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<span>Demonym</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demonym-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_era_and_Empire_of_Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era_and_Empire_of_Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Colonial era and Empire of Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era_and_Empire_of_Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highways_serving_Espírito_Santo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways_serving_Espírito_Santo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Highways serving Espírito Santo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways_serving_Espírito_Santo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Espírito Santo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="إسبيريتو سانتو (البرازيل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبيريتو سانتو (البرازيل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_Istadu" title="Espírito Santo Istadu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Espírito Santo Istadu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espiritu-Santu" title="Espiritu-Santu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Espiritu-Santu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эспірыту-Санту – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эспірыту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эсьпірыту-Санту – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эсьпірыту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Еспирито Санто – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еспирито Санто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(stad)" title="Espírito Santo (stad) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Espírito Santo (stad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_d%27Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Estat d'Espírito Santo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat d'Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(estado)" title="Espírito Santo (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Espírito Santo (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(talaith)" title="Espírito Santo (talaith) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Espírito Santo (talaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_osariik" title="Espírito Santo osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Espírito Santo osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Εσπίριτο Σάντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπίριτο Σάντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espirito-Santo" title="Espirito-Santo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Espirito-Santo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپیریتو سانتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپیریتو سانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo,_Brasil" title="Espírito Santo, Brasil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espírito Santo, Brasil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%82%B0%ED%88%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="이스피리투산투주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스피리투산투주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Էսպիրիտու Սանտու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպիրիտու Սանտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पिरितो सान्तो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्पिरितो सान्तो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="কাপিক্সাবা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাপিক্সাবা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эспириту-Санту – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эспириту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אספיריטו סאנטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספיריטו סאנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="ესპირიტუ-სანტუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპირიტუ-სანტუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Spiritus_Sancti" title="Civitas Spiritus Sancti – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas Spiritus Sancti" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espiritu_Santu" title="Espiritu Santu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Espiritu Santu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espirito_Santas" title="Espirito Santas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Espirito Santas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Еспирито Санто – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еспирито Санто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पिरितो सांतो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्पिरितो सांतो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپیریتو سانتو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپیریتو سانتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(staat)" title="Espírito Santo (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Espírito Santo (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%B7%9E" title="エスピリトサント州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスピリトサント州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(Bundesstoot)" title="Espírito Santo (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Espírito Santo (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(Brasil)" title="Espírito Santo (Brasil) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espírito Santo (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espiritu-Santu" title="Espiritu-Santu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Espiritu-Santu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپریتو سانتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسپریتو سانتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ACrito_Santo" title="Espìrito Santo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Espìrito Santo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(estado)" title="Espírito Santo (estado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espírito Santo (estado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperitu_Santu" title="Esperitu Santu – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esperitu Santu" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27uya_Ispiritu_suyu" title="Ch'uya Ispiritu suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'uya Ispiritu suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эспириту-Санту – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эспириту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Еспирито Санто – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еспирито Санто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эспириту-Санту – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эспириту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9" title="รัฐเอชปีรีตูซังตู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเอชปีรีตูซังตู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Эспириту Санту – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эспириту Санту" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Еспіриту-Санту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еспіриту-Санту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپیریتو سانتو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپیریتو سانتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="圣埃斯皮里图州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣埃斯皮里图州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Espírito Santo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%96%E5%B7%9E" title="聖埃斯皮里圖州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖埃斯皮里圖州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="圣埃斯皮里图州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣埃斯皮里图州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&params=20.25_S_40.28_W_type:adm1st_region:BR-ES"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">40°17′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.25°S 40.28°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.25; -40.28</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Brazil</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Espírito Santo (disambiguation)">Espírito Santo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Brazil</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement 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.ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Espírito Santo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Espírito Santo"><img alt="Flag of Espírito Santo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/100px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/150px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/200px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Flag of Espírito Santo">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Espírito Santo"><img alt="Coat of arms of Espírito Santo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/95px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/142px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/190px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="354" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Trabalha e Confia</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span><br /> "Work and trust"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hino_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="pt:Hino do Espírito Santo">Hino do Espírito Santo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg/250px-Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg/375px-Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg/500px-Espirito_Santo_in_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&params=20.25_S_40.28_W_type:adm1st_region:BR-ES"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">40°17′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.25°S 40.28°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.25; -40.28</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Granted as <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Captaincy of Espírito Santo">Captaincy of Espírito Santo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 1535</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Vitória, Espírito Santo">Vitória</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Brazil">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serra,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Serra, Espírito Santo">Serra</a><sup id="cite_ref-IBGE2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBGE2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor (Brazil)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renato_Casagrande" title="Renato Casagrande">Renato Casagrande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Vice Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Ferra%C3%A7o" title="Ricardo Ferraço">Ricardo Ferraço</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">PSDB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fabiano_Contarato" title="Fabiano Contarato">Fabiano Contarato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil)">PT</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Magno_Malta" title="Magno Malta">Magno Malta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)">PL</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Marcos_do_Val" title="Marcos do Val">Marcos do Val</a> (<a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Brazil)" title="Podemos (Brazil)">PODE</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46,077.5 km<sup>2</sup> (17,790.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by area">23rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-census2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,833,712</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by population">15th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">83/km<sup>2</sup> (220/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by population density">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">capixaba, espiritossantense or espirito-santense</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-bge_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">R$</a> 186.337 billion<br />(<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 34.566 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2021</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Category</th><td class="infobox-data">0.771<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span style="color:#0c0">high</span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC−03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">BRT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9202:00" title="UTC−02:00">UTC−02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">BRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal Code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">29000-000 to 29990-000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BR" title="ISO 3166-2:BR">BR-ES</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.es.gov.br/">www.es.gov.br</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Espírito Santo</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[(i)sˈpiɾitu<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsɐ̃tu]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/04\/Pt-br_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.ogg\/Pt-br_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pt-br Esp\u00edrito Santo.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Pt-br_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.ogg/Pt-br_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-br_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.ogg" title="File:Pt-br Espírito Santo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">southeastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. Its capital is <a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitória, Brazil">Vitória</a>, and its largest city is <a href="/wiki/Serra,_Espirito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra, Espirito Santo">Serra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IBGE2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBGE2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an extensive <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a>, the state hosts some of the country's main ports, and its beaches are significant tourist attractions. </p><p>The capital, Vitória, is located on an island, which borders the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cariacica" title="Cariacica">Cariacica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serra,_Espirito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra, Espirito Santo">Serra</a>. These municipalities, plus the outer cities of <a href="/wiki/Fund%C3%A3o,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Fundão, Espírito Santo">Fundão</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guarapari" title="Guarapari">Guarapari</a>, constitute the state's main <a href="/wiki/Metro_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro area">metro area</a>. In the northern extremes of Espírito Santo is Itaúnas, in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Barra,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo">Conceição da Barra</a>, which is a tourist location known for its sand <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">dunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">forró</a> tradition. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Captaincy of Espírito Santo">Captaincy of Espírito Santo</a> was carved out of the <a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_Brazil" title="Captaincies of Brazil">Captaincy of Bahia</a> in the 18th century, during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">colonial rule of Brazil</a>, and named after a 16th-century captaincy covering roughly the same area of coast. Following the elevation of Brazil to a <a href="/wiki/Constituent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent state">constituent kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a> in 1815, prompted by the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Portuguese_Court_to_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil">transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil</a>, Espírito Santo was elevated to a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Brazil" title="Provinces of Brazil">province</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">independence of Brazil</a> in 1822, it became a province of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>, and after Brazil <a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">became a republic</a> in 1889, it was granted statehood. In the early 20th century, its current state symbols were adopted. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espírito Santo's namesake is the Christian <a href="/wiki/Holy_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Ghost">Holy Ghost</a> (also known as the Holy Spirit). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demonym">Demonym</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demonym"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debate exists as to the origin of the term <i>capixaba</i>, the unofficial <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> for those born in Espírito Santo. "Capixaba" is <a href="/wiki/Tupi_language" title="Tupi language">Tupi</a> for "corn hair", reportedly because the blond hair of the European settlers reminded the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> natives of the golden color of corn. A more mainstream explanation is that the name is a metaphor for a corn-grower; Vitória Island is known to have been full of corn <a href="/wiki/Plantations" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations">plantations</a> in the early centuries of Portuguese rule in Brazil. A third etymology is from the name of a local tribe, borrowed by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> during the colonial period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Originally, <i>capixaba</i> referred only to people from Vitória, but in common parlance, it eventually came to refer to those born anywhere in the state. The official state demonym, however, is "espírito-santense".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="History of Espírito Santo">History of Espírito Santo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Convento_da_Penha_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Penha_Convent" title="Penha Convent">Penha Convent</a> founded in 1558</figcaption></figure> <p>Espírito Santo was first inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">Amerindians</a>, whose different tribes were usually semi-nomadic, but precolonial Brazil has no recorded history. The area was colonized by the Portuguese starting in the 16th century, and received African slaves, and later, European immigrants of various origins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era_and_Empire_of_Brazil">Colonial era and Empire of Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial era and Empire of Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg/220px-Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg/330px-Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg/440px-Germans_and_luxembourgers_in_brazil_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>German and Luxembourgish immigrants in Espírito Santo in 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>The Captaincy of Espírito Santo, a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>, was granted to <a href="/wiki/Vasco_Fernandes_Coutinho,_captain_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, captain of Espírito Santo">Vasco Coutinho</a> by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> around three decades after the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">first landed in Brazil</a> in 1500. He arrived at the captaincy to serve his term on 23 May 1535, bringing a retinue of 60 soldiers, colonists, slaves, and servants. They settled on Vitória Island and around the Bay of Vitória. </p><p>The capital was at first established in <a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a>, but due to frequent raids by Amerindians, it was moved to the current capital of Vitória, founded on 8 September 1551, on an island near Vila Velha, which was later named Vitória Island. </p><p>In 1556, after the arrival of European missionaries, the cities Serra, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Almeida,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Almeida, Espírito Santo">Nova Almeida</a>, and Santa Cruz were founded. </p><p>The captaincy remained under the influence of Coutinho's family for 140 years. It was elevated to <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Brazil" title="Provinces of Brazil">province</a> status in 1821, following the 1815 elevation of Brazil to a constituent kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil,_and_the_Algarves" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves</a>, prompted by the 1808 <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Portuguese_court_to_Brazil" title="Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil">transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil</a>. The Portuguese court were fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">Invasion of Portugal (1807)</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">Independence of Brazil</a> in 1822, Espírito Santo's provincial status was kept, and it was headed by an appointed provincial president. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>, who was on good terms with the provincial president, visited the Espírito Santo in 1860, during one of his tours of Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vila_Velha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vila_Velha.jpg/220px-Vila_Velha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vila_Velha.jpg/330px-Vila_Velha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vila_Velha.jpg/440px-Vila_Velha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a> is the most populous municipality in the state.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1889, with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First Brazilian Republic</a>, Espírito Santo was made one of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">states</a> of Brazil. <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Cl%C3%A1udio_de_Freitas_Rosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa">Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa</a> was appointed the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Espírito Santo">governor of the state</a> by the provisional government. He was followed by four other appointed governors (<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hor%C3%A1cio_Costa" title="José Horácio Costa">José Horácio Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constante_Gomes_Sodr%C3%A9" title="Constante Gomes Sodré">Constante Gomes Sodré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrique_da_Silva_Coutinho" title="Henrique da Silva Coutinho">Henrique da Silva Coutinho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gomez_Aguirre" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Gomez Aguirre">Antônio Gomez Aguirre</a>) until the first elected governor of Espírito Santo, <a href="/wiki/Alfeu_Adolfo_Monjardim_de_Andrade_e_Almeida" title="Alfeu Adolfo Monjardim de Andrade e Almeida">Alfeu Adolfo Monjardim de Andrade e Almeida</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Inauguration" title="Inauguration">inaugurated</a> on 7 June 1891. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era</a>, state governors were <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly elected</a> by <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Brazil">Congress</a>. A short period of democracy existed during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Brazilian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Brazilian Republic">Second Brazilian Republic</a>; Carlos Monteiro Lindenberg was elected governor. However, after the <a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 <i>coup d'état</i></a>, governors were once again chosen by the national assembly. After Cristiano Dias Lopes, Arthur Carlos Gerhard Santos, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lcio_%C3%81lvares" title="Élcio Álvares">Élcio Álvares</a>, and Eurico Rezende were chosen in this fashion, the military government <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_since_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazil since 1985">slowly redemocratized</a>, culminating in the adoption of Brazil's current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">1988 Constitution</a>. Democratic elections were held for the filling of every term, up to the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Casagrande" title="Renato Casagrande">Renato Casagrande</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pancas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pancas.jpg/220px-Pancas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pancas.jpg/330px-Pancas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pancas.jpg/440px-Pancas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument</figcaption></figure> <p>During the first three centuries of Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> was <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, until coffee, in high demand in Europe, overtook it in the mid-19th century. During the colonial era, periods of <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a> occurred, when agriculture was neglected, leading to <a href="/wiki/Economic_shortage" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic shortage">food shortages</a>, but not as much gold was found in Espírito Santo, as in the neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>. Another reason for the subdued expansion was the colonial administration's prohibition of the laying roads leading into Minas Gerais, as gold could be <a href="/wiki/Smuggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuggle">smuggled</a> through the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Espirito_Santo_Geography.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Map_of_Espirito_Santo_Geography.PNG/175px-Map_of_Espirito_Santo_Geography.PNG" decoding="async" width="175" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Map_of_Espirito_Santo_Geography.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Geography of Espírito Santo</figcaption></figure> <p>With 46,180 square kilometers (17,830 sq mi), it is about the size of Estonia, or half the size of Portugal, and has a variety of habitats including coastal plains, lakes, mountainous forests, mangroves and many others. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a>, 715 kilometers (444 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitória, Brazil">Vitória</a> in the southern Atlantic Ocean, are part of Espírito Santo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Climate of Espírito Santo</figcaption></figure> <p>This Brazilian state is in the east of the southeastern subdivision of Brazil, which also contains the states of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a>, Minas Gerais and <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (E), the state of <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> (N), the state of <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> (N and W), and the state of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> (S). Espírito Santo's main cities (outside the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Greater Vitória">Greater Vitória</a> region) are <a href="/wiki/Cachoeiro_de_Itapemirim" title="Cachoeiro de Itapemirim">Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colatina" title="Colatina">Colatina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linhares" title="Linhares">Linhares</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="São Mateus, Espírito Santo">São Mateus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aracruz,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Aracruz, Espírito Santo">Aracruz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main river serving the state is the <a href="/wiki/Doce_River" title="Doce River">Doce</a> (English: Sweet River). Other important river basins include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_River_(Vit%C3%B3ria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Maria River (Vitória) (page does not exist)">Santa Maria River</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Santa_Maria_da_Vit%C3%B3ria" class="extiw" title="pt:Rio Santa Maria da Vitória">pt</a>]</span> basin, the northern branch of the inlets flowing into the sea near Vitória, and the Jucu River Basin, which flows into the sea at roughly the same place, but corresponds to the southern branch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espírito Santo's climate is tropical along the coast, with dry winters and rainy summers. North of <a href="/wiki/Doce_River" title="Doce River">Doce River</a> is generally drier and also hot. In the mountainous regions in the south and southwest of the state, the tropical climate is strongly influenced by altitude, and the average temperatures are lower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important lake districts in Brazil lies on the banks of the Doce River. The area contains some 26 large lakes, the biggest of which is called <a href="/wiki/Juparan%C3%A3_Lagoon" title="Juparanã Lagoon">Juparanã Lagoon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state can be divided into two areas: the low lying coastline and the highland area known as <i>Serra</i> (where one can find the 2,890 meter tall <a href="/wiki/Pico_da_Bandeira" title="Pico da Bandeira">Pico da Bandeira</a>), which is part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Capara%C3%B3" title="Serra do Caparaó">Serra do Caparaó</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">range</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,137</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">135,997</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+65.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">209,783</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">457,328</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+118.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">790,149</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+72.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">957,238</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,418,348</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+48.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,617,857</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,063,679</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,598,505</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,097,498</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,514,952</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,833,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-census2022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Yellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 112.00117924292px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 7957.3282711643px 100px 0; border-right-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Ethnicities of Espírito Santo in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Pardo</a></i> (mixed-race) (49.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">White</a> (38.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilians" title="Afro-Brazilians">Black</a> (11.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous</a> (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilians" title="Asian Brazilians">Asian</a> (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_census" title="2022 Brazilian census">2022 census</a>, 3,833,712 people were residing in the state. The census revealed: 1,908,803 Brown (multiracial) (49.8%), 1,479,275 White (38.6%), 429,680 Black (11.2%), 11,617 Indigenous (0.3%) and 4,268 Asian (0.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population density was 72.7 inhabitants per square kilometer (188/sq mi). Urbanization: 82.2% (2006); <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</a>: 2% (1991–2000); Houses: 1,056,000 (2006).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Educational_institutions">Educational institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ufes.br/">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo</a> (UFES) (Federal University of Espírito Santo)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifes.edu.br/">Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo</a> (IFES)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multivix.edu.br/">Faculdade Multivix</a> (Multivix)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faesa.br/">Faculdades Integradas Espírito-santenses</a> (FAESA) (Faculdades Integradas Espírito-santenses)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvv.br/">Universidade Vila Velha</a> (UVV) (Vila Velha University)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesc.br/">Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo</a> (Unesc-ES)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The precolonial Amerindians groups in Espírito Santo were the <a href="/wiki/Tupiniquim" title="Tupiniquim">Tupiniquim</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teminin%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temininó (page does not exist)">Temininó</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aymor%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aymoré (page does not exist)">Aymoré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%AD_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Purí people">Puri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Botocudo" class="mw-redirect" title="Botocudo">Botocudo</a>. They have largely been absorbed into the Portuguese-Brazilian civilization, and few live in reservations or tribes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg/220px-Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg/330px-Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg/440px-Praia_do_Morro_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guarapari" title="Guarapari">Guarapari</a> during summer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta,_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg/330px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg/440px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Anchieta%2C_Vit%C3%B3ria_ES.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7087" data-file-height="5315" /></a><figcaption>Anchieta Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>Especially in the 16th century, several towns in Espírito Santo were founded with primarily Amerindian populations converted to Catholicism, such as Serra and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Cruz, Espírito Santo (page does not exist)">Santa Cruz</a>. Amerindian food has left its legacy in <i>capixaba</i> culture; the fish-based <i><a href="/wiki/Moqueca" title="Moqueca">Moqueca</a> capixaba </i>is the state dish, among other local typical seafood dishes. </p><p>One large ethnic group in the state is known as Turcos. Technically from the region that is now Syria and Lebanon, they came to the state fleeing World War I. As at the time, they were Ottoman Empire citizens, they were commonly called "Turcos" (Turks). Large communities were established in the southern part of the state. Now, their descendants control a good share of the local commerce. The Arab-Brazilians of Espírito Santo are generally <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christians">Maronite Christians</a>. </p><p>About 60–75% of the population of Espírito Santo has Italian ancestry, making it the state with the highest percentage of Italian descendants in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Itália_Nossa_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Itália_Nossa-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They founded many towns in the area and have significant influence on <i>capixaba</i> society. A number of traditional Italian dance groups are still in the state, as are Italian culture festivals, such as the one held in <a href="/wiki/Venda_Nova_do_Imigrante" title="Venda Nova do Imigrante">Venda Nova do Imigrante</a>. Italian food is also an important part of <i>capixaba</i> cuisine. Italian pasta and cheeses, such as <a href="/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella">mozzarella</a>, are produced locally. Small-scale farming, which is turning increasingly towards <a href="/wiki/Agritourism" title="Agritourism">agrotourism</a>, is appealing to its Italian roots to exploit that market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> were among the first colonists to cultivate land away from the coastal zone, and were a strong influence. The first German settlement, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Isabel,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Isabel, Espírito Santo">Santa Isabel</a>, was founded in 1844, and still stands. Like today's <i>capixaba</i> Italian community, they still hold on to many aspects of their ancestors' homeland's culture, as represented in festivals such as the Sommerfest in <a href="/wiki/Domingos_Martins" title="Domingos Martins">Domingos Martins</a>. Domingos Martins also hosts a Colonization Museum, where one can find old photos, artifacts, and documents pertaining to that settlement movement. </p><p>Espírito Santo is home to the biggest community of <a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_dialect" title="East Pomeranian dialect">East Pomeranian</a> speakers in the world. More than a century after arriving to Espírito Santo, East Pomeranian continues to be spoken and remains an important part of Espírito Santo's heritage for many people. To this day, they continue centuries-old customs within their communities. </p><p>Between 1858 and 1862, a group of Dutch settlers from <a href="/wiki/Zeeuws-Vlaanderen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeeuws-Vlaanderen">Zeeuws-Vlaanderen</a> migrated to the state. In the area of Santa Leopoldina, their dialect of Dutch, which they call <i>Ollans</i> but is in fact a variety of Zeeuws-Vlaams influenced by Pomeranian, is still spoken by about 20 speakers. It is therefore severely endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first African slaves in Espírito Santo arrived in Vitória in 1609, and years of slavery ensued. Espírito Santo, though, was still to play a significant part in the Brazilian abolitionist movement in the guise of its slave rebellion of 1848–1849, which required the intervention of imperial troops. Slavery began to lose its economic importance in Espírito Santo after that event. </p><p>Pinning down the exact numbers of immigrants of several ethnic groups from Europe is difficult. Many of these groups came to Espírito Santo under a common <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austrian–Hungarian</a> passport, or in the case of the Tyroleans, under an Italian passport. Tyrolean settlers were both of German and Italian language and concentrated in the region of Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa. <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> (especially from <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> usually arrived under Austrian passports. Large groups of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> settled in Espírito Santo's countryside in the late 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_2">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG/220px-Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG/330px-Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG/440px-Caf%C3%A9_conilon_Timbu%C3%AD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coffea_canephora" title="Coffea canephora">Coffea canephora</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timbu%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timbuí (page does not exist)">Timbuí</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a> is the largest component of GDP at 50%, followed by the industrial sector at 44%. Agriculture represents 5% of GDP (2004). Espírito Santo's exports consisted mainly of manufacturing of iron and steel 35.8%, iron ore 25.2%, paper 17.6%, coffee 7.7%, and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> 6.5% (as of 2002). </p><p>Espírito Santo is Brazil's highest steel-producing state. The main crops grown are coffee, sugarcane, and fruits (mostly coconuts, bananas and <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papayas</a>). The livestock industry is represented primarily by cattle raised for milk and beef. Industry consists mainly of canning, forestry, textiles, and iron and steel works. The latter two are concentrated around <a href="/wiki/Cariacica" title="Cariacica">Cariacica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vale_do_Rio_Doce" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale do Rio Doce">Vale do Rio Doce</a> ironworks. </p><p>Vitória is an important port for the exporting of iron and steel; the state is among the biggest steel-producing regions the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="São Mateus, Espírito Santo">São Mateus</a>, petroleum reserves have been found on the continental shelf, and are being commercially exploited. </p><p>In agricultural production, coffee, sugarcane, papaya, banana, and coconut stand out. It also produces <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, oranges, and beans. </p><p>In 2020, Espírito Santo was the largest producer of <i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_canephora" title="Coffea canephora">Coffea canephora</a></i> in Brazil, with a 66.3% share of the total (564.5 thousand tons, or 9.4 million 60 kg bags). In 2017, Minas accounted for 54.3% of the total national coffee production (first place), Espírito Santo accounted for 19.7% (second place) and São Paulo, 9.8% (third place).<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crea-pr.org.br_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crea-pr.org.br-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazil is the world's biggest productor of sugarcane, with 672 million tons/year. In 2020, Espírito Santo harvested almost 3 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coagro.coop.br_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coagro.coop.br-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conab.gov.br_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conab.gov.br-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Espírito Santo was the seventh-largest national producer of bananas in 2018, with 408 thousand tons. Brazil was already the second-largest producer of the fruit in the world, currently in third place, losing only to India and <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and produced 6.7 million tons in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-cnpmf.embrapa.br_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnpmf.embrapa.br-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espírito Santo was the largest Brazilian producer of papaya in 2018, with 354 thousand tons. Brazil produced 1.06 million tons in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state was the fifth-largest producer of coconuts in Brazil in 2009, with 157 million fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the state also produced cassava, in a small amount compared to Brazilian production: 115,000 tons, with the country producing 17 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espírito Santo had an orange production of around 18,000 tons in 2018, the country's 14th-largest producer state.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the north of the state, beef cattle are raised and fattened, and the meat industry was developed; the meat is mainly shipped to Rio de Janeiro, in addition to supplying the region of Vitória. In the south, dairy farming is practiced, and milk is sold, through cooperatives, in the markets of Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. More recently developed are silviculture and fruit-growing, with use for canned fruit and cellulose production. </p><p>The total number of chickens in the state is about 9.2 million birds, and that of cattle exceeds 1.8 million head. Important reserves of granite are known and used, and extraction of natural gas and oil is increasing. Sands and marbles are also important products of Espírito Santo <a href="/wiki/Extractivism" title="Extractivism">extractivism</a>. </p><p>The state's subsoil is rich in minerals, including oil, with considerable reserves of limestone, marble, manganese, ilmenite, bauxite, zirconium, monazites, and rare earths, although not all are being explored. In mineral extraction, exploration of reserves of marbles, limestone, and dolomite is happening in the Cachoeiro de Itapemirim area. </p><p>Although relatively small, the industrial park in Espírito Santo is home to chemical, metallurgical, food, and paper and cellulose industries. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oilfield_Installation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oilfield_Installation.jpeg/220px-Oilfield_Installation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oilfield_Installation.jpeg/330px-Oilfield_Installation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oilfield_Installation.jpeg/440px-Oilfield_Installation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Oil production in Espírito Santo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg/220px-F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg/330px-F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg/440px-F%C3%A1brica_da_Garoto_em_Vila_Velha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1081" /></a><figcaption>Factory of <a href="/wiki/Garoto" title="Garoto">Garoto</a> Chocolates in Vila Velha</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG/220px-Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG/330px-Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG/440px-Eucaliptal_Aracruz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>Eucalyptus from Aracruz Celulose in the city of <a href="/wiki/Aracruz,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Aracruz, Espírito Santo">Aracruz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg/220px-D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg/330px-D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg/440px-D%C3%A9chargement_porte_conteneurs_Vitoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4628" data-file-height="3085" /></a><figcaption>Port of Vitória</figcaption></figure> <p>About <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a>, Espírito Santo in 2017 had an industrial GDP of R$21.3 billion, equivalent to 1.8% of the national industry. It employed 168,357 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: extraction of oil and natural gas (23.0%), construction (20.5%), industrial services of public utility, such as electricity and water (12.3%), metallurgy (7.5 %), and pulp and paper (6.6%). These sectors concentrate 69.9% of the state's industry.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the export basket of Espírito Santo was based on iron ore (52.49%), crude oil (10.87%), chemical pulp made of soda or sulphate wood (10.01%), stone or construction (5.58%), and coffee (4.42%). Espírito Santo exports iron produced in Minas Gerais. </p><p>In the mineral extractive industry, in 2019, Rio de Janeiro was the largest producer of oil and natural gas in Brazil, with 71% of the total volume produced. São Paulo comes in second place, with an 11.5% share of total production. Espírito Santo was the third-largest producer state, with 9.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, Espírito Santo has stood out in the production of oil and natural gas. With several discoveries made, mainly by Petrobras, the state left the fifth position in the Brazilian ranking of reserves, in 2002, to become one of the largest oil province in the country, with total reserves of 2.5 billion barrels. About 140 thousand barrels a day are produced. Oil fields are located both on land and at sea, in shallow, deep, and ultra-deep waters, containing light and heavy oil and unassociated gas. </p><p>In the urban centers of the capital and Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, practically all the main units of the Espírito Santo transformation industry are concentrated. The steel industries are located in the capital Vitória: Companhia Ferro e Aço de Vitória, iron ore pelletizing plant of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce; lumber, textiles, crockery, instant coffee, chocolates and refrigerators. In the Itapemirim river valley, cement, sugar and alcohol, and canned fruit industries are developed. </p><p>The 10 largest industrial companies in Espírito Santo are: <a href="/wiki/Vale_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale (company)">Companhia Vale do Rio Doce</a> (mining), <a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a> Tubarão (steel mill), Samarco Mineração (mining), <a href="/wiki/Aracruz_Celulose" title="Aracruz Celulose">Aracruz Celulose</a>, Fertilizers Heringer, <a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a> Sul Fluminense (steel mill), Escelsa (electricity distribution company), <a href="/wiki/Garoto" title="Garoto">Garoto</a> (the largest chocolate factory in Latin America and the most important industrial food company of the state) and Sol Coqueria. Espírito Santo is a major steel producer, due to two steel mills present in its territory: ArcelorMittal Tubarão (formerly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Companhia_Sider%C3%BArgica_de_Tubar%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (page does not exist)">Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão</a>) in the capital Vitória, which in 2018 produced 7 million tons of crude steel of the 35.4 million produced in the country; and ArcelorMittal Sul Fluminense (formerly <a href="/wiki/Votorantim_Siderurgia" title="Votorantim Siderurgia">Votorantim Siderurgia</a>), also in the capital, which produced 1 million tons of crude steel in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the paper and cellulose sector, Brazilian pulp production was 19.691 million tons in 2019. The country exported US$7.48 billion in pulp this year, $3.25 billion only to China. Brazilian forest-based industry exports totaled $9.7 billion ($7.48 billion in cellulose, $2 billion in paper, and $265 million in wood panels). Paper production was 10.535 million tons in 2019. The country exported 2.163 million tons. In 2016, the paper and cellulose industry in the south of the country represented 33% of the national total. Espírito Santo stands out in this sector. In 2018, $920 million were traded in the sale of cellulose to the foreign market, the third-strongest Espírito Santo product in the export balance. In 2016, the top five states producing logs for paper and cellulose (mainly <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>) were: Paraná (15.9 million m<sup>3</sup>), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> (14.7 million m<sup>3</sup>), Bahia (13.6 million m<sup>3</sup>), Mato Grosso do Sul (9.9 million m<sup>3</sup>), and <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> (7.8 million m<sup>3</sup>). Together, they correspond to 72.7% of the national production of 85.1 million m<sup>3</sup>. Espírito Santo, 9th place, had a production of 4.1 million m<sup>3</sup>. São Mateus, north of Espírito Santo, was the best-city in the Southeast, as the sixth-largest producer of roundwood for paper and cellulose in the country. The 10 largest producing municipalities had 22.9% of the country's production. They were the cities of Telêmaco Borba (PR), Três Lagoas (MS), Caravelas (BA), Mucuri (BA), Ortigueira (PR), São Mateus (ES), Dom Eliseu (PR), Nova Viçosa (BA), Water Clara (MS), and Ribas do Rio Pardo (MS).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globoES_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globoES-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tertiary sector is underdeveloped throughout the state, but commercial activity acquires a certain importance with iron ore exports from Minas Gerais, through the Vitória a Minas Railway, and is shipped at the ports of Atalaia and Ponta do Tubarão. The connection of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim to the city of Rio de Janeiro, though, by paved highway, allowed the incorporation of the region into the Rio de Janeiro milk basin and facilitated the export of agricultural products, such as coffee, corn, manioc, rice, and vegetables. </p><p>The state's tourist activity is concentrated on the coast, where beaches, such as Itaúnas and Guarapari, are popular. The peak of Bandeira, the third-highest in the country, is another tourist destination. Lately, a new type of tourism has gained prominence: gastronomic, in which typical <i>capixaba</i> cuisine, heir to different cultures, is appreciated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The road system is organized from the BR-101, which crosses Espírito Santo from north to south, bordering the coast. The state has 30,100 km of highways, but only 10% are paved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg/220px-Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg/330px-Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg/440px-Parque_Nacional_Capara%C3%B3_-_Subida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Capara%C3%B3_National_Park" title="Caparaó National Park">Caparaó National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaavalley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Canaavalley.jpg/220px-Canaavalley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Canaavalley.jpg/330px-Canaavalley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Canaavalley.jpg/440px-Canaavalley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Canaã Valley, in Espírito Santo</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism plays an ever-increasing role in the state's economy and is a leading destination in Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Domestic_tourism" title="Domestic tourism">domestic tourism</a>, although international tourism is present, though rarer. Tourist destinations include coastal areas such as Guarapari, <a href="/wiki/Jacara%C3%ADpe,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Jacaraípe, Espírito Santo">Jacaraípe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manguinhos,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Manguinhos, Espírito Santo">Manguinhos</a>, and mountain retreats such as Domingos Martins. Guarapari is also a local tourist destination, known for its black sand beaches. Coastal cuisine is an attraction, with <i>moqueca capixaba</i> and other local seafood dishes among traditional offerings. Inland, there are many natural attractions, such as the national parks of <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Azul_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedra Azul National Park">Pedra Azul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capara%C3%B3_National_Park" title="Caparaó National Park">Caparaó</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Port">Port</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terceira_Ponte_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg/220px-Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg/330px-Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg/440px-Terceira_Ponte_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitória, Brazil">Vitória</a>'s port entrance under the <a href="/wiki/Third_Bridge" title="Third Bridge">Third Bridge</a> (the second-tallest bridge in Brazil), with Ilha do Boi and Camburi Beach in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The port of Vitória is the most difficult to access among Brazilian ports. The bay on which it is located is extremely narrow with rocks, reefs and mountains, making it challenging for freighters and maritime cruisers to reach the <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">docks</a>. This narrow approach also results in ships passing closely to population centers. In Vitória, ships sail in close proximity to cars and pedestrians. The location of the port in the city center also results in scheduling complications with limitations resulting from traffic constraints. Currently, the main use of the port is for ship and oil-platform repairs as well as international shipping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png/220px-Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png/330px-Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png/440px-Novo_Aeroporto_de_VIX.png 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Vitória International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurico_de_Aguiar_Salles_Airport" title="Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport">Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport</a>, which serves Vitória, is located on just over 5,200 ha (13,000 acres). Since construction of its first section, finished in 1946, the airport has undergone several expansions and modernizations, but current demand has surpassed its capacity of 560,000 passengers a year. The passenger terminal has a constructed area of nearly 4,000 m<sup>2</sup> (43,000 sq ft), a check-in concourse, 25 check-in counters and boarding and arrival lounges. The recent construction of new aircraft parking boxes on the <a href="/wiki/Airport_apron" title="Airport apron">aprons</a> has increased the airport's operational efficiency.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2003, more than 1.2 million passengers used the airport, and in 2004 this rose to some 1.25 million. Vitória is one of the 32 airports in the <a href="/wiki/Infraero" title="Infraero">Infraero</a> network that has a cargo terminal. In May 1999, the first direct international freight connection to the United States began operating in Vitória, facilitating American imports to the state of Espírito Santo. As of 2018, there are five such flights per week. A new runway and terminal were due at the end of 2007, but several budget inconsistencies were found and construction was halted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways_serving_Espírito_Santo"><span id="Highways_serving_Esp.C3.ADrito_Santo"></span>Highways serving Espírito Santo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Highways serving Espírito Santo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BR-101" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-101">BR-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BR-259" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-259">BR-259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BR-262" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-262">BR-262</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BR-482&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BR-482 (page does not exist)">BR-482</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vehicles: 1,811,993 (December 2016) <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mobile phones: 4,417,825 (March 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Municipalities: 78 (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Espírito Santo</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">(2011 census by the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IBGE_Pop_2011_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBGE_Pop_2011-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_(27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vila Velha"><img alt="Vila Velha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg/120px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg/180px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg/240px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2827%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serra"><img alt="Serra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg/120px-BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg/180px-BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg/240px-BR-101_Serra_ES.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Serra,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Serra, Espírito Santo">Serra</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">419,853</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Viana,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Viana, Espírito Santo">Viana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,887 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_(21).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vitória"><img alt="Vitória" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg/120px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg/180px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg/240px-Convento_da_Penha_-_Vila_Velha_-_ES_-_panoramio_%2821%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitória, Brazil">Vitória</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Serra,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Serra, Espírito Santo">Serra</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">416,028</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Ven%C3%A9cia" title="Nova Venécia">Nova Venécia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,262 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cariacica" title="Cariacica">Cariacica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">354,615</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Barra_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco" title="Barra de São Francisco">Barra de São Francisco</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,883 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitória, Brazil">Vitória</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">353,626</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Castelo,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Castelo, Espírito Santo">Castelo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">34900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cachoeiro_de_Itapemirim" title="Cachoeiro de Itapemirim">Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">191,041</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marata%C3%ADzes" title="Marataízes">Marataízes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linhares" title="Linhares">Linhares</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">141,254</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_de_Jetib%C3%A1" title="Santa Maria de Jetibá">Santa Maria de Jetibá</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Colatina" title="Colatina">Colatina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">112,431</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gabriel_da_Palha" title="São Gabriel da Palha">São Gabriel da Palha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="São Mateus, Espírito Santo">São Mateus</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,453</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Martins" title="Domingos Martins">Domingos Martins</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,946 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Guarapari" title="Guarapari">Guarapari</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">106,582</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Itapemirim,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Itapemirim, Espírito Santo">Itapemirim</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aracruz,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Aracruz, Espírito Santo">Aracruz</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,152</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Afonso_Cl%C3%A1udio,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo">Afonso Cláudio</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,003 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag">Flag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Flag of Espírito Santo">Flag of Espírito Santo</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_state_symbols" title="List of Espírito Santo state symbols">List of Espírito Santo state symbols</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> of Espírito Santo is a horizontal <a href="/wiki/Triband_(flag)" title="Triband (flag)">triband</a> of blue, white, and pink, with the <a href="/wiki/State_motto" class="mw-redirect" title="State motto">state motto</a>, <i>Trabalha e Confia</i> (English: "Work and trust [God]"), written across the middle band. This motto is a truncated version of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> motto "work as if everything depended on you, and trust as if everything depended on God", well spread by Spanish Catholic <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Anchieta" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Anchieta">José de Anchieta</a>, and was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B4nimo_de_Sousa_Monteiro" title="Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro">Jerônimo Monteiro</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Espírito Santo">governor of Espírito Santo</a> from 1908 to 1912. The flag was designed in 1908, with colours inspired by those of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Victory">Our Lady of Victory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Nossa Senhora da Vitória</i>), the state's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>, wearing traditional Portuguese clothing. It is one of the few flags in the world to use pink.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IBGE2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBGE2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBGE2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf">"2018 Estimates of Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=2018+Estimates+of+Population&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.ibge.gov.br%2FEstimativas_de_Populacao%2FEstimativas_2018%2Festimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"2022 Census Overview"</a> (in Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Census+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bge-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bge_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html">"PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=PIB+por+Unidade+da+Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibge.gov.br%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Feconomic%2Fnational-accounts%2F19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking">"Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP"</a>. <i>atlasbrasil.org.br</i>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atlasbrasil.org.br&rft.atitle=Atlas+do+Desenvolvimento+Humano+no+Brasil.+Pnud+Brasil%2C+Ipea+e+FJP&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasbrasil.org.br%2Franking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"Censo 2022 - Panorama"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i>. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=Censo+2022+-+Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=pnad&o=3&i=P&c=262"><i>Tabela 262 – População residente, por cor ou raça, situação e sexo (vide Nota de Rodapé)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese). Espírito Santo, Brazil: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-240-3919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-240-3919-5"><bdi>978-85-240-3919-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabela+262+%E2%80%93+Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+residente%2C+por+cor+ou+ra%C3%A7a%2C+situa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e+sexo+%28vide+Nota+de+Rodap%C3%A9%29&rft.place=Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%2C+Brazil&rft.pub=Instituto+Brasileiro+de+Geografia+e+Estat%C3%ADstica+%28Brazilian+Institute+of+Geography+and+Statistics%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-85-240-3919-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidra.ibge.gov.br%2Fbda%2Ftabela%2Flistabl.asp%3Fz%3Dpnad%26o%3D3%26i%3DP%26c%3D262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (National Household Sample Survey), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Itália_Nossa-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Itália_Nossa_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110107042129/http://www.italianossa.com.br/site.php?area=estatistica&PHPSESSID=48a1a4e26ce2388867024965cbfef484">"Imigração italiana por Estados e Regiões do Brasil"</a>. <i>italianossa.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italianossa.com.br/site.php?area=estatistica&PHPSESSID=48a1a4e26ce2388867024965cbfef484">the original</a> on 7 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=italianossa.com.br&rft.atitle=Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+italiana+por+Estados+e+Regi%C3%B5es+do+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italianossa.com.br%2Fsite.php%3Farea%3Destatistica%26PHPSESSID%3D48a1a4e26ce2388867024965cbfef484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranceschetto2001" class="citation web cs1">Franceschetto, Cilmar (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040316191344/http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/periodic/precedenti/01/6/espirito.htm">"Espírito Santo, lo stato più veneto del Brasile"</a>. <i>regione.veneto.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/periodic/precedenti/01/6/espirito.htm">the original</a> on 16 March 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=regione.veneto.it&rft.atitle=Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%2C+lo+stato+pi%C3%B9+veneto+del+Brasile&rft.date=2001-06&rft.aulast=Franceschetto&rft.aufirst=Cilmar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.regione.veneto.it%2Fvideoinf%2Fperiodic%2Fprecedenti%2F01%2F6%2Fespirito.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattedi" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mattedi, José Carlos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810085315/http://aplic.vitoria.es.gov.br/pmv/calandra.nsf/0/8688D942E5AB6F7783256FBF006E63CD?OpenDocument&pub=T&proj=internet&gen=Doc+Diario2">"Consulado italiano vai abrir dois escritórios em Vitória para agilizar pedidos de cidadania"</a>. <i>vitoria.es.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aplic.vitoria.es.gov.br/pmv/calandra.nsf/0/8688D942E5AB6F7783256FBF006E63CD?OpenDocument&pub=T&proj=internet&gen=Doc+Diario2">the original</a> on 10 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vitoria.es.gov.br&rft.atitle=Consulado+italiano+vai+abrir+dois+escrit%C3%B3rios+em+Vit%C3%B3ria+para+agilizar+pedidos+de+cidadania&rft.aulast=Mattedi&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faplic.vitoria.es.gov.br%2Fpmv%2Fcalandra.nsf%2F0%2F8688D942E5AB6F7783256FBF006E63CD%3FOpenDocument%26pub%3DT%26proj%3Dinternet%26gen%3DDoc%2BDiario2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaletto" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Saletto, Nara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125165925/http://anpuhes.hpg.ig.com.br/ensaio25.htm">"Sobre a composição étnica da população capixaba"</a>. <i>anpuhes.hpg.ig.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anpuhes.hpg.ig.com.br/ensaio25.htm">the original</a> on 25 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anpuhes.hpg.ig.com.br&rft.atitle=Sobre+a+composi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+%C3%A9tnica+da+popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+capixaba&rft.aulast=Saletto&rft.aufirst=Nara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anpuhes.hpg.ig.com.br%2Fensaio25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremenkampRysNevinsPostma2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bremenkamp, Elizana; Rys, Kathy; Nevins, Andrew; Postma, Gertjan (13 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gragoata.uff.br/index.php/gragoata/article/view/852">"ZEEUWS-FLEMISH IN BRAZIL: MULTILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE DECAY"</a>. <i>Gragoatá</i>: 435–472. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22409%2Fgragoata.2017n42a852">10.22409/gragoata.2017n42a852</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10067%2F1486380151162165141">10067/1486380151162165141</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gragoat%C3%A1&rft.atitle=ZEEUWS-FLEMISH+IN+BRAZIL%3A+MULTILINGUALISM+AND+LANGUAGE+DECAY&rft.pages=435-472&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10067%2F1486380151162165141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22409%2Fgragoata.2017n42a852&rft.aulast=Bremenkamp&rft.aufirst=Elizana&rft.au=Rys%2C+Kathy&rft.au=Nevins%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Postma%2C+Gertjan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gragoata.uff.br%2Findex.php%2Fgragoata%2Farticle%2Fview%2F852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020">"IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=IBGE+prev%C3%AA+safra+recorde+de+gr%C3%A3os+em+2020&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br%2Fagencia-sala-de-imprensa%2F2013-agencia-de-noticias%2Freleases%2F26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crea-pr.org.br-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crea-pr.org.br_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921161317/https://www.crea-pr.org.br/ws/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/GA_Jacarezinho_0111.pdf">"A Reivenção da cafeicultura no Paraná"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>crea-pr.org.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crea-pr.org.br/ws/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/GA_Jacarezinho_0111.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crea-pr.org.br&rft.atitle=A+Reiven%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+cafeicultura+no+Paran%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crea-pr.org.br%2Fws%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FGA_Jacarezinho_0111.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornalterceiravia.com.br/2020/01/26/amarga-decadencia-do-acucar/">"Amarga decadência do açúcar"</a>. <i>jornalterceiravia.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 26 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jornalterceiravia.com.br&rft.atitle=Amarga+decad%C3%AAncia+do+a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar&rft.date=2020-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornalterceiravia.com.br%2F2020%2F01%2F26%2Famarga-decadencia-do-acucar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coagro.coop.br-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coagro.coop.br_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702181038/http://www.coagro.coop.br/post/259">"Coagro espera a melhor safra da cana-de-açúcar dos últimos quatro anos"</a>. <i>coagro.coop.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coagro.coop.br/post/259">the original</a> on 2 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coagro.coop.br&rft.atitle=Coagro+espera+a+melhor+safra+da+cana-de-a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar+dos+%C3%BAltimos+quatro+anos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coagro.coop.br%2Fpost%2F259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conab.gov.br-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conab.gov.br_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conab.gov.br">"Acompanhamento da Safra Brasileira de Cana de Açúcar Maio 2019"</a>. <i>conab.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conab.gov.br&rft.atitle=Acompanhamento+da+Safra+Brasileira+de+Cana+de+A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar+Maio+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conab.gov.br&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnpmf.embrapa.br-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnpmf.embrapa.br_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/banana/b1_banana.pdf">"Produção brasileira de banana em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+banana+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fbanana%2Fb1_banana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/403361/custo-de-producao-de-banana-no-sudeste-paraense">"Custo de produção de banana no sudeste paraense"</a>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Custo+de+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+banana+no+sudeste+paraense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embrapa.br%2Fbusca-de-publicacoes%2F-%2Fpublicacao%2F403361%2Fcusto-de-producao-de-banana-no-sudeste-paraense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mamao/b1_mamao.pdf">"Produção brasileira de mamão em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+mam%C3%A3o+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fmamao%2Fb1_mamao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220203347/http://www.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br/gestor/coco/arvore/CONT000fo7hz6ox02wyiv8065610d6ky3ary.html">"Produção de coco no Brasil"</a>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br/gestor/coco/arvore/CONT000fo7hz6ox02wyiv8065610d6ky3ary.html">the original</a> on 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+coco+no+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br%2Fgestor%2Fcoco%2Farvore%2FCONT000fo7hz6ox02wyiv8065610d6ky3ary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mandioca/b1_mandioca.pdf">"Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+mandioca+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fmandioca%2Fb1_mandioca.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/laranja/b1_laranja.pdf">"Produção brasileira de laranja em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>embrapa.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=embrapa.br&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+laranja+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Flaranja%2Fb1_laranja.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/es">"Espírito Santo Industry Profile"</a>. <i>portaldaindustria.com.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portaldaindustria.com.br&rft.atitle=Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo+Industry+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br%2Festado%2Fes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614150947/https://www.ibp.org.br/observatorio-do-setor/snapshots/pib-do-estado-do-rio-de-janeiro/">"Composição do PIB do estado do Rio de Janeiro"</a>. <i>ibp.org.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibp.org.br/observatorio-do-setor/snapshots/pib-do-estado-do-rio-de-janeiro/">the original</a> on 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibp.org.br&rft.atitle=Composi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+do+PIB+do+estado+do+Rio+de+Janeiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibp.org.br%2Fobservatorio-do-setor%2Fsnapshots%2Fpib-do-estado-do-rio-de-janeiro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027213543/http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5601-rio-aumenta-participacao-producao-nacional-petroleo-gas">"Rio aumenta sua participação na produção nacional de petróleo e gás"</a>. <i>anp.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5601-rio-aumenta-participacao-producao-nacional-petroleo-gas">the original</a> on 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anp.gov.br&rft.atitle=Rio+aumenta+sua+participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+na+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+nacional+de+petr%C3%B3leo+e+g%C3%A1s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anp.gov.br%2Fnoticias%2F5601-rio-aumenta-participacao-producao-nacional-petroleo-gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://institutoacobrasil.net.br/site/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AcoBrasil_Mini_anuario_2019.pdf">"A Siderurgia em Números 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>institutoacobrasil.net.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=institutoacobrasil.net.br&rft.atitle=A+Siderurgia+em+N%C3%BAmeros+2019&rft.pages=11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstitutoacobrasil.net.br%2Fsite%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F08%2FAcoBrasil_Mini_anuario_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folhavitoria.com.br/economia/noticia/09/2019/made-in-espirito-santo-celulose-capixaba-e-usada-em-papel-ate-do-outro-lado-do-mundo">"Made in Espírito Santo: celulose capixaba é usada em papel até do outro lado do mundo"</a>. <i>folhavitoria.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=folhavitoria.com.br&rft.atitle=Made+in+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%3A+celulose+capixaba+%C3%A9+usada+em+papel+at%C3%A9+do+outro+lado+do+mundo&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folhavitoria.com.br%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F09%2F2019%2Fmade-in-espirito-santo-celulose-capixaba-e-usada-em-papel-ate-do-outro-lado-do-mundo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globoES-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-globoES_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/espirito-santo/noticia/sao-mateus-e-o-6-maior-produtor-de-madeira-em-tora-para-papel-e-celulose-no-pais-diz-ibge.ghtml">"São Mateus é o 6º maior produtor de madeira em tora para papel e celulose no país, diz IBGE"</a>. <i>globo.com</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globo.com&rft.atitle=S%C3%A3o+Mateus+%C3%A9+o+6%C2%BA+maior+produtor+de+madeira+em+tora+para+papel+e+celulose+no+pa%C3%ADs%2C+diz+IBGE&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fespirito-santo%2Fnoticia%2Fsao-mateus-e-o-6-maior-produtor-de-madeira-em-tora-para-papel-e-celulose-no-pais-diz-ibge.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529222933/http://www.denatran.gov.br/estatistica/261-frota-2016">"Frota nacional de veículos 2016"</a>. <i>denatran.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denatran.gov.br/estatistica/261-frota-2016">the original</a> on 29 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=denatran.gov.br&rft.atitle=Frota+nacional+de+ve%C3%ADculos+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denatran.gov.br%2Festatistica%2F261-frota-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folhavitoria.com.br/economia/noticia/2015/03/numero-de-aparelhos-celulares-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-no-espirito-santo.html">"Número de aparelhos celulares ultrapassa 4 milhões no Espírito Santo"</a>. <i>folhavitoria.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=folhavitoria.com.br&rft.atitle=N%C3%BAmero+de+aparelhos+celulares+ultrapassa+4+milh%C3%B5es+no+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folhavitoria.com.br%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F2015%2F03%2Fnumero-de-aparelhos-celulares-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-no-espirito-santo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917001451/cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/uf.php?coduf=32">"Espírito Santo: Número de municipios: 78"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/uf.php?coduf=32">the original</a> on 17 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%3A+N%C3%BAmero+de+municipios%3A+78&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcidades.ibge.gov.br%2Fxtras%2Fuf.php%3Fcoduf%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBGE_Pop_2011-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBGE_Pop_2011_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2011/POP2011_DOU.pdf">"Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011"</a> [Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 30 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007090238/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2011/POP2011_DOU.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimativas+da+popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+residente+nos+munic%C3%ADpios+brasileiros+com+data+de+refer%C3%AAncia+em+1%C2%BA+de+julho+de+2011&rft.pub=Brazilian+Institute+of+Geography+and+Statistics&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibge.gov.br%2Fhome%2Festatistica%2Fpopulacao%2Festimativa2011%2FPOP2011_DOU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capixabadagema.com.br/qual-o-significado-das-cores-da-bandeira-capixaba/">"Significado das cores da bandeira capixaba"</a>. <i>capixabadagema.com.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capixabadagema.com.br&rft.atitle=Significado+das+cores+da+bandeira+capixaba&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capixabadagema.com.br%2Fqual-o-significado-das-cores-da-bandeira-capixaba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsp%C3%ADrito+Santo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Espírito Santo</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Espírito Santo">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="c:Espírito Santo">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Espírito Santo">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Espírito Santo">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Espírito Santo">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Espírito Santo">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="extiw" title="voy:Espírito Santo">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.es.gov.br">Official website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121217191959/http://www.vitoria-es-brasil.com/">Brazilian Portal with information about Espírito Santo and Brazil</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English and German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3256">The German Colonists in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Template:Municipalities of Espírito Santo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Espírito Santo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Espírito Santo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Espírito_Santo&#124;link=Espírito_Santo_Municipalities_of_Espírito_Santo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo"><img alt="Espírito Santo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="List of municipalities in Espírito Santo">Municipalities of Espírito Santo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Vitória, Espírito Santo">Vitória</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoregion Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afonso Cláudio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_Cl%C3%A1udio,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo">Afonso Cláudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brejetuba" title="Brejetuba">Brejetuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Castelo" title="Conceição do Castelo">Conceição do Castelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Martins" title="Domingos Martins">Domingos Martins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laranja_da_Terra" title="Laranja da Terra">Laranja da Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marechal_Floriano" title="Marechal Floriano">Marechal Floriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda_Nova_do_Imigrante" title="Venda Nova do Imigrante">Venda Nova do Imigrante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guarapari</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Chaves" title="Alfredo Chaves">Alfredo Chaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchieta,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Anchieta, Espírito Santo">Anchieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarapari" title="Guarapari">Guarapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconha" title="Iconha">Iconha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%BAma" title="Piúma">Piúma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Novo_do_Sul" title="Rio Novo do Sul">Rio Novo do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Santa Teresa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itagua%C3%A7u" title="Itaguaçu">Itaguaçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itarana" title="Itarana">Itarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Leopoldina" title="Santa Leopoldina">Santa Leopoldina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_de_Jetib%C3%A1" title="Santa Maria de Jetibá">Santa Maria de Jetibá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo">Santa Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Roque_do_Cana%C3%A3" title="São Roque do Canaã">São Roque do Canaã</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vitória</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariacica" title="Cariacica">Cariacica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Serra, Espírito Santo">Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viana,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Viana, Espírito Santo">Viana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Vitória, Espírito Santo">Vitória</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg/130px-Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg/195px-Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg/260px-Brazil_State_EspiritoSanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoregion Litoral Norte</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linhares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aracruz,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Aracruz, Espírito Santo">Aracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund%C3%A3o,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Fundão, Espírito Santo">Fundão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibira%C3%A7u" title="Ibiraçu">Ibiraçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Neiva" title="João Neiva">João Neiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhares" title="Linhares">Linhares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Bananal" title="Rio Bananal">Rio Bananal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooretama" title="Sooretama">Sooretama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montanha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montanha,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Montanha, Espírito Santo">Montanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucurici" title="Mucurici">Mucurici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinheiros,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Pinheiros, Espírito Santo">Pinheiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponto_Belo" title="Ponto Belo">Ponto Belo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">São Mateus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Barra" title="Conceição da Barra">Conceição da Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar%C3%A9" title="Jaguaré">Jaguaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Can%C3%A1rio" title="Pedro Canário">Pedro Canário</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="São Mateus, Espírito Santo">São Mateus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoregion Noroeste</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barra de São Francisco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_Doce_do_Norte" title="Água Doce do Norte">Água Doce do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco" title="Barra de São Francisco">Barra de São Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoporanga,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Ecoporanga, Espírito Santo">Ecoporanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manten%C3%B3polis" title="Mantenópolis">Mantenópolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colatina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Rio_Novo" title="Alto Rio Novo">Alto Rio Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixo_Guandu" title="Baixo Guandu">Baixo Guandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colatina" title="Colatina">Colatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governador_Lindenberg" title="Governador Lindenberg">Governador Lindenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maril%C3%A2ndia" title="Marilândia">Marilândia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancas" title="Pancas">Pancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos_do_Norte" title="São Domingos do Norte">São Domingos do Norte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nova Venécia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81guia_Branca" title="Águia Branca">Águia Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Esperan%C3%A7a,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Boa Esperança, Espírito Santo">Boa Esperança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Ven%C3%A9cia" title="Nova Venécia">Nova Venécia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gabriel_da_Palha" title="São Gabriel da Palha">São Gabriel da Palha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Pav%C3%A3o" title="Vila Pavão">Vila Pavão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Val%C3%A9rio" title="Vila Valério">Vila Valério</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoregion Sul</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alegre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegre,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Alegre, Espírito Santo">Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divino_de_S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="Divino de São Lourenço">Divino de São Lourenço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dores_do_Rio_Preto" title="Dores do Rio Preto">Dores do Rio Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua%C3%A7u%C3%AD" title="Guaçuí">Guaçuí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibatiba" title="Ibatiba">Ibatiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibitirama" title="Ibitirama">Ibitirama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irupi" title="Irupi">Irupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%BAna" title="Iúna">Iúna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muniz_Freire,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Muniz Freire, Espírito Santo">Muniz Freire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apiac%C3%A1,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Apiacá, Espírito Santo">Apiacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%ADlio_Vivacqua" title="Atílio Vivacqua">Atílio Vivacqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bom_Jesus_do_Norte" title="Bom Jesus do Norte">Bom Jesus do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachoeiro_de_Itapemirim" title="Cachoeiro de Itapemirim">Cachoeiro de Itapemirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Castelo, Espírito Santo">Castelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B4nimo_Monteiro" title="Jerônimo Monteiro">Jerônimo Monteiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimoso_do_Sul" title="Mimoso do Sul">Mimoso do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqui,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Muqui, Espírito Santo">Muqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Cal%C3%A7ado" title="São José do Calçado">São José do Calçado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargem_Alta" title="Vargem Alta">Vargem Alta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Itapemirim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itapemirim,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Itapemirim, Espírito Santo">Itapemirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marata%C3%ADzes" title="Marataízes">Marataízes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidente_Kennedy,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Presidente Kennedy, Espírito Santo">Presidente Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this 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title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Center-West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Distrito Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Notable archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Rocas Atoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">RN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Socio-geographic divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazônia Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Proposed federative units of Brazil">Proposed federative units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brazil_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazil_topics" title="Template talk:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brazil_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_history" title="Timeline of Brazilian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom (1815–1822)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era (1930–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" title="Fourth Brazilian Republic">Fourth Republic (1946–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Military dictatorship (1964–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1985%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Brazil (1985–present)">Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Brazil" title="Geography of Brazil">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Brazil" title="Climate of Brazil">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Brazil" title="Climate change in Brazil">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_Brazil" title="Coastline of Brazil">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Brazil" title="Environment of Brazil">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Brazil" title="List of extreme points of Brazil">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Brazil" title="Geology of Brazil">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil_by_population" title="List of cities in Brazil by population">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Brazil" title="List of mountains in Brazil">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brazil" title="Protected areas of Brazil">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Brazil" title="List of rivers of Brazil">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Brazil" title="Water resources management in Brazil">Water resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brazil" title="Wildlife of Brazil">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Brazil">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brazil" title="Elections in Brazil">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Brazil" title="Human rights in Brazil">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of speech in Brazil">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ rights in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Brazil" title="Women's rights in Brazil">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brazil" title="Judiciary of Brazil">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Brazil" title="Law of Brazil">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of the Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brazil" title="Energy in Brazil">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Brazil" title="Science and technology in Brazil">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_Bovespa" title="Índice Bovespa">Stock index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Brazil" title="Taxation in Brazil">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Brazil" title="Category:Society of Brazil">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brazil" title="Abortion in Brazil">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil" title="Crime in Brazil">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Brazil" title="Income inequality in Brazil">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Brazilian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Brazil" title="Social issues in Brazil">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">States by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Brazil" title="Unemployment in Brazil">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil" title="Water supply and sanitation in Brazil">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Brazil" title="Youth in Brazil">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazilian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazilian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology in Brazil">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_art" title="Brazilian art">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Carnaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ people in Brazil">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_literature" title="Brazilian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malandragem" title="Malandragem">Malandragem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Brazil" title="National symbols of Brazil">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Brazil" title="List of newspapers in Brazil">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_painting" title="Brazilian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Brazil" title="Public holidays in Brazil">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_sculpture" title="Brazilian sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Brazil" title="Sport in Brazil">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Brazil" title="Television in Brazil">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Brazil" title="Baháʼí Faith in Brazil">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Buddhism</a></li> <li>Christianity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Our_Lady_of_Lebanon_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo">Maronite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Para%C3%ADso_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo">Melkite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Batista_em_Curitiba" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba">Ukrainian Catholic</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Orthodoxy <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_and_All_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of São Paulo and All Brazil">Antiochian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Brazil" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brazil" title="Protestantism in Brazil">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Brazil" title="Hinduism in Brazil">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Syncretic_Religions" title="Brazilian Syncretic Religions">Syncretic Religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazil" title="Category:Brazil">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43233#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015544-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50065353">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458226">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557268205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4c754e1f-701d-41a3-87d6-6611b5f93a58">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087869373">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045342">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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