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id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 South Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 North Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Korean diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part-Korean_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part-Korean_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Part-Korean populations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part-Korean_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Koreans</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreane" title="Koreane – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koreane" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كوريون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوريون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Кореял – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кореял" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreyal%C4%B1lar" title="Koreyalılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Koreyalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کوره‌لی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوره‌لی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2n-b%C3%AEn-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Hân-bîn-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hân-bîn-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Корейҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корейҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Карэйцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карэйцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Карэйцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карэйцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Корейци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корейци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreans" title="Coreans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coreans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Корейсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Корейсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejci" title="Korejci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korejci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaner" title="Koreaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koreaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korealased" title="Korealased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korealased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κορεάτες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορεάτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_coreano" title="Pueblo coreano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo coreano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreoj" title="Koreoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koreoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korear" title="Korear – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Korear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مردم کره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم کره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9ens" title="Coréens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coréens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ir%C3%A9igh" title="Cóiréigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cóiréigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AAu-si%C3%A9n-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Chêu-sién-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chêu-sién-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="한민족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한민족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կորեացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորեացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejci" title="Korejci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korejci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Korea" title="Bangsa Korea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangsa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Корейаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Корейаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreani" title="Coreani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coreani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קוריאנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריאנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კორეელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორეელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2rejan%C3%AB" title="Kòrejanë – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòrejanë" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Корейлер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корейлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Корейлер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корейлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejie%C5%A1i" title="Korejieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C4%97jie%C4%8Diai" title="Korėjiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Korėjiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaiak" title="Koreaiak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koreaiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Корејци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корејци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="കൊറിയക്കാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊറിയക്കാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კორეალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კორეალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Korea" title="Bangsa Korea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangsa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangso_Korea" title="Bangso Korea – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangso Korea" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A8u-si%C4%93ng-c%C5%ADk" title="Dièu-siēng-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dièu-siēng-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Солонгосчууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Солонгосчууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ကိုရီးယားလူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုရီးယားလူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanen" title="Koreanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koreanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鮮民族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮民族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88" title="Корейш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корейш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanere" title="Koreanere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koreanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreyslar" title="Koreyslar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koreyslar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81" title="ជនជាតិកូរ៉េ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជនជាតិកូរ៉េ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaners" title="Koreaners – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Koreaners" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%C5%84czycy" title="Koreańczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koreańczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreanos" title="Coreanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coreanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreeni" title="Coreeni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coreeni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Корейцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Кэриэйдэр – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэриэйдэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Koreans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%C3%ABt" title="Koreanët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koreanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rej%C4%8Dania" title="Kórejčania – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejčania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejci" title="Korejci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Korejci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کۆریەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆریەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Корејци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корејци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejci" title="Korejci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korejci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korealaiset" title="Korealaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korealaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaner" title="Koreaner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koreaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கொரிய மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொரிய மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Кореялеләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кореялеләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ชาวเกาหลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Куриёиҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Куриёиҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreliler" title="Koreliler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koreliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Көрейлер – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Көрейлер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96" title="Корейці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корейці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Người Triều Tiên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Triều Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%97%8F" title="韩族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="韩族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大韓民族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大韓民族" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">East Asian ethnic group</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Koreans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>한민족 • 조선민족</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 81 million<a href="#cite_note-Kor-1">[1]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/960px-Map_of_the_Korean_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>       <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 49,110,000 (2019)<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>       25,955,138<a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> Diaspora as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit">[update]</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 7.3 million<a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">2,633,777</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">2,109,727</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">818,865</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Canadians" title="Korean Canadians">237,364</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Uzbekistan">175,865</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Russia">168,526</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Australians" title="Korean Australians">158,103</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">156,330</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Kazakhstan">109,495</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Germany" title="Koreans in Germany">47,428</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Koreans" title="British Koreans">36,690</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Brazil">36,540</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Zealanders" title="Korean New Zealanders">33,812</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Philippines" title="Koreans in the Philippines">33,032</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_France" title="Koreans in France">25,417</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Argentina" title="Koreans in Argentina">22,847</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/40px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/60px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Singapore" title="Koreans in Singapore">20,983</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">18,130</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in Kyrgyzstan">18,106</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Indonesia" title="Koreans in Indonesia">17,297</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Malaysia" title="Koreans in Malaysia">13,667</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Ukraine" title="Koreans in Ukraine">13,524</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Koreans in Hong Kong">13,288</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Sweden (page does not exist)">13,055</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Guatemala" title="Koreans in Guatemala">12,918</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>: 142 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Mexico" title="Koreans in Mexico">11,107</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_India" title="Koreans in India">10,674</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Cambodia (page does not exist)">10,608</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Koreans in the Netherlands">9,473</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreans in the United Arab Emirates">9,227</a><a href="#cite_note-OKA-15">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Denmark (page does not exist)">8,694</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Norway (page does not exist)">7,744</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/40px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/60px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Paraguay" title="Koreans in Paraguay">5,205</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>: 171 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Arab_world" title="Koreans in the Arab world">5,189</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2015-16">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Taiwan" title="Koreans in Taiwan">5,132</a><a href="#cite_note-immigration-17">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /> <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Micronesia" title="Koreans in Micronesia">5,016</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA2013p133-19">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Spain" title="Koreans in Spain">4,080</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>: 235 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Brunei (page does not exist)">3,771</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_South_Africa" title="Koreans in South Africa">3,300</a><a href="#cite_note-통계청_자료(2014)-21">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Arab_world" title="Koreans in the Arab world">3,000</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Chile" title="Koreans in Chile">2,510</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>: 172 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Mongolia" title="Koreans in Mongolia">2,284</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT-22">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Micronesia" title="Koreans in Micronesia">2,281</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFA2013p133-19">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000<a href="#cite_note-MPI-20">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/60px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Peru" title="Koreans in Peru">1,305</a><a href="#cite_note-MOFAT2011-14">[6]</a>: 172 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeju_language" title="Jeju language">Jeju</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean Sign Language</a> minorities</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly: <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligious</a> Significant: <a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Buddhist</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeju_people" title="Jeju people">Jejuans</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean people</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Music</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Language</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Korean_dance" title="Korean dance">Dance</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> People</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Koreans in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Germany" title="Koreans in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Koreans" title="British Koreans">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Former Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_Russia" title="North Koreans in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Australians" title="Korean Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Poland" title="Koreans in Poland">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[17]</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg/330px-Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg/500px-Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg/520px-Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="341" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Korea" title="Category:Korea">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture of Korea</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;"> <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Society</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Religion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;"> Arts and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Korean pottery and porcelain">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_painting" title="Korean painting">Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_dance" title="Korean dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_literature" title="North Korean literature">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_literature" title="South Korean literature">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_poetry" title="Korean poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhwa" title="Manhwa">Manhwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_South_Korea" title="Mass media in South Korea">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_South_Korea" title="Television in South Korea">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">K-drama</a></li></ul></li> <li>Music <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_Korea" title="Theater in Korea">Theater</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">Banchan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_folklore" title="Korean folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_traditional_festivals" title="List of Korean traditional festivals">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing" title="List of Korean clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanbok" title="Hanbok">Hanbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mask" title="Korean mask">Tal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Korea" title="Sport in Korea">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_South_Korea" title="Video games in South Korea">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;"> Symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:95%;"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_syriacus" title="Hibiscus syriacus">Mugunghwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektu_Mountain" title="Paektu Mountain">Paektu Mountain</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Aegukka" title="Aegukka">Aegukka</a>" <ul><li>North Korea</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Aegukga" title="Aegukga">Aegukga</a>" <ul><li>South Korea</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags" title="List of Korean flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taegeuk" title="Taegeuk">Taegeuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_North_Korea" title="Emblem of North Korea">Emblem of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_South_Korea" title="Emblem of South Korea">Emblem of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Cultural_Symbols_of_Korea" title="100 Cultural Symbols of Korea">100 Cultural Symbols of Korea</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Korea" title="Template:Culture of Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Korea" title="Template talk:Culture of Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Koreans<a href="#cite_note-26">[i]</a> are an <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnic group</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cell_Press-27">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-John_Wiley_&_Sons-28">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-GW-29">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wang_Yuchen-30">[21]</a> The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic <a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Koreans resided outside of Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a> Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Uzbekistan</a>. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Germany" title="Koreans in Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Koreans" title="British Koreans">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_France" title="Koreans in France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Canadians" title="Korean Canadians">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Australians" title="Korean Australians">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Zealanders" title="Korean New Zealanders">New Zealand</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names of Korea</a></div> South Koreans refer to themselves as Hanguk-in<a href="#cite_note-31">[j]</a> or Hanguk-saram,<a href="#cite_note-32">[k]</a> both of which mean "people of the Han". The "Han" in the names of the Korean Empire, Daehan Jeguk, and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Daehan Minguk or Hanguk, are named in reference to the Three Kingdoms of Korea, not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-33">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[23]</a> Members of the Korean diaspora often use the term Han-in.<a href="#cite_note-35">[l]</a> North Koreans refer to themselves as Joseon-in<a href="#cite_note-36">[m]</a> or Joseon-saram,<a href="#cite_note-37">[n]</a> both of which literally mean "people of Joseon". The term is derived from <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>, the last dynastic kingdom of Korea. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans in China</a> refer to themselves as Chaoxianzu<a href="#cite_note-38">[o]</a> in Chinese or Joseonjok, Joseonsaram<a href="#cite_note-39">[p]</a> in Korean, which are <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> that literally mean "Joseon <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnic group</a>".<a href="#cite_note-40">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Koreans in Japan</a> refer to themselves as Zainichi Chousenjin, Chousenjin<a href="#cite_note-42">[q]</a> in Japanese or Jaeil Joseonin, Joseonsaram, Joseonin<a href="#cite_note-43">[r]</a> in Korean. Ethnic Koreans living in Russia and Central Asia refer to themselves as <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[s]</a> alluding to <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a>, a Korean dynasty spanning from 918 to 1392, which also spawned the word 'Korea'. In the chorus of the <a href="/wiki/Aegukga" title="Aegukga">South Korean national anthem</a>, Koreans are referred to as Daehan-saram ("people of the great han").<a href="#cite_note-45">[t]</a> In an inter-Korean context, such as when dealing with the <a href="/wiki/Koreanic_languages" title="Koreanic languages">Koreanic languages</a> or the Korean ethnicity as a whole, South Koreans use the term 'Hangyeore'.<a href="#cite_note-46">[u]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> The origin of Koreans has not been well clarified yet. Based on linguistic, archaeologic and genetic evidence, their place of origin is located somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a>, but its exact pattern of expansion and arrival into the Korean peninsula remain unclear.<a href="#cite_note-47">[26]</a> Koreans were suggested to have originated from a similar source as Central Asian Mongolians from a genetic perspective.<a href="#cite_note-pubmed1510113-48">[27]</a> Archaeological evidence suggests that Proto-Koreans were migrants from <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Bronze Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[28]</a> The origins of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> and people are subjects of ongoing debate. Some theories suggest connections to the Altaic region, proposing links with languages and populations in Northern Asia, including Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic groups. However, these claims remain inconclusive, and many scholars argue that Korean belongs to its own distinct Koreanic family, with unique linguistic and cultural origins.<a href="#cite_note-researchgateAltaic-50">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[30]</a> Koreanic speakers from Northeast Asia, migrated southward, replacing and assimilating Japonic speakers.<a href="#cite_note-52">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[32]</a> Whitman (2011) suggests that the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Korean" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Korean">Proto-Koreans</a> arrived in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> at around 300 BCE and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them).<a href="#cite_note-54">[33]</a> Vovin suggests Proto-Korean is equivalent to the variant of Koreanic languages spoken in Southern Manchuria and northern Korean peninsula by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> period and spread to Southern Korea through influence from <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo migrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[34]</a> The arrival of early Koreans can be associated with the Bronze Age dagger culture, which expanded from the West Liao River region.<a href="#cite_note-KimPark-56">[35]</a> Archaeologic evidence points to a connection between the pottery-making style of the Late Neolithic to Bronze Age cultures in the West Liao River basin and the Korean peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-57">[36]</a> Miyamoto 2021 similarly argues that Proto-Koreanic arrived with the "rolled rim vessel culture" (Jeomtodae culture) from the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>, gradually replacing the Japonic speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun</a>-<a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[37]</a> However, some scholars[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] reject the notion that the Korean speakers were not native to the Korean Peninsula, and argue that no solid evidence of such linguistic migration/shift as well as population and material change in the peninsular region has ever been found to support later migrations.<a href="#cite_note-KimPark-56">[35]</a> The largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a> in the world is found on the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>. In fact, with an estimated 35,000-100,000 dolmens,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson1993147-59">[38]</a> Korea accounts for nearly 40% of the world's total. Similar dolmens can be found in Northeast China, the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> island, yet it is unclear why this culture only flourished so extensively on the Korean Peninsula and its surroundings compared to the bigger remainder of Northeast Asia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genetics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_East_Asians#Korean_people" title="Genetic history of East Asians">Genetic history of East Asians § Korean people</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:235px;max-width:235px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:233px;max-width:233px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Geographic_location_and_dates_of_ancient_individuals_in_Northern_East_Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Geographic_location_and_dates_of_ancient_individuals_in_Northern_East_Asia.png/250px-Geographic_location_and_dates_of_ancient_individuals_in_Northern_East_Asia.png" decoding="async" width="231" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Geographic_location_and_dates_of_ancient_individuals_in_Northern_East_Asia.png/500px-Geographic_location_and_dates_of_ancient_individuals_in_Northern_East_Asia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="1761" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Geographic location and dates of ancient individuals in Northeast Asia. The Bronze Age West Liao River farmers (WLR_BA) display long-term genetic continuity with modern Koreans.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:233px;max-width:233px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-Koreanic_expansion_(Whiteman_2011).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Proto-Koreanic_expansion_%28Whiteman_2011%29.png/250px-Proto-Koreanic_expansion_%28Whiteman_2011%29.png" decoding="async" width="231" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Proto-Koreanic_expansion_%28Whiteman_2011%29.png/500px-Proto-Koreanic_expansion_%28Whiteman_2011%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="731" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Proto-Macro-Koreanic arrived after Proto-Japonic from Liaodong and the Changbaishan region with the introduction of bronze daggers around 300 BC.<a href="#cite_note-60">[39]</a></div></div></div></div></div> A population genetic study examined the origins of Koreans using 13 polymorphic and 7 monomorphic blood genetic markers (serum proteins and red cell enzymes) from 437 Koreans. Genetic distance analyses, performed through cluster and principal components models, compared Koreans with eight populations: <a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese" title="Korean Chinese">Korean Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuangs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asians">Soviet Asians</a>. This analysis, based on 47 alleles across 15 polymorphic loci, demonstrated that Koreans genetically share similarities with Central Asian Mongolian groups. A more detailed analysis using 65 alleles across 19 polymorphic loci reinforced these findings, and also revealed a closer genetic relationship between Koreans and Japanese and a more distant relationship with Han Chinese. The results align with ethnohistoric accounts of the origin of Koreans and their language. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Korean minority in China</a> were shown to have maintained their distinct genetic identity.<a href="#cite_note-61">[40]</a> Modern Koreans can be modeled to be derived primarily from Bronze Age farmers from the West <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[41]</a> West Liao River farmers of the Bronze Age themselves can be modelled to be derived from the combination of two <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Northern_East_Asian" title="Ancient Northern East Asian">Ancient Northern East Asian</a> lineages, namely "Neolithic Yellow River farmers" and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Northeast_Asian" title="Ancient Northeast Asian">Ancient Northeast Asians</a> (Amur hunter-gatherers) during the Neolithic period. The spread of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Koreanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Koreanic">Proto-Koreanic</a> can be linked to the expansion of Bronze Age West Liao River farmers. It is also suggested that this type of ancestry was introduced into the Japanese gene pool by early Koreanic speakers, during the <a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[42]</a> WLR_BA ancestry is also associated with the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Upper Xiajiadian culture">Upper Xiajiadian culture</a>, which in turn can be used as source proxy for Bronze Age and modern Koreans.<a href="#cite_note-64">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[44]</a> Wang and Wang (2022) stated that Koreans in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_period_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kingdoms period of Korea">Three Kingdoms Period</a> had <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_people" title="Jōmon people">Jōmon</a> ancestry, which ranged from 10% to 95%,<a href="#cite_note-66">[45]</a> and significantly contributed to the genetic makeup of modern Koreans. But subsequent arrivals of newcomers from <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> 'diluted' this Jōmon ancestry and made the Koreans genetically homogenous.<a href="#cite_note-67">[46]</a> One study suggests that modern Koreans may have approximately 85% of their ancestry from Bronze Age populations of the West Liao River region and 15% from settlers associated with Taiwan's Hanben culture. Additionally, interactions with settlers from southern China (associated with Iron Age Cambodians) are proposed to account for significant genetic variation in modern Koreans.<a href="#cite_note-68">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[48]</a> Jōmon ancestry in modern Koreans is also estimated to be about 5%.<a href="#cite_note-:4-70">[49]</a> Koreans display high frequencies of the Y-DNA haplogroups <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M122" title="Haplogroup O-M122">O2-M122</a> (approximately 40% of all present-day Korean males), O1b2-M176 (approximately 30%), and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M217" title="Haplogroup C-M217">C2-M217</a> (approximately 15%).<a href="#cite_note-71">[50]</a> Some regional variance may exist; in a study of South Korean Y-DNA published in 2011, the ratio of O2-M122 to O1b2-M176 is greatest in Seoul-Gyeonggi (1.8065), with the ratio declining in a counterclockwise direction around South Korea (Chungcheong 1.6364, Jeolla 1.3929, Jeju 1.3571, Gyeongsang 1.2400, Gangwon 0.9600).<a href="#cite_note-72">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M217" title="Haplogroup C-M217">Haplogroup C2-M217</a> tends to be found in about 13% of males from most regions of South Korea, but it is somewhat more common (about 17%) among males from the <a href="/wiki/Gyeongsang_Province" title="Gyeongsang Province">Gyeongsang</a> region in the southeast of the peninsula and somewhat less common (about 7%) among males from <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a>, located off the southwest coast of the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Kim2011-77">[56]</a> Haplogroup C2-M217 has been found in a greater proportion (about 26%) of a small sample (n=19) of males from North Korea.<a href="#cite_note-Zhong2010-78">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zhong2011-79">[58]</a> However, haplogroups are not a reliable indicator of an individual's overall ancestry; Koreans are more similar to one another in regard to their autosomes than they are similar to members of other ethnic groups. Studies of <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">polymorphisms in the human Y-chromosome</a> have so far produced evidence to suggest that the Korean people have a long history as a distinct, mostly <a href="/wiki/Endogamy" title="Endogamy">endogamous</a> ethnic group, with successive prehistoric waves of people moving to the peninsula and two major Y-chromosome haplogroups.<a href="#cite_note-80">[59]</a> The mitochondrial DNA markers (<a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mtDNA haplogroups</a> and HVR-I sequences) of Korean populations showed close relationships with Manchurians, Japanese, Mongolians and Northern Chinese but not with Southeast Asians. Y-chromosomal distances showed a close relationship to most East Asian population groups, including Southeast Asian ones.<a href="#cite_note-Jin-81">[60]</a> Ancient genome comparisons revealed that the genetic makeup of Koreans can be best described as an admixture of the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Chertovy_Vorota_Cave" title="Chertovy Vorota Cave">Devil's Gate</a> genome in the Amur region in the Russian Far-East adjacent to North Korea as well as that of rice-farming agriculturalists from the Yangtze river valley.<a href="#cite_note-Jin2-82">[61]</a> The results from the findings in the Devil's Gate showed that the ancient populations of the area were already admixed from both Northeast Asian and Southeast Asian sources although the study's authors acknowledge that the sample size is too small to make this conclusion. These groups correlate closely to modern Koreanic and Japonic, who form a cluster in regional comparisons, along with certain Tungusic groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Ulch_people" title="Ulch people">Ulchis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanais</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oroqens" class="mw-redirect" title="Oroqens">Oroqens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[62]</a> Koreans share a close genetic relationship with Yamato Japanese and Manchu populations, as well as other Tungusic-speaking groups, reflecting shared ancestry and historical interactions. Additionally, they exhibit genetic affinity with Northern Han Chinese populations, though to a lesser degree compared to Manchu and Japanese populations. These relationships are supported by genome-wide analyses highlighting the complex genetic structure of East Asian populations.<a href="#cite_note-Cell_Press-27">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-John_Wiley_&_Sons-28">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wang_Yuchen-30">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-GW-29">[20]</a> The study "Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia" states that Koreans are genetically closest to Yamato Japanese based on FST genetic distance measurements. The research highlights the complex genetic structure of East Asian populations, shaped by historical migrations and admixture events.<a href="#cite_note-86">[65]</a> The reference population for Koreans used in <a href="/wiki/Genographic_Project#Geno_2.0_Next_Generation" title="Genographic Project">Geno 2.0 Next Generation</a> is 94% Eastern Asia and 5% Southeast Asia & Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-87">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genealogy">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Foundation" title="Korea Foundation">Korea Foundation</a> Associate Professor of History, Eugene Y. Park said that many Koreans seem to have a <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogical</a> memory blackout before the twentieth century.<a href="#cite_note-ProfessorEugenePark-88">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[68]</a> According to him the vast majority of Koreans do not know their actual genealogical history. Through "inventing tradition" in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, families devised a kind of master narrative story that purports to explain a surname-ancestral seat combination's history to the extent where it is next to impossible to look beyond these master narrative stories.<a href="#cite_note-90">[69]</a> He gave an example of what "inventing tradition" was like from his own family's genealogy where a document from 1873 recorded three children in a particular family and a later 1920 document recorded an extra son in that same family.<a href="#cite_note-91">[70]</a> Park said that these master narratives connect the same surname and ancestral seat to a single, common ancestor. This trend became universal in the nineteenth century, but genealogies which were published in the seventeenth century actually admit that they did not know how the different lines of the same surname or ancestral seat are related at all.<a href="#cite_note-92">[71]</a> Only a small percentage of Koreans had surnames and ancestral seats to begin with, and that the rest of the Korean population had adopted these surname and ancestral seat identities within the last two to three hundred years.<a href="#cite_note-93">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture of Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Korea" title="Culture of North Korea">Culture of North Korea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Korea" title="Culture of South Korea">Culture of South Korea</a></div> North Korea and South Korea share a common heritage, but the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">political division</a> since 1945 has resulted in some divergence of their modern cultures.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></div> The language of the Korean people is the <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a>, which uses <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, invented by <a href="/wiki/Sejong_the_Great" title="Sejong the Great">Sejong the Great</a>, as its main writing system. Daily usage of <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> has been phased out in Korean peninsula other than usage by some South Korean newspapers and media companies when referring to key politicians (e.g. current and former Presidents, leaders of major political parties) or handful of countries (e.g. China, Japan, Canada, United States, United Kingdom) as an abbreviation. Otherwise, Hanja is exclusively used for academic, historical and religious purposes. Roman alphabet is the de facto secondary writing system in South Korea especially for loan words and is widely used in day-to-day and official communication. There are more than 78 million speakers of the Korean language worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-ethnologue.com-94">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG/250px-Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG/330px-Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG/500px-Korea-Seoul-Royal_wedding_ceremony_1365-06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Korean royal wedding ceremony with the male wearing royal costume</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Korean diaspora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">Demographics of South Korea</a></div> Large-scale emigration from Korea began as early as the mid-1860s, mainly into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> (also historically known by the <a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">exonym</a> <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>); these populations would later grow to more than two million <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans in China</a> and several hundred thousand <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> (ethnic Koreans in Central Asia and the former <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>).<a href="#cite_note-LeeKK-95">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-SJKim-96">[75]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> of 1910–1945, Koreans were often recruited and or forced into labour service to work in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Japan" title="Mainland Japan">mainland Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto Prefecture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>; the ones who chose to remain in Japan at the end of the war became known as <a href="/wiki/Zainichi_Koreans" class="mw-redirect" title="Zainichi Koreans">Zainichi Koreans</a>, while the roughly 40,000 Koreans who were trapped in Karafuto after the Soviet invasion are typically referred to as <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">Sakhalin Koreans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Byong-97">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: South Korea">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folklorecoreano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Folklorecoreano.jpg/220px-Folklorecoreano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Folklorecoreano.jpg/330px-Folklorecoreano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Folklorecoreano.jpg/440px-Folklorecoreano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Korean folklore show in <a href="/wiki/La_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Coruña">La Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</figcaption></figure> In June 2012, South Korea's population reached 50 million<a href="#cite_note-99">[78]</a> and by the end of 2016, South Korea's population has surpassed 51 million people.<a href="#cite_note-100">[79]</a> Since the 2000s, South Korea has been struggling with a low birthrate, leading some researchers to suggest that if current population trends hold, the country's population will shrink to approximately 38 million population towards the end of the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-101">[80]</a> In 2018, fertility in South Korea became again a topic of international debate after only 26,500 babies were born in October and an estimated of 325,000 babies in the year, causing the country to have the lowest birth rate in the world.<a href="#cite_note-102">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North Korea">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">Demographics of North Korea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg/250px-Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg/330px-Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg/440px-Panmunjeom_inside_barack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>North Korean soldiers wearing Soviet-inspired uniform in the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Security_Area" title="Joint Security Area">Joint Security Area</a></figcaption></figure> Estimating the size, growth rate, <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a>, and age structure of North Korea's population has been extremely difficult. Until release of official data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures. After 1963 demographers used varying methods to estimate the population. They either totalled the number of delegates elected to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a> (each delegate representing 50,000 people before 1962 and 30,000 people afterwards) or relied on official statements that a certain number of persons, or percentage of the population, was engaged in a particular activity. Thus, on the basis of remarks made by President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> in 1977 concerning school attendance, the population that year was calculated at 17.2 million persons. During the 1980s, health statistics, including life expectancy and causes of mortality, were gradually made available to the outside world.<a href="#cite_note-Savada1994-105">[84]</a> In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(North_Korea)" title="Central Bureau of Statistics (North Korea)">Central Bureau of Statistics</a> released demographic data to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> in order to secure the UNFPA's assistance in holding North Korea's first nationwide census since the establishment of the state in 1948. Although the figures given to the United Nations might have been distorted, it appears that in line with other attempts to open itself to the outside world, the North Korean regime has also opened somewhat in the demographic realm. Although the country lacks trained demographers, accurate data on household registration, migration, and births and deaths are available to North Korean authorities. According to the United States scholar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Eberstadt" title="Nicholas Eberstadt">Nicholas Eberstadt</a> and demographer Brian Ko, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri ("village", the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea#Third-level_divisions" title="Administrative divisions of North Korea">local administrative unit</a>) level in rural areas and the dong ("district" or "block") level in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-Savada1994-105">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_diaspora">Korean diaspora</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Korean diaspora">edit</a>]</div> Korean emigration to the U.S. was known to have begun as early as 1903, but the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean American</a> community did not grow to a significant size until after the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a>; as of 2017, excluding the undocumented and uncounted, roughly 1.85 million Koreans emigrants and people of Korean descent live in the United States according to the official figure by the US Census.<a href="#cite_note-koreanamericanstory.org-106">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> in the United States contain the largest populations of ethnic Koreans outside of Korea or China. The Korean population in the United States represents a small share of the American economy, but has a disproportionately positive impact.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a> have a savings rate double that of the U.S. average and also graduate from college at a rate double that of the U.S. average, providing highly skilled and educated professionals to the American workforce.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the U.S. Census Bureau's Census 2021 data, median household earnings for Korean Americans was $82,946, approximately 19.0% higher than the U.S. average at the time of $69,717.<a href="#cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau-107">[86]</a> Significant Overseas Korean populations are also present in China, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and Canada as well. The number of <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Indonesia" title="Koreans in Indonesia">Koreans in Indonesia</a> grew during the 1980s, while during the 1990s and 2000s the number of <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Philippines" title="Koreans in the Philippines">Koreans in the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Koreans in Vietnam</a> have also grown significantly.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes-108">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meinardus-109">[88]</a> In Central Asia, significant populations reside in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, as well as parts of Russia including the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Far East</a>. Known as <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a>, many of these are descendants of Koreans who were forcely deported during the Soviet Union's <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a> regime.<a href="#cite_note-110">[89]</a> The Korean overseas community of <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> is the 5th largest outside Korea.<a href="#cite_note-MOFA-6">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Koreans" title="British Koreans">British Koreans</a> now form Western Europe's largest Korean community, albeit still relatively small; <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Germany" title="Koreans in Germany">Koreans in Germany</a> used to outnumber those in the UK until the late 1990s. In Australia, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Australians" title="Korean Australians">Korean Australians</a> comprise a modest minority. Koreans have migrated[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">where?</a>] significantly since the 1960s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part-Korean_populations">Part-Korean populations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Part-Korean populations">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Pak_Noja" title="Pak Noja">Pak Noja</a> said that there were 5,747 Japanese-Korean couples in Korea at the end of 1941.<a href="#cite_note-111">[90]</a> Pak Cheil estimated there to be 70,000 to 80,000 "semi-Koreans" in Japan in the years immediately after the war.<a href="#cite_note-112">[91]</a> Many of them remained in Japan as <a href="/wiki/Zainichi_Koreans" class="mw-redirect" title="Zainichi Koreans">Zainichi Koreans</a>, maintaining their Korean heritage. However, due to assimilation, their numbers are much lower in recent times. <a href="/wiki/Kopino" title="Kopino">Kopinos</a> are people of mixed <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a> and Korean descent. The 'Mixed Filipino Heritage Act of 2020' estimated there were around 30,000 Kopinos.<a href="#cite_note-113">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_H%C3%A0n" title="Lai Đại Hàn">Lai Đại Hàn</a> is a Vietnamese term referring to mixed children born to South Korean men and South Vietnamese women during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. These children were largely conceived as the result of wartime rape. No exact data is available on the number of Korean-Vietnamese because many of them choose to conceal their roots, but an estimate by a Korean scholar says the number of Lai Dai Han around the world is at least 5,000 to as many as 150,000.<a href="#cite_note-kameyama-114">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">Demographics of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">Ethnic groups in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> In 2019, 95.1% of South Korea population was South Korean by nationality and 4.9% were of foreign nationality. South Korea is thus considered one of the most ethnically homogeneous societies in the world. Precise number of ethnic Koreans specifically is difficult to estimate since South Korean statistics do not record ethnicity. Furthermore, many immigrants are repatriated ethnic Koreans themselves while unknown number of South Korean citizens are not ethnically Korean which skews any statistical estimate. Some of the largest groups of immigrants are ethnic Koreans from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Joseonjok</a>), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Zainichi</a>) and the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Due to the country's isolationist policies, North Korea is presumed to be almost entirely homogeneous. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> This includes South Korean and North Korean people in China. Korean with Chinese citizenship is referred to in China as <a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Joseonjok</a> in Korean and <a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Referred to in Japan as <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Zainichi</a> in Japanese. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Koreans of Uzbekistan are part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> identity. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Koreans of Russia are part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> identity. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Koreans of Kazkahstan are part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> identity. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Koreans of Ukraine are part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> identity. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_standard_language" title="South Korean standard language">South Korean</a>: 한민족/한국인/한국사람, 韓民族/韓國人/韓國사람, Han minjok (Han ethnic group), Hanguk-in (persons of the Han country), Hanguksaram (Han country people), <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_standard_language" title="North Korean standard language">North Korean</a>: 조선민족/조선인/조선사람, 朝鮮民族/朝鮮人/朝鮮사람, Joseon minjok (Korean ethnic group), Joseon-in (Joseon persons)/Joseonsaram (Joseon people); see <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names of Korea</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> 한국인; 韓國人 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> 한국 사람 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> 한인; 韓人; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> people of Han </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> 조선인; 朝鮮人 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> 조선 사람 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 朝鲜族 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 조선족, 조선사람 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> 在日朝鮮人, 朝鮮人, Zainichi Chousenjin, Chousenjin </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 재일조선인, 조선사람, 조선인 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 고려 사람; <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>: Корё сарам </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 대한사람, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'People of Great Han' </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 한겨레; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: Hangyeore; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: Han'gyŏre, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'nations/people of Han' </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kor-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Kor_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kor/">"Korean"</a>. 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Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2: e12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2020.13">10.1017/ehs.2020.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2513-843X">2513-843X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427441">10427441</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588344">37588344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Millet+vs+rice%3A+an+evaluation+of+the+farming%2Flanguage+dispersal+hypothesis+in+the+Korean+context&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e12&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427441%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2513-843X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37588344&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2020.13&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jangsuk&rft.au=Park%2C+Jinho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubmed1510113-48"><a href="#cite_ref-pubmed1510113_48-0">^</a> Kim, W., Saitou, N., & Jin, L. (1992). [Phylogenetic relationships of East Asian populations, inferred from restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNA](<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1510113/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1510113/</a>). *Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9*(5), 547-553. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040753 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhn2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ahn, Sung-Mo (June 2010). "The emergence of rice agriculture in Korea: archaeobotanical perspectives". 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(2021). [Relationship between the Altaic Languages and the Korean Language](<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348061296_Relationship_between_the_Altaic_Languages_and_the_Korean_Language">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348061296_Relationship_between_the_Altaic_Languages_and_the_Korean_Language</a>). *ResearchGate.* </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChoLee2022" class="citation book cs1">Cho, Sungdai; Lee, Hyo Sang (2022). Korean: A Linguistic Introduction. 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Studia Orientalia (108). <q>... there are strong indications that the neighbouring Baekje state (in the southwest) was predominantly Japonic-speaking until it was linguistically Koreanized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Orientalia&rft.atitle=RReconstructing+the+Language+Map+of+Prehistorical+Northeast+Asia&rft.issue=108&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.aufirst=Juha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVovin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Vovin, Alexander (31 December 2013). "From Koguryŏ to T'amna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean". Korean Linguistics. 15 (2): 217–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fkl.15.2.03vov">10.1075/kl.15.2.03vov</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Linguistics&rft.atitle=From+Kogury%C5%8F+to+T%27amna%3A+Slowly+riding+to+the+South+with+speakers+of+Proto-Korean&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E217-%3C%2Fspan%3E235&rft.date=2013-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fkl.15.2.03vov&rft.aulast=Vovin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Whitman, John (1 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">"Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan"</a>. Rice. 4 (3): 149–158. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Rice....4..149W">2011Rice....4..149W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rice&rft.atitle=Northeast+Asian+Linguistic+Ecology+and+the+Advent+of+Rice+Agriculture+in+Korea+and+Japan&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Rice....4..149W&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs12284-011-9080-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Vovin, Alexander (2008). From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly Riding to the South with Speakers of Proto-Korean". Korean Linguistics. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Vovin%2C+Alexander+%282008%29.+From+Koguryo+to+Tamna%3A+Slowly+Riding+to+the+South+with+Speakers+of+Proto-Korean&rft.volume=15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> Linguistic evidence indicates speakers of </li> <li id="cite_note-KimPark-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KimPark_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KimPark_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimPark2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Jangsuk; Park, Jinho (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427441">"Millet vs rice: an evaluation of the farming/language dispersal hypothesis in the Korean context"</a>. Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. Cambridge University Press: e12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2020.13">10.1017/ehs.2020.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2513-843X">2513-843X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427441">10427441</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588344">37588344</a>. <q>He also suggests that the arrival of Koreanic in Korea was associated with the spread of the Korean-style bronze dagger culture from present-day northeast China to Korea around 300 BCE. ... While pottery styles clearly differ between northeast China and the Korean Peninsula, an influx of northeast Chinese pottery styles into Korea has not been detected, and the styles of the two areas remain distinct long after the appearance of millet with little change in Chulmun pottery styles over time. ... However, as outlined above, because the Korean Peninsula was already occupied by Chulmun hunter–fisher–gatherers since at least 6000 BCE, a key to evaluating the millet hypothesis is determining whether millet was adopted by the Chulmun foragers (diffusion) or whether it was brought along as a part of a large-scale migration of farmers from Liaoning. If millet was introduced as a result of a large-scale migration of farmers from Liaoning, an archaeologically detectable influx of Liaoning culture and changes in material culture after the introduction of millet should be expected, because vessel shape, manufacturing technology and the design layout and motifs of Korean Chulmun pottery markedly differ from those of Liaoning pottery. However, there is no detectable appearance of elements of Liaoning material culture that accompanies the arrival of millets. ... Even if millet was brought by some migrants from northeast China to Korea, archaeological evidence demonstrates that the scale of migration was probably not large enough to lead to a fundamental linguistic change or the dispersal of a linguistic family.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Millet+vs+rice%3A+an+evaluation+of+the+farming%2Flanguage+dispersal+hypothesis+in+the+Korean+context&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e12&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427441%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2513-843X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37588344&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2020.13&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jangsuk&rft.au=Park%2C+Jinho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10427441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOsadaKawai2021" class="citation journal cs1">Osada, Naoki; Kawai, Yosuke (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/129/1/129_201215/_html/-char/ja">"Exploring models of human migration to the Japanese archipelago using genome-wide genetic data"</a>. 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Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2021.49">10.1017/ehs.2021.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2324%2F4796095">2324/4796095</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2513-843X">2513-843X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426040">10426040</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588923">37588923</a>. <q>Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the people of the Jeomtodae pottery culture, the direct ancestors of Three kingdom states, spoke Proto-Koreanic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+emergence+of+%27Transeurasian%27+language+families+in+Northeast+Asia+as+viewed+from+archaeological+evidence&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=e3&rft.date=2022-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2324%2F4796095&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2021.49&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37588923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10426040%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2513-843X&rft.aulast=Miyamoto&rft.aufirst=Kazuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10426040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson1993147-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson1993147_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNelson1993">Nelson 1993</a>, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Whitman, John (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">"Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan"</a>. Rice. 4 (3): 149–158. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Rice....4..149W">2011Rice....4..149W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-8433">1939-8433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rice&rft.atitle=Northeast+Asian+Linguistic+Ecology+and+the+Advent+of+Rice+Agriculture+in+Korea+and+Japan&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.date=2011-12&rft.issn=1939-8433&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Rice....4..149W&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs12284-011-9080-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Kim W, Han BG, Shin DJ, et al. Origin of Koreans: A population genetic study. *PubMed*. 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1510113/">[2]</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1510113/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1510113/</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSunTaoWangZhu2023" class="citation journal cs1">Sun, Na; Tao, Le; Wang, Rui; Zhu, Kongyang; Hai, Xiangjun; Wang, Chuan-Chao (2 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2023.2182912">"The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China"</a>. Annals of Human Biology. 50 (1): 161–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2023.2182912">10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4460">0301-4460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36809229">36809229</a>. <q>Koreans can also be modelled as deriving ancestry from a single source related to WLR_BA, consisting of the transmission route of farming from the northeast to the Korean Peninsula and even the Japanese islands (Kwak et al. 2017; Kim and Park 2020).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=The+genetic+structure+and+admixture+of+Manchus+and+Koreans+in+northeast+China&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E161-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.date=2023-01-02&rft.issn=0301-4460&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36809229&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2023.2182912&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Na&rft.au=Tao%2C+Le&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rui&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kongyang&rft.au=Hai%2C+Xiangjun&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chuan-Chao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F03014460.2023.2182912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangWang2022" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Rui; Wang, Chuan-Chao (8 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2022.06.044">"Human genetics: The dual origin of Three Kingdoms period Koreans"</a>. Current Biology. 32 (15): R844 – R847. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022CBio...32.R844W">2022CBio...32.R844W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2022.06.044">10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.044</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822">0960-9822</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35944486">35944486</a>. <q>The northern East Asian ancestry was suggested to be related to the Neolithic West Liao River farmers in northeast China, who were an admixture of ANA and NYR ancestry3. 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(2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250502">"The Origin and Composition of Korean Ethnicity Analyzed by Ancient and Present-Day Genome Sequences"</a>. Genome Biology and Evolution. 12 (5): 553–565. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevaa062">10.1093/gbe/evaa062</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250502">7250502</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32219389">32219389</a>. <q>[...] the current genetic foundation of Koreans may have been established through a rapid admixture with ancient Southern Chinese populations associated with Iron Age Cambodians. We speculate that this admixing trend initially occurred mostly outside the Korean peninsula followed by continuous spread and localization in Korea, corresponding to the general admixture trend of East Asia. Over 70% of extant Korean genetic diversity is explained to be derived from such a recent population expansion and admixture from the South.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+Origin+and+Composition+of+Korean+Ethnicity+Analyzed+by+Ancient+and+Present-Day+Genome+Sequences&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E553-%3C%2Fspan%3E565&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7250502%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32219389&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevaa062&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jungeun&rft.au=Jeon%2C+Sungwon&rft.au=Choi%2C+Jae-Pil&rft.au=Blazyte%2C+Asta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7250502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSunTaoWangZhu2023" class="citation journal cs1">Sun, Na; Tao, Le; Wang, Rui; Zhu, Kongyan; Hai, Xiangjun; Wang, Chuan-Chao (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912#abstract">"The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China"</a>. 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Cambridge: The Genetics Society of Korea (published 2014): 360. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13258-013-0082-8">10.1007/s13258-013-0082-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256065429">256065429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+Genom&rft.atitle=Dissecting+the+genetic+structure+of+Korean+population+using+genome-wide+SNP+arrays&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=360&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13258-013-0082-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256065429%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Young+Jin&rft.au=Jin%2C+Han+Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPanXu2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pan, Ziqing; Xu, Shuhua (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724877">"Population genomics of East Asian ethnic groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas">Hereditas</a>. 157 (49). Berlin: <a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a> (published 2020): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs41065-020-00162-w">10.1186/s41065-020-00162-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724877">7724877</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33292737">33292737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hereditas&rft.atitle=Population+genomics+of+East+Asian+ethnic+groups&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7724877%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33292737&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs41065-020-00162-w&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Ziqing&rft.au=Xu%2C+Shuhua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7724877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangYehPopov2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Chuan-Chao; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Popov, Alexander (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993749">"Population genomics of East Asian ethnic groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 7850 (591). Berlin: <a href="/wiki/Nature_Portfolio" title="Nature Portfolio">Nature Portfolio</a>: 413–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03336-2">10.1038/s41586-021-03336-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993749">7993749</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33618348">33618348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Population+genomics+of+East+Asian+ethnic+groups&rft.volume=7850&rft.issue=591&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E413-%3C%2Fspan%3E419&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7993749%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33618348&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03336-2&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chuan-Chao&rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hui-Yuan&rft.au=Popov%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7993749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Genographic_Project#Geno_2.0_Next_Generation" title="Genographic Project">Reference Populations - Geno 2.0 Next Generation</a> . (2017). <a href="/wiki/Genographic_Project" title="Genographic Project">The Genographic Project</a>. Retrieved 15 May 2017, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen/">link.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031612/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen//">Archived</a> 7 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProfessorEugenePark-88"><a href="#cite_ref-ProfessorEugenePark_88-0">^</a> Eugene Y. Park. (n.d.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences">Penn Arts & Sciences</a> East Asian Languages and Civilizations. Retrieved 24 January 2018, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/ealc/people/eugene-y-park">link.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111194602/https://www.sas.upenn.edu/ealc/people/eugene-y-park">Archived</a> 11 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Eugene Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=7m6s">from the 7:06 mark of the YouTube video to the 7:38 mark of the YouTube video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905151326/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=7m6s">Archived</a> 5 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, said, "Secondly, on the one hand, so many Koreans seem to talk, to be able to tell, one, something about his or her <a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)#Gyeongju" title="Kim (Korean surname)">Gyeongju Kim</a> ancestors, of a <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> kingdom two-thousand years ago. And yet, such a person is unlikely to be able to tell you something about his or her great-great-grandparents, what they were doing hundred years ago, what their occupations were, where they were living, where their family graves are. In other words, a memory blackout, before the twentieth century." </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Eugene Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=16m54s">from the 16:54 mark of the YouTube video to the 18:54 mark of the YouTube video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705053044/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=16m54s">Archived</a> 5 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, said, "So, from this point on, then, I would like to survey, how the Koreans descended. Koreans, depending on their ancestors' status category, have dealt with genealogy and ancestry consciousness, in the last, differently, in the last two centuries. And, of course, most Koreans are not descendants of aristocrats, but, the, but what happened in the last hundred fifty, hundred to hundred fifty years, is that those Koreans, the vast majority of Koreans have lost memory of their actual history, in the sense where now, any outside observer who might ask a Korean person about ancestry, would be left with the impression that every Korean is now of aristocratic descent. So let me begin with the aristocracy. In the early modern era, the kind of a master narrative, stories that purport to explain a particular surname-ancestral seat combination's history, crystallize, they became set in stone, through inventing tradition. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century, many, all families devise such a stories, to the extent where, now today in Korea, anybody who is interested in tracing his or her ancestry, has to deal with such master narratives, but at the same time it is next to impossible to look beyond master narratives. In other words, in Korea, today, there's little sense of doing the kind of doing the genealogical research that you and I would do in the United States, by looking at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">Census</a> documents, and other types of documentation, that have been passed down through generations, or, have been maintained by the government." </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Eugene Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=28m32s">from the 28:32 mark of the YouTube video to the 29:21 mark of the YouTube video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905151321/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=28m32s">Archived</a> 5 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, said, "This is an example. Here we see records that gives us a better sense of what inventing tradition was like. Here, a page from an eighteen seventy-three Miryang Pak family genealogy. Here's a man, indicated inside the circle named, Ju (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%91#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:冑">冑</a>). He had three sons: Eun-gyeong, Hyeon-gyeong, Won-gyeong (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:恩">恩</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:慶">慶</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B3%A2#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:賢">賢</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:慶">慶</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%83#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:元">元</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:慶">慶</a>). But the edition that was published a bit later in the nineteen twenty, so we see the same man, Ju, and, under him, we see sons: Eun-gyeong, Hyeon-gyeong, Won-gyeong and, the extra, the fourth son, out of nowhere, Tōkhwa (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B3#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:徳">徳</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF#Korean" class="extiw" title="wikt:華">華</a>). Actually, this is my family. So, this was commonly done in the modern era, the children, son out of nowhere or claims that we were left out centuries ago, and please include us." </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Eugene Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=18m55s">from the 18:55 mark of the YouTube video to the 19:30 mark of the YouTube video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901121608/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=18m55s">Archived</a> 1 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, said, "And, these master narratives, genealogically connect all descent lines of a same surname and ancestral seat, to a single, common, ancestor. And, this was the pattern that was, that became universal by the nineteenth century. Whereas, genealogies published in the seventeenth century, actually, frankly admit that we do not know how these different lines of the same surname or ancestral seat are related or connected at all. So, all these changes took place only in the last two hundred years or so." </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Eugene Y. Park, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=46m17s">from the 46:17 mark of the YouTube video to the 47:02 mark of the YouTube video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905151324/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akiv2ji6EiY&t=46m17s">Archived</a> 5 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, said, "At any rate, so, once, so, based on one's surname Kim, let's say, and the ancestral seat, <a href="/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)#Gimhae_(Kimhae)" title="Kim (Korean surname)">Kimhae</a>, which is the most common ancestral seat among Kim surname Koreans, one can then look up, consult reference books, encyclopedias, go online to, find all these stories about different branches, famous individuals who are Kimhae Kim. But the problem is, of course, before the early modern era, only a small percentage of Koreans had surnames and the ancestral seat to begin with. In other words, the rest of the population had adopted these identities in the last two-three hundred years, so where does one go from there? And, this was definitely my challenge when I was a child." </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue.com-94"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue.com_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kor">"Korean"</a>. ethnologue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918063934/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kor">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethnologue&rft.atitle=Korean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Dkor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeeKK-95"><a href="#cite_ref-LeeKK_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee_Kwang-kyu2000" class="citation book cs1">Lee Kwang-kyu (2000). Overseas Koreans. Seoul: Jimoondang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-88095-18-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-88095-18-8"><bdi>978-89-88095-18-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Overseas+Koreans&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Jimoondang&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-89-88095-18-8&rft.au=Lee+Kwang-kyu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SJKim-96"><a href="#cite_ref-SJKim_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim2003" class="citation conference cs1">Kim, Si-joong (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf">"The Economic Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in China"</a> (PDF). The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy. Institute for International Economics. pp. Ch. 6: 101–131. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102244/http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Status+and+Role+of+Ethnic+Koreans+in+China&rft.btitle=The+Korean+Diaspora+in+the+World+Economy&rft.pages=Ch.+6%3A+101-131&rft.pub=Institute+for+International+Economics&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Si-joong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iie.com%2Fpublications%2Fchapters_preview%2F365%2F6iie3586.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byong-97"><a href="#cite_ref-Byong_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBan2004" class="citation news cs1">Ban, Byung-yool (22 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050318164348/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200409/kt2004092218583111950.htm">"Koreans in Russia: Historical Perspective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200409/kt2004092218583111950.htm">the original</a> on 18 March 2005. Retrieved 20 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Koreans+in+Russia%3A+Historical+Perspective&rft.date=2004-09-22&rft.aulast=Ban&rft.aufirst=Byung-yool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimes.hankooki.com%2Flpage%2Fnation%2F200409%2Fkt2004092218583111950.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNonzakiInokuchiKim2006" class="citation journal cs1">Nonzaki, Yoshiki; Inokuchi, Hiromitsu; Kim, Tae-Young (4 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070125052048/http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220">"Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan's Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century"</a>. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 4 (9). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220">the original</a> on 25 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal%3A+Japan+Focus&rft.atitle=Legal+Categories%2C+Demographic+Change+and+Japan%27s+Korean+Residents+in+the+Long+Twentieth+Century&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2006-09-04&rft.aulast=Nonzaki&rft.aufirst=Yoshiki&rft.au=Inokuchi%2C+Hiromitsu&rft.au=Kim%2C+Tae-Young&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanfocus.org%2Fproducts%2Fdetails%2F2220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828073327/http://www.asianewsnet.net/news-32310.html">"South Korea's population passes 50 million"</a>. 22 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=South+Korea%27s+population+passes+50+million&rft.date=2012-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianewsnet.net%2Fhome%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D32310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL">"Population, total | Data"</a>. data.worldbank.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528005736/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Population%2C+total+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> These estimates are based on UN population division of 2017 version. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190123040242/https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2018&no=805398">"S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October …"</a>. archive.fo. 23 January 2019. 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The Economist. 30 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223517/https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/06/30/south-koreas-fertility-rate-is-the-lowest-in-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=South+Korea%27s+fertility+rate+is+the+lowest+in+the+world&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fasia%2F2018%2F06%2F30%2Fsouth-koreas-fertility-rate-is-the-lowest-in-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190130015554/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/01/119_262267.html">"Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official"</a>. archive.fo. 30 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/01/119_262267.html">the original</a> on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.fo&rft.atitle=Fertility+rate+dips+below+1+in+2018%3A+official&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2019%2F01%2F119_262267.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savada1994-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Savada1994_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savada1994_105-1">b</a> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/20px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/40px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSavada" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Savada, Andreas Matles (ed.). 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Washington: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8444-0794-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8444-0794-1">0-8444-0794-1</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-koreanamericanstory.org-106"><a href="#cite_ref-koreanamericanstory.org_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreanamericanstory.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=199&Itemid=134">"KoreanAmericanStory.org"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 May 2017, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pjpb7UgTheoC&q=Pak%20Cheil%20estimated">link.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=18&q=SBN-1300">"Mixed Filipino Heritage Act of 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930060702/https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=18&q=SBN-1300">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mixed+Filipino+Heritage+Act+of+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.senate.gov.ph%2Flis%2Fbill_res.aspx%3Fcongress%3D18%26q%3DSBN-1300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kameyama-114"><a href="#cite_ref-kameyama_114-0">^</a> A. Kameyama, Betonamu Sensou, Saigon Souru, Toukyou [Vietnam War, Saigon, Seoul, Tokyo], <a href="/wiki/Iwanami_Shoten_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwanami Shoten Publishing">Iwanami Shoten Publishing</a>, 1972, p. 122 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025223820/http://lai-daihan.com/south-korea-denies-the-lai-dai-han-legal-rights/">"Vietnam War Rape Survivors Demand Justice from South Korea - Bringing Justice to the Lai Dai Han"</a>. Bringing Justice to the Lai Dai Han. 28 April 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lai-daihan.com/south-korea-denies-the-lai-dai-han-legal-rights/">the original</a> on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bringing+Justice+to+the+Lai+Dai+Han&rft.atitle=Vietnam+War+Rape+Survivors+Demand+Justice+from+South+Korea+-+Bringing+Justice+to+the+Lai+Dai+Han&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flai-daihan.com%2Fsouth-korea-denies-the-lai-dai-han-legal-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHyun-ju2019" class="citation web cs1">Hyun-ju, Ock (27 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191127000657">"[Feature] Lai Dai Han people still seeking apology, roots in Korea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Herald" title="The Korea Herald">The Korea Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131015/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191127000657">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Herald&rft.atitle=%5BFeature%5D+Lai+Dai+Han+people+still+seeking+apology%2C+roots+in+Korea&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft.aulast=Hyun-ju&rft.aufirst=Ock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20191127000657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF서의식강봉룡2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">서의식; 강봉룡 (6 February 2024). <bdi lang="ko">뿌리 깊은 한국사, 샘이 깊은 이야기: 고조선, 삼국</bdi>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-8133-536-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-8133-536-6"><bdi>978-89-8133-536-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EB%BF%8C%EB%A6%AC+%EA%B9%8A%EC%9D%80+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%2C+%EC%83%98%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B9%8A%EC%9D%80+%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%BC%EA%B8%B0%3A+%EA%B3%A0%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%2C+%EC%82%BC%EA%B5%AD&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft.isbn=978-89-8133-536-6&rft.au=%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98%EC%8B%9D&rft.au=%EA%B0%95%EB%B4%89%EB%A3%A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1993" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Gina Lee (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y1c_cAAACAAJ">The Rise of Civilization in East Asia: The Archaeology of China, Korea and Japan</a>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27974-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27974-8"><bdi>978-0-500-27974-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Civilization+in+East+Asia%3A+The+Archaeology+of+China%2C+Korea+and+Japan&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-500-27974-8&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gina+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy1c_cAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson1993" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Sarah M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sANORB_MSRUC&pg=PA147">The Archaeology of Korea</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40783-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40783-0"><bdi>978-0-521-40783-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Korea&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40783-0&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Sarah+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsANORB_MSRUC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMOFA2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/template/read/korboardread.jsp?typeID=6&boardid=232&seqno=347383&c=&t=&pagenum=1&tableName=TYPE_DATABOARD&pc=&dc=&wc=&lu=&vu=&iu=&du="><bdi lang="ko">재외동포현황</bdi></a> [Status of Compatriots Abroad], Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 30 September 2013, retrieved 30 April 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EC%9E%AC%EC%99%B8%EB%8F%99%ED%8F%AC%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft.date=2013-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.kr%2Fwebmodule%2Fhtsboard%2Ftemplate%2Fread%2Fkorboardread.jsp%3FtypeID%3D6%26boardid%3D232%26seqno%3D347383%26c%3D%26t%3D%26pagenum%3D1%26tableName%3DTYPE_DATABOARD%26pc%3D%26dc%3D%26wc%3D%26lu%3D%26vu%3D%26iu%3D%26du%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBreen2004" class="citation book cs1">Breen, Michael (2004). The Koreans: Who They Are, What They Want, Where Their Future Lies. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6449-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6449-8"><bdi>978-1-4668-6449-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Koreans%3A+Who+They+Are%2C+What+They+Want%2C+Where+Their+Future+Lies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6449-8&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koreans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Koreans">Koreans</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Koreans" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Koreans">Koreans</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamuseum.org/">Korean American Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026172850/http://mindan.org/eng/">Korean Residents Union in Japan (Mindan)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Koreans30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Koreanic_peoples" title="Template:Koreanic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Koreanic_peoples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Koreanic peoples (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Koreanic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Koreanic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Koreans30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koreans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yemaek" title="Yemaek">Yemaek peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyeo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyeo people (page does not exist)">Buyeo people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goryeo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goryeo people (page does not exist)">Goryeo people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balhae_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balhae people (page does not exist)">Balhae people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Ye_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Ye people (page does not exist)">Eastern Ye people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okjeo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okjeo people (page does not exist)">Okjeo people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baekje_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baekje people (page does not exist)">Baekje people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahan people (page does not exist)">Mahan people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silla_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silla people (page does not exist)">Silla people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaya_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaya people (page does not exist)">Gaya people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">the others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_people" title="Jeju people">Jeju people</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uleung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uleung people (page does not exist)">Uleung people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Index_of_Korea-related_articles159" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korea_topics" title="Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Korea_topics" title="Template talk:Korea topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Korea_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Index_of_Korea-related_articles159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Index of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>-related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military history of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">List of monarchs of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Timeline of Korean history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangun Joseon">Dangun Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gija_Joseon" title="Gija Joseon">Gija Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wiman_Joseon" title="Wiman Joseon">Wiman Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Korean_state)" title="Jin (Korean state)">Jin (Korean state)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto%E2%80%93Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Proto–Three Kingdoms period">Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo" title="Buyeo">Buyeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Okjeo" title="Okjeo">Okjeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ye" title="Eastern Ye">Dongye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Four_Commanderies_of_Han" title="Four Commanderies of Han">Four Commanderies of Han</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya confederacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_States_period" title="Northern and Southern States period">North–South States Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">Later Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> / <a href="/wiki/Later_Baekje" title="Later Baekje">Later Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States Army Military Government in Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet Civil Administration</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Korea" title="History of South Korea">History of South Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Korea" title="History of North Korea">History of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Korea" title="Geography of Korea">Geography of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_North_Korea" title="Template:Borders of North Korea">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Korea">List of islands of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Korea" title="List of lakes of Korea">List of lakes of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Korea" title="List of mountains in Korea">List of mountains in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Korea" title="List of rivers of Korea">List of rivers of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Korea" title="Provinces of Korea">Provinces of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Korea" title="Regions of Korea">Regions of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_South_Korea" title="Geology of South Korea">Geology of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Korea" title="Floods in Korea">Floods in Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">Geography of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of North Korea">Administrative divisions of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Korea" title="List of cities in North Korea">List of cities in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_cities_of_North_Korea" title="Special cities of North Korea">Special cities of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Korea" title="Geology of North Korea">Geology of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">Geography of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of South Korea">Administrative divisions of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_South_Korea" title="Environment of South Korea">Environment of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea" title="List of cities in South Korea">List of cities in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_cities_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of special cities of South Korea">List of special cities of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">Supreme Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_North_Korea" title="List of heads of state of North Korea">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">WMD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea" title="State Affairs Commission of North Korea">State Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the State Affairs Commission">President of State Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_North_Korea" title="Law of North Korea">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Republic of Korea Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Korea and weapons of mass destruction">WMD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Presidential elections in South Korea">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Legislative elections in South Korea">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">Political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_South_Korea" title="Judiciary of South Korea">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Supreme Court of Korea">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_South_Korea" title="High courts of South Korea">High courts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Korea" title="Law of South Korea">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Korea" title="Human rights in South Korea">Human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Korea" title="Economy of North Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Korea" title="Agriculture in North Korea">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Korea" title="Energy in North Korea">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Korea" title="Tourism in North Korea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_North_Korea" title="Transport in North Korea">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a> (currency)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_famine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean famine">North Korean famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangmadang" title="Jangmadang">Jangmadang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_North_Korea" title="Mining in North Korea">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rason_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Rason Special Economic Zone">Rason Special Economic Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea" title="Economy of South Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Korea" title="Agriculture in South Korea">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaebol" title="Chaebol">Chaebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Economic inequality in South Korea">Economic inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_South_Korea" title="Squatting in South Korea">Squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Korea" title="Energy in South Korea">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Korea" title="Tourism in South Korea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Korea" title="Transport in South Korea">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> (currency)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_South_Korea" title="Financial services in South Korea">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Fishing industry in South Korea">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River" title="Miracle on the Han River">Miracle on the Han River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_South_Korea" title="Science and technology in South Korea">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Trade unions in South Korea">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Demographics159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Demographics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">Demographics of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">Demographics of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_South_Korea" title="Aging of South Korea">Aging of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Gender inequality in South Korea">Gender inequality in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_birth_rate_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Low birth rate in South Korea">Low birth rate in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_adoption_of_South_Korean_children" title="International adoption of South Korean children">International adoption of South Korean children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Cinema of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_South_Korea" title="Globalization in South Korea">Globalization in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korean martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_philosophy" title="Korean philosophy">Korean philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Religion in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a> (wrestling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korean sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_South_Korea" title="Tattooing in South Korea">Tattooing in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calligraphy" title="Korean calligraphy">Korean calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Traditional music of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_painting" title="Korean painting">Korean painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Korean pottery and porcelain">Korean pottery and porcelain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Korea" title="Culture of North Korea">Culture of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Korea" title="Education in North Korea">Education in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_literature" title="North Korean literature">North Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">Religion in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_North_Korea" title="Smoking in North Korea">Smoking in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_North_Korea" title="Sport in North Korea">Sport in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Mass_Games" title="Arirang Mass Games">Arirang Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">Propaganda in North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Korea" title="Culture of South Korea">Culture of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">Education in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">Religion in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">Smoking in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Korea" title="Sport in South Korea">Sport in South Korea</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in South Korea">Marriage in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_South_Korea" title="Mass media in South Korea">Media of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">Sexuality in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia500" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asian_topics" title="Template talk:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia500" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_countries" title="Category:East Asian countries">Countries and regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">in Sakhalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha in Mongolia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuans" title="Ryukyuans">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">other ethnic groups in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">historical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of East Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Age reckoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_architecture" title="Category:East Asian architecture">Architecture‎</a></li> <li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_blepharoplasty" title="East Asian blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Buddhism" title="East Asian Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_calligraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Dance in East Asia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_knotting" title="Chinese knotting">Chinese knotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_festivals_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Cultural festivals in East Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design#East_Asian_gardens" title="Garden design">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_hip-and-gable_roof" title="East Asian hip-and-gable roof">Hip-and-gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_literature" title="East Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Mādhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_mythology" title="Category:East Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Xenic pronunciations">Sino-Xenic pronunciations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_East_Asian_surnames" title="Lists of East Asian surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Television in East Asia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Yogācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Environment of East Asia">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Climate_Partnership" title="East Asia Climate Partnership">East Asia Climate Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asiatic_region#Endemic_flora" title="Eastern Asiatic region">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Politics of East Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model" title="East Asian model">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="East Asian Bureau of Economic Research">East Asian Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Asia" title="Human rights in East Asia">Human rights in East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_stock_exchanges#East_Asian" title="List of Asian stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Asia" title="History of East Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology of East Asia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia">Archaeological cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in East Asia">Former countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Sport in East Asia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Friendship_Athletic_Meeting" title="China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting">China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Football_Federation" title="East Asian Football Federation">East Asian Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Judo Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_martial_arts" title="Category:East Asian martial arts">East Asian martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games" title="East Asian Youth Games">East Asian Youth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship" title="EAFF E-1 Football Championship">EAFF E-1 Football Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Education in East Asia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossAsia" title="CrossAsia">CrossAsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Economic_Review" title="East Asian Economic Review">East Asian Economic Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Image_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Image Collection">East Asia Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Law Review">East Asia Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_studies" title="East Asian studies">East Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_East_Asian_Studies" title="Journal of East Asian Studies">Journal of East Asian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Institute_(Ludwigshafen)" title="East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)">Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Military in East Asia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansensh%C5%ABkai" title="Bansenshūkai">Bansenshūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Science and technology in East Asia">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Needham_Research_Institute" title="Needham Research Institute">Needham Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_swords" title="Category:East Asian swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_traditional_medicine" title="Category:East Asian traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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