried Leske (halaman belum tersedia)">Leske</a>, 1778</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Sub-kelas </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Sub-kelas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perischoechinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perischoechinoidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Perischoechinoidea</a> <ul><li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroida (halaman belum tersedia)">Cidaroida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sub-kelas<a href="/w/index.php?title=Euechinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euechinoidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Euechinoidea</a> <ul><li>Superordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atelostomata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atelostomata (halaman belum tersedia)">Atelostomata</a> <ul><li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassiduloida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassiduloida (halaman belum tersedia)">Cassiduloida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spatangoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spatangoida (halaman belum tersedia)">Spatangoida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadematacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadematacea (halaman belum tersedia)">Diadematacea</a> <ul><li>Ordo <a href="/wiki/Diadematoida" title="Diadematoida">Diadematoida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinothurioida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinothurioida (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinothurioida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedinoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedinoida (halaman belum tersedia)">Pedinoida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinacea_(bulu_babi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinacea (bulu babi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinacea</a> <ul><li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbacioida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbacioida (halaman belum tersedia)">Arbacioida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinoida (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinoida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phymosomatoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phymosomatoida (halaman belum tersedia)">Phymosomatoida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salenioida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salenioida (halaman belum tersedia)">Salenioida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temnopleuroida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temnopleuroida (halaman belum tersedia)">Temnopleuroida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnathostomata_(bulu_babi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnathostomata (bulu babi (halaman belum tersedia)">Gnathostomata</a> <ul><li>Ordo <a href="/wiki/Dolar_pasir" title="Dolar pasir">Clypeasteroida</a></li> <li>Ordo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holectypoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holectypoida (halaman belum tersedia)">Holectypoida</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><b>Landak laut</b> atau <b>bulu babi</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">echinodermata</a> bulat dan ber<a href="/wiki/Duri" title="Duri">duri</a> di kelas <a href="/wiki/Echinoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinoidea">Echinoidea</a>. Sekitar 950 spesies bulu babi tersebar di dasar laut setiap <a href="/wiki/Samudra" title="Samudra">samudra</a> dan menghuni setiap zona kedalaman mulai dari pantai <a href="/wiki/Intertidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intertidal">antarpasut</a> hingga kedalaman 5.000 meter (16.000 kaki; 2.700 depa).<sup id="cite_ref-adw_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Cangkang bulu babi (testa) yang berbentuk bulat dan keras berbentuk bulat dan ditutupi duri. Kebanyakan duri bulu babi memiliki panjang berkisar antara 3 hingga 10 cm (1 hingga 4 inci), dengan spesies lain seperti bulu babi hitam yang memiliki duri sepanjang 30 cm (12 inci). Bulu babi bergerak perlahan, merangkak dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">kaki tabung</a>, dan juga mendorong dirinya dengan duri. Meskipun <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">ganggang</a> merupakan makanan utama, bulu babi juga memakan hewan yang bergerak lambat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">sesil</a>). <a href="/wiki/Pemangsa" title="Pemangsa">Pemangsa</a> yang memakan bulu babi antara lain berbagai macam <a href="/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan">ikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut">bintang laut</a> , <a href="/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting">kepiting</a> ,<a href="/wiki/Mamalia_laut" title="Mamalia laut">mamalia laut</a> , dan <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a>. </p><p>Seperti semua echinodermata, bulu babi dewasa memiliki simetri lima kali lipat, tetapi larva pluteusnya memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetri_bilateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simetri bilateral (halaman belum tersedia)">simetri bilateral</a> (cermin) , yang menunjukkan bahwa bulu babi termasuk dalam Bilateria , bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">chordata</a> , <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">artropoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelida</a> , dan <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a>. Bulu babi ditemukan di setiap lautan dan iklim, dari daerah <a href="/wiki/Tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropis">tropis</a> hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_kutub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah kutub (halaman belum tersedia)">daerah kutub</a> , dan menghuni habitat bentik laut (dasar laut), dari pantai berbatu hingga kedalaman <a href="/wiki/Zona_hadal" title="Zona hadal">zona hadal</a> . Catatan <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil</a> Echinoid berasal dari periode <a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">Ordovisium</a> , sekitar 450 juta tahun yang lalu. Kerabat terdekat echinodermata dari bulu babi adalah <a href="/wiki/Teripang" title="Teripang">teripang</a> (Holothuroidea), yang seperti mereka adalah <a href="/wiki/Deuterostoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterostoma">deuterostoma</a> , sebuah klade yang mencakup <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">chordata</a>. (Binatang dolar pasir Pamerupakan ordo tersendiri pada kelas bulu babi kelas Echinoidea.) </p><p>Hewan ini telah dipelajari sejak abad ke - 19 sebagai <a href="/wiki/Organisme_model" title="Organisme model">organisme model</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">biologi perkembangan</a> , karena <a href="/wiki/Embrio" title="Embrio">embrionya</a> mudah diamati. Hal ini dilanjutkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Penelitian" title="Penelitian">penelitian</a> terhadap <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a> mereka karena simetri lima kali lipat yang tidak biasa dan hubungannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">chordata</a>. Spesies seperti bulu babi pensil sangat populer di akuarium, karena berguna untuk mengendalikan alga. Fosil bulu babi telah digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Jimat" title="Jimat">jimat</a> pelindung. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keberagaman">Keberagaman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Keberagaman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keberagaman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulu babi adalah anggota filum <a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a> , yang juga mencakup <a href="/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut">bintang laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teripang" title="Teripang">teripang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolar_pasir" title="Dolar pasir">dolar pasir</a> ,<a href="/wiki/Bintang_ular" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang ular">bintang ular</a> , dan <a href="/wiki/Lili_laut" title="Lili laut">lili laut</a> . Seperti echinodermata lainnya, mereka memiliki simetri lima kali lipat (disebut pentamerisme ) dan bergerak melalui ratusan “ kaki tabung ” kecil, transparan, dan berperekat. Simetrinya tidak terlihat jelas pada hewan hidup, namun mudah terlihat pada testa yang kering .<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara khusus, istilah "landak laut" mengacu pada "echinoid biasa", yang berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Simetris" class="mw-redirect" title="Simetris">simetris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bulat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulat">bulat</a>, dan mencakup beberapa kelompok <a href="/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi">taksonomi</a> berbeda, dengan dua subkelas: Euechinoidea ("landak laut" modern, termasuk yang tidak beraturan) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Cidaroidea</a> , atau " bulu babi pensil batu", yang memiliki duri yang sangat tebal dan tumpul, dengan tumbuhnya alga dan spons. Bulu babi "tidak beraturan" adalah kelas infra di dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euechinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euechinoidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Euechinoidea</a>, yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irregularia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irregularia (halaman belum tersedia)">Irregularia</a> , dan termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atelostomata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atelostomata (halaman belum tersedia)">Atelostomata</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neognathostomata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neognathostomata (halaman belum tersedia)">Neognathostomata</a> . <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinoid (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinoid</a> tidak beraturan termasuk dolar pasir pipih , biskuit laut , dan bulu babi jantung .<sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Teripang" title="Teripang">teripang</a> ( Holothuroidea ), mereka membentuk subfilum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinozoa</a> , yang bercirikan bentuk globoid tanpa lengan atau sinar yang menonjol. Teripang dan echinoid tak beraturan telah mengalami evolusi sekunder dalam berbagai bentuk. Meskipun banyak teripang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Tentakel" title="Tentakel">tentakel</a> bercabang yang mengelilingi bukaan mulutnya, tentakel ini berasal dari kaki tabung yang dimodifikasi dan tidak homolog dengan lengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilit_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilit laut (halaman belum tersedia)">lilit laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut">bintang laut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bintang_ular" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang ular">bintang ular</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paracentrotus lividus, babi laut biasa (Euechinoidea, dari infrakelas Carinacea)"><img alt="Paracentrotus lividus, babi laut biasa (Euechinoidea, dari infrakelas Carinacea)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/240px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/361px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/481px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracentrotus_lividus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paracentrotus lividus (halaman belum tersedia)">Paracentrotus lividus</a></i>, babi laut biasa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Euechinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euechinoidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Euechinoidea</a>, dari infrakelas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carinacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carinacea (halaman belum tersedia)">Carinacea</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seekor dolar paaie, sejenis landak laut tak beraturan (Irregularia)"><img alt="Seekor dolar paaie, sejenis landak laut tak beraturan (Irregularia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/266px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/399px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/531px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seekor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolar_paaie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolar paaie (halaman belum tersedia)">dolar paaie</a>, sejenis landak laut tak beraturan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irregularia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irregularia (halaman belum tersedia)">Irregularia</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phyllacanthus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllacanthus imperialis, sejenis landak laur dari keluarga (Cidaroidea)"><img alt="Phyllacanthus imperialis, sejenis landak laur dari keluarga (Cidaroidea)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/201px-Phyllacanthus.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/302px-Phyllacanthus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/402px-Phyllacanthus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="2785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllacanthus_imperialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllacanthus imperialis (halaman belum tersedia)">Phyllacanthus imperialis</a></i>, sejenis landak laur dari keluarga (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroidea (halaman belum tersedia)">Cidaroidea</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskripsi">Deskripsi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Deskripsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Deskripsi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Urchin9b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Urchin9b.jpg/330px-Urchin9b.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Urchin9b.jpg/495px-Urchin9b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Urchin9b.jpg/660px-Urchin9b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Organ landak laut <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbacia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbacia (halaman belum tersedia)">Arbacia</a></i> sp.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ukuran bulu babi biasanya berkisar antara 3 hingga 10 cm (1 hingga 4 inci), tetapi spesies terbesar dapat mencapai hingga 36 cm (14 inci).<sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka memiliki tubuh yang kaku, biasanya berbentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bola_(geomteri)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bola (geomteri) (halaman belum tersedia)">bola</a> dengan duri yang dapat digerakkan, sehingga kelas tersebut diberi nama Echinoidea (dari bahasa Yunani ἐχῖνος ekhinos 'duri').<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seperti echinodermata lainnya,<a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larva</a> awal bulu babi memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetri_bilateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simetri bilateral (halaman belum tersedia)">simetri bilateral</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi mereka mengembangkan simetri lima kali lipat seiring bertambahnya usia. Hal ini paling jelas terlihat pada bulu babi "biasa", yang memiliki tubuh berbentuk bulat dengan lima bagian berukuran sama yang memancar keluar dari sumbu tengahnya. <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">Mulutnya</a> berada di pangkal hewan dan <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anusnya</a> berada di atas; permukaan bawah digambarkan sebagai "oral" dan permukaan atas sebagai "aboral".<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Namun, beberapa bulu babi, termasuk dolar pasir, berbentuk oval, dengan ujung depan dan belakang yang berbeda, sehingga memberikan tingkat simetri bilateral. Pada bulu babi ini, permukaan tubuh bagian atas agak berbentuk kubah, namun bagian bawahnya rata, sedangkan bagian sampingnya tidak memiliki kaki tabung. Bentuk tubuh yang "tidak beraturan" ini telah berevolusi sehingga memungkinkan hewan tersebut menggali melalui pasir atau bahan lunak lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem">Sistem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muskulokerangka">Muskulokerangka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Muskulokerangka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Muskulokerangka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Seeigel-Saugfuesse(Galicien2005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg/150px-Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg/225px-Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg/300px-Seeigel-Saugfuesse%28Galicien2005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaki tabung</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (halaman belum tersedia)">Landak laut untu</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Testa" title="Testa">Testa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaki tabung</a></div> <p>Organ dalam terbungkus dalam cangkang keras atau testa yang terdiri dari lempengan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbonat" title="Kalsium karbonat">kalsium karbonat</a> yang menyatu dan ditutupi oleh <a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">dermis</a> tipis dan <a href="/wiki/Epidermis" class="mw-disambig" title="Epidermis">epidermis</a> . <a href="/wiki/Testa" title="Testa">Testa</a> ini disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Endoskeleton" title="Endoskeleton">endoskeleton</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Eksoskeleton" title="Eksoskeleton">eksoskeleton</a> meskipun tes tersebut mencakup hampir seluruh bulu babi. Ini karena ditutupi lapisan otot dan kulit yang tipis; bulu babi juga tidak perlu berganti kulit seperti yang dilakukan <a href="/wiki/Invertebrata" title="Invertebrata">invertebrata</a> dengan kerangka luar yang sebenarnya, melainkan lempengan yang membentuk <a href="/wiki/Testa" title="Testa">testa</a> tersebut tumbuh seiring dengan pertumbuhan hewan tersebut. </p><p>Testa kaku, dan terbagi menjadi lima alur ambulakral yang dipisahkan oleh lima area interambulakral yang lebih luas. Masing-masing dari sepuluh kolom memanjang ini terdiri dari dua set pelat (sehingga totalnya terdiri dari 20 kolom). Pelat ambulakral memiliki sepasang lubang kecil yang dilalui oleh kaki tabung.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Semua pelat ditutupi tuberkel bulat tempat duri menempel. Duri digunakan untuk pertahanan dan penggerak dan tersedia dalam berbagai bentuk.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permukaan bagian dalam tes dilapisi oleh peritoneum.<sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulu babi mengubah <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> cair menggunakan proses <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalitik</a> yang melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> menjadi bagian <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbonat" title="Kalsium karbonat">kalsium karbonat</a> dalam testa. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebanyakan spesies memiliki dua rangkaian duri, primer (panjang) dan sekunder (pendek), tersebar di permukaan tubuh, dengan yang terpendek di kutub dan yang terpanjang di ekuator. Duri biasanya berongga dan tabung. Kontraksi selubung otot yang menutupi tes menyebabkan tulang belakang condong ke satu arah atau lainnya, sedangkan selubung dalam serat <a href="/wiki/Kolagen" title="Kolagen">kolagen</a> dapat berubah secara reversibel dari lunak menjadi kaku yang dapat mengunci tulang belakang pada satu posisi. Terletak di antara duri terdapat beberapa jenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedicellaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedicellaria (halaman belum tersedia)">pedicellaria</a> , struktur bertangkai yang dapat digerakkan dengan rahang.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Testa dari Echinus esculentus, sejenis landak laut biasa"><img alt="Testa dari Echinus esculentus, sejenis landak laut biasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg/240px-Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg/360px-Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg/480px-Sea_Urchin_test_5629_03_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Testa dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinus_esculentus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinus esculentus (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinus esculentus</a></i>, sejenis landak laut biasa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Testa dari landak laut, menunjukkan pelat tuberkel dan ambulakral"><img alt="Testa dari landak laut, menunjukkan pelat tuberkel dan ambulakral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg/240px-BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg/360px-BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg/480px-BlackSeaUrchinTest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Testa dari landak laut, menunjukkan pelat tuberkel dan ambulakral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagian dalam testa, menunjukkan pelat interambulakral segilima di kanan, dan lubanf untuk kaki tabung di kiri."><img alt="Bagian dalam testa, menunjukkan pelat interambulakral segilima di kanan, dan lubanf untuk kaki tabung di kiri." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg/240px-Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg/360px-Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg/480px-Inner_surface_of_black_sea_urchin_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bagian dalam testa, menunjukkan pelat interambulakral segilima di kanan, dan lubanf untuk kaki tabung di kiri.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Echinodiscus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Testa dari dolar pasir, landak laut tak beraturab"><img alt="Testa dari dolar pasir, landak laut tak beraturab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinodiscus2.jpg/211px-Echinodiscus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinodiscus2.jpg/316px-Echinodiscus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinodiscus2.jpg/421px-Echinodiscus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="2671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Testa dari dolar pasir, landak laut tak beraturab</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Testa dari Phyllacanthus imperialis, landak laut cidaroid yang memilikk tuberkel yang besar."><img alt="Testa dari Phyllacanthus imperialis, landak laut cidaroid yang memilikk tuberkel yang besar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG/240px-Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG/359px-Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG/479px-Phyllacanthus_imperialis_test.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="2782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Testa dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllacanthus_imperialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllacanthus imperialis (halaman belum tersedia)">Phyllacanthus imperialis</a></i>, landak laut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroida (halaman belum tersedia)">cidaroid</a> yang memilikk tuberkel yang besar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_(6658690371).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tampilan jarak dekat dari testa menunjukkan alur ambulakral dengan dua baris pasangan pori-pori, di antara dua area interambulakra."><img alt="Tampilan jarak dekat dari testa menunjukkan alur ambulakral dengan dua baris pasangan pori-pori, di antara dua area interambulakra." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg/300px-Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg/450px-Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg/600px-Sea_urchin_shell_-_pattern_%286658690371%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="890" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tampilan jarak dekat dari testa menunjukkan alur ambulakral dengan dua baris pasangan pori-pori, di antara dua area interambulakra.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tampilan jarak dekat dari cakram apikal bulu babi cidaroid: 5 lubang adalah gonopori, dan yang di tengah adalah anus ("periprokta"). Lempeng genital terbesar adalah madreporit.[10]"><img alt="Tampilan jarak dekat dari cakram apikal bulu babi cidaroid: 5 lubang adalah gonopori, dan yang di tengah adalah anus ("periprokta"). Lempeng genital terbesar adalah madreporit.[10]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg/270px-Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg/405px-Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg/540px-Sea_Urchin_Shell_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tampilan jarak dekat dari cakram apikal bulu babi cidaroid: 5 lubang adalah gonopori, dan yang di tengah adalah anus ("periprokta"). Lempeng genital terbesar adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madreporit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madreporit (halaman belum tersedia)">madreporit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pencernaan">Pencernaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Pencernaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencernaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg/220px-Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg/330px-Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg/440px-Seeigel_Gebiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>Sistem gigi dari landak laut</figcaption></figure> <p>Mulutnya terletak di tengah permukaan mulut pada bulu babi biasa, atau di salah satu ujungnya pada bulu babi tidak beraturan. Dikelilingi oleh bibir dari jaringan yang lebih lembut, dengan banyak potongan tulang kecil yang tertanam. Daerah ini, yang disebut peristome, juga mencakup lima pasang kaki tabung yang dimodifikasi dan, pada banyak spesies, lima pasang <a href="/wiki/Insang" title="Insang">insang</a>. Peralatan rahang terdiri dari lima pelat kuat berbentuk panah yang dikenal sebagai piramida, permukaan ventral masing-masing memiliki pita gigi dengan gigi keras yang mengarah ke tengah mulut. Otot-otot khusus mengontrol penonjolan peralatan dan kerja gigi, dan hewan dapat menggenggam, mengikis, menarik, dan merobek.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Struktur mulut dan gigi terbukti sangat efisien dalam menggenggam dan menggiling sehingga struktur serupa telah diuji untuk digunakan dalam aplikasi dunia nyata.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada permukaan atas testa di kutub aboral terdapat selaput, periprokta , yang mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> . Periprokta berisi sejumlah lempeng keras yang bervariasi, lima di antaranya, lempeng genital, mengandung <a href="/wiki/Gonopori" title="Gonopori">gonopori</a>, dan satu dimodifikasi untuk mengandung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madreporit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madreporit (halaman belum tersedia)">madreporit</a>, yang digunakan untuk menyeimbangkan sistem <a href="/wiki/Pembuluh_darah" title="Pembuluh darah">pembuluh darah</a> air.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg/220px-Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg/330px-Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg/440px-Lanterne_d%27Aristote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Lentera Aristosteles dalam landak laut</figcaption></figure> <p>Mulut sebagian besar bulu babi terdiri dari lima gigi atau pelat <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbonat" title="Kalsium karbonat">kalsium karbonat</a>, dengan struktur berdaging seperti lidah di dalamnya. Seluruh organ pengunyah dalam landak laut dikenal sebagai lentera Aristoteles. Bulu babi memiliki apa yang biasa kita sebut kepala dan mulutnya di bawah, dan tempat mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Residu" title="Residu">ampas</a> di atas. Bulu babi juga memiliki lima <a href="/wiki/Gigi" title="Gigi">gigi</a> berlubang di dalamnya, dan di tengah-tengah gigi ini terdapat zat berdaging yang berfungsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Lidah" title="Lidah">lidah</a> . Berikutnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Kerongkongan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerongkongan">kerongkongan</a> , dan kemudian <a href="/wiki/Lambung" title="Lambung">lambung</a> , terbagi menjadi lima bagian, dan diisi dengan ekskresi, kelima bagian tersebut bersatu pada lubang <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>, di mana cangkangnya dilubangi untuk keluar... Pada kenyataannya, alat mulut dari bulu babi itu bersambung dari satu ujung ke ujung yang lain, tetapi jika dilihat dari luar, tidak demikian, melainkan tampak seperti lentera tanduk dengan panel tanduknya dibiarkan terbuka. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulu_jantung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulu jantung (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulu jantung</a> (Spatangoida) tidak biasa karena tidak memiliki lentera Aristosteles. Sebaliknya, mulut dikelilingi oleh <a href="/wiki/Silia" title="Silia">silia</a> yang menarik rangkaian lendir yang mengandung partikel makanan menuju serangkaian alur di sekitar mulut. <sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Echinoidea_anatomie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinoidea_anatomie.svg/240px-Echinoidea_anatomie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinoidea_anatomie.svg/360px-Echinoidea_anatomie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Echinoidea_anatomie.svg/480px-Echinoidea_anatomie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Sistem dauriah dan pencernaan daei landak laut:<br />a = <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> ; m = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madreporit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madreporit (halaman belum tersedia)">madreporit</a> ; s = aquifer canal ; r = kanal radial ; p = ampula lodial; k = dinding testa; i = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intestine (halaman belum tersedia)">intestine</a> ; b = mulut</figcaption></figure> <p>Lentera Aristosteles, jika ada, mengelilingi rongga mulut dan <a href="/wiki/Faring" title="Faring">faring</a> . Di bagian atas lentera, faring membuka ke <a href="/wiki/Kerongkongan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerongkongan">kerongkongan</a>, yang berjalan kembali ke bagian luar lentera, untuk bergabung dengan usus kecil dan sekum tunggal . <a href="/wiki/Usus_kecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Usus kecil">Usus kecil</a> berjalan melingkar penuh di sekitar bagian dalam tesfa, sebelum bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Usus_besar" title="Usus besar">usus besar</a>, yang menyelesaikan sirkuit lain dalam arah yang berlawanan. Dari usus besar, rektum naik menuju <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>. Terlepas dari namanya, <a href="/wiki/Usus_kecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Usus kecil">usus kecil</a> dan besar bulu babi sama sekali tidak homolog dengan struktur yang memiliki nama serupa pada <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan">Pencernaan</a> terjadi di usus, dengan <a href="/wiki/Sekum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekum">sekum</a> menghasilkan enzim pencernaan lebih lanjut . Sebuah tabung tambahan, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Sifon" title="Sifon">sifon</a>, berjalan di samping sebagian besar usus, membuka ke dalamnya di kedua ujungnya. Ini mungkin terlibat dalam resorpsi air dari makanan. <sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pernapasan">Pernapasan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pernapasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pernapasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistem <a href="/wiki/Pembuluh_darah" title="Pembuluh darah">pembuluh darah</a> air mengarah ke bawah dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madreporit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madreporit (halaman belum tersedia)">madreporit</a> melalui saluran batu ramping ke saluran cincin, yang mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Kerongkongan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerongkongan">kerongkongan</a>. Kanal radial mengarah dari sini melalui setiap area ambulakral dan berakhir di sebuah tentakel kecil yang melewati lempeng ambulakral dekat kutub aboral. Saluran lateral berasal dari saluran radial ini, berakhir di ampula. Dari sini, dua tabung melewati sepasang pori-pori pada pelat dan berakhir di kaki tabung. </p><p>Bulu babi memiliki sistem hemal dengan <a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">jaringan</a> pembuluh darah yang kompleks di mesenterium sekitar <a href="/wiki/Usus" title="Usus">usus</a>, namun sedikit yang diketahui tentang fungsi sistem ini. Namun, cairan peredaran darah utama mengisi rongga tubuh secara umum, atau <a href="/wiki/Selom" title="Selom">selom</a>. Cairan selom ini mengandung selomosit <a href="/wiki/Fagosit" title="Fagosit">fagositik</a> , yang bergerak melalui sistem <a href="/wiki/Pembuluh_darah" title="Pembuluh darah">pembuluh darah</a> dan hemal dan terlibat dalam transportasi internal dan pertukaran gas. Selomosit adalah bagian penting dari pembekuan darah , tetapi juga mengumpulkan produk limbah dan secara aktif mengeluarkannya dari tubuh melalui <a href="/wiki/Insang" title="Insang">insang</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">kaki tabung</a>. </p><p>Kebanyakan bulu babi memiliki lima pasang insang luar yang menempel pada membran peristomial di sekitar mulutnya. Tonjolan rongga tubuh berdinding tipis ini adalah organ pernapasan utama pada bulu babi yang memilikinya. Cairan dapat dipompa melalui bagian dalam insang oleh otot-otot yang berhubungan dengan lentera, tetapi hal ini tidak memberikan aliran yang terus menerus, dan hanya terjadi ketika hewan tersebut kekurangan oksigen. Kaki tabung juga dapat bertindak sebagai organ pernapasan, dan merupakan tempat utama pertukaran gas pada bulu babi dan dolar pasir, yang keduanya tidak memiliki insang. Bagian dalam setiap kaki tabung dipisahkan oleh septum yang mengurangi difusi antara aliran cairan masuk dan keluar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_saraf_dan_indra">Sistem saraf dan indra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem saraf dan indra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem saraf dan indra"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistem <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">saraf</a> bulu babi memiliki tata letak yang relatif sederhana. Tanpa <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a> sejati, pusat sarafnya berupa cincin saraf besar yang melingkari mulut tepat di dalam lentera. Dari cincin saraf, lima saraf menyebar di bawah saluran radial sistem <a href="/wiki/Pembuluh_darah" title="Pembuluh darah">pembuluh darah</a> air, dan bercabang menjadi banyak saraf yang lebih halus untuk menginervasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)">kaki tabung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulang_belakang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulang belakang">tulang belakang</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediselaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediselaria (halaman belum tersedia)">pediselaria</a> . </p><p>Bulu babi sensitif terhadap sentuhan, cahaya, dan bahan kimia. Terdapat banyak sel sensitif di epitel, terutama di duri, pediselaria, kaki tabung, dan di sekitar mulut. Meskipun mereka tidak memiliki mata atau bintik mata (kecuali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadematidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadematidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Diadematidae</a>, yang dapat mengikuti ancaman dengan duri mereka), sebagian besar bulu babi biasa mungkin berfungsi sebagai mata majemuk. Secara umum, bulu babi tertarik secara negatif terhadap cahaya dan berusaha bersembunyi di celah-celah atau di bawah benda. Sebagian besar spesies, selain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaris (halaman belum tersedia)">Cidaris</a>, memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statosis (halaman belum tersedia)">statosis</a> di organ berbentuk bola yang disebut spheridia. Ini adalah struktur bertangkai dan terletak di dalam area ambulakral; fungsinya adalah untuk membantu dalam orientasi gaya tarik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riwayat_hidup">Riwayat hidup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Riwayat hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Riwayat hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkembangbiakan">Perkembangbiakan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangbiakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perkembangbiakan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulu babi bersifat <a href="/wiki/Dwirumah_(botani)" title="Dwirumah (botani)">dwirumah</a>, memiliki jenis kelamin <a href="/wiki/Jantan" title="Jantan">jantan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Betina" title="Betina">betina</a> yang terpisah, meskipun tidak ada ciri pembeda yang terlihat secara eksternal. Selain berperan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkembangniakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkembangniakan (halaman belum tersedia)">perkembangniakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonad" title="Gonad">gonad</a> juga merupakan organ penyimpan <a href="/wiki/Nutrisi" title="Nutrisi">nutrisi</a>, dan terdiri dari dua jenis sel utama: sel germinal , dan sel somatik yang disebut fagosit nutrisi.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulu babi biasa mempunyai lima gonad, terletak di bawah daerah interambulakral testa, sedangkan bulu babi bentuk tidak beraturan kebanyakan mempunyai empat gonad, dengan gonad paling belakang tidak ada; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulu_jantung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulu jantung (halaman belum tersedia)">bulu jantung</a> (Spatangoida) punya tiga atau dua. Setiap gonad mempunyai saluran tunggal yang naik dari kutub atas hingga bermuara pada gonopori yang terletak di salah satu lempeng genital yang mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>. Beberapa dolar pasir yang menggali memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papila (halaman belum tersedia)">papila</a> memanjang yang memungkinkan pelepasan <a href="/wiki/Gamet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamet">gamet</a> di atas permukaan sedimen. Gonad dilapisi dengan otot di bawah peritoneum, dan ini memungkinkan hewan untuk memeras gametnya melalui saluran dan ke dalam air laut di sekitarnya, tempat terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pembuahan" title="Pembuahan">pembuahan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengembangan">Pengembangan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pengembangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengembangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg/220px-Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg/330px-Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg/440px-Sea_Urchin_Blastula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Blastula landak laut</figcaption></figure> <p>Selama perkembangan awal, <a href="/wiki/Embrio" title="Embrio">embrio</a> bulu babi mengalami 10 siklus <a href="/wiki/Pembelahan_sel" title="Pembelahan sel">pembelahan sel</a> ,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menghasilkan satu lapisan <a href="/wiki/Epitelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitelium">epitelium</a> yang membungkus blastosel .<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15367199_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15367199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Embrio kemudian memulai <a href="/wiki/Gastrulasi" title="Gastrulasi">gastrulasi</a> , suatu proses multibagian yang secara dramatis mengatur ulang strukturnya melalui invaginasi untuk menghasilkan tiga lapisan <a href="/wiki/Kuman" class="mw-disambig" title="Kuman">kuman</a> , yang melibatkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transisi_epitel-mesenkim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transisi epitel-mesenkim (halaman belum tersedia)">transisi epitel-mesenkim</a> ; sel <a href="/wiki/Mesenkim" title="Mesenkim">mesenkim</a> primer berpindah ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blastosel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blastosel (halaman belum tersedia)">blastosel</a> dan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telah dikemukakan bahwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaritas_epitel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaritas epitel (halaman belum tersedia)">polaritas epitel</a> bersama dengan polaritas sel planar mungkin cukup untuk mendorong gastrulasi pada bulu babi.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png/590px-Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png" decoding="async" width="590" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png/885px-Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png/1180px-Left-right_asymmetry_in_the_sea_urchin_-_journal.pbio.1001404.g001.png 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Tahap tumbuh kembang landak laut</figcaption></figure> <p>Ciri yang tidak biasa dari perkembangan bulu babi adalah penggantian simetri bilateral <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larva</a> dengan simetri lima kali lipat pada dewasa. Selama pembelahan, <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a> dan mikromer kecil ditentukan. Pada akhir <a href="/wiki/Gastrulasi" title="Gastrulasi">gastrulasi</a>, sel-sel dari kedua jenis ini membentuk kantong <a href="/wiki/Selom" title="Selom">selom</a> . Pada tahap larva, rudimen dewasa tumbuh dari kantong selom kiri; setelah <a href="/wiki/Metamorfosis" title="Metamorfosis">metamorfosis</a>, kelainan itu tumbuh menjadi dewasa. Sumbu hewan -tumbuhan terbentuk sebelum <a href="/wiki/Sel_telur" title="Sel telur">sel telur</a> dibuahi. Sumbu oral-aboral ditentukan pada awal pembelahan, dan sumbu kiri-kanan muncul pada tahap akhir <a href="/wiki/Gastrula" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrula">gastrula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerLyons2012_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerLyons2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daur_hidup">Daur hidup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Daur hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daur hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Echinocardium_cordatum_(Pennant,_1777)_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG/130px-Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG" decoding="async" width="130" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG/195px-Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG/260px-Echinocardium_cordatum_%28Pennant%2C_1777%29_early_pluteus_width_ca.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Larva dari landak laut<i>Pluteus</i> memiliki simetri bilateral</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam kebanyakan kasus, telur betina mengapung bebas di laut, namun beberapa spesies memegangi telur tersebut dengan durinya, sehingga memberikan tingkat perlindungan yang lebih besar. <a href="/wiki/Sel_telur" title="Sel telur">Sel telur</a> yang tidak dibuahi bertemu dengan <a href="/wiki/Sperma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperma">sperma</a> yang mengambang bebas yang dikeluarkan oleh pejantan, dan berkembang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Embrio" title="Embrio">embrio</a> <a href="/wiki/Blastula" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastula">blastula</a> yang berenang bebas dalam waktu 12 jam. Awalnya berupa bola sel sederhana, blastula segera berubah menjadi larva ecinopluteus berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Kerucut" title="Kerucut">kerucut</a> . Pada sebagian besar spesies, larva ini memiliki 12 lengan memanjang yang dilapisi pita <a href="/wiki/Silia" title="Silia">silia</a> yang menangkap partikel makanan dan mengangkutnya ke mulut. Pada beberapa spesies, blastula mengandung persediaan nutrisi kuning telur dan kekurangan lengan, karena tidak perlu diberi makan. </p><p>Larva memerlukan waktu beberapa bulan untuk menyelesaikan perkembangannya, perubahan menjadi bentuk dewasa diawali dengan terbentuknya lempengan uji pada rudimen remaja yang berkembang di sisi kiri larva, sumbunya tegak lurus terhadap sumbu larva. Segera, larva tersebut tenggelam ke dasar dan ber<a href="/wiki/Metamorfosis" title="Metamorfosis">metamorfosis</a> menjadi bulu babi remaja hanya dalam waktu satu jam. Pada beberapa spesies, landak laut dewasa mencapai ukuran maksimalnya dalam waktu sekitar lima tahun. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut_ungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landak laut ungu (halaman belum tersedia)">Landak laut ungu</a> menjadi dewasa secara seksual dalam dua tahun dan dapat hidup selama dua puluh tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-IZ_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IZ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (halaman belum tersedia)">purple urchin</a> becomes sexually mature in two years and may live for twenty.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekologi">Ekologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Ekologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tingkat_trofik">Tingkat trofik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Tingkat trofik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tingkat trofik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulu babi terutama memakan <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a> , sehingga mereka pada dasarnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Herbivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivora">herbivora</a>, namun dapat juga memakan <a href="/wiki/Teripang" title="Teripang">teripang</a> dan berbagai macam <a href="/wiki/Invertebrata" title="Invertebrata">invertebrata</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kerang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerang">kerang</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polychaete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polychaete (halaman belum tersedia)">polychaete</a> , <a href="/wiki/Spons_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Spons laut">spons laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bintang_ular" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang ular">bintang ular</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crinoidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crinoidae (halaman belum tersedia)">krinoid</a>, menjadikan mereka <a href="/wiki/Omnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivora">omnivora</a>, konsumen di berbagai <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_trofik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingkat trofik">tingkat trofik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertahanan">Pertahanan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Pertahanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pertahanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durinya , yang panjang dan tajam pada beberapa spesies, melindungi bulu babi dari predator . Beberapa bulu babi tropis seperti Diadematidae , Echinothuriidae dan Toxopneustidae memiliki duri yang berbisa. Makhluk lain juga memanfaatkan pertahanan ini; kepiting, udang, dan organisme lain berlindung di antara duri, dan sering kali meniru warna inangnya. Beberapa kepiting dalam keluarga Dorippidae membawa bulu babi, bintang laut, cangkang tajam atau benda pelindung lainnya di cakarnya. </p><p>Pedicellariae adalah landak laut dengan alat pertahanan yang baik terhadap ektoparasit, namun bukan obat mujarab karena beberapa dari mereka benar-benar memakannya. Sistem hemal bertahan melawan endoparasit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusi">Evolusi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Evolusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Evolusi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">Fosil</a> echinoid paling awal berasal dari periode <a href="/wiki/Ordovisium_Tengah" title="Ordovisium Tengah">Ordovisium Tengah</a> ( sekitar 465 juta tahun yang lalu ). Ada catatan fosil yang kaya, pengujian kerasnya terbuat dari lempengan kalsit yang bertahan di bebatuan dari setiap periode sejak saat itu. Duri terdapat pada beberapa spesimen yang terpelihara dengan baik, namun biasanya hanya tinggal pengujiannya saja. Duri yang terisolasi sering ditemukan pada fosil. Beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroida (halaman belum tersedia)">Cidaroida</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurasik">Jurasik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kretaseus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kretaseus">Kretaseus</a> memiliki duri yang sangat berat dan berbentuk gada. </p><p>Sebagian besar fosil echinoid dari era <a href="/wiki/Paleozoikum" title="Paleozoikum">Paleozoikum</a> tidak lengkap, terdiri dari duri-duri yang terisolasi dan kelompok kecil lempengan-lempengan yang tersebar dari individu-individu yang hancur, sebagian besar di batuan <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(zaman)" title="Karbon (zaman)">Karbon</a> . <a href="/wiki/Batugamping" class="mw-redirect" title="Batugamping">Batugamping</a> perairan dangkal dari periode <a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">Ordovisium</a> dan Silur di Estonia terkenal dengan echinoidnya. Echinoid Paleozoikum mungkin menghuni perairan yang relatif tenang. Karena tes mereka yang tipis, mereka pasti tidak akan bisa bertahan hidup di perairan pantai yang dilanda gelombang yang dihuni oleh banyak echinoid modern. Echinoid menurun hingga mendekati kepunahan pada akhir era Paleozoikum, dengan hanya enam spesies yang diketahui dari periode <a href="/wiki/Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Permian">Permian</a> . Hanya dua garis keturunan yang selamat dari kepunahan besar-besaran pada periode ini dan memasuki <a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">Trias</a> : genus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miocidaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miocidaris (halaman belum tersedia)">Miocidaris</a> , yang memunculkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidaroida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidaroida (halaman belum tersedia)">cidaroida</a> modern (bulu babi pensil), dan nenek moyang yang memunculkan euechinoid . Pada Trias atas, jumlah mereka bertambah lagi. Cidaroid tidak banyak berubah sejak Trias Akhir , dan merupakan satu-satunya kelompok echinoid Paleozoikum yang bertahan. </p><p>Euechinoids berdiversifikasi menjadi garis keturunan baru pada periode <a href="/wiki/Jurasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurasik">Jurasik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kretaseus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kretaseus">Kretaseus</a> , dan dari mereka muncullah echinoid tak beraturan pertama ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atelostomata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atelostomata (halaman belum tersedia)">Atelostomata</a> ) pada awal Jurassic. </p><p>Beberapa echinoid, seperti Micraster pada kapur periode Kapur, berfungsi sebagai fosil zona atau indeks . Karena jumlahnya melimpah dan ber<a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">evolusi</a> dengan cepat, hal ini memungkinkan para ahli <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a> menentukan umur batuan di sekitarnya. </p><p>Pada periode <a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Paleogen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen</a> ( sekitar 66 hingga 2,6 juta tahun yang lalu), <a href="/wiki/Dolar_pasir" title="Dolar pasir">dolar pasir</a> (Clypeasteroida) muncul. Bentuknya yang khas, berbentuk pipih, dan duri-duri kecilnya beradaptasi dengan kehidupan di atas atau di bawah pasir lepas di perairan dangkal, dan fosilnya melimpah di batugamping dan batupasir Eropa bagian selatan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landak_Laut_beserta_Gambarnya">Landak Laut beserta Gambarnya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Landak Laut beserta Gambarnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Landak Laut beserta Gambarnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tripneustes_ventricosus_(West_Indian_Sea_Egg)_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tripneustes ventricosus"><img alt="Tripneustes ventricosus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg/120px-Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg/180px-Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg/240px-Tripneustes_ventricosus_%28West_Indian_Sea_Egg%29_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripneustes_ventricosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripneustes ventricosus (halaman belum tersedia)">Tripneustes ventricosus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Echinometra_viridis_(Reef_Urchin).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Echinometra viridis"><img alt="Echinometra viridis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg/90px-Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg/135px-Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg/180px-Echinometra_viridis_%28Reef_Urchin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Echinometra_viridis" title="Echinometra viridis">Echinometra viridis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paracentrotus lividus"><img alt="Paracentrotus lividus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/120px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/180px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG/240px-Paracentrotus_lividus_profil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracentrotus_lividus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paracentrotus lividus (halaman belum tersedia)">Paracentrotus lividus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dolar pasir (Ordo Clypeasteroida)"><img alt="Dolar pasir (Ordo Clypeasteroida)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/120px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/180px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg/240px-Live_Sand_Dollar_trying_to_bury_itself_in_beach_sand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dolar_pasir" title="Dolar pasir">Dolar pasir</a> (Ordo Clypeasteroida)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phyllacanthus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllacanthus imperialis"><img alt="Phyllacanthus imperialis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/120px-Phyllacanthus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/180px-Phyllacanthus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Phyllacanthus.jpg/240px-Phyllacanthus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="2785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllacanthus_imperialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllacanthus imperialis (halaman belum tersedia)">Phyllacanthus imperialis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Diadema_setosum_(Kenya).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Diadema setosum"><img alt="Diadema setosum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG/120px-Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG/180px-Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG/240px-Diadema_setosum_%28Kenya%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="2418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadema_setosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadema setosum (halaman belum tersedia)">Diadema setosum</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Toxopneustes pileolus, spesies landak laut berbisa"><img alt="Toxopneustes pileolus, spesies landak laut berbisa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG/120px-Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG/180px-Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG/240px-Toxopneustes_pileolus_Okinawa_5m.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxopneustes_pileolus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxopneustes pileolus (halaman belum tersedia)">Toxopneustes pileolus</a></i>, spesies landak laut berbisa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dermechinus horridus"><img alt="Dermechinus horridus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/120px-Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/180px-Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/240px-Expl1825_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dermechinus_horridus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dermechinus horridus (halaman belum tersedia)">Dermechinus horridus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colobocentrotus atratus"><img alt="Colobocentrotus atratus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg/120px-Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg/180px-Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg/240px-Colobocentrotus_atratus_Shingle_urchin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colobocentrotus_atratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colobocentrotus atratus (halaman belum tersedia)">Colobocentrotus atratus</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_laut&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adw-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adw_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinoidea.html">"Animal Diversity Web - Echinoidea"</a>. 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Gaion, A. Scuderi; D. Pellegrini; D. Sartori (2013). "Arsenic Exposure Affects Embryo Development of Sea Urchin, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)". <i>Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 124–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F01480545.2015.1041602">10.3109/01480545.2015.1041602</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25945412">25945412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+Exposure+Affects+Embryo+Development+of+Sea+Urchin%2C+Paracentrotus+lividus+%28Lamarck%2C+1816%29&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=124-8&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F01480545.2015.1041602&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25945412&rft.aulast=A.+Gaion&rft.aufirst=A.+Scuderi&rft.au=D.+Pellegrini&rft.au=D.+Sartori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15367199-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15367199_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kominami, Tetsuya; Takata, Hiromi (2004). "Gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo: a model system for analyzing the morphogenesis of a monolayered epithelium". <i>Development, Growth & Differentiation</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 309–26. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-169x.2004.00755.x">10.1111/j.1440-169x.2004.00755.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367199">15367199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development%2C+Growth+%26+Differentiation&rft.atitle=Gastrulation+in+the+sea+urchin+embryo%3A+a+model+system+for+analyzing+the+morphogenesis+of+a+monolayered+epithelium&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=309-26&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1440-169x.2004.00755.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15367199&rft.aulast=Kominami&rft.aufirst=Tetsuya&rft.au=Takata%2C+Hiromi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shook, D; Keller, R (2003). "Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development". <i>Mechanisms of Development</i>. <b>120</b> (11): 1351–83. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mod.2003.06.005">10.1016/j.mod.2003.06.005</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623443">14623443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+Development&rft.atitle=Mechanisms%2C+mechanics+and+function+of+epithelial-mesenchymal+transitions+in+early+development&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1351-83&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mod.2003.06.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14623443&rft.aulast=Shook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Keller%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>; <cite class="citation journal">Katow, Hideki; Solursh, Michael (1980). "Ultrastructure of primary mesenchyme cell ingression in the sea urchinLytechinus pictus". <i>Journal of Experimental Zoology</i>. <b>213</b> (2): 231–246. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980JEZ...213..231K">1980JEZ...213..231K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjez.1402130211">10.1002/jez.1402130211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Zoology&rft.atitle=Ultrastructure+of+primary+mesenchyme+cell+ingression+in+the+sea+urchinLytechinus+pictus&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=231-246&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjez.1402130211&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980JEZ...213..231K&rft.aulast=Katow&rft.aufirst=Hideki&rft.au=Solursh%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Balinsky, BI (1959). "An electro microscopic investigation of the mechanisms of adhesion of the cells in a sea urchin blastula and gastrula". <i>Experimental Cell Research</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 429–33. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-4827%2859%2990275-7">10.1016/0014-4827(59)90275-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13653007">13653007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Cell+Research&rft.atitle=An+electro+microscopic+investigation+of+the+mechanisms+of+adhesion+of+the+cells+in+a+sea+urchin+blastula+and+gastrula&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=429-33&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-4827%2859%2990275-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13653007&rft.aulast=Balinsky&rft.aufirst=BI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Hertzler, PL; McClay, DR (1999). "alphaSU2, an epithelial integrin that binds laminin in the sea urchin embryo". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>207</b> (1): 1–13. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1998.9165">10.1006/dbio.1998.9165</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10049560">10049560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=alphaSU2%2C+an+epithelial+integrin+that+binds+laminin+in+the+sea+urchin+embryo&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fdbio.1998.9165&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10049560&rft.aulast=Hertzler&rft.aufirst=PL&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Fink, RD; McClay, DR (1985). "Three cell recognition changes accompany the ingression of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>107</b> (1): 66–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0012-1606%2885%2990376-8">10.1016/0012-1606(85)90376-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578117">2578117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Three+cell+recognition+changes+accompany+the+ingression+of+sea+urchin+primary+mesenchyme+cells&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-74&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0012-1606%2885%2990376-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2578117&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Burdsal, CA; Alliegro, MC; McClay, DR (1991). "Tissue-specific, temporal changes in cell adhesion to echinonectin in the sea urchin embryo". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>144</b> (2): 327–34. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0012-1606%2891%2990425-3">10.1016/0012-1606(91)90425-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1707016">1707016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Tissue-specific%2C+temporal+changes+in+cell+adhesion+to+echinonectin+in+the+sea+urchin+embryo&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=327-34&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0012-1606%2891%2990425-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1707016&rft.aulast=Burdsal&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Alliegro%2C+MC&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Miller, JR; McClay, DR (1997). "Characterization of the Role of Cadherin in Regulating Cell Adhesion during Sea Urchin Development". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>192</b> (2): 323–39. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1997.8740">10.1006/dbio.1997.8740</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9441671">9441671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Role+of+Cadherin+in+Regulating+Cell+Adhesion+during+Sea+Urchin+Development&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-39&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fdbio.1997.8740&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9441671&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Miller, JR; McClay, DR (1999). "alphaSU2, an epithelial integrin that binds laminin in the sea urchin embryo". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>207</b> (1): 1–13. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1998.9165">10.1006/dbio.1998.9165</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10049560">10049560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=alphaSU2%2C+an+epithelial+integrin+that+binds+laminin+in+the+sea+urchin+embryo&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fdbio.1998.9165&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10049560&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Fink, RD; McClay, DR (1985). "Three cell recognition changes accompany the ingression of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>107</b> (1): 66–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0012-1606%2885%2990376-8">10.1016/0012-1606(85)90376-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578117">2578117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Three+cell+recognition+changes+accompany+the+ingression+of+sea+urchin+primary+mesenchyme+cells&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-74&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0012-1606%2885%2990376-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2578117&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Burdsal, CA; Alliegro, MC; McClay, DR (1991). 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"Characterization of the Role of Cadherin in Regulating Cell Adhesion during Sea Urchin Development". <i>Developmental Biology</i>. <b>192</b> (2): 323–39. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1997.8740">10.1006/dbio.1997.8740</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9441671">9441671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Role+of+Cadherin+in+Regulating+Cell+Adhesion+during+Sea+Urchin+Development&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-39&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fdbio.1997.8740&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9441671&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.au=McClay%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation journal">Miller, JR; McClay, DR (1997). 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467244">"Left-Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Embryo: BMP and the Asymmetrical Origins of the Adult"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (10): e1001404. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001404">10.1371/journal.pbio.1001404</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467244">3467244</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=Left-Right+Asymmetry+in+the+Sea+Urchin+Embryo%3A+BMP+and+the+Asymmetrical+Origins+of+the+Adult&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e1001404&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3467244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001404&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Jacob+F.&rft.au=Lyons%2C+Deirdre+C.&rft.au=McClay%2C+David+R.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3467244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pm id=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Worley, Alisa (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus/">"<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>"</a>. <i>Animal Diversity Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Diversity+Web&rft.atitle=Strongylocentrotus+purpuratus&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Worley%2C+Alisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimaldiversity.org%2Faccounts%2FStrongylocentrotus_purpuratus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALandak+laut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Animalia" title="Templat:Animalia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Animalia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Animalia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Animalia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filum_yang_masih_hidup_dalam_kerajaan_Animalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Filum yang masih hidup dalam <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">kerajaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">Animalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biologi)" title="Domain (biologi)">Domain</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_arkea" title="Templat:Klasifikasi arkea">Arkea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_bakteri" title="Templat:Klasifikasi bakteri">Bakteria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eukaryota" title="Templat:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">Kerajaan</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Plantae_sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Plantae sensu lato">Tumbuhan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hacrobia" title="Templat:Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Heterokontophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Heterokontophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Heterokontophyta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Alveolata" title="Templat:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rhizaria" title="Templat:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Excavata" title="Templat:Excavata">Excavata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Amoebozoa" title="Templat:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Animalia" title="Templat:Animalia">Hewan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Fungi" title="Templat:Fungi">Fungi</a>)</dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">A<br />n<br />i<br />m<br />a<br />l<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera"><b>Porifera (spons)</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diploblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploblast">Diploblast</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora (ubur-ubur sisir)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ParaHoxozoa" title="ParaHoxozoa">ParaHoxozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa (<i>Trichoplax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planulozoa" title="Planulozoa">Planulozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria"><b>Cnidaria (ubur-ubur dan kerabatnya)</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Triploblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Triploblast">Triploblast</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(lihat di bawah↓)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenoturbella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenoturbella (halaman belum tersedia)">Xenoturbellida <i>(Xenoturbella)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acoelomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acoelomorpha (halaman belum tersedia)">Acoelomorpha</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acoela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acoela (halaman belum tersedia)">Acoela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemertodermatida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemertodermatida (halaman belum tersedia)">Nemertodermatida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nephrozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrozoa">N<br />e<br />p<br />h<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deuterostomia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chordate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordate"><b>Chordata</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicata">Tunicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniata" title="Craniata">Craniata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ambulacraria" title="Ambulacraria">Ambulacraria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata"><b>Echinodermata (bintang laut dan kerabatnya)</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata">Hemichordata</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cacing_acorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cacing acorn (halaman belum tersedia)">cacing acorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterobranchia" title="Pterobranchia">Pterobranchia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia">P<br />r<br />o<br />t<br />o<br />s<br />t<br />o<br />m<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Scalidophora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scalidophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scalidophora (halaman belum tersedia)">Scalidophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha (naga lumpur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida (cacing penis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N+L+P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nematoida" title="Nematoida">Nematoida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda"><b>Nematoda (cacing gilig)</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha (cacing rambut kuda)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L+P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora">Onychophora (cacing beludru)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tactopoda" title="Tactopoda">Tactopoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><b>Arthropoda (artropoda)</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada (beruang air)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Spiralia" title="Spiralia">S<br />p<br />i<br />r<br />a<br />l<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnathifera_(clade)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnathifera (clade) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gnathifera</a>¹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaetognatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaetognatha">Chaetognatha (cacing panah)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnathostomulid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnathostomulid (halaman belum tersedia)">Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnognathia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnognathia (halaman belum tersedia)">Micrognathozoa <i>(Limnognathia)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syndermata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syndermata (halaman belum tersedia)">Syndermata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera">Rotifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Acanthocephala</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platytrochozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platytrochozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Platytrochozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="R+M" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R+M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoa" title="Mesozoa">Mesozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicyemida" title="Dicyemida">Dicyemida atau Rhombozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rouphozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouphozoa">Rouphozoa</a>¹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes"><b>Platyhelminthes (cacing pipih)</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotricha (hairyback)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbion" title="Symbion">Cycliophora <i>(Symbion)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska"><b>Mollusca (moluska)</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A+N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida"><b>Annelida (cacing beruas)</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea (cacing probosis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Lophophorata" title="Lophophorata">Lophophorata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta atau Kamptozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa"><b>Ectoprocta (hewan lumut)</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brachiozoa" title="Brachiozoa">Brachiozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brakiopoda" title="Brakiopoda">Brachiopoda (kerang lentera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoronida" title="Phoronida">Phoronida (cacing tapal kuda)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">----</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kelompok_utamadalam_filum" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #f0f0f0">Kelompok utama<br />dalam filum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera">Porifera</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcarea" title="Calcarea">Calcarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexactinellida" title="Hexactinellida">Hexactinellida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demospongiae" title="Demospongiae">Demospongiae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoscleromorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homoscleromorpha (halaman belum tersedia)">Homoscleromorpha</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthozoa" title="Anthozoa">Anthozoa mencakup koral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusozoa" title="Medusozoa">Medusozoa mencakup ubur-ubur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxozoa" title="Myxozoa">Myxozoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnatha" title="Agnatha">Ikan tak berahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Ikan bertulang rawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Ikan bertulang sejati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amfibia">Amfibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Burung" title="Burung">Burung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">Mamalia</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crinozoa" title="Crinozoa">Lili laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asterozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asterozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Asterozoa mencakup bintang laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Echinozoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromadorea" title="Chromadorea">Chromadorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoplea" title="Enoplea">Enoplea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secernentea" title="Secernentea">Secernentea</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">Artropoda</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">Chelicerata/Araknida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krustasea" title="Krustasea">Krustasea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexapoda">Hexapoda/Serangga</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbellaria" title="Turbellaria">Turbellaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trematoda" title="Trematoda">Trematoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogenea" title="Monogenea">Monogenea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoda" title="Cestoda">Cestoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylactolaemata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylactolaemata (halaman belum tersedia)">Phylactolaemata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenolaemata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenolaemata (halaman belum tersedia)">Stenolaemata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnolaemata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnolaemata (halaman belum tersedia)">Gymnolaemata</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polychaeta" title="Polychaeta">Polychaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata">Clitellata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echiura" title="Echiura">Echiura</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">Moluska</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefalopoda" title="Sefalopoda">Sefalopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bivalvia" title="Bivalvia">Bivalvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyplacophora" title="Polyplacophora">Polyplacophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphopoda" title="Scaphopoda">Scaphopoda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>Filum dengan ≥5000 spesies yang masih hidup <b>dicetak tebal</b></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">Lihat pula</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diploblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploblast">Diploblast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinella (halaman belum tersedia)">Monoblastozoa</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a></i>)</dd></dl> <ul><li>¹<i><a href="/wiki/Platyzoa" title="Platyzoa">Platyzoa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Makanan_laut" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Makanan_laut" title="Templat:Makanan laut"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Makanan_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Makanan laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Makanan_laut&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Makanan_laut" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Makanan_laut" title="Makanan laut">Makanan laut</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikan_(makanan)" title="Ikan (makanan)">Ikan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belut_(makanan)" title="Belut (makanan)">Belut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haring" class="mw-redirect" title="Haring">Haring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daging_hiu" title="Daging hiu">Hiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap" title="Kakap">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_karimeen" title="Ikan karimeen">Karimeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_kod#sebagai_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikan kod">Kod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lele" title="Lele">Lele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makerel" title="Makerel">Makarel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_mas" title="Ikan mas">Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_nila" title="Ikan nila">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_(makanan)" title="Salmon (makanan)">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarden_(makanan)" title="Sarden (makanan)">Sarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setur" title="Setur">Setur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teri_(makanan)" title="Teri (makanan)">Teri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" class="mw-redirect" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seafood"><img alt="Seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/140px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/210px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/280px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Avertebrata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Abalon">Abalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumi-cumi" title="Cumi-cumi">Cumi-cumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daging_kepiting" title="Daging kepiting">Daging kepiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita">Gurita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerang">Kerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerang_hijau" title="Kerang hijau">Kerang hijau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" class="mw-redirect" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Landak laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_air_tawar" title="Lobster air tawar">Lobster air tawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajungan" title="Rajungan">Rajungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teripang" title="Teripang">Teripang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiram" title="Tiram">Tiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubur-ubur" title="Ubur-ubur">Ubur-ubur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udang_(makanan)" title="Udang (makanan)">Udang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Makanan laut lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daging_paus" title="Daging paus">Daging paus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulma_laut" title="Gulma laut">Gulma laut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pemrosesan_ikan" title="Pemrosesan ikan">Makanan laut olahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bistik_ikan" title="Bistik ikan">Bistik ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filet_ikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filet ikan (halaman belum tersedia)">Filet ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_asap" title="Ikan asap">Ikan asap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_asin" title="Ikan asin">Ikan asin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_fermentasi" title="Ikan fermentasi">Ikan fermentasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_kaleng" title="Ikan kaleng">Ikan kaleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikan_kering" title="Ikan kering">Ikan kering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaldu_ikan" title="Kaldu ikan">Kaldu ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaviar" title="Kaviar">Kaviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecap_ikan" title="Kecap ikan">Kecap ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepala_ikan" title="Kepala ikan">Kepala ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minyak_hati_ikan_hiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minyak hati ikan hiu (halaman belum tersedia)">Minyak hati ikan hiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minyak_hati_ikan_kod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minyak hati ikan kod (halaman belum tersedia)">Minyak hati ikan kod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyak_ikan" title="Minyak ikan">Minyak ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petis" title="Petis">Petis</a>/Pasta ikan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telur_ikan" title="Telur ikan">Telur ikan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cairan_sperma_ikan" title="Cairan sperma ikan">Cairan sperma ikan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terasi" title="Terasi">Terasi</a>/Pasta udang</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alergi_ikan" title="Alergi ikan">Alergi ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keracunan_ikan_ciguatera" title="Keracunan ikan ciguatera">Ciguatera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksa_pada_ikan" title="Raksa pada ikan">Raksa pada ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metagonimiasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metagonimiasis (halaman belum tersedia)">Metagonimiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemutusan_capit_kepiting" title="Pemutusan capit kepiting">Pemutusan capit kepiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemrosesan_ikan" title="Pemrosesan ikan">Pemrosesan ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengawetan_ikan" title="Pengawetan ikan">Pengawetan ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_dan_parasit_ikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit dan parasit ikan (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyakit dan parasit ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perburuan_sirip_hiu" title="Perburuan sirip hiu">Perburuan sirip hiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_makanan_laut" title="Sejarah makanan laut">Sejarah makanan laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurih" title="Gurih">Umami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pengidentifikasi_takson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Pengidentifikasi_takson" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi_takson" title="Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi takson">Pengidentifikasi takson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83483" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q83483">Q83483</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Echinoidea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Echinoidea">Echinoidea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Echinoidea/">Echinoidea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Echinoidea">Echinoidea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id80056">80056</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=29">29</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1971">1971</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=32733">32733</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/221">221</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47548">47548</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1079">1079</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=157821">157821</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7625">7625</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/77ecce8f-b4ff-4738-b6ba-30a37aceac39">77ecce8f-b4ff-4738-b6ba-30a37aceac39</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB1D34A5-4771-EBE7-5E44-DB0A2ACD89FA">CB1D34A5-4771-EBE7-5E44-DB0A2ACD89FA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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