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height: 200px; position: fixed; bottom: 10px; left: 50px" alt="Sign up for the upcoming webinar: Elevate Your Analytics with Plotly Dash Enterprise 5.7"> </a> </aside>  <section class="--page-body --tutorial-index --base"> <header class="--welcome"> <div class="--welcome-body">  <div class="--title"> <div class="--body"> <div class="nav-breadcrumb-container"> <div> <div class="breadcrumb-nav"> <a href="/julia"> Julia </a> > <a href="/julia/statistical-charts">Statistical Charts</a> > <span>2D Histograms</span> </div> </div> <div class="nav-breadcrumb-right"> <div class="--fork"> <a id="forklink" href= "https://github.com/plotly/plotlyjs.jl-docs/edit/master/julia/2D-Histogram.md" > <div class="icon"> <svg style="width:20px;height:20px" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#000000" d="M2.6,10.59L8.38,4.8L10.07,6.5C9.83,7.35 10.22,8.28 11,8.73V14.27C10.4,14.61 10,15.26 10,16A2,2 0 0,0 12,18A2,2 0 0,0 14,16C14,15.26 13.6,14.61 13,14.27V9.41L15.07,11.5C15,11.65 15,11.82 15,12A2,2 0 0,0 17,14A2,2 0 0,0 19,12A2,2 0 0,0 17,10C16.82,10 16.65,10 16.5,10.07L13.93,7.5C14.19,6.57 13.71,5.55 12.78,5.16C12.35,5 11.9,4.96 11.5,5.07L9.8,3.38L10.59,2.6C11.37,1.81 12.63,1.81 13.41,2.6L21.4,10.59C22.19,11.37 22.19,12.63 21.4,13.41L13.41,21.4C12.63,22.19 11.37,22.19 10.59,21.4L2.6,13.41C1.81,12.63 1.81,11.37 2.6,10.59Z"> </path> </svg> </div> <span>Suggest an edit to this page</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <h1> 2D Histograms in Julia </h1> <p>How to make 2D Histograms in Julia with Plotly. </p> <br>  </div> </div> </div> </header>  <section class="tutorial-content"> <div class="rendered rendered_html"> <h2>2D Histograms or Density Heatmaps</h2> <p>A 2D histogram, also known as a density heatmap, is the 2-dimensional generalization of a <a href="/julia/histograms/">histogram</a> which resembles a <a href="/julia/heatmaps/">heatmap</a> but is computed by grouping a set of points specified by their <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> coordinates into bins, and applying an aggregation function such as <code>count</code> or <code>sum</code> (if <code>z</code> is provided) to compute the color of the tile representing the bin. This kind of visualization (and the related <a href="https://plotly.com/julia/2d-histogram-contour/">2D histogram contour, or density contour</a>) is often used to manage over-plotting, or situations where showing large data sets as <a href="/julia/line-and-scatter/">scatter plots</a> would result in points overlapping each other and hiding patterns.</p> <h2>Density Heatmaps</h2> <p>You can make a density heatmap using the <code>histogram2d</code> trace type and setting <code>xbingroup="x"</code> and <code>ybingroup="y"</code></p> <pre><code class="language-julia">using PlotlyJS, CSV, DataFrames df = dataset(DataFrame, "tips") plot(df, x=:total_bill, y=:tip, xbingroyp="x", ybingroup="y", kind="histogram2d")</code></pre> <div> <div id=00e7fea2-9835-417a-be23-c553038e0321 class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:100%; width:100%;"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(["plotly"], function(Plotly) { window.PLOTLYENV = window.PLOTLYENV || {} if 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{"editable":false,"responsive":true,"staticPlot":false,"scrollZoom":true}, ) } }); </script> </div> <p>The number of bins can be controlled with <code>nbinsx</code> and <code>nbinsy</code> and the color scale with <code>colorscale</code>.</p> <pre><code class="language-julia">using PlotlyJS, CSV, DataFrames df = dataset(DataFrame, "tips") plot( df, x=:total_bill, y=:tip, xbingroyp="x", ybingroup="y", kind="histogram2d", nbinsx=20, nbinsy=20, colorscale="Viridis" )</code></pre> <div> <div id=fade112d-5275-426b-bcbf-3b8a5dfefb70 class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:100%; width:100%;"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(["plotly"], function(Plotly) { window.PLOTLYENV = window.PLOTLYENV || {} if (document.getElementById('fade112d-5275-426b-bcbf-3b8a5dfefb70')) { Plotly.newPlot( 'fade112d-5275-426b-bcbf-3b8a5dfefb70', 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{"editable":false,"responsive":true,"staticPlot":false,"scrollZoom":true}, ) } }); </script> </div> <p>Density heatmaps can also be faceted:</p> <pre><code class="language-julia">using PlotlyJS, CSV, DataFrames df = dataset(DataFrame, "tips") plot( df, x=:total_bill, y=:tip, xbingroyp="x", ybingroup="y", kind="histogram2d", facet_row=:sex, facet_col=:smoker )</code></pre> <div> <div id=4c4ec0e0-ee00-4f3d-baac-d64f79d2300c class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:100%; width:100%;"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(["plotly"], function(Plotly) { window.PLOTLYENV = window.PLOTLYENV || {} if (document.getElementById('4c4ec0e0-ee00-4f3d-baac-d64f79d2300c')) { Plotly.newPlot( '4c4ec0e0-ee00-4f3d-baac-d64f79d2300c', 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{"editable":false,"responsive":true,"staticPlot":false,"scrollZoom":true}, ) } }); </script> </div> <h3>2D Histogram of a Bivariate Normal Distribution</h3> <pre><code class="language-julia">using PlotlyJS, Random Random.seed!(41) plot(histogram2d(x=randn(500), y=randn(500) .+ 1))</code></pre> <div> <div id=004a7cdb-03dd-414d-80d5-10278cf8eeea class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:100%; width:100%;"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(["plotly"], function(Plotly) { window.PLOTLYENV = window.PLOTLYENV || {} if (document.getElementById('004a7cdb-03dd-414d-80d5-10278cf8eeea')) { Plotly.newPlot( '004a7cdb-03dd-414d-80d5-10278cf8eeea', 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{"editable":false,"responsive":true,"staticPlot":false,"scrollZoom":true}, ) } }); </script> </div> <h3>2D Histogram Overlaid with a Scatter Chart</h3> <pre><code class="language-julia">using PlotlyJS, Random x0 = randn(100) ./ 5. .+ 0.5 # 5. enforces float division y0 = randn(100) ./ 5. .+ 0.5 x1 = rand(50) y1 = rand(50) .+ 1.0 x = [x0; x1] y = [y0; y1] plot( [ scatter( x=x0, y=y0, mode="markers", marker=attr(symbol="x", opacity=0.7, color="white", size=8, line_width=1) ), scatter( x=x1, y=y1, mode="markers", marker=attr(symbol="circle", opacity=0.7, color="white", size=8, line_width=1) ), histogram2d(x=x, y=y, colorscale="YlGnBu", zmax=10, nbinsx=14, nbinsy=14, zauto=false) ], Layout( xaxis=attr(ticks="", showgrid=false, zeroline=false, nticks=20), yaxis=attr(ticks="", showgrid=false, zeroline=false, nticks=20), autosize=false, height=550, width=550, hovermode="closest", showlegend=false, ) )</code></pre> <div> <div id=5bc1c486-b583-4e62-af15-8efdef6ecbae class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:550; width:550;"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(["plotly"], function(Plotly) { window.PLOTLYENV = window.PLOTLYENV || {} if (document.getElementById('5bc1c486-b583-4e62-af15-8efdef6ecbae')) { Plotly.newPlot( '5bc1c486-b583-4e62-af15-8efdef6ecbae', 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