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title="Transgender">Transgender topics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:white; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top: 0.35em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bissu, Calabai, Calalai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Burrnesha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary or genderqueer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Health care</a> practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_clinic" title="Gender identity clinic">Gender clinic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria_in_children" title="Gender dysphoria in children">in children</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_gender_incongruence" title="Causes of gender incongruence">Causes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Hormone therapy</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puberty_blocker" title="Puberty blocker">Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Gender-affirming surgery</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(female-to-male)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)">female-to-male</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(male-to-female)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)">male-to-female</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Facial_feminization_surgery" title="Facial feminization surgery">Facial feminization surgery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Facial_masculinization_surgery" title="Facial masculinization surgery">Facial masculinization surgery</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Hair removal</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pregnancy" title="Transgender pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBT_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBT people">Assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_voice_therapy" title="Transgender voice therapy">Voice therapy</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">WPATH</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standards_of_Care_for_the_Health_of_Transgender_and_Gender_Diverse_People" title="Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People">Standards of Care</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Rights and <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">legal status</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_gender" title="Legal gender">Legal gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political office-holders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_asylum_seekers" title="Transgender asylum seekers">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Military service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Transgender personnel in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison#Transgender_issues" title="LGBTQ people in prison">Prisons</a></li> <li>Toilets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">Bathroom bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Gender-critical</span> or <span class="nowrap">trans-exclusionary</span> <span class="nowrap">radical feminism</span></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Transgender men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_panic_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans panic defense">Trans panic defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Events and awareness</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Awareness_Week" title="Transgender Awareness Week">Awareness Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_beauty_pageants" title="Category:Transgender beauty pageants">Beauty pageants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Day of Visibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_march" title="Trans march">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_events" title="Category:Transgender events">more</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Culture</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_transgender_anatomy" title="Terminology of transgender anatomy">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_trans_characters" title="List of fictional trans characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feature_films_with_transgender_characters" title="List of feature films with transgender characters">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-binary_people" title="List of non-binary people">non-binary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_characters_in_television" title="List of transgender characters in television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory and concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard%27s_transsexualism_typology" title="Blanchard's transsexualism typology">Blanchard's typology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_gender_nonconformity" title="Childhood gender nonconformity">Childhood gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender / cissexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Gender detransitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Gender-sexuality questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy" title="Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy">Rapid-onset dysphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmedicalism" title="Transmedicalism">Transmedicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_by_continent" title="Category:Transgender by continent">By country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Rights</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Argentina" title="Transgender rights in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Identity_Law_(Argentina)" title="Gender Identity Law (Argentina)">2012 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Lohana_Berkins_Law" title="Diana Sacayán–Lohana Berkins Law">2021 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Canada" title="Transgender rights in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_amend_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act_and_the_Criminal_Code" title="An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code">2016 bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_China" title="Transgender people in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transsexuals_Act_(Germany)" title="Transsexuals Act (Germany)">1980 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender_law_(Germany)" title="Third gender law (Germany)">2018 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Determination_Act_(Germany)" title="Self-Determination Act (Germany)">2024 law</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Transgender_Persons_Bill,_2014" title="Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014">2014 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2019" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019">2019 act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="LGBT rights in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Iran" title="Transgender rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Ireland" title="Transgender rights in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Bill,_2017" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2017">2017 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2018" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018">2018 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Transgender rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_(Norway)" title="Gender Recognition Act (Norway)">2016 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Singapore" title="Transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteration_of_Sex_Description_and_Sex_Status_Act,_2003" title="Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act, 2003">2003 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ley_Trans" title="Ley Trans">2022 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">2004 act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Reform_(Scotland)_Bill" title="Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill">2022 bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States">Disenfranchisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_under_Title_IX" title="Gender identity under Title IX">Title IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia_in_the_United_States" title="Transphobia in the United States">Transphobia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Argentina">Argentina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_transg%C3%A9nero_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Historia transgénero en Argentina">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re_Kevin_%E2%80%93_validity_of_marriage_of_transsexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Kevin – validity of marriage of transsexual">Re Kevin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">elected officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Cafeteria riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.3em 0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_Transgender.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/16px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/24px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/32px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transgender" title="Portal:Transgender">Transgender portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li></ul></div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics" title="Category:Transgender topics">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transgender_sidebar" title="Template:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transgender_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Transgender history in Brazil</b> comprises the <a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender">history of transgender</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">transsexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">travesti</a>) people in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and their struggles and organization from the pre-colonial period to the modern day. Before Brazil's colonization, indigenous peoples respected various transmasculine and transfeminine third genders; colonization included public executions of trans people and the systematic imposition of the Western <a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">gender binary</a>. In the late 1800s, there were repeated arrests of black travestis and occasional sensationalized news reports of travestis. By the 1920s there were popular <a href="/wiki/Drag_queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag queens">drag queens</a> and in the 1950s travestis became popular stars in the theater and <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue shows</a>. From the 1960s onward, LGBT periodicals publicly discussed the issues facing travestis and transsexuals. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">military dictatorship in Brazil</a> (1964–1985) carried out mass targeted arrests and <a href="/wiki/Censorship_under_the_military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship under the military dictatorship in Brazil">media censorship</a> of travestis. Many emigrated to Paris and the majority who remained were pressured into sex work. In the latter half of the dictatorship, censorship loosened and travestis began to re-enter the theatre and organize openly. After the dictatorship, mass arrests continued along with extrajudicial killings by the military and vigilante groups. The homosexual rights movement distanced itself from travestis for <a href="/wiki/Respectability_politics" title="Respectability politics">respectability</a>. In 1992, the first political travesti organization was created and began advocating for HIV care and against police brutality. Over the next decade, more trans organizations were created and began to partner with gay and lesbian organizations. </p><p>In 1997 gender-affirming surgeries were approved on an experimental basis. In 2008 the surgeries began to be covered by the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_%C3%9Anico_de_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Sistema Único de Saúde">unified health system</a> with strict requirements and in 2009 the courts established a right to change name and gender on birth certificates after surgery. In 2017, the requirement for name change became judicial recognition of transgender identity, and in 2019 self-attestation. Since <a href="/wiki/Transgender_Europe" title="Transgender Europe">Transgender Europe</a> began recording data in 2008, Brazil has had the highest global annual rates of murders of trans people. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_peoples_and_colonization">Indigenous peoples and colonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Indigenous peoples and colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francois_Carypyra_(1614).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An etching of Tibira do Maranhão with a bow on their back resting a club over their shoulder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Francois_Carypyra_%281614%29.png" decoding="async" width="197" height="373" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tibira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Tibira do Maranhão">Tibira do Maranhão</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuit priests</a> recorded encounters with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">indigenous</a> transmasculine people who lived as men, took wives, and took offense at being called women.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1587, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Descriptive_Treatise_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Descriptive Treatise of Brazil (page does not exist)">Descriptive Treatise of Brazil</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not%C3%ADcia_do_Brasil" class="extiw" title="pt:Notícia do Brasil">pt</a>]</span> described <i>cudinas</i>, transfeminine indigenous people who were treated as women.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived as women from a young age, took husbands, and joined menstruating women when exiled to the corner of the village.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1536 to 1821 "<a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>" was punished under the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> with imprisonment, torture, and confiscation of assets.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonization was framed by the colonizers as necessary to regulate the practices of the indigenous considered "against nature" such as "sodomy".<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xica_Manicongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xica Manicongo (page does not exist)">Xica Manicongo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Manicongo" class="extiw" title="pt:Francisco Manicongo">pt</a>]</span>, an <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">African slave</a>, was the first <a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">travesti</a> recorded in Brazil;<sup id="cite_ref-Jesus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she worked as a cobbler and in 1591 was charged by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> for dressing as a woman and prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jesus_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another African travesti, Joane, was accused of the same during the visit.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin priest</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_d%27Evreux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves d'Evreux (page does not exist)">Yves d'Evreux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_d%27Evreux" class="extiw" title="fr:Yves d'Evreux">fr</a>]</span> provided an account of meeting a "<a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodite</a>" (now referred to as <a href="/wiki/Tibira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Tibira do Maranhão">Tibira do Maranhão</a>) between 1613 and 1614 who was forced into hiding as the French "were looking for him and to his equals to kill them and to purify the land of their cruelties" in the name of the Catholic church; when caught they were taken to the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o#History" title="São Luís, Maranhão">Fort of São Luís</a>, tied to a cannon, and shot in front of local indigenous leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One was recorded by Yves as telling Tibira that "if you want to have long hair in Heaven and the body of a woman rather than that of a man, ask <a href="/wiki/Tup%C3%A3_(mythology)" title="Tupã (mythology)">Tupan</a> to give you the body of a woman and you will be resurrected as a woman, and there in Heaven you will be alongside women and not men".<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1711, the first constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Salvador_da_Bahia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia">Archbishop of Bahia</a> established a punishment of a 100 <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cruzado" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese cruzado">cruzados</a> fine and, arbitrarily dependent on the situation, banishment for "cross-dressing" as a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1750s the Portuguese established administrative control of sex and gender in daily life, enforcing <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a> and adhesion to Western gender norms and roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Picq_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Picq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next 100 years in Brazil there were repeated arrests for "cross-dressing", mostly of black travestis.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Silva_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the 19th century, Brazilian newspapers reported sensationalized accounts of travestis and would <a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">publicize their names and addresses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colorized photo of Dina Alma De Paradeda; She's wearing a white dress, holding under her left arm, and staring into the distance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg/220px-Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg/330px-Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg/440px-Alma_de_Paradeda_-_colorized.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dina_Alma_de_Paradeda" title="Dina Alma de Paradeda">Dina Alma de Paradeda</a> (colorized)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1910, in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Transvestiten" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Transvestiten">Die Transvestiten</a></i> (<i>Transvestites</i>), <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Magnus Hirschfeld</a> recounted the story of <a href="/wiki/Dina_Alma_de_Paradeda" title="Dina Alma de Paradeda">Dina Alma de Paradeda</a>, a Brazilian socialite who became a popular figure in Berlin's balls and who he claimed to have known personally; she died in 1906 by suicide rather than comply with a medical assistant's order to undress and undergo a medical examination.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirschfeld_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirschfeld-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Linge_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s and 30s, <a href="/wiki/Drag_queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag queens">drag queens</a> such as John Bridges and Aymond had popular acts where they impersonated contemporary female stars.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s and 60s, gay bars started to open in <a href="/wiki/Copacabana,_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro">Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro</a> and travestis gained more acceptance in the theater, having previously been relegated to <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Carnival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drag_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag balls">drag balls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue shows</a> were at the height of their popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, Ivaná Monteiro Damião became of star of such shows and appeared in movies as a woman in the 50s and 60s.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was presented as a visiting French artist despite being Portuguese and living for a long time in Rio de Janeiro.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, her sex was hidden, until productors started utilizing it in their marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is frequently cited as the first famous travesti in Brazilian theater, but she gave the credit for that to Aymond.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/O_Cruzeiro" title="O Cruzeiro">O Cruzeiro</a></i> published a story about Mário da Silva, a trans man who at 18 years old received gender-affirming surgery in his home city of <a href="/wiki/Itaja%C3%AD" title="Itajaí">Itajaí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, the gay magazine <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Snob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Snob (page does not exist)">O Snob</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal_O_Snob" class="extiw" title="pt:Jornal O Snob">pt</a>]</span></i> discussed different contemporary gender identities in Rio, which included <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bichas</i></span>, <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bofes</i></span>, <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bonecas</i></span>, and <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">entendidos</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_dictatorship_(1964–1985)"><span id="Military_dictatorship_.281964.E2.80.931985.29"></span>Military dictatorship (1964–1985)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military dictatorship (1964–1985)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_(II).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A scan of a newspaper published in 1977 with a photo of Cláudia Celeste about the telenovela Espelho Mágico (Magic Mirror)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg/220px-Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg/330px-Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg/440px-Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste_Archivo_%28II%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cláudia Celeste (page does not exist)">Cláudia Celeste</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste" class="extiw" title="pt:Cláudia Celeste">pt</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste" class="extiw" title="es:Cláudia Celeste">es</a>]</span>, the first travesti television star.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_(Imperatriz_1982).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rogéria standing on top of a platform with a dress covered in reflective silver feathers and a hat with peacock feathers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg/220px-Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg/330px-Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg/440px-Desfile-Carnaval-Rio_%28Imperatriz_1982%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rog%C3%A9ria" title="Rogéria">Rogéria</a>, "the travesti of the Brazilian family", in 1982.</figcaption></figure> <p>The military repression started in the late 60s and reached its height in the 70s, mainly targeting suspected communists and LGBT people, the most recognizable of whom were travestis at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military would censor travesti shows on television and theater and people assigned male at birth were arrested for looking feminine.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same period, <a href="/wiki/Pajub%C3%A1" title="Pajubá">Pajubá</a>, a blend of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese (language)">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa#Demographics_and_languages" title="West Africa">West African languages</a> spoken by practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions, became popular among travestis and expanded to include terms relevant to LGBT people to communicate covertly.<sup id="cite_ref-Junior2022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Junior2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, <a href="/wiki/Rog%C3%A9ria" title="Rogéria">Rogéria</a> became a star in revue shows and shortly after moved to Europe with other famous travestis where she became one of the first Brazilian travestis to start gender-affirming hormone therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 1960s and the start of the 70s the majority of travestis in Rio took hormones.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the stars fled, primarily to Paris, approximately 200 other travestis followed them to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 70s the figure grew to 500 and by the 80s it was 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of exclusion in the labour and housing market in Brazil and the emerging sex work industry, the majority of travestis remaining were systematically pressured into prostitution during this period; while travestis had been associated with theater in the 60s they were associated with crime and prostitution in the 80s.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many began to use dangerous black-market silicone injections in addition to hormones.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, after the passage of <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Act_Number_Five" title="Institutional Act Number Five">Institutional Act Number Five</a>, the minister of foreign affairs <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Magalh%C3%A3es_Pinto" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Magalhães Pinto">José de Magalhães Pinto</a> formed a commission to investigate subversives suspected of being LGBT based on medical and psychiatric examinations and external complaints.<sup id="cite_ref-Almeida_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almeida-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, the dictatorship approved decree 1077 (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Decreto-Lei n. 1.077</i></span>), which gave them the power to censor communications that they considered a threat to the institution of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, Valdirene Noguiera received gender-affirming surgery from <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Farina_Case" title="Roberto Farina Case">Dr. Roberto Farina</a>. The surgery, performed at the Oswaldo Cruz hospital in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, was a success; However, Farina was charged by the State with bodily harm and sentenced to two years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first surgery for a trans man, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_W._Nery" title="João W. Nery">João W. Nery</a> was performed clandestinely by Farina in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazarré_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazarré-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period from 1975 to 1985, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Redemocratization_in_Brazil" title="Redemocratization in Brazil">abertura</a></i> (opening) of the dictatorship, saw the growth of various liberation movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1978 and 1981 the first LGBT newspaper in Brazil, <i><a href="/wiki/O_Lampi%C3%A3o_da_Esquina" title="O Lampião da Esquina">O Lampião da Esquina</a></i>, was published and drew attention to the murders, often by police, of homosexuals and travestis, as well as the fight for LGBT rights and acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-Almeida_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almeida-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, it criticized the exclusion of travestis from the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Encontro Brasileiro de Homossexuais</i></span> (Brazilian Meeting of Homosexuals).<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1970s in São Paulo a systematic hunt led to the arrests of over 2,000 travestis who were then treated as political prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, during <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">carnival</a> in Rio de Janeiro, the police attacked, tortured and killed homosexuals and travestis in a local bar.<sup id="cite_ref-Almeida_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almeida-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the army began Operation Rondão, which targeted travestis and arrested 1,500 in a week before being met with a large counter-protest.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, transgender rights saw Some advances during this time. From 1978 to 1979, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Farina_Case" title="Roberto Farina Case">Dr. Roberto Farina</a> was acquitted of all criminal liability in a trial and subsequent appeal stemming from the first gender-affirming surgery performed in Brazil. </p><p>In 1977, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cláudia Celeste (page does not exist)">Cláudia Celeste</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste" class="extiw" title="pt:Cláudia Celeste">pt</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udia_Celeste" class="extiw" title="es:Cláudia Celeste">es</a>]</span> became the first travesti television actress in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rogéria returned in the 1970s and became a star of theater, television, and cinema with the nickname "the travesti of the Brazilian family" from 1980 until her death in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C3%A1udia_Wonder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cláudia Wonder (page does not exist)">Cláudia Wonder</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udia_Wonder" class="extiw" title="pt:Cláudia Wonder">pt</a>]</span> was a travesti rock star in the 80s and, unlike her predecessors, her work was countercultural and mixed with LGBT activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Meneses_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, Nery released the autobiography <i>Personal Error: Joana ou João?</i> (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Erro de Pessoa: Joana ou João?</i></span>), the first record of a self-declared trans man in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferreira_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferreira-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Lee_(activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Lee (activist) (page does not exist)">Brenda Lee</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Lee" class="extiw" title="pt:Brenda Lee">pt</a>]</span>, a travesti from São Paulo, created the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Palácio das Princesas</i></span> (Palace of the Princesses) in her house, caring for HIV-positive travestis and victims of violence. The name was changed to the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Casa de Apoio Brenda Lee</i></span> (Brenda Lee Support House) in 1986 and was still open as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carrijo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrijo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-dictatorship_period_(1986–1999)"><span id="Post-dictatorship_period_.281986.E2.80.931999.29"></span>Post-dictatorship period (1986–1999)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-dictatorship period (1986–1999)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="4 activists underneath a sign advertising the 1996 ENTLAIDS." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg/220px-IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg/330px-IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg/440px-IV-ENTLAIDS-1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption> ENTLAIDS in 1996. From left to right: André Fernandes, Jovanna Baby (president of ASTRAL), Indianara Siqueira, and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1tia_Tapety" title="Kátia Tapety">Kátia Tapety</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the dictatorship, in the second half of the 1980s, the situation for travestis worsened. The military police, paramilitary groups, and vigilantes hunted travestis and killed them without fear of legal consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 27, 1987, the São Paulo police launched Operation Tarantula, a program that targeted travestis for their identity; it was officially suspended on March 10 due to pressure from LGBT rights groups following the arrest of approximately 300 travestis.<sup id="cite_ref-Cavalcanti_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavalcanti-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the president of the group <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Triângulo Rosa</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Pink_triangle" title="Pink triangle">pink triangle</a>'), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_Ant%C3%B4nio_Mascarenhas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Antônio Mascarenhas (page does not exist)">João Antônio Mascarenhas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ant%C3%B4nio_Mascarenhas" class="extiw" title="es:João Antônio Mascarenhas">es</a>; <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ant%C3%B4nio_Mascarenhas" class="extiw" title="pt:João Antônio Mascarenhas">pt</a>]</span>, appeared before the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Constituent_Assembly_(1988)" title="Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988)">1987 Constituent Assembly</a> to say that associating with travestis would hurt the homosexual movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Constituent_Assembly_(1988)" title="Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988)">1988 Constituent Assembly</a>, activists from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Homosexual_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Homosexual Movement (page does not exist)">Brazilian Homosexual Movement</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_Homossexual_Brasileiro" class="extiw" title="pt:Movimento Homossexual Brasileiro">pt</a>]</span> moved to add <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> as a protected class in a non-discrimination clause; as they spoke they differentiated "respectable homosexuals" like themselves from "travestis."<sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, the Higher Institute of Religious Studies (ISER; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Instituto Superior de Estudos da Religião</i></span>) developed a <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Brazil" title="HIV/AIDS in Brazil">HIV/AIDS</a> prevention project that distributed supplies to sex workers. Jovanna Baby worked as a referrer for travestis in 1990 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrijo_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrijo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 2, 1992, Baby and other travesti sex workers gathered in ISER to form the first political travesti organization in Latin America and the second in the world, the Association of Travestis and Liberated Peoples (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASTRAL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASTRAL (page does not exist)">ASTRAL</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTRAL" class="extiw" title="pt:ASTRAL">pt</a>]</span>; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Associação das Travestis e Liberados</i></span>), with Baby as the president. The first actions of ASTRAL were to organize against police violence and indiscriminate arrests targeted towards travesti sex-workers in addition to organizing for better care for people with HIV/AIDS.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carrijo_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrijo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1990s, travestis and transsexuals were not formally included in the Brazilian Homosexual Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, ASTRAL organized the first National Meeting of Travestis and Liberated Peoples (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Encontro Nacional de Travestis e Liberados</i></span>), with the slogan "the citizens do not have adequate clothing". 95 members from 5 states attended. In 1996, at the fourth meeting, it began to receive funding from the federal government's National DST-AIDS Program and was renamed the National Meeting of Travestis in the Fight against AIDS (ENTLAIDS; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Encontro Nacional de Travestis na Luta contra a AIDS</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, travesti organizations were formally included in the homosexual movements spaces for the first time at the 8th Brazilian Meeting of Gays and Lesbians, which saw the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Brasileira_de_L%C3%A9sbicas,_Gays,_Bissexuais,_Travestis,_Transexuais_e_Intersexos" title="Associação Brasileira de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Intersexos">Brazilian Association of Gays, Lesbians, and Travestis</a> (ABGLT; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Associação Brasileira de Gays, Lésbicas e Travestis</i></span>) and would be renamed in 1997 to the Brazilian Meeting of Gays, Lesbians, and Travestis (EBGLT; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Encontro Brasileiro de Gays, Lésbicas e Travestis</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, what was referred to as the Brazilian Homosexual Movement (MHB; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Movimento Homossexual Brasileiro</i></span>) was gradually renamed to the Movement of Gays and Lesbians (MGL) then Movement of Gays, Lesbians, and Travestis (MGLT).<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1tia_Tapety" title="Kátia Tapety">Kátia Tapety</a> was elected to city councilor of <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B4nia_do_Piau%C3%AD" title="Colônia do Piauí">Colônia do Piauí</a>, becoming the first travesti to occupy elected office in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Santos_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santos-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, the Transsexual Movement of Campinas (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Movimento Transexual de Campinas</i></span>) was formed from connections made between participants at ENTLAIDS. It distinguished itself for its pedagogical aims of attempting to educate the population, popularizing a medicalized understanding of transsexuality, and for maintaining a strong relationship with health services such as the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_das_Cl%C3%ADnicas_da_Unicamp" title="Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp">Hospital das Clínicas of the State University of Campinas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a large impact on medical policy regarding transition<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the same year gender-affirming surgeries stopped being considered a "crime of mutiliation" and began to be performed experimentally in some university hospitals according to Resolution 1482/97 of the <a href="/wiki/Conselho_Federal_de_Medicina" title="Conselho Federal de Medicina">Federal Council of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 1990s, there was not a national consensus about the use of terms of identity. The letter <i>T</i> in GLT or GLBT could signify <i>travestis</i>, <i>transsexuals</i>, or <i>transgender</i>, and the majority of travesti and transsexual activists do not recognize themselves in the term <i>transgender</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Brazilian trans people began to use <i>trans</i> while rejecting <i>transgender</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Corrales_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corrales-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, in Rio de Janeiro, the Homosexual Defense Hotline (DDH; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Disque Defesa Homosexual</i></span>) was formed by the state public security office together with LGBT activists and researchers with tripartite representation of a gay man, a lesbian and a travesti.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of the DDH was to change the police from an oppressive institution towards LGBT people to one that protects them; it led to an increasing trend of creation of LGBT public security agendas by hybrid ensembles of state and activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2000, in <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=ANTRA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANTRA (page does not exist)">National Articulation of Travestis and Transsexuals</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antra" class="extiw" title="pt:Antra">pt</a>]</span> (ANTRA; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Articulação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais</i></span>) was formed, which by 2013 had more than 80 membership organizations and was the largest network of trans people in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_(cropped).jpg" title="File:Homenagem à Marielle Franco - Dep. Duda Salabert (cropped).jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg/102px-Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg/153px-Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Homenagem_%C3%A0_Marielle_Franco_-_Dep._Duda_Salabert_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="3252" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erika_Hilton.png" title="File:Erika Hilton.png"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Erika_Hilton.png/112px-Erika_Hilton.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Erika_Hilton.png/168px-Erika_Hilton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Erika_Hilton.png/224px-Erika_Hilton.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Duda_Salabert" title="Duda Salabert">Duda Salabert</a> (<i>left</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Erika_Hilton" title="Erika Hilton">Erika Hilton</a> (<i>right</i>), the first travestis elected to the National Congress.</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="About 20 trans people kneeling with arms upraised behind black crosses with papers depicting cause of death taped to them erected for the trans people who were killed in 2016." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg/220px-D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg/330px-D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg/440px-D%C3%ADa_de_la_Visibilidad_Trans_-_Brasil_2017_-_144_cruces_negras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>144 crosses erected on Copacabana beach on <a href="/wiki/Trans_Day_of_Visibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Day of Visibility">Trans Day of Visibility</a> in 2017 to represent each trans person killed in Brazil in 2016.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2008, at the 22nd EBGLT in <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>, a group organized the first national meeting of transsexuals with the participation of approximately 30 national leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ABGLT 2010–2013 term was the first to have a travesti on the board of directors, in addition to a trans vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth of social media in the mid-2000s led to the creation of online groups and resources for Brazilian trans men.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferreira_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferreira-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_W._Nery" title="João W. Nery">João W. Nery</a> expanded and republished his earlier autobiography as 'Solitary Journey: Memories of a transsexual thirty years later' (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Viagem Solitária: Memórias de um transexual trinta anos depois</i></span>), becoming a prominent activist for trans men.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferreira_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferreira-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first organization for trans men, the Brazilian Association of Trans Men (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Associação Brasileira de Homens Trans</i></span>), was founded in July 2012. It was short-lived and was eventually replaced by the Brazilian Institute of Transmasculinities (IBRAT; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Instituto Brasileiro de Transmasculinidades</i></span>), founded on June 13. IBRAT helped organize the first National Meeting of Transgender Men (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Encontro Nacional de Homens Trans</i></span>) in March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">Brazilian Ministry of Health</a> began to offer <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender-affirming surgery</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_%C3%9Anico_de_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Sistema Único de Saúde">Unified Health System</a>; the requirements included 2 years of psychotherapy and the approval of local health officials.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrín_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrín-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_Justice_(Brazil)" title="Superior Court of Justice (Brazil)">Superior Court of Justice</a> (STJ; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Superior Tribunal de Justiça</i></span>) established the right of trans women who had received surgery to change their name and gender on their birth certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-STJ_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STJ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the STJ replaced the requirement of surgery with that of judicially proving transgender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-STJ_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STJ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the Group of Lawyers for Sexual Diversity (GADvS; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Grupo de Advogados pela Diversidade Sexual</i></span>) along with LGBT activists successfully argued in favor of new gender-identity recognition legislation;<sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Souto_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Souto-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Federal_Court" title="Supreme Federal Court">Supreme Federal Court</a> (STF; <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Supremo Tribunal Federal</i></span>) ruled that trans people can have identity cards and official documents consistent with their gender and name without medical, legal or judicial requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-Longaker_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longaker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-STJ_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STJ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the STF issued a ruling that anti-LGBT discrimination should be prosecutable under laws governing racist discrimination until Congress approves specific LGBT legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinheiro-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 study found 34 barriers to its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinheiro-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Transgender_Europe" title="Transgender Europe">Transgender Europe</a> published in 2021, Brazil had the highest number of murders against trans and queer people worldwide for the 13th consecutive year; of the 375 murders recorded worldwide that year, 125 occurred in Brazil, although the report clarified that this figure may be an underestimate due to unreported cases and unrecorded deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinheiro-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ANTRA published a report in early 2021 that estimated 175 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transfemicide" class="extiw" title="wikt:transfemicide">transfemicides</a> in 2020, 82% of which were committed against black people. The COVID-19 pandemic also worsened pre-existing socioeconomic and health disparities: around 70% of queer and trans people were unable to access emergency services, some had to <a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">detransition</a> when they returned to families that did not support them due to mass layoffs, and suicides among trans people increased during the lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinheiro-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">2022 Brazilian general election</a> the first travesti legislators were elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erika_Hilton" title="Erika Hilton">Erika Hilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duda_Salabert" title="Duda Salabert">Duda Salabert</a>, city councilors of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Grattan1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grattan1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ANTRA recorded over 30 trans candidates ran in the elections, approximately 80% of whom had harassment threats and intimidation, including death threats.<sup id="cite_ref-Grattan2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grattan2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/32px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/48px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/64px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Brazil portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Brazil">LGBT history in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Transgender rights in Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fernandes2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2017_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFernandesArisi2017" class="citation book cs1">Fernandes, Estevão Rafael; Arisi, Barbara M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-53225-7"><i>Gay Indians in Brazil</i></a>. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 7–8, 23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-53225-7">10.1007/978-3-319-53225-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53224-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53224-0"><bdi>978-3-319-53224-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay+Indians+in+Brazil&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=7-8%2C+23&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-53225-7&rft.isbn=978-3-319-53224-0&rft.aulast=Fernandes&rft.aufirst=Estev%C3%A3o+Rafael&rft.au=Arisi%2C+Barbara+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-53225-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliveira-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibeiroMagalhãesSeffnerVilaça2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ribeiro, Paula Regina Costa; Magalhães, Joanalira Corpes; Seffner, Fernando; Vilaça, Teresa (2018). "Transexistências negras: o lugar de travestis e mulheres transexuais negras no Brasil e em África até o século XIX" [Black transexistences: the place of travestis and black transsexual women in Brazil and in Africa until the 19th century]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.furg.br/bitstream/handle/1/7746/Livro_final_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>Corpo, gênero e sexualidade: resistência e ocupa(ações) nos espaços de educação</i></a> [<i>Body, gender and sexuality: resistance and occupation(s) in education spaces</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Editora da FURG. pp. 69–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-7566-546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-7566-546-6"><bdi>978-85-7566-546-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240719200231/https://repositorio.furg.br/bitstream/handle/1/7746/Livro_final_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2024-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transexist%C3%AAncias+negras%3A+o+lugar+de+travestis+e+mulheres+transexuais+negras+no+Brasil+e+em+%C3%81frica+at%C3%A9+o+s%C3%A9culo+XIX&rft.btitle=Corpo%2C+g%C3%AAnero+e+sexualidade%3A+resist%C3%AAncia+e+ocupa%28a%C3%A7%C3%B5es%29+nos+espa%C3%A7os+de+educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.pages=69-88&rft.pub=Editora+da+FURG&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-85-7566-546-6&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Paula+Regina+Costa&rft.au=Magalh%C3%A3es%2C+Joanalira+Corpes&rft.au=Seffner%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Vila%C3%A7a%2C+Teresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.furg.br%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F7746%2FLivro_final_1.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernandes2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes2020_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandes2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fernandes, Estevão Rafael (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livros.unb.br/index.php/portal/catalog/book/57"><i>Descolonizando sexualidades: enquadramentos coloniais e homossexualidade indígena no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos</i></a> [<i>Decolonizing sexualities: colonial frameworks and indigenous homosexuality in Brazil and the United States</i>] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Portal de Livros da UnB. pp. 22–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26512%2F9786558460442">10.26512/9786558460442</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-65-5846-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-65-5846-044-2"><bdi>978-65-5846-044-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Descolonizando+sexualidades%3A+enquadramentos+coloniais+e+homossexualidade+ind%C3%ADgena+no+Brasil+e+nos+Estados+Unidos&rft.pages=22-90&rft.pub=Portal+de+Livros+da+UnB&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26512%2F9786558460442&rft.isbn=978-65-5846-044-2&rft.aulast=Fernandes&rft.aufirst=Estev%C3%A3o+Rafael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivros.unb.br%2Findex.php%2Fportal%2Fcatalog%2Fbook%2F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesus2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jesus, Jaqueline Gomes de (2019-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/re-doc/article/view/41817">"Xica Manicongo: A Transgeneridade Toma a Palavra"</a> [Xica Manicongo: Transgenderness Takes the Word]. <i>Revista Docência e Cibercultura</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <b>3</b> (1): 250–260. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12957%2Fredoc.2019.41817">10.12957/redoc.2019.41817</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2594-9004">2594-9004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Doc%C3%AAncia+e+Cibercultura&rft.atitle=Xica+Manicongo%3A+A+Transgeneridade+Toma+a+Palavra&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=250-260&rft.date=2019-06-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12957%2Fredoc.2019.41817&rft.issn=2594-9004&rft.aulast=Jesus&rft.aufirst=Jaqueline+Gomes+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-publicacoes.uerj.br%2Fre-doc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F41817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Picq-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Picq_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicq2019" class="citation journal cs1">Picq, Manuela L. (2019-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28222/chapter/213246092">"Decolonizing Indigenous Sexualities: Between Erasure and Resurgence"</a>. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.23">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.23</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Global+LGBT+and+Sexual+Diversity+Politics&rft.atitle=Decolonizing+Indigenous+Sexualities%3A+Between+Erasure+and+Resurgence&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.23&rft.aulast=Picq&rft.aufirst=Manuela+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fedited-volume%2F28222%2Fchapter%2F213246092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silva-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvaCosta_e_Brito2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Silva, Edlene Oliveira; Costa e Brito, Alexandre Magno Maciel (2017-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128015249/https://www.periodicos.ufes.br/dimensoes/article/view/16813">"Travestis e transexuais no jornal 'Lampião da Esquina' durante a ditadura militar (1978-1981)"</a> [Travestis and transsexuals in the newspaper 'Lampião da Esquina' during the military dictatorship (1978-1981)]. <i>Dimensões</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <b>38</b>: 214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23871%2Fdimensoes-n38-16813">10.23871/dimensoes-n38-16813</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2179-8869">2179-8869</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.ufes.br/dimensoes/article/view/16813">the original</a> on 2023-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dimens%C3%B5es&rft.atitle=Travestis+e+transexuais+no+jornal+%27Lampi%C3%A3o+da+Esquina%27+durante+a+ditadura+militar+%281978-1981%29&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=214&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.23871%2Fdimensoes-n38-16813&rft.issn=2179-8869&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Edlene+Oliveira&rft.au=Costa+e+Brito%2C+Alexandre+Magno+Maciel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicos.ufes.br%2Fdimensoes%2Farticle%2Fview%2F16813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hirschfeld-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hirschfeld_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschfeld1910" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hirschfeld, Magnus (1910). <i>Die Transvestiten</i> (in German). pp. 189–192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Transvestiten&rft.pages=189-192&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Hirschfeld&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linge-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linge_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinge2023" class="citation book cs1">Linge, Ina (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/166/oa_monograph/book/111883"><i>Queer Livability: German Sexual Sciences and Life Writing</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 31–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmpub.11464019">10.3998/mpub.11464019</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F134048">10871/134048</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-90266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-90266-8"><bdi>978-0-472-90266-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37276275">37276275</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251417420">251417420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queer+Livability%3A+German+Sexual+Sciences+and+Life+Writing&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=31-63&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10871%2F134048&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251417420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fmpub.11464019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37276275&rft.isbn=978-0-472-90266-8&rft.aulast=Linge&rft.aufirst=Ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F166%2Foa_monograph%2Fbook%2F111883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meneses-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meneses_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayoMeneses2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jayo, Martin; Meneses, Emerson Silva (2018-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revistas.usp.br/extraprensa/article/view/144077">"Presença travesti e mediação sociocultural nos palcos brasileiros: uma periodização histórica"</a> [Travesti presence and sociocultural mediation on Brazilian stages: a historical periodization]. <i>Revista Extraprensa</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <b>11</b> (2): 158–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11606%2Fextraprensa2018.144077">10.11606/extraprensa2018.144077</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2236-3467">2236-3467</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Extraprensa&rft.atitle=Presen%C3%A7a+travesti+e+media%C3%A7%C3%A3o+sociocultural+nos+palcos+brasileiros%3A+uma+periodiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+hist%C3%B3rica&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=158-174&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11606%2Fextraprensa2018.144077&rft.issn=2236-3467&rft.aulast=Jayo&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Meneses%2C+Emerson+Silva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistas.usp.br%2Fextraprensa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F144077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hutta_and_Balzer-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutta_and_Balzer_10-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuttaBalzer2013" class="citation book cs1">Hutta, Jan Simon; Balzer, Carsten (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314352_5">"Identities and Citizenship under Construction: Historicising the 'T' in LGBT Anti-Violence Politics in Brazil"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+LGBT+Movement+and+Interest+Groups&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Politics&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190228637.013.1293&rft.isbn=978-0-19-022863-7&rft.aulast=Longaker&rft.aufirst=Jacob+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190228637.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190228637-e-1293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Santos-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Santos_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantos2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santos, Gustavo Gomes da Costa (August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scielo.br/j/sess/a/bb84mwdz8Dc8VphrwfpHXvD/?lang=pt">"Diversidade sexual e política eleitoral: Analisando as candidaturas de travestis e transexuais no Brasil contemporâneo"</a>. <i>Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (Rio de Janeiro)</i> (in Portuguese) (23): 58–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1984-6487.sess.2016.23.03.a">10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2016.23.03.a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1984-6487">1984-6487</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexualidad%2C+Salud+y+Sociedad+%28Rio+de+Janeiro%29&rft.atitle=Diversidade+sexual+e+pol%C3%ADtica+eleitoral%3A+Analisando+as+candidaturas+de+travestis+e+transexuais+no+Brasil+contempor%C3%A2neo&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=58-96&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2F1984-6487.sess.2016.23.03.a&rft.issn=1984-6487&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Gustavo+Gomes+da+Costa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fj%2Fsess%2Fa%2Fbb84mwdz8Dc8VphrwfpHXvD%2F%3Flang%3Dpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carvalho2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carvalho2_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvalho2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carvalho, Mario (2018-05-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scielo.br/j/cpa/a/MyFKg4jJ4dBr6Zzfpb7vL9Q/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Travesti", "mulher transexual", "homem trans" e "não binário": interseccionalidades de classe e geração na produção de identidades políticas"</a>. <i>Cadernos Pagu</i> (in Portuguese) (52): e185211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1809444920100520011">10.1590/1809444920100520011</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0104-8333">0104-8333</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cadernos+Pagu&rft.atitle=%22Travesti%22%2C+%22mulher+transexual%22%2C+%22homem+trans%22+e+%22n%C3%A3o+bin%C3%A1rio%22%3A+interseccionalidades+de+classe+e+gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+na+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+identidades+pol%C3%ADticas&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=e185211&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2F1809444920100520011&rft.issn=0104-8333&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fj%2Fcpa%2Fa%2FMyFKg4jJ4dBr6Zzfpb7vL9Q%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrales-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Corrales_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrales2012" class="citation journal cs1">Corrales, Javier (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/politics-of-lgbtq-rights-expansion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/00A8AE5DCEA8F9EDF5EF8B044806D90B">"The Politics of LGBTQ Rights Expansion in Latin America and the Caribbean"</a>. <i>Elements in Politics and Society in Latin America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> (published 2022-04-07). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108993609">10.1017/9781108993609</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-99360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-99360-9"><bdi>978-1-108-99360-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elements+in+Politics+and+Society+in+Latin+America&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+LGBTQ+Rights+Expansion+in+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108993609&rft.isbn=978-1-108-99360-9&rft.aulast=Corrales&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Felements%2Fpolitics-of-lgbtq-rights-expansion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean%2F00A8AE5DCEA8F9EDF5EF8B044806D90B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarrín-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarrín_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarrín2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jarrín, Alvaro (2016-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-3545095">"Untranslatable Subjects: Travesti Access to Public Health Care in Brazil"</a>. <i>TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>3</b> (3–4): 357–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F23289252-3545095">10.1215/23289252-3545095</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2328-9252">2328-9252</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TSQ%3A+Transgender+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Untranslatable+Subjects%3A+Travesti+Access+to+Public+Health+Care+in+Brazil&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=357-375&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F23289252-3545095&rft.issn=2328-9252&rft.aulast=Jarr%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Alvaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1215%2F23289252-3545095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STJ-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STJ_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STJ_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STJ_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stj.jus.br/sites/portalp/Paginas/Comunicacao/Noticias/2023/29012023-Decisoes-do-STJ-foram-marco-inicial-de-novas-regras-sobre-alteracao-no-registro-civil-de-transgeneros.aspx">"Decisões do STJ foram marco inicial de novas regras sobre alteração no registro civil de transgêneros"</a> [STJ decisions were the starting point for new rules on changes to the civil registration of transgender people] (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_Justice_(Brazil)" title="Superior Court of Justice (Brazil)">Superior Tribunal de Justiça</a>. 2023-01-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240719041222/https://www.stj.jus.br/sites/portalp/Paginas/Comunicacao/Noticias/2023/29012023-Decisoes-do-STJ-foram-marco-inicial-de-novas-regras-sobre-alteracao-no-registro-civil-de-transgeneros.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decis%C3%B5es+do+STJ+foram+marco+inicial+de+novas+regras+sobre+altera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+no+registro+civil+de+transg%C3%AAneros&rft.pub=Superior+Tribunal+de+Justi%C3%A7a&rft.date=2023-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stj.jus.br%2Fsites%2Fportalp%2FPaginas%2FComunicacao%2FNoticias%2F2023%2F29012023-Decisoes-do-STJ-foram-marco-inicial-de-novas-regras-sobre-alteracao-no-registro-civil-de-transgeneros.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Souto-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Souto_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouto2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Souto, Luiza (2017-11-21). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/grupos-lgbt-pressionam-justica-para-garantir-direitos-basicos-22090469">"Grupos LGBT pressionam Justiça para garantir direitos básicos"</a></span> [LGBT groups pressure Justice to guarantee basic rights]. <i><a href="/wiki/O_Globo" title="O Globo">O Globo</a></i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007091227/https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/grupos-lgbt-pressionam-justica-para-garantir-direitos-basicos-22090469">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=O+Globo&rft.atitle=Grupos+LGBT+pressionam+Justi%C3%A7a+para+garantir+direitos+b%C3%A1sicos&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Souto&rft.aufirst=Luiza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foglobo.globo.com%2Fbrasil%2Fgrupos-lgbt-pressionam-justica-para-garantir-direitos-basicos-22090469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-48391926">"Majority in Brazil's top court to make homophobia and transphobia crimes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2019-05-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524212409/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-48391926">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Majority+in+Brazil%27s+top+court+to+make+homophobia+and+transphobia+crimes&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-48391926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinheiro-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinheiro_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinheiro2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pinheiro, Ester (2022-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2022/01/23/ha-13-anos-no-topo-da-lista-brasil-continua-sendo-o-pais-que-mais-mata-pessoas-trans-no-mundo">"Há 13 anos no topo da lista, Brasil continua sendo o país que mais mata pessoas trans no mundo"</a> [Brazil continues to be the country with the largest number of trans people killed]. <i><a href="/wiki/Brasil_de_Fato" title="Brasil de Fato">Brasil de Fato</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123141135/https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2022/01/23/ha-13-anos-no-topo-da-lista-brasil-continua-sendo-o-pais-que-mais-mata-pessoas-trans-no-mundo">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brasil+de+Fato&rft.atitle=H%C3%A1+13+anos+no+topo+da+lista%2C+Brasil+continua+sendo+o+pa%C3%ADs+que+mais+mata+pessoas+trans+no+mundo&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft.aulast=Pinheiro&rft.aufirst=Ester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brasildefato.com.br%2F2022%2F01%2F23%2Fha-13-anos-no-topo-da-lista-brasil-continua-sendo-o-pais-que-mais-mata-pessoas-trans-no-mundo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grattan1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grattan1_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrattan2022" class="citation news cs1">Grattan, Steven (2022-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trailblazing-brazilian-trans-lawmakers-face-more-conservative-congress-2022-10-05/">"Trailblazing Brazilian trans lawmakers face more conservative Congress"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204115021/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trailblazing-brazilian-trans-lawmakers-face-more-conservative-congress-2022-10-05/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trailblazing+Brazilian+trans+lawmakers+face+more+conservative+Congress&rft.date=2022-10-06&rft.aulast=Grattan&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Ftrailblazing-brazilian-trans-lawmakers-face-more-conservative-congress-2022-10-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grattan2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grattan2_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrattan2022" class="citation news cs1">Grattan, Steven (2022-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/divisive-election-brazils-trans-candidates-face-threats-intimidation-2022-09-21/">"In divisive election, Brazil's trans candidates face threats, intimidation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921110553/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/divisive-election-brazils-trans-candidates-face-threats-intimidation-2022-09-21/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+divisive+election%2C+Brazil%27s+trans+candidates+face+threats%2C+intimidation&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft.aulast=Grattan&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdivisive-election-brazils-trans-candidates-face-threats-intimidation-2022-09-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransgender+history+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ah.mutha.com.br">Museu Transgênero de História e Arte (MUTHA)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lesbian,_gay,_bisexual,_transgender_topics_in_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazilian_LGBTQ_topics" title="Template:Brazilian LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazilian_LGBTQ_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Brazilian LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazilian_LGBTQ_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazilian LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lesbian,_gay,_bisexual,_transgender_topics_in_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> topics in Brazil</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ rights in Brazil">LGBT rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Alagoas" title="LGBT rights in Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bahia" title="LGBT rights in Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cear%C3%A1" title="LGBT rights in Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="LGBT rights in Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="LGBT rights in the Federal District (Brazil)">Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="LGBT rights in Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Par%C3%A1" title="LGBT rights in Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Paran%C3%A1" title="LGBT rights in Paraná">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Piau%C3%AD" title="LGBT rights in Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="LGBT rights in Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="LGBT rights in Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Rond%C3%B4nia" title="LGBT rights in Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="LGBT rights in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sergipe" title="LGBT rights in Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Same-sex marriage in Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADI_4277_and_ADPF_132" title="ADI 4277 and ADPF 132">ADI 4277 and ADPF 132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rcl_12876_and_MS_32077" title="Rcl 12876 and MS 32077">Rcl 12876 and MS 32077</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex adoption in Brazil">Same-sex adoption in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_immigration_policy_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex immigration policy in Brazil">Same-sex immigration policy in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Transgender rights in Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADPF_787" title="ADPF 787">ADPF 787</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_laws_in_Brazil" title="Anti-discrimination laws in Brazil">Anti-discrimination laws in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_homosexuality_in_Brazil" title="Legal status of homosexuality in Brazil">Legal status of homosexuality in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of consent in Brazil">Age of consent in Brazil</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Sem_Homophobia" title="Brasil Sem Homophobia">Brasil Sem Homophobia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazil_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/400px-Brazil_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBT life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">History</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transgender</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ people in Brazil">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_tourism_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_politicians_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT politicians in Brazil">Politicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_organisations_in_Brazil" title="Category:LGBTQ organisations in Brazil">LGBT groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conselho_Nacional_dos_Direitos_das_Pessoas_LGBTQIA%2B" title="Conselho Nacional dos Direitos das Pessoas LGBTQIA+">Conselho Nacional dos Direitos das Pessoas LGBTQIA+</a> (Brasília)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_Gay_da_Bahia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Gay da Bahia (page does not exist)">Grupo Gay da Bahia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Gay_da_Bahia" class="extiw" title="pt:Grupo Gay da Bahia">pt</a>]</span> (Salvador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Brasileira_de_L%C3%A9sbicas,_Gays,_Bissexuais,_Travestis,_Transexuais_e_Intersexos" title="Associação Brasileira de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Intersexos">Associação Brasileira de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Intersexos</a> (São Paulo)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CasaNem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CasaNem (page does not exist)">CasaNem</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/CasaNem" class="extiw" title="pt:CasaNem">pt</a>]</span> (Rio de Janeiro)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_Gay_de_Alagoas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Gay de Alagoas (page does not exist)">Grupo Gay de Alagoas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Gay_de_Alagoas" class="extiw" title="pt:Grupo Gay de Alagoas">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_L%C3%A9sbica_Feminista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Ação Lésbica Feminista (page does not exist)">Grupo Ação Lésbica Feminista</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_L%C3%A9sbica_Feminista" class="extiw" title="pt:Grupo Ação Lésbica Feminista">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Parada_do_Orgulho_GLBT_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associação da Parada do Orgulho GLBT de São Paulo (page does not exist)">Associação da Parada do Orgulho GLBT de São Paulo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Parada_do_Orgulho_GLBT_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="extiw" title="pt:Associação da Parada do Orgulho GLBT de São Paulo">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nacional_de_Travestis_e_Transexuais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais (page does not exist)">Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nacional_de_Travestis_e_Transexuais" class="extiw" title="pt:Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alian%C3%A7a_Nacional_LGBTI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliança Nacional LGBTI (page does not exist)">Aliança Nacional LGBTI</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alian%C3%A7a_Nacional_LGBTI" class="extiw" title="pt:Aliança Nacional LGBTI">pt</a>]</span> (Curitiba)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Brasileira_de_Estudos_da_Trans-Homocultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associação Brasileira de Estudos da Trans-Homocultura (page does not exist)">Associação Brasileira de Estudos da Trans-Homocultura</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Brasileira_de_Estudos_da_Trans-Homocultura" class="extiw" title="pt:Associação Brasileira de Estudos da Trans-Homocultura">pt</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBT streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frei_Caneca_Street" title="Frei Caneca Street">Frei Caneca Street</a> (São Paulo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_Farme_de_Amoedo" title="Rua Farme de Amoedo">Farme de Amoedo Street</a> (Rio de Janeiro)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBT beaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipanema" title="Ipanema">Ipanema Beach</a> (Rio de Janeiro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_da_Barra_Beach" title="Porto da Barra Beach">Porto da Barra Beach</a> (Salvador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Beach" title="Mole Beach">Mole Beach</a> (Florianópolis)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBT events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hell_%26_Heaven" title="Hell & Heaven">Salvador Hell & Heaven</a> (Salvador)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Gay_Pride_Parade" title="São Paulo Gay Pride Parade">São Paulo Gay Pride Parade</a> (São Paulo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian%C3%B3polis_Gay_Carnival" title="Florianópolis Gay Carnival">Florianópolis Gay Carnival</a> (Florianópolis)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_in_Brazil" title="Category:LGBTQ in Brazil">Category:LGBTQ in Brazil</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_history" title="Template:LGBTQ history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ_history" title="Template talk:LGBTQ history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Kenya" title="LGBTQ history in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Niger" title="LGBTQ history in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Sudan" title="LGBTQ history in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Uganda" title="LGBTQ history in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Bangladesh" title="LGBTQ history in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_China" title="LGBTQ history in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_India" title="LGBTQ history in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Iran" title="LGBTQ history in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ history in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Israel" title="LGBTQ history in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Pakistan" title="LGBTQ history in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Singapore" title="LGBTQ history in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_South_Korea" title="LGBTQ history in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Taiwan" title="LGBTQ history in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Thailand" title="LGBTQ history in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Turkey" title="LGBTQ history in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Belgium" title="LGBT history in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="LGBT history in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Finland" title="LGBT history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_France" title="LGBTQ history in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Greece" title="LGBTQ history in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Hungary" title="LGBT history in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Ireland" title="LGBTQ history in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Latvia" title="LGBT history in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_the_Netherlands" title="LGBT history in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Norway" title="LGBT history in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Poland" title="LGBTQ history in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Portugal" title="LGBT history in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Romania" title="LGBT history in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ history in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_violence_against_homosexuals_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of violence against homosexuals in Russia (page does not exist)">violence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:История преследования гомосексуалов в России">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Serbia" title="LGBT history in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Spain" title="LGBTQ history in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Sweden" title="LGBT history in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Switzerland" title="LGBT history in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">violence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ history in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="LGBT history in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Honduras" title="LGBT history in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Mexico" title="LGBTQ history in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States" title="LGBTQ history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_actions_in_the_United_States_prior_to_the_Stonewall_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT actions in the United States prior to the Stonewall riots">before Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United States">violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_historic_places_in_the_United_States" title="LGBT historic places in the United States">places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University_LGBT_history" title="Brigham Young University LGBT history">at Brigham Young University</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Australia" title="LGBTQ history in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Nauru" title="LGBT history in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Argentina" title="LGBT history in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Chile" title="LGBT history in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Peru" title="LGBT history in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">Timelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="List of years in LGBTQ rights">List of years in LGBTQ rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_years_in_LGBTQ_rights" title="Table of years in LGBTQ rights">table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_firsts_by_year" title="List of LGBTQ firsts by year">Firsts by year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_firsts_by_year_(2010s)" title="List of LGBTQ firsts by year (2010s)">2010s</a></li></ul></li> <li>Century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history,_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history, 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history,_20th_century" title="Timeline of LGBT history, 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history,_21st_century" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history, 21st century">21st</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_South_Asian_and_diasporic_LGBT_history" title="Timeline of South Asian and diasporic LGBT history">South Asian and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Asian_and_Pacific_Islander_diasporic_LGBT_history" title="Timeline of Asian and Pacific Islander diasporic LGBT history">Asian and Pacific Islander diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African_and_diasporic_LGBT_history" title="Timeline of African and diasporic LGBT history">African and diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Canada" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_South_Africa" title="Timeline of LGBT history in South Africa">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Manchester" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of LGBT Jewish history">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_Mormon_history" title="Timeline of LGBT Mormon history">Mormon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Topical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_journalism" title="Timeline of LGBTQ journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_in_policing" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT in policing">Policing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sexual_orientation_and_medicine" title="Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine">Sexual orientation and medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_asexual_history" title="Timeline of asexual history">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Transgender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conversion_therapy" title="History of conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_erasure" title="Queer erasure">LGBT erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">Same-sex unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexuality" title="History of homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Homosexuality in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Homosexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Homosexuality in pre-Columbian Peru">Ancient Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_militaries_of_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece">in militaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">pederasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_medieval_Europe" title="Homosexuality in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gay men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gay_men_in_the_United_States" title="History of gay men in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_lesbianism" title="History of lesbianism">Lesbians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbians_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbians in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbiennes_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesbiennes en France">fr</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbian_immigrants_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbian immigrants in France (page does not exist)">immigrants</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbiennes_de_l%27immigration_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesbiennes de l'immigration en France">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbians_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbians in the medieval Islamic world (page does not exist)">Medieval Islamic world</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbianisme_dans_le_monde_arabe_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesbianisme dans le monde arabe médiéval">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Lesbians in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_pre-modern_Spain" title="Lesbians in pre-modern Spain">Pre-modern Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic" title="Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic">Spanish Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_Francoist_Spain" title="Lesbians in Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_democratic_transition_period" title="Lesbians in the Spanish democratic transition period">Democratic transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_during_the_socialist_government_of_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Lesbians during the socialist government of Felipe González">González government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_during_the_government_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="Lesbians during the government of José María Aznar">Aznar government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbians_during_the_socialist_government_of_Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="Lesbians during the socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Zapatero government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lesbianism_in_the_United_States" title="History of lesbianism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Erasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_bisexuality" title="History of bisexuality">Bisexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bisexuality_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="History of bisexuality in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_erasure" title="Bisexual erasure">Erasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">Transgender</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">legal history</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">Intersex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_history_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex history in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_cross-dressing" title="History of cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="History of drag">Drag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_in_Africa" title="Drag in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drag_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drag in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Drag en France">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLBT_Historical_Society" title="GLBT Historical Society">GLBT Historical Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queers_in_History" title="Queers in History">Queers in History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transgender_History_(book)" title="Transgender History (book)">Transgender History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Oral_History_Project" title="Transgender Oral History Project">Transgender Oral History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group_in_LGBT_history" title="Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history">Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods" title="List of LGBTQ awareness periods">List of LGBTQ awareness periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_LGBT_characters_in_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of LGBT characters in animation">History of LGBT animated characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_history" title="Category:LGBTQ history">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transgender_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transgender_topics" title="Template:Transgender topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transgender_topics" title="Template talk:Transgender topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transgender_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity"><span class="wrap">Gender identities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bissu, Calabai, Calalai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Burrnesha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary or genderqueer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Health care</a> and medicine</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria_in_children" title="Gender dysphoria in children">in children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty_blocker" title="Puberty blocker">Puberty blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Hormone therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_transgender_hormone_therapy" title="DIY transgender hormone therapy">DIY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(male-to-female)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)">to female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(female-to-male)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)">to male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pregnancy" title="Transgender pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_gender" title="Legal gender">Legal gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Legal recognition of non-binary gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Rights organizations</a></li> <li>Toilets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">bathroom bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">unisex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Discrimination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Against non-binary people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Against transgender men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_asylum_seekers" title="Transgender asylum seekers">Asylum seekers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgenderism" title="Cisgenderism">Cisgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison#Transgender_issues" title="LGBTQ people in prison">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">trans panic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">Society and culture</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_transgender_anatomy" title="Terminology of transgender anatomy">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A5haj" title="Blåhaj">Blåhaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_transgender_people" title="Christianity and transgender people">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ-related films</a></li> <li>Events <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Awareness_Week" title="Transgender Awareness Week">Awareness Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Day of Visibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_march" title="Trans march">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Non-Binary_People%27s_Day" title="International Non-Binary People's Day">Non-binary People's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_events#Worldwide" title="List of LGBTQ events">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_trans_characters" title="List of fictional trans characters">fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feature_films_with_transgender_characters" title="List of feature films with transgender characters">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pornography" title="Transgender pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_sexuality" title="Transgender sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_ice_hockey" title="Transgender people in ice hockey">ice hockey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory and<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard%27s_transsexualism_typology" title="Blanchard's transsexualism typology">Blanchard's typology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_gender_nonconformity" title="Childhood gender nonconformity">Childhood gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender / cissexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Gender detransitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Gender-sexuality questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy" title="Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy">Rapid-onset dysphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmedicalism" title="Transmedicalism">Transmedicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_transgender_people_in_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of transgender people in Argentina (page does not exist)">Argentina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_transg%C3%A9nero_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Historia transgénero en Argentina">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Chile">Chile</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_trans_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Historia trans en Chile">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">legal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_China" title="Transgender people in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender people in ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Singapore" title="Transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Argentina" title="Transgender rights in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Identity_Law_(Argentina)" title="Gender Identity Law (Argentina)">2012 law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n_Law_-_Lohana_Berkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Sacayán Law - Lohana Berkins (page does not exist)">2021 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n_-_Lohana_Berkins" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re_Kevin_%E2%80%93_validity_of_marriage_of_transsexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Kevin – validity of marriage of transsexual">re Kevin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bolivia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gender_Identity_Law_(Bolivia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gender Identity Law (Bolivia) (page does not exist)">2016 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_identidad_de_g%C3%A9nero_(Bolivia)" class="extiw" title="es:Ley de identidad de género (Bolivia)">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Canada" title="Transgender rights in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_amend_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act_and_the_Criminal_Code" title="An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code">2016 bill C-16</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gender_Identity_Law_(Chile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gender Identity Law (Chile) (page does not exist)">2018 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_identidad_de_g%C3%A9nero_(Chile)" class="extiw" title="es:Ley de identidad de género (Chile)">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Transgender_Persons_Bill,_2014" title="Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014">2014 Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2019" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019">2019 Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kerala" title="LGBT rights in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="LGBT rights in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Iran" title="Transgender rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Ireland" title="Transgender rights in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Transgender rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Bill,_2017" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2017">2017 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2018" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018">2018 Act</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteration_of_Sex_Description_and_Sex_Status_Act,_2003" title="Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act, 2003">2003 Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ley_Trans" title="Ley Trans">2022 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">2004 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_under_Title_IX" title="Gender identity under Title IX">title IX</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comprehensive_Law_for_Trans_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comprehensive Law for Trans People (page does not exist)">2018 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Integral_para_Personas_Trans" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Integral para Personas Trans">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political<br /> office-holders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics" title="Category:Transgender topics">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_Transgender.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/16px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/24px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/32px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transgender" title="Portal:Transgender">Transgender portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&oldid=1258965126">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender_history_in_Brazil&oldid=1258965126</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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