Past Projects - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

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href="/pbe/research/past-projects/" itemprop="item" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><span itemprop="name">Past Projects</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="6"/> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main class="main-content" id="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" role="main"> <div class=" d-block col-12 d-sm-block col-sm-12 d-md-block col-md-12 d-lg-block col-lg-8 d-xl-block col-xl-8 col-main o-1 o-sm-1 o-md-1 o-lg-1">  <div class="frame frame-type-header frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-none frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-" id="c36281"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h1-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h1 class=""> Past Projects </h1></div></div></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36283"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h2-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h2 class=""> Paternity projects </h2></div></div><p>The first set of question of the Junior Research Group is to expand our knowledge of paternity in some specific projects outline below. </p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36285"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 1. Development of paternal kin bias </h3></div></div><p>In this long-term study we are going to test the mechanisms underlying paternal kin discrimination. The most likely mechanisms are familiarity and phenotype matching. Most studies on paternal kin recognition suggested phenotype matching, but did not test for all sources of familiarity. We therefore follow individuals from birth till they reach adulthood to understand the development of paternal kin bias. We are testing whether the mothers and/or the father mediate familiarity among paternal half-siblings. </p><p>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><b><br></b></p><p>Puerto Rico Research assistants: Bianca Guira   </p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36287"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 2. Variance in male lifetime reproductive success </h3></div></div><p>Male reproduction is skewed in most mammalian species, which means that few males share reproduction while the majority of males do not reproduce at all. To date most studies on reproductive skew are limited to one social group or few reproductive seasons, so we know little about male lifetime reproductive success and whether this shows a skewed distribution over male lifetime too. We are also interested to understand whether males have a limited time window of successful reproduction or whether longevity can add to fecundity. In this study we use 20 years of genetic data of the entire population to address these questions.<br><br> Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br>Puerto Rico Postdoc: <a href="/pbe/former-members/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Constance Dubuc</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36289"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 3. Male care and its potential impact on infant fitness </h3></div></div><p> Here we investigate the influence of male care onto infants fitness suggested by previous studies by predicting that infants observed more often in affiliation with males/fathers or in longer co-residency with their sires should show fitness benefits in comparison to infants with less or no male/father affiliation or sire co-residency. The phenotypes predicted to vary with paternal care are weight, body fat and testicular volume. In addition we consider chance of infant survival and lifetime reproductive success as fitness aspects related to reproductive output. <br><br>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br> Puerto Rico PhD student: <a href="/pbe/former-members/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Doreen Langos</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36291"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 4. Paternal care in Sulawesi black crested macaques </h3></div></div><p>Female primates mate with multiple partners during likely conception to confuse paternity in order to minimize the risk of infanticide. Previous studies have demonstrated that male group members present at the time of the infants’ conception are less likely to attack infants than males immigrating after the infants’ conception. As males always face some uncertainty of paternity even when they mate-guarded a given female for most of her cycle, it is still not clear whether or not male primates are able to recognize their own offspring and if so, whether males provide paternal care. In Sulawesi black crested macaques mortality and/or injuries of newborns are frequent and injured newborns are protected by certain males. The aim of our project is to study male-offspring interaction in this species to understand whether males indeed provide paternal care to offspring during infanticide attacks and what mechanism males use to identify their offspring. <br><br>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/tangkoko/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Sulawesi black crested macaques/ Tangkoko-Bataungus Nature Reserve, Indonesia</a><br>PhD student: <a href="/pbe/former-members/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Daphné Kerhoas</a><br> Collaboration: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Antje Engelhardt</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36293"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 5. Male fitness: Achievement and maintenance of dominance in male Sulawesi black crested macaques </h3></div></div><p>Males of high dominance status are known to sire more offspring than males of low dominance status. However, it is less studied how males achieve and maintain high rank. The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of a male’s position within a group’s dominance hierarchy in wild Sulawesi black crested macaques. This study will address the following questions: </p><ol><li> Do individual features, such as age, kin availability, body condition, characteristics of sexual signals and/or personality affect a male’s dominance rank.</li><li>How important are male coalition partners for the achievement and maintenance of high dominance status. </li><li>How important is female support for the achievement and maintenance of high dominance status. Finally, how stable are male hierarchies in time. </li></ol><p>Species/Field site: Sulawesi black crested macaques/ Tangkoko-Bataungus Nature Reserve, Indonesia </p><p>PhD student: Christof Neumann <br> Collaboration: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Antje Engelhardt</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36295"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h2-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h2 class=""> Which cues do primates use to identify their paternal kin? </h2></div></div><p>The second aim of this Junior Research Group is to study potential cues which might be used by primates to identify their paternal kin.</p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36297"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 1. Odor as a cue </h3></div></div><p>If primates use odor to identify paternal kin, we would expect to find individual odor pattern persistent over time. Furthermore, individual odor pattern are expected to show higher similarity (or smaller variations) between paternal kin than between non-kin. To show that primates use odor to identify paternal kin, we will investigate whether monkeys give a differential behavioral response when being exposed to kin or non-kin odor (Bioassay test).<br><br>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br>Postdoc: <a href="/pbe/former-members/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Ruth Thomsen </a><br>Colloboration: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Claudia Birkemeyer</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36299"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 2. Appearance </h3></div></div><p>When animals use appearance as a cue to assess paternal kinship in others, we predict that paternal kin share more visual cues than unrelated individuals. To test this hypothesis we collected high quality standardized images of individuals of known kinship. As a control, we collected images of non-kin whom we matched for age and sex. Use of human assessors offers the quickest and most cost-effective method of gaining insight into whether reliable facial cues exist. Human subjects will be tested using an automated procedure, in which stimuli are displayed on a color computer monitor and responses indicated via the keyboard. Alternatively, we are looking for face recognition software which would allow us to quantify facial similarities. <br><br>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br>Postdoc: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Ani Kazem & Dana Pfefferle</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36301"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 3. Acoustics </h3></div></div><p>If animals use acoustic characteristics as a cue to assess paternal kinship, we would first need to demonstrate that paternal kin share more acoustic characteristics than unrelated individuals. If such patterns can be observed, we aim to test whether individuals indeed use vocal cues to recognize paternal kin. For example, we would predict that test subjects respond different to playback calls of paternal half-siblings than to playback calls of non-kin. <br><br> Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br>Postdoc: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Dana Pfefferle</a>   </p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36303"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h3-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h3 class=""> 4. Personality </h3></div></div><p>To examine whether personality is a cue used in paternal kin discrimination we asked current research assistants who are well acquainted with individual monkeys to assess the personality of the monkeys using newly developed personality inventories. We will compare correlations among the personality factors of pairs of paternal kin to unrelated pairs. While this is not a direct measure of heritability, it should show whether individuals who share a father are more like one another than those who do not. <br><br>Species/Field site: <a href="/pbe/study-site/cayo-santiago/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Rhesus macaques/ Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico</a><br>Collaboration: <a href="/pbe/cooperations/" target="_self" class="internal-link">Jana Uher</a></p></div></div> <div class="frame frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before- frame-space-after-small frame-padding-top- frame-padding-bottom- frame-default default" id="c36305"><div class="ce-content"><div class="ce-header h2-mb ce-header-left"><div class="ce-headline"><h2 class=""> References </h2></div></div><table class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Alberts, S.C. (1999) Paternal kin discrimination in wild baboons. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 266: 1501-1506. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Buchan, J.C., Alberts, S.C., Silk, J.B., Altmann, J. (2003) True paternal care in a multi-male primate society. Nature 425: 179-181.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Charpentier, M.J.E, Peignot, P., Hossaert-Mckey, M., Wickings, J.E. (2007) Kin discrimination in juvenile Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Animal Behaviour 73: 37-45.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Charpentier, M.J.E, Van Horn, R.C., Altmann, J., Alberts, S.C. (2008) Paternal effects on offspring fitness in a multimale primate society. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 105: 1988-1992.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Silk, J.B., Altmann, J., Alberts, S.C. (2006) Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus). I. Variation in the strength of social bonds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61: 183-195.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Smith, K.L., Alberts, S.C., Altmann, J. (2003) Wild female baboons bias their social behaviour towards paternal half-sisters. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 270: 503-510.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Van Horn, R.C., Buchan, J.C., Altmann, J., Alberts, S.C. (2007) Divided destinies: group choice by female savannah baboons during social group fission. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61: 1823-1837.</td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A. (2002). Paternal kinship among adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). PhD thesis, Humboldt University Berlin. <br><a href="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/docviews/abstract.php?lang=ger&id=10540" target="_blank" class="external-link" rel="noreferrer">http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/widdig-anja-2002-07-17/.</a></td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A. (2007) Paternal kin discrimination: the evidence and likely mechanisms. Biological Reviews 82: 319-334. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A., Bercovitch, F.B., Streich, W.J., Nürnberg, P., Krawczak, M. (2004) A longitudinal analysis of reproductive skew in male rhesus macaques. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271: 819-826. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A., Nürnberg, P., Bercovitch, F.B., Trefilov, A., Berard, J.B., Kessler, M.J., Schmidtke, J., Streich, J.W., Krawczak, M. (2006) Consequences of group fission for the patterns of relatedness among rhesus macaques. Molecular Ecology 15: 3825-2832. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A., Nürnberg, P., Krawczak, M., Streich, W.J., Bercovitch, F.B. (2001) Paternal relatedness and age proximity regulate social relationships among adult female rhesus macaques. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 98: 13769-13773. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A., Nürnberg, P., Krawczak, M., Streich, W.J., Bercovitch, F.B. (2002) Affiliation and aggression among adult female rhesus macaques: a genetic analysis of paternal cohorts. Behaviour 139: 371-391. </td></tr><tr><td height="21" valign="top" class="hide"></td><td>Widdig, A., Streich, W.J., Nürnberg, P., Croucher, P.J.P., Bercovitch, F.B., Krawczak, M. (2006) Paternal kin bias in the agonistic interventions of adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61: 205-214. </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>  </div> <div class=" d-block col-12 d-sm-block col-sm-12 d-md-block col-md-12 d-lg-block col-lg-4 d-xl-block col-xl-4 col-menu o-2 o-sm-2 o-md-2 o-lg-2" role="complementary"> <nav class="mb-3 d-none d-lg-block nav-sidebar" aria-label="Sub navigation" id="sub-nav"> <ul class="nav flex-column nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li class="nav-item nav-item-9391"> <a class="nav-link nav-link-9391" href="/pbe/home/">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-9395"> <a class="nav-link nav-link-9395 active sub" href="/pbe/research/research-interest/">Research</a> <ul class="nav flex-column pl-3"> <li class="nav-item nav-item-9413"> <a class="nav-link nav-link-9413" href="/pbe/research/research-interest/">Research Interest</a> </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-9415"> <a class="nav-link nav-link-9415" href="/pbe/research/current-projects/">Current projects</a> </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-9417"> <a 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href="/archaeogenetics/research-groups/molecular-palaeopathology/" class="nav-link nav-item-12863" > Molecular Palaeopathology (Kirsten Bos) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/research-groups/population-genetics/" class="nav-link nav-item-12875" > Population Genetics (Stephan Schiffels) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/tropical-archaeogenomics/overview/" class="nav-link nav-item-13727" target="_self"> Otto Hahn Research Group for Tropical Archaeogenomics </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12839" > Projects </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/epidemic/" class="nav-link nav-item-13699" > EPIDEMIC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/histogenes/" class="nav-link nav-item-12853" > HistoGenes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/mhaam/" class="nav-link nav-item-12855" > MHAAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/microscope/" class="nav-link nav-item-13054" > Microscope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/online-book-computational-methods/" class="nav-link nav-item-13628" > Online book: Computational Methods </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/projects/poseidon/" class="nav-link nav-item-13056" > Poseidon </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/archaeogenetics/ethics/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12021" > Ethics </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/ethics/introduction/" class="nav-link nav-item-12023" > Introduction </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/ethics/chapter-1/" class="nav-link nav-item-12025" > Chapter 1 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/ethics/chapter-2/" class="nav-link nav-item-12095" > Chapter 2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/ethics/chapter-3/" class="nav-link nav-item-12099" > Chapter 3 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/news/" class="nav-link nav-item-12673" > News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/positions-available/" class="nav-link nav-item-12785" > Positions available </a></li><li class=""><a href="/archaeogenetics/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-11835" > Publications </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/index/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-11050" > Comparative Cultural Psychology </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/index/" class="nav-link nav-item-11052" > Home </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13194" > Research Areas </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/social-learning/" class="nav-link nav-item-13198" > Social learning </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/social-cognition/" class="nav-link nav-item-13200" > Social cognition </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/core-cognition/" class="nav-link nav-item-13202" > Core cognition </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/quantified-experience/" class="nav-link nav-item-12807" > Quantified Experience </a></li><li class="sub "><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/education-innovation/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13204" > Education Innovation </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/education-innovation/community-science-lab/" class="nav-link nav-item-11859" > Community Science Lab </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/education-innovation/educational-design-lab/" class="nav-link nav-item-13082" > Educational Design Lab </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/education-innovation/zoo-tours/" class="nav-link nav-item-13084" > Zoo Tours </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-groups/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13578" > Research Groups </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-areas/child-and-nature/" class="nav-link nav-item-13206" > Child and nature </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/research-groups/minerva-fast-track-group-facets-of-early-social-learning/" class="nav-link nav-item-13582" > Minerva Fast Track Group "Facets of Early Social Learning" </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12957" > Studying Humans </a><ul><li class="sub "><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/child-study-centre/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12971" > Child Study Centre </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/child-study-centre/sign-up-for-parents/" class="nav-link nav-item-11875" > Sign up for parents </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/child-study-centre/sign-up-for-studies-at-after-school-childcare-centre/" class="nav-link nav-item-13568" > Sign up for studies at after-school childcare centre </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12975" > Global Child Study Network </a><ul><li class="sub "><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/field-stations/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-11918" > Field stations </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/field-stations/congo/" class="nav-link nav-item-11924" > Congo </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/field-stations/cameroon/" class="nav-link nav-item-13154" > Cameroon </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/field-stations/malaysia/" class="nav-link nav-item-13665" > Malaysia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/global-child-study-network/field-stations/namibia/" class="nav-link nav-item-11928" > Namibia </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-humans/manybabies/" class="nav-link nav-item-13125" > ManyBabies </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12959" > Studying Non-Human Primates </a><ul><li class="sub "><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/wolfgang-koehler-primate-research-center/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12977" > Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/wolfgang-koehler-primate-research-center/profile-chimpanzees/" class="nav-link nav-item-11965" > Profile Chimpanzees </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/wolfgang-koehler-primate-research-center/profile-bonobos/" class="nav-link nav-item-11967" > Profile Bonobos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/wolfgang-koehler-primate-research-center/profile-gorillas/" class="nav-link nav-item-11969" > Profile Gorillas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/wolfgang-koehler-primate-research-center/profile-orangutans/" class="nav-link nav-item-11971" > Profile Orangutans </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/global-primate-study-network/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12979" > Global Primate Study Network </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/global-primate-study-network/chimfunshi/" class="nav-link nav-item-13222" > Chimfunshi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/global-primate-study-network/tacugama/" class="nav-link nav-item-13218" > Tacugama </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/grapenet-zoo-network/" class="nav-link nav-item-12983" > GrApeNet Zoo Network </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/studying-non-human-primates/manyprimates-network/" class="nav-link nav-item-12981" > ManyPrimates Network </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-11100" > Staff </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/alex-sanchez-amaro/" class="nav-link nav-item-11951" > Alex Sánchez-Amaro </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/alina-linke/" class="nav-link nav-item-13282" > Alina Linke </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/anja-reimann/" class="nav-link nav-item-11425" > Anja Reimann </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/carin-molenaar/" class="nav-link nav-item-12953" > Carin Molenaar </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/christoph-voelter/" class="nav-link nav-item-13667" > Christoph Völter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/daniel-hanus/" class="nav-link nav-item-8972" > Daniel Hanus </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/daniel-haun/" class="nav-link nav-item-11417" > Daniel Haun </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/daniela-schmidt/" class="nav-link nav-item-13675" > Daniela Schmidt </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/dustin-eirdosh/" class="nav-link nav-item-11152" > Dustin Eirdosh </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/elisa-felsche/" class="nav-link nav-item-12943" > Elisa Felsche </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/frank-scheibe/" class="nav-link nav-item-12939" > Frank Scheibe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/frankie-fong/" class="nav-link nav-item-12949" > Frankie Fong </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/hanna-petschauer/" class="nav-link nav-item-11507" > Hanna Petschauer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/isabella-eber/" class="nav-link nav-item-11799" > Isabella Eber </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/jana-jurkat/" class="nav-link nav-item-11443" > Jana Jurkat </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/josefine-kalbitz/" class="nav-link nav-item-12951" > Josefine Kalbitz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/julia-prein/" class="nav-link nav-item-11717" > Julia Prein </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/junyu-li/" class="nav-link nav-item-12121" > Junyu Li </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/katharina-haberl/" class="nav-link nav-item-11435" > Katharina Haberl </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/kathrin-kopp/" class="nav-link nav-item-11288" > Kathrin Kopp </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/katya-herberg/" class="nav-link nav-item-13721" > Katya Herberg </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/kirsten-sutherland/" class="nav-link nav-item-11803" > Kirsten Sutherland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/ljubica-petrovic/" class="nav-link nav-item-13404" > Ljubica Petrovic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/ludwig-paeth/" class="nav-link nav-item-13683" > Ludwig Paeth </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/lukas-drechsler/" class="nav-link nav-item-13681" > Lukas Drechsler </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/luke-maurits/" class="nav-link nav-item-11947" > Luke Maurits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/maleen-thiele/" class="nav-link nav-item-11597" > Maleen Thiele </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/manuel-bohn/" class="nav-link nav-item-11531" > Manuel Bohn </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/marie-michael/" class="nav-link nav-item-13669" > Marie Michael </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/marie-padberg/" class="nav-link nav-item-11725" > Marie Padberg </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/melody-ndzenyuiy/" class="nav-link nav-item-12117" > Melody Ngaidzeyuf Ndzenyuiy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/noemi-thiede/" class="nav-link nav-item-12633" > Noemi Thiede </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/raik-pieszek/" class="nav-link nav-item-11515" > Raik Pieszek </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/paul-grohmann/" class="nav-link nav-item-12941" > Paul Grohmann </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/petra-jahn/" class="nav-link nav-item-11499" > Petra Jahn </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/pierre-etienne-martin/" class="nav-link nav-item-12082" > Pierre-Etienne Martin </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/roman-stengelin/" class="nav-link nav-item-11589" > Roman Stengelin </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/sarah-caldwell/" class="nav-link nav-item-11467" > Sarah Caldwell </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/sebastian-schuette/" class="nav-link nav-item-11523" > Sebastian Schütte </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/sonja-ebel/" class="nav-link nav-item-11224" > Sonja Ebel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/susanne-mauritz/" class="nav-link nav-item-11451" > Susanne Mauritz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/wilma-weigelt/" class="nav-link nav-item-11735" > Wilma Weigelt </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/wilson-vieira/" class="nav-link nav-item-11707" > Wilson Vieira </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/yagmur-deniz-kisa/" class="nav-link nav-item-13248" > Yagmur Deniz Kisa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/staff/yoko-kosuga-billeb/" class="nav-link nav-item-13536" > Yoko Kosuga-Billeb </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12961" > Technical Development </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/austronesian-game-taxonomy/" class="nav-link nav-item-13144" > Austronesian Game Taxonomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/case/" class="nav-link nav-item-13162" > CASE (Computer-Animal Self-testing Environment) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/ccp-bead-dispenser/" class="nav-link nav-item-13244" > CCP Bead Dispenser </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/childlens/" class="nav-link nav-item-13506" > ChildLens </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/eye-tracking/" class="nav-link nav-item-13178" > Eye Tracking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/location/" class="nav-link nav-item-13240" > Location Tracking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/tango/" class="nav-link nav-item-13262" > TANGO (gaze understanding) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/thermal-imaging/" class="nav-link nav-item-13174" > Thermal Imaging </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/touch-screen/" class="nav-link nav-item-13166" > Touch Screen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/technical-development/virtual-reality/" class="nav-link nav-item-13170" > Virtual Reality </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-11260" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/positions-available/" class="nav-link nav-item-11140" > Career </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/events/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13488" > Events </a><ul><li class=" "><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/events/2024-btg2/" class="nav-link nav-item-13490" > 2024-Bridging the Technological Gap Workshop 2.0 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/comparative-cultural-psychology/contact/" class="nav-link nav-item-11054" > Contact </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/index/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-32" > Evolutionary Genetics </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/index/" class="nav-link nav-item-222" > Home </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/research-groups/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12615" > Research Groups </a><ul><li class="sub "><a href="/genetics/neandertals-and-more/overview/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-232" > Neandertals and More (Svante Pääbo) </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/neandertals-and-more/overview/" class="nav-link nav-item-972" > Overview </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/neandertals-and-more/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-982" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/neandertals-and-more/group-staff/" class="nav-link nav-item-992" > Group Staff </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/advanced-dna-sequencing-techniques/overview/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-3192" > Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques (Matthias Meyer) </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/advanced-dna-sequencing-techniques/overview/" class="nav-link nav-item-3202" > Overview </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/advanced-dna-sequencing-techniques/group-staff/" class="nav-link nav-item-3212" > Group Staff </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/advanced-dna-sequencing-techniques/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-3222" > Publications </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/research-groups/ancient-genomes-and-contemporary-health/" class="nav-link nav-item-13720" > Ancient Genomes and Contemporary Health (Hugo Zeberg) </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/research/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-262" > Computational Ancient Genomics (Janet Kelso) </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/research/" class="nav-link nav-item-2992" > Research </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/people/" class="nav-link nav-item-3002" > People </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-3012" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="http://bioinf.eva.mpg.de/" class="nav-link nav-item-3032" target="_blank"> Software </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/jobs/" class="nav-link nav-item-3042" > Jobs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/computational-ancient-genomics/contact/" class="nav-link nav-item-3052" > Contact </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/genetic-diversity-through-space-and-time/overview/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-10442" > Genetic Diversity through Space and Time (Ben Peter) </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genetic-diversity-through-space-and-time/overview/" class="nav-link nav-item-10454" > Overview </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genetic-diversity-through-space-and-time/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-10444" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genetic-diversity-through-space-and-time/group-staff/" class="nav-link nav-item-10448" > Group Staff </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genetic-diversity-through-space-and-time/contact/" class="nav-link nav-item-10458" > Contact </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/research-groups/genome-engineering-and-repair/" class="nav-link nav-item-13368" > Genome Engineering and Repair (Stephan Riesenberg) </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/ancient-environmental-genomics/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-12935" > Max Planck Research Group for Ancient Environmental Genomics (Benjamin Vernot) </a><ul><li class=" "><a href="/genetics/ancient-environmental-genomics/overview/" class="nav-link nav-item-12985" > Overview </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/hominin-palaeogenomics/" class="nav-link nav-item-13652" > Max Planck Research Group for Hominin Palaeogenomics (Mateja Hajdinjak) </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-3232" > Genome Projects </a><ul><li class="sub "><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-2812" > Draft Neandertal Genome </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/about/" class="nav-link nav-item-2822" > About </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/data/" class="nav-link nav-item-2832" > Data </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-2842" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/press/" class="nav-link nav-item-2852" > Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/jobs/" class="nav-link nav-item-2862" > Jobs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/draft-neandertal-genome/funders/" class="nav-link nav-item-2872" > Funders </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/neandertal/" class="nav-link nav-item-2792" > Altai Neandertal Genome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/chagyrskaya-neandertal/" class="nav-link nav-item-10779" > Chagyrskaya Neandertal Genome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/denisova/" class="nav-link nav-item-1682" > Denisovan Genome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/genome-projects/bonobo-genome/" class="nav-link nav-item-1722" > Bonobo Genome </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/staff/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-382" > Staff </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/aximu-ayinuer/" class="nav-link nav-item-13334" > Aximu Ayinuer-Petri </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/benjamin-peter/" class="nav-link nav-item-10432" > Benjamin Peter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/claudia-bavero/" class="nav-link nav-item-6722" > Claudia Bavero </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/divyaratan-popli/" class="nav-link nav-item-13432" > Divyaratan Popli </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/janet-kelso/" class="nav-link nav-item-10528" > Janet Kelso </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/leonardo-arias-alvis/" class="nav-link nav-item-11388" > Leonardo Arias Alvis </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/leonardo-iasi/" class="nav-link nav-item-11130" > Leonardo Iasi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/louisa-jauregui/" class="nav-link nav-item-13474" > Louisa Jauregui </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/mark-stoneking/" class="nav-link nav-item-8584" > Mark Stoneking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/staff/paabo/" class="nav-link nav-item-7232" > Svante Pääbo </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/news/" class="nav-link nav-item-12625" > News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/positions-available/" class="nav-link nav-item-3252" > Positions available </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/recent-department-publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-3262" > Recent Department Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/laboratory-facilities/" class="nav-link nav-item-3272" > Laboratory Facilities </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-10650" > Former Department Groups </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/genetics/human-population-history/" class="nav-link nav-item-242" > Human Population History (Mark Stoneking) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/genetic-diversity-and-selection/" class="nav-link nav-item-3062" > Genetic Diversity and Selection (Aida Andrés) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/genomes/" class="nav-link nav-item-3152" > Genomes (Kay Prüfer) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/single-cell-genomics/" class="nav-link nav-item-8470" > Max Planck Research Group on Single Cell Genomics (Barbara Treutlein) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/modern-and-archaic-human-cell-biology/" class="nav-link nav-item-10322" > Modern and Archaic Human Cell Biology (Gray Camp) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/genetics/former-department-groups/selenium-and-genome-annotation/" class="nav-link nav-item-3102" > Selenium and Genome Annotation (Sergi Castellano) </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub "><a href="/genetics/internal/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-3282" > Internal </a><ul><li class="protected "><a href="" class="nav-link protected nav-item-3322" > Lab Meeting </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/ecology/index/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8668" > Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/ecology/index/" class="nav-link nav-item-8670" > Home </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8758" > Projects and Research Groups </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/comparative-behavioral-ecology/" class="nav-link nav-item-10715" > Comparative Behavioral Ecology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/culture-environment-and-health-research-group/" class="nav-link nav-item-11897" > Culture, Environment, and Health Research Group </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/culture-cooperation-and-child-development-research-group/" class="nav-link nav-item-12069" > Culture, Cooperation and Child Development Research Group </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/data-provenance/" class="nav-link nav-item-12921" > Data Provenance </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/evolution-of-brain-connectivity/" class="nav-link nav-item-11179" > Evolution of Brain Connectivity </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/mosaic/" class="nav-link nav-item-13394" > Models of Sociality, Art, Information and Culture (MOSAIC) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/sanguatsiniq-research-project/" class="nav-link nav-item-13556" > Sanguatsiniq Research Project </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/projects-and-research-groups/theory-in-cultural-evolution-lab/" class="nav-link nav-item-11160" > Theory in Cultural Evolution Lab </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-10328" > Fieldwork </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/benin/" class="nav-link nav-item-13390" > Benin </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/great-tailed-grackles/" class="nav-link nav-item-10384" > Great-tailed grackles </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/hadza-foragers/" class="nav-link nav-item-10330" > Hadza Foragers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/matsigenka-and-colonos/" class="nav-link nav-item-10408" > Matsigenka and Colonos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/mayangna-and-miskito/" class="nav-link nav-item-10398" > Mayangna and Miskito </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/pemba/" class="nav-link nav-item-10518" > Pemba </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/interculturales-and-moseten/" class="nav-link nav-item-10334" > Interculturales and Mosetén </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/punan/" class="nav-link nav-item-13386" > Punan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/rural-colombia/" class="nav-link nav-item-10406" > Rural Colombia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/sanguatsiniq/" class="nav-link nav-item-11274" > Sanguatsiniq </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/shodagor/" class="nav-link nav-item-11126" > Shodagor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/tanga/" class="nav-link nav-item-13392" > Tanga </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/fieldwork/ulaanbaatar/" class="nav-link nav-item-11384" > Ulaanbaatar </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/ecology/staff/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8676" > Staff </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/adam-boyette/" class="nav-link nav-item-11312" > Adam Boyette </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/adam-powell/" class="nav-link nav-item-11206" > Adam Powell </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/alfredo-cortell-nicolau/" class="nav-link nav-item-13715" > Alfredo Cortell-Nicolau </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/amy-anderson/" class="nav-link nav-item-13624" > Amy Anderson </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/andreu-arino-i-prats/" class="nav-link nav-item-13691" > Andreu Ariño i Prats </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/anne-kandler/" class="nav-link nav-item-9345" > Anne Kandler </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/anja-becker/" class="nav-link nav-item-13558" > Anja Becker </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/arianna-dalzero/" class="nav-link nav-item-10580" > Arianna Dalzero </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/augusto-dalla-ragione/" class="nav-link nav-item-13346" > Augusto Dalla Ragione </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/bret-beheim/" class="nav-link nav-item-9243" > Bret Beheim </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/brian-wood/" class="nav-link nav-item-12833" > Brian Wood </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/catherine-crockford/" class="nav-link nav-item-8784" > Catherine Crockford </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/caissa-revilla-minaya/" class="nav-link nav-item-11112" > Caissa Revilla Minaya </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/cody-ross/" class="nav-link nav-item-9289" > Cody Ross </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/connor-davis/" class="nav-link nav-item-13679" > Connor Davis </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/corina-logan/" class="nav-link nav-item-10719" > Corina Logan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/daniel-redhead/" class="nav-link nav-item-10910" > Daniel Redhead </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/dieter-lukas/" class="nav-link nav-item-10338" > Dieter Lukas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/dominik-deffner/" class="nav-link nav-item-10656" > Dominik Deffner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/elspeth-ready/" class="nav-link nav-item-10960" > Elspeth Ready </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/eva-brandl/" class="nav-link nav-item-13384" > Eva Brandl </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/francois-romijn/" class="nav-link nav-item-13663" > Francois Romijn </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/hohmann/" class="nav-link nav-item-8822" > Gottfried Hohmann </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/haneul-jang/" class="nav-link nav-item-10118" > Haneul Jang </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/hannah-kitzing/" class="nav-link nav-item-13498" > Hannah Kitzing </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/heidi-colleran/" class="nav-link nav-item-11198" > Heidi Colleran </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/ilaria-pretelli/" class="nav-link nav-item-10665" > Ilaria Pretelli </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/jeffrey-andrews/" class="nav-link nav-item-10950" > Jeffrey Andrews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/jessica-seidel/" class="nav-link nav-item-8156" > Jessica Seidel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/joanna-zyrek/" class="nav-link nav-item-13554" > Joanna Zyrek </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/john-bunce/" class="nav-link nav-item-9251" > John Bunce </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/julia-cissewski/" class="nav-link nav-item-8678" > Julia Cissewski </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/karl-frost/" class="nav-link nav-item-10727" > Karl Frost </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/katja-rosenthal/" class="nav-link nav-item-13616" > Katja Rosenthal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/kristin-hagel/" class="nav-link nav-item-10799" > Kristin Hagel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/laurel-fogarty/" class="nav-link nav-item-10902" > Laurel Fogarty </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/lisa-bornkessel/" class="nav-link nav-item-13640" > Lisa Bornkeßel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/madeleine-ammar/" class="nav-link nav-item-11340" > Madeleine Ammar </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/mary-mcelreath/" class="nav-link nav-item-10588" > Mary Brooke McElreath </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/martin-surbeck/" class="nav-link nav-item-8846" > Martin Surbeck </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/monique-borgerhoff-mulder/" class="nav-link nav-item-11889" > Monique Borgerhoff Mulder </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/natalia-fedorova/" class="nav-link nav-item-10675" > Natalia Fedorova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/niccole-porras-alvarez/" class="nav-link nav-item-13344" > Niccole Porras Alvarez </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/oleg-sobchuk/" class="nav-link nav-item-13332" > Oleg Sobchuk </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/pablo-jose-varas-enriquez/" class="nav-link nav-item-11350" > Pablo Jose Varas Enriquez </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/patrick-lauer/" class="nav-link nav-item-13677" > Patrick Lauer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/peter-froehlich/" class="nav-link nav-item-6682" > Peter Fröhlich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/riana-minocher/" class="nav-link nav-item-10996" > Riana Minocher </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/richard-mcelreath/" class="nav-link nav-item-8698" > Richard McElreath </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/wittig/" class="nav-link nav-item-3532" > Roman Wittig </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/sarah-myers/" class="nav-link nav-item-13396" > Sarah Myers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/sebastian-sosa/" class="nav-link nav-item-13564" > Sebastian Sosa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/senay-cebioglu/" class="nav-link nav-item-11893" > Senay Cebioglu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/silke-atmaca/" class="nav-link nav-item-10018" > Silke Atmaca </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/sofia-eriksen/" class="nav-link nav-item-13689" > Sofia Eriksen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/sven-grawunder/" class="nav-link nav-item-9513" > Sven Grawunder </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/thomas-mitchell-holding/" class="nav-link nav-item-12073" > Thomas Mitchell Holding </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/staff/willem-church/" class="nav-link nav-item-13400" > Willem Church </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/publications/" class="nav-link nav-item-10739" > Publications </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/positions-available/" class="nav-link nav-item-11074" > Positions available </a></li><li class=""><a href="/ecology/events/" class="nav-link nav-item-12813" > Events </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/human-origins/index/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13234" target="_self"> Human Origins </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/index/" class="nav-link nav-item-13236" > Home </a></li><li class="sub"><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13586" > Research groups </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/cranial-evolution-and-development/" class="nav-link nav-item-13588" > Cranial Evolution and Development </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/stone-tool-origins/" class="nav-link nav-item-13590" > Stone Tool Origins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/ape-and-human-biomechanics/" class="nav-link nav-item-13592" > Ape and Human Biomechanics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/postcranial-functional-morphology/" class="nav-link nav-item-13594" > Postcranial Functional Morphology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/research-groups/dental-evolution-and-development/" class="nav-link nav-item-13596" > Dental Evolution and Development </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/human-origins/staff/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-13258" > Staff </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/adam-van-casteren/" class="nav-link nav-item-13540" > Adam van Casteren </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/alexandra-schuh/" class="nav-link nav-item-13418" > Alexandra Schuh </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/andrea-lukova/" class="nav-link nav-item-13707" > Andrea Lukova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/annalisa-pietrobelli/" class="nav-link nav-item-13538" > Annalisa Pietrobelli </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/cornelia-schicke/" class="nav-link nav-item-9580" > Cornelia Schicke </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/elliot-greiner/" class="nav-link nav-item-13660" > Elliot Greiner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/guillermo-bustos-perez/" class="nav-link nav-item-13719" > Guillermo Bustos-Perez </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/hannah-olivia-rausch/" class="nav-link nav-item-13484" > Hannah Olivia Rausch </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/temming/" class="nav-link nav-item-9792" > Heiko Temming </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/julia-van-beesel/" class="nav-link nav-item-13310" > Julia van Beesel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/li-li/" class="nav-link nav-item-13186" > Li Li </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/lukas-westphal/" class="nav-link nav-item-10064" > Lukas Westphal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/lysann-klausnitzer/" class="nav-link nav-item-9780" > Lysann Klausnitzer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/marine-cazenave/" class="nav-link nav-item-13566" > Marine Cazenave </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/nora-bennamoun/" class="nav-link nav-item-13482" > Nora Bennamoun </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/pauline-faender/" class="nav-link nav-item-13701" > Pauline Fänder </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/gunz/" class="nav-link nav-item-9636" > Philipp Gunz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/rhianna-drummond-clarke/" class="nav-link nav-item-13288" > Rhianna Drummond-Clarke </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/mcpherro/" class="nav-link nav-item-9672" > Shannon McPherron </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/streiber/" class="nav-link nav-item-9589" > Silke Streiber </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/steffi-hesse/" class="nav-link nav-item-9772" > Steffi Hesse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/sven-steinbrenner/" class="nav-link nav-item-9788" > Sven Steinbrenner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/thomas-davies/" class="nav-link nav-item-13426" > Thomas Davies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/tilahun-asefa-abrha/" class="nav-link nav-item-13480" > Tilahun Asefa Abrha </a></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/staff/tracy-kivell/" class="nav-link nav-item-13266" > Tracy Kivell </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/human-origins/publications/" 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href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-grammar-of-kakua-a-language-of-northwest-amazonia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8397" > A Grammar of Kakua: A Language of Northwest Amazonia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-grammar-of-yakkha/" class="nav-link nav-item-8425" > A Grammar of Yakkha </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-grammar-of-yeri/" class="nav-link nav-item-8421" > A Grammar of Yeri </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/an-acoustically-based-phonology-and-morphophonology-of-siwi-berber/" class="nav-link nav-item-8267" > An Acoustically-based Phonology and Morphophonology of Siwi (Berber) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/an-atlas-of-the-araxes-iran-linguistic-area/" class="nav-link nav-item-8427" > An Atlas of the Araxes-Iran Linguistic Area </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/animacy-and-mythology-in-hantxa-kuin-cashinahua/" class="nav-link nav-item-8285" > Animacy and Mythology in Hantxa Kuin (Cashinahua) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-pan-dialectal-documentation-of-taa/" class="nav-link nav-item-8253" > A Pan-dialectal Documentation of Taa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-reference-grammar-of-oko/" class="nav-link nav-item-8225" > A Reference Grammar of Ọ̀kọ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/a-text-documentation-of-nuu/" class="nav-link nav-item-8283" > A Text Documentation of N|uu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/bilingual-child-language-acquisition/" class="nav-link nav-item-8227" > Bilingual Child Language Acquisition </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/comparison-of-the-communicative-environment-of-young-language-learning-children-in-two-cultures/" class="nav-link nav-item-8275" > Comparison of the Communicative Environment of Young Language-Learning Children in two Cultures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/dialectal-and-cultural-diversity-among-evens-in-siberia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8213" > Dialectal and Cultural Diversity among Ėvens in Siberia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-agul/" class="nav-link nav-item-8922" > Documentation of Agul </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-betawi/" class="nav-link nav-item-8241" > Documentation of Betawi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-enets/" class="nav-link nav-item-8269" > Documentation of Enets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-khwarshi/" class="nav-link nav-item-8245" > Documentation of Khwarshi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-naqriaxe/" class="nav-link nav-item-8399" > Documentation of N!aqriaxe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-nias/" class="nav-link nav-item-8748" > Documentation of Nias </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-ternate-malay/" class="nav-link nav-item-8415" > Documentation of Ternate Malay </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-the-languages-of-the-lower-fungom-region-of-northwest-cameroon/" class="nav-link nav-item-8764" > Documentation of the Languages of the Lower Fungom Region of Northwest Cameroon </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-the-phonetic-structures-of-onya-darat/" class="nav-link nav-item-8744" > Documentation of the Phonetic Structures of Onya-Darat </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/documentation-of-tlapanec/" class="nav-link nav-item-8413" > Documentation of Tlapanec </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/electronic-grammaticography/" class="nav-link nav-item-8221" > Electronic Grammaticography </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/endangered-moluccan-languages-eastern-indonesia-the-dutch-diaspora/" class="nav-link nav-item-8265" > Endangered Moluccan Languages: Eastern Indonesia & the Dutch Diaspora </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/inheritance-and-contact-in-a-language-complex-the-case-of-taa-varieties-tuu-family/" class="nav-link nav-item-8411" > Inheritance and Contact in a Language Complex: the Case of Taa Varieties (Tuu Family) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/jamaican-lexicography-project-jamlex/" class="nav-link nav-item-8247" > Jamaican Lexicography Project (Jamlex) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/language-contact-in-indonesia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8409" > Language Contact in Indonesia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/linguistic-field-work-in-riau-province-indonesia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8405" > Linguistic Field Work in Riau Province, Indonesia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/northwest-iranian-project/" class="nav-link nav-item-8251" > Northwest Iranian Project </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/the-javanese-dialect-mapping-project/" class="nav-link nav-item-8403" > The Javanese Dialect Mapping Project </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/the-kalahari-basin-area-a-sprachbund-on-the-verge-of-extinction/" class="nav-link nav-item-8401" > The Kalahari Basin Area: a 'Sprachbund' on the Verge of Extinction </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/traditional-jambi-malay/" class="nav-link nav-item-8263" > Traditional Jambi Malay </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/yurok-language-project/" class="nav-link nav-item-8243" > Yurok Language Project </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8373" > Typological Surveys </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/atlas-of-pidgin-and-creole-language-structures-apics/" class="nav-link nav-item-8391" > Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (APiCS) </a></li><li class=""><a href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/valency/index.php" class="nav-link nav-item-8389" target="_blank"> The Leipzig Valency Classes Project </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/figurative-language-cross-linguistic-cross-cultural-and-cognitive-aspects/" class="nav-link nav-item-8387" > Figurative Language: Cross-Linguistic, Cross-Cultural and Cognitive Aspects </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/morphological-borrowing/" class="nav-link nav-item-8385" > Morphological Borrowing </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/the-relative-frequencies-of-nouns-pronouns-and-verbs-cross-linguistically/" class="nav-link nav-item-8383" > The relative frequencies of nouns, pronouns, and verbs cross-linguistically </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/glottolog/" class="nav-link nav-item-8381" > Glottolog </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/electronic-grammaticography/" class="nav-link nav-item-8379" > Electronic Grammaticography </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/relative-clauses-and-noun-modifying-clauses/" class="nav-link nav-item-8377" > Relative clauses and Noun-modifying clauses </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/cross-linguistic-linked-data-clld/" class="nav-link nav-item-8375" > Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/cross-linguistic-aspects-of-the-structure-of-the-nominal-lexicon/" class="nav-link nav-item-8279" > Cross-linguistic aspects of the structure of the nominal lexicon </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/the-acquisition-of-subjects-in-english-russian-and-polish/" class="nav-link nav-item-8277" > The Acquisition of Subjects in English, Russian and Polish </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/comparison-of-the-communicative-environment-of-young-language-learning-children-in-two-cultures/" class="nav-link nav-item-8548" > Comparison of the communicative environment of young language-learning children in two cultures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/marked-nominativeabsolutive-case-systems/" class="nav-link nav-item-8271" > Marked Nominative/Absolutive Case Systems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/language-and-thought-universality-and-relativism/" class="nav-link nav-item-8261" > Language and Thought: Universality and Relativism </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/loanword-typology-comparative-study-of-lexical-borrowability/" class="nav-link nav-item-8257" > Loanword Typology: Comparative Study of Lexical Borrowability </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/the-world-atlas-of-language-structures-wals/" class="nav-link nav-item-8233" > The World Atlas of Language Structures - WALS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/typology-of-content-interrogatives/" class="nav-link nav-item-8231" > Typology of Content Interrogatives </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/bilingual-child-language-acquisition/" class="nav-link nav-item-8566" > Bilingual Child Language Acquisition </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/ditransitive-constructions-in-the-worlds-languages/" class="nav-link nav-item-8219" > Ditransitive constructions in the world's languages </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/the-internal-structure-of-person-portmanteaus/" class="nav-link nav-item-8217" > The internal structure of person portmanteaus </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/typological-surveys/the-linguistic-typology-of-templates/" class="nav-link nav-item-8762" > The linguistic typology of templates </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8351" > Language History </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/computational-and-quantitative-methods-in-historical-linguistics/" class="nav-link nav-item-8371" > Computational and quantitative methods in historical linguistics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/inheritance-and-contact-in-a-language-complex-the-case-of-taa-varieties-tuu-family/" class="nav-link nav-item-8369" > Inheritance and contact in a language complex: the case of Taa varieties (Tuu family) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/intercontinental-dictionary-series-ids/" class="nav-link nav-item-8367" > Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/language-relatedness-and-divergence-quantitative-and-phylogenetic-approaches/" class="nav-link nav-item-8363" > Language Relatedness and Divergence: Quantitative and Phylogenetic Approaches </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/re-evaluation-of-the-witotoanboran-familyies/" class="nav-link nav-item-8361" > Re-evaluation of the Witotoan/Boran family/ies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/sound-comparisons-new-tools-and-resources-for-exploring-language-family-diversity-on-the-web/" class="nav-link nav-item-8359" > 'Sound Comparisons': New Tools and Resources for Exploring Language Family Diversity on the Web </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/sounds-of-the-andean-languages/" class="nav-link nav-item-8357" > Sounds of the Andean Languages </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/the-kalahari-basin-area-a-sprachbund-on-the-verge-of-extinction/" class="nav-link nav-item-8355" > The Kalahari Basin area: a 'Sprachbund' on the verge of extinction </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/towards-a-cross-disciplinary-prehistory-converging-perspectives-from-language-archaeology-and-genes/" class="nav-link nav-item-8353" > Towards a Cross-Disciplinary Prehistory: Converging Perspectives from Language, Archaeology and Genes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/advances-in-evolutionary-phonology/" class="nav-link nav-item-8289" > Advances in Evolutionary Phonology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/language-areality-in-ancient-eurasia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8287" > Language Areality in Ancient Eurasia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/correlating-genes-and-languages/" class="nav-link nav-item-8281" > Correlating Genes and Languages </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/loanword-typology-comparative-study-of-lexical-borrowability/" class="nav-link nav-item-8558" > Loanword Typology: Comparative Study of Lexical Borrowability </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/quantitative-approaches-to-lexical-comparison/" class="nav-link nav-item-8255" > Quantitative approaches to lexical comparison </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-history/maya-writing-and-historical-linguistics/" class="nav-link nav-item-8235" > Maya writing and historical linguistics </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8331" > Language Contact </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/language-contact-in-indonesia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8349" > Language Contact in Indonesia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/atlas-of-pidgin-and-creole-language-structures-apics/" class="nav-link nav-item-8347" > Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (APiCS) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/morphological-borrowing/" class="nav-link nav-item-8345" > Morphological Borrowing </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/re-evaluation-of-the-witotoanboran-familyies/" class="nav-link nav-item-8343" > Re-evaluation of the Witotoan/Boran family/ies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/the-kalahari-basin-area-a-sprachbund-on-the-verge-of-extinction/" class="nav-link nav-item-8339" > The Kalahari Basin area: a 'Sprachbund' on the verge of extinction </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/inheritance-and-contact-in-a-language-complex-the-case-of-taa-varieties-tuu-family/" class="nav-link nav-item-8337" > Inheritance and contact in a language complex: the case of Taa varieties (Tuu family) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/documentation-of-naqriaxe-with-a-focus-on-contact-influence/" class="nav-link nav-item-8333" > Documentation of N!aqriaxe with a focus on contact influence </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/language-areality-in-ancient-eurasia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8546" > Language Areality in Ancient Eurasia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/loanword-typology-comparative-study-of-lexical-borrowability/" class="nav-link nav-item-8560" > Loanword Typology: Comparative Study of Lexical Borrowability </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/the-african-lexis-in-jamaican-creole-and-its-historical-significance/" class="nav-link nav-item-8249" > The African Lexis in Jamaican Creole and Its Historical Significance </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/language-contact/language-contact-in-sri-lanka/" class="nav-link nav-item-8223" > Language Contact in Sri Lanka </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8313" > Phonetics and Phonology </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/sound-comparisons-new-tools-and-resources-for-exploring-language-family-diversity-on-the-web/" class="nav-link nav-item-8329" > 'Sound Comparisons': New Tools and Resources for Exploring Language Family Diversity on the Web </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/sounds-of-the-andean-languages/" class="nav-link nav-item-8327" > Sounds of the Andean Languages </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/interactions-across-time-scales-in-speech-perception/" class="nav-link nav-item-8325" > Interactions across time scales in speech perception </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/laryngealization-characterization-and-interaction-with-other-features/" class="nav-link nav-item-8323" > Laryngealization: characterization and interaction with other features </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/modeling-speech-dynamics-trough-recurrences/" class="nav-link nav-item-8321" > Modeling speech dynamics trough recurrences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/phonetic-constraints-on-lexical-items/" class="nav-link nav-item-8319" > Phonetic constraints on lexical items </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/statistical-modeling-of-trajectories-and-shapes-applied-to-speech/" class="nav-link nav-item-8317" > Statistical modeling of trajectories and shapes applied to speech </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/phonetic-and-phonological-description-of-even-dialects-with-a-focus-on-acoustic-vowel-properties-and-vowel-harmony/" class="nav-link nav-item-8315" > Phonetic and phonological description of Even dialects (with a focus on acoustic vowel properties and vowel harmony) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/advances-in-evolutionary-phonology/" class="nav-link nav-item-8544" > Advances in Evolutionary Phonology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/an-acoustically-based-phonology-and-morphophonology-of-siwi-berber/" class="nav-link nav-item-8550" > An Acoustically-based Phonology and Morphophonology of Siwi (Berber) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/the-phonology-of-jakarta-indonesian/" class="nav-link nav-item-8237" > The Phonology of Jakarta Indonesian </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/phonetics-and-phonology/documentation-of-the-phonetic-structures-of-onya-darat/" class="nav-link nav-item-8746" > Documentation of the phonetic structures of Onya-Darat </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub"><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8291" > Jakarta Field Station </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/the-mpi-eva-jakarta-field-station/" class="nav-link nav-item-8311" > The MPI EVA Jakarta Field Station </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/documentation-of-betawi/" class="nav-link nav-item-8309" > Documentation of Betawi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/bilingual-child-language-acquisition/" class="nav-link nav-item-8305" > Bilingual Child Language Acquisition </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/figurative-language-cross-linguistic-cross-cultural-and-cognitive-aspects/" class="nav-link nav-item-8303" > Figurative Language: Cross-Linguistic, Cross-Cultural and Cognitive Aspects </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/the-javanese-dialect-mapping-project/" class="nav-link nav-item-8301" > The Javanese Dialect Mapping Project </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/documentation-of-kenyah/" class="nav-link nav-item-8299" > Documentation of Kenyah </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/language-contact-in-indonesia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8297" > Language Contact in Indonesia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/linguistic-field-work-in-riau-province-indonesia/" class="nav-link nav-item-8295" > Linguistic Field Work in Riau Province, Indonesia </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/documentation-of-ternate-malay/" class="nav-link nav-item-8293" > Documentation of Ternate Malay </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/endangered-moluccan-languages-eastern-indonesia-the-dutch-diaspora/" class="nav-link nav-item-8552" > Endangered Moluccan Languages: Eastern Indonesia & the Dutch diaspora </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/traditional-jambi-malay/" class="nav-link nav-item-8554" > Traditional Jambi Malay </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/language-and-thought-universality-and-relativism/" class="nav-link nav-item-8556" > Language and Thought: Universality and Relativism </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/acquisition-of-jakarta-indonesian/" class="nav-link nav-item-8259" > Acquisition of Jakarta Indonesian </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/the-phonology-of-jakarta-indonesian/" class="nav-link nav-item-8564" > The Phonology of Jakarta Indonesian </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/jakarta-field-station/the-acquisition-of-passive-voice-in-english-and-indonesian/" class="nav-link nav-item-8229" > The Acquisition of Passive Voice in English and Indonesian </a></li></ul></li><li class="sub "><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/" class="nav-link sub nav-item-8431" > Resources </a><ul><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/world-atlas-of-language-structures-wals/" class="nav-link nav-item-8457" > World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/world-loanword-database/" class="nav-link nav-item-8455" > World Loanword Database </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/the-intercontinental-dictionary-series/" class="nav-link nav-item-8453" > The Intercontinental Dictionary Series </a></li><li class=""><a href="/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/glottolog/" class="nav-link nav-item-8451" > Glottolog </a></li><li class=""><a href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php" class="nav-link nav-item-8445" target="_blank"> 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