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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pearl Roundabout</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlenplatz" title="Perlenplatz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perlenplatz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_de_la_Perla" title="Plaza de la Perla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plaza de la Perla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placo_Perlo" title="Placo Perlo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Placo Perlo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4" title="میدان لؤلؤ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میدان لؤلؤ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_de_la_Perle_(Manama)" title="Place de la Perle (Manama) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Place de la Perle (Manama)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praza_da_Perla" title="Praza da Perla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Praza da Perla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li 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Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parelplein" title="Parelplein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parelplein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%8F%A0%E5%BA%83%E5%A0%B4" title="真珠広場 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="真珠広場" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_da_P%C3%A9rola" title="Praça da Pérola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Praça da Pérola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pearl_Roundabout&params=26_13_49_N_50_33_41_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°13′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">50°33′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.23028°N 50.56139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.23028; 50.56139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Circular traffic intersection in Manama, Bahrain; destroyed during the 2011 uprising</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg/220px-Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg/330px-Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg/440px-Protesters_camped_out_infront_of_the_Pearl_Roundabout_in_Bahrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Protesters camped out in front of the Pearl Roundabout days before it was torn down</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Gulf Cooperation Council</b> or <b>GCC Roundabout</b>, known as <b>Pearl Roundabout</b> or <b>Lulu Roundabout</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دوار اللؤلؤ(ة)</span></span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Dawwār al-luʾluʾ(ah)</i></span></i>, "Roundabout of the pearl(s)"), was a <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">roundabout</a> located near the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">financial district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manama,_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Manama, Bahrain">Manama, Bahrain</a>. The roundabout was named after the <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearl</a> monument that previously stood on the site and was destroyed on 18 March 2011 by government forces as part of a crackdown on protesters during the <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_uprising_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini uprising of 2011">Bahraini uprising of 2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yalibnan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yalibnan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roundabout itself was replaced on its site by the Al Farooq Junction in 2017 in a traffic reconfiguration. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The roundabout was located in the heart of the capital Manama and was surrounded by the Bahrain Central Market, Marina, Pearl and City Center Roundabout<sup id="cite_ref-Al_Wasat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al_Wasat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well the <a href="/wiki/Abraj_Al_Lulu" title="Abraj Al Lulu">Abraj Al Lulu</a> (Pearl Towers) apartment complex, which is named after the Pearl Monument. Also near the destroyed roundabout are some of the city's major remaining landmarks, including the <a href="/wiki/Bahrain_World_Trade_Center" title="Bahrain World Trade Center">Bahrain World Trade Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Financial_Harbour" title="Bahrain Financial Harbour">Bahrain Financial Harbour</a>. </p><p>The roundabout served originally as a major traffic intersection for routes into the capital city, although it is now bypassed by a flyover and junction complex built as part of <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>'s 2030 modernization plan.<sup id="cite_ref-yalibnan_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yalibnan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pearl Monument previously stood in the center of the circle,<sup id="cite_ref-yalibnan_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yalibnan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having been erected in 1982 on the occasion of the third summit of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>, which was hosted by Bahrain for the first time in Manama on 9–11 November of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Al_Wasat_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al_Wasat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols_and_representation">Symbols and representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbols and representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pearl Monument consisted of six <a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">dhow</a> "sails" projecting up to the sky, which came together to hold a <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearl</a> at the top. The six sails designated the Gulf Cooperation Council's six member nations, while the pearl symbolized their united heritage and the country's famous history of pearl cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the base of the monument was a <a href="/wiki/Dodecagon" title="Dodecagon">dodecagonal</a> pool with <a href="/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain">fountain</a> jets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Pearl Monument was featured on the face of the Bahraini half-<a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">dinar</a> coin, the highest value coin in Bahraini currency.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bahrain" title="Central Bank of Bahrain">Central Bank of Bahrain</a> reportedly asked banks to exchange their half-dinar coins for half-dinar banknotes after the Pearl Monument was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coin is no longer minted or distributed by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bahrain" title="Central Bank of Bahrain">Central Bank of Bahrain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demolition">Demolition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg/200px-Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg/300px-Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg/400px-Pearl_Monument_Leveled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>On the morning of 18 March 2011, the government tore down the Pearl Monument, the rallying point for anti-government protests.</figcaption></figure> <p>Barely thirty years later, on the morning of 18 March 2011, the government tore down the Pearl Monument,<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> announcing on state broadcaster BTV that the monument had been "violated" and "desecrated" by the "vile" anti-government protests, and had to be "cleansed".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the government's haste, a migrant crane worker was crushed to death by a falling cement arch.<sup id="cite_ref-AsiaTimesOnline_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsiaTimesOnline-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per the credited filmmaker of <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">undercover</a> documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Bahrain:_Shouting_in_the_Dark" title="Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark">Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark</a></i> May Ying Welsh, the moment of demolition was censored on state television in order to hide the man's death.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahraini_uprising_(2011–2014)"><span id="Bahraini_uprising_.282011.E2.80.932014.29"></span>Bahraini uprising (2011–2014)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bahraini uprising (2011–2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg/220px-Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg/330px-Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg/440px-Army_checkpoints_surround_the_area_were_Pearl_Roundabout_was_located.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Army checkpoints still surround the area where Pearl Roundabout was located</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_protests_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini protests of 2011">Bahraini protests of 2011</a></div> <p>The Pearl Roundabout was the site of demonstrations during 2011, which began in February.<sup id="cite_ref-yalibnan_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yalibnan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-channel4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channel4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been compared by the protesters to Cairo's <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_Square" title="Tahrir Square">Tahrir Square</a>, the main site of demonstrations during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-channel4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channel4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 February 2011, after the funeral procession of <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Abdulhadi_Mushaima" title="Death of Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima">Ali Mushaima</a>, shot and killed by riot police during the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Rage_(Bahrain)" title="Day of Rage (Bahrain)">Day of Rage</a>, more people joined the demonstrators and moved towards the Pearl Roundabout, where they arrived at around 15:00. By 15:15, demonstrators began to set up tents there, and later in the day a projector screen was installed. There was also a tent erected by members of the <a href="/wiki/Salmaniya_Medical_Complex" title="Salmaniya Medical Complex">Salmaniya Medical Complex</a> (SMC) medical staff. Some demonstrators obstructed traffic in the roundabout overpass. By nightfall, the number of demonstrators had reached several thousand. The roundabout and its immediate vicinity were congested with protesters and private vehicles. Police in the area neither engaged the demonstrators nor did they attempt to disperse them. King Hamad had ordered that members of the procession be allowed to occupy the Pearl Roundabout to express their sadness.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 February 2011, while demonstrators were spending the night at the Pearl Roundabout, police forces entered the location at 3:00 in an attempt to disperse the protesters. The crackdown led to many injuries as well as the death of at least four civilians (See <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Thursday_(Bahrain)" title="Bloody Thursday (Bahrain)"> Bloody Thursday</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after the police crackdown on demonstrators, Bahraini police official Al-Hassan appeared on national television to explain the previous night's events. Al-Hassan argued that demonstrators were warned beforehand and that they refused to leave the area. He also added that demonstrators were actually in possession of weapons such as knives and pistols.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Independent_Commission_of_Inquiry" title="Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry">Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry</a>, was established by <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">King Hamad</a> of Bahrain to prepare a report on the events on February and March saw no evidence to suggest that protesters at the roundabout were armed.<sup id="cite_ref-bici_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bici-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 231">: 231 </span></sup> </p><p>Soon after the police crackdown, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrain Defense Force">Bahrain Defense Force</a> tanks occupied Pearl Roundabout to stop demonstrators from occupying the area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some demonstrators who stayed close to Salmaniya Hospital, where injured demonstrators were being assisted, tried to retake Pearl Roundabout and headed towards the rarea. Demonstrators were shot by forces camping at the roundabout.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following these events, the <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Crown Prince of Bahrain, Salman Al Khalifa</a> went on Bahrain state television and demanded calm of all parties.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, he ordered the military tanks to leave the Pearl Monument and protesters were allowed to occupy the area peacefully and were guaranteed by the Crown Prince that they would be able to demonstrate without any further attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 March, however, the protesters' camp in the roundabout was evacuated, bulldozed, and set on fire by the Bahraini Defense Force, riot police, and <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force">Peninsula Shield Force</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two days before the Pearl Monument was demolished. An expatriate crane operator was crushed to death during the demolition by a piece of the monument which fell onto his crane cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Al_Farooq_Junction">Al Farooq Junction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Al Farooq Junction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg/220px-Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg/330px-Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg/440px-Al_Farooq_Junction_under_construction_at_former_site_of_Pearl_Roundabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Al Farooq Junction under construction in late March 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>After demolishing the Pearl Monument, the government announced that the roundabout would be replaced with traffic lights, possibly to ease congestion in the financial district.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government changed the name of the site to Al Farooq Junction, a reference to <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a>, a historical figure revered by Sunni Muslims as the second Caliph, but hated by Shi'a, who believe him to be the killer of Muhammad's daughter and Ali's wife Fatima.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of Al Farooq was given to the junction as well as the military operation by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalifa_Bin_Ahmed_Al_Khalifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalifa Bin Ahmed Al Khalifa (page does not exist)">Khalifa Bin Ahmed Al Khalifa</a>, the head of security forces and a member of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 February 2015, the public was restricted from accessing Al Farooq Junction. The area was sealed off by security forces since protesters were cleared from the Pearl Roundabout on 16 March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 June 2017, the junction was opened to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Roundabout" class="extiw" title="commons:Pearl Roundabout"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pearl Roundabout</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Roundabout&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yalibnan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yalibnan_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yalibnan_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yalibnan_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yalibnan_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/02/15/second-man-dies-in-bahrain-skirmishes/">"Second Man Dies in Bahrain Skirmishes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ya_Libnan" title="Ya Libnan">Ya Libnan</a></i>. 2011-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ya+Libnan&rft.atitle=Second+Man+Dies+in+Bahrain+Skirmishes&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalibnan.com%2F2011%2F02%2F15%2Fsecond-man-dies-in-bahrain-skirmishes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Wasat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Wasat_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al_Wasat_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alwasatnews.com/3116/news/read/532856/1.html">"السلطات البحرينية تزيل نصب دوار اللؤلؤة الذي شهد اعتصاماً تاريخياً"</a>, <i>News</i>, Al Wasat</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84+%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8+%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alwasatnews.com%2F3116%2Fnews%2Fread%2F532856%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/bahrain-tears-down-statue-at-focus-of-anti-monarchy-protests-1.350056">"Bahrain tears down statue at focus of anti-monarchy protests"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Bahrain+tears+down+statue+at+focus+of+anti-monarchy+protests&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fbahrain-tears-down-statue-at-focus-of-anti-monarchy-protests-1.350056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/timeline-of-the-gcc-summit-1.723199">Timeline of the GCC Summit</a>, gulfnews.com, Dec. 10, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahrainembassy.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=document.home&id=75">Bahrain: Two Million Tourists Can't Be Wrong</a> April 17, 2007, Bahrain Embassy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2011" class="citation news cs1">Farmer, Ben (2011-03-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/bahrain/8390773/Bahrain-authorities-destroy-Pearl-Roundabout.html">"Bahrain authorities destroy Pearl Roundabout"</a>. London: The Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bahrain+authorities+destroy+Pearl+Roundabout&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fbahrain%2F8390773%2FBahrain-authorities-destroy-Pearl-Roundabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbb.gov.bh/page.php?p=current_coins_500fils">"Current Coins: 500 fils"</a>. Central Bank of Bahrain.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Coins%3A+500+fils&rft.pub=Central+Bank+of+Bahrain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbb.gov.bh%2Fpage.php%3Fp%3Dcurrent_coins_500fils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alwasatnews.com/3123/news/read/534225/1.html"><bdi lang="ar">المصرف المركزي" يسحب الـ 500 فلس المعدنية"</bdi></a> [Central Bank pulls 500 fils coins]. <i><a href="/wiki/Alwasat_(Bahraini_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alwasat (Bahraini newspaper)">Alwasat</a></i> (in Arabic). Manama. 2011-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights+and+Labor&rft.atitle=Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices+for+2011%3A+Bahrain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F186633.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsiaTimesOnline-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AsiaTimesOnline_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110410113936/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/MD07Ak01.html">"Dangerous change rattles Bahrain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Times Online">Asia Times Online</a>. Archived from the original on 2011-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dangerous+change+rattles+Bahrain&rft.pub=Asia+Times+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FMD07Ak01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYing_Welsh2012" class="citation interview cs1">Ying Welsh, May (2012-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracynow.org/2012/4/6/shouting_in_the_dark_film_chronicles">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Shouting in the Dark": Film Chronicles Bahrain's Pro-Democracy Uprising Against U.S.-Backed Rule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(journalist)" title="Juan González (journalist)">Juan Gonzalez</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=%22Shouting+in+the+Dark%22%3A+Film+Chronicles+Bahrain%27s+Pro-Democracy+Uprising+Against+U.S.-Backed+Rule&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft.aulast=Ying+Welsh&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocracynow.org%2F2012%2F4%2F6%2Fshouting_in_the_dark_film_chronicles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> feature documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Bahrain:_Shouting_in_the_Dark" title="Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark">Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlackman2011" class="citation news cs1">Slackman, Michael (2011-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/world/middleeast/16bahrain.html?partner=rss&emc=rss">"Unrest Grows in Bahrain as Police Kill a 2nd Protester"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Alwasatnews.com. 2011-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84+%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8+%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B+%26%23124%3B+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+-+%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+-+%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.pub=Alwasatnews.com&rft.date=2011-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alwasatnews.com%2F3116%2Fnews%2Fread%2F532856%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2011" class="citation news cs1">Hammond, Andrew (2011-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bahrain-law-idUSTRE7507TB20110601">"Bahrain lifts emergency law, military trials press on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Bahrain+lifts+emergency+law%2C+military+trials+press+on&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-bahrain-law-idUSTRE7507TB20110601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.b4bh.com/vb/t209111.html">http://www.b4bh.com/vb/t209111.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_A'Ali2012" class="citation news cs1">Al A'Ali, Mohammed (2012-03-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=325547">"FACELIFT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Daily_News" title="Gulf Daily News">Gulf Daily News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Daily+News&rft.atitle=FACELIFT&rft.date=2012-03-11&rft.aulast=Al+A%27Ali&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulf-daily-news.com%2FNewsDetails.aspx%3Fstoryid%3D325547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/34414.html">"Al Farooq Junction set to open today | THE DAILY TRIBUNE | KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN"</a>. <i>DT News</i>. 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DT+News&rft.atitle=Al+Farooq+Junction+set+to+open+today+%7C+THE+DAILY+TRIBUNE+%7C+KINGDOM+OF+BAHRAIN&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsofbahrain.com%2Fbahrain%2F34414.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Roundabout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2011_Bahraini_uprising566" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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2011"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bahraini_uprising_of_2011" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bahraini uprising of 2011"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011_Bahraini_uprising566" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="Timeline of the 2011 Bahraini uprising">Feb–Mar 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(April%E2%80%93June_2011)" title="Aftermath of the Bahraini uprising (April–June 2011)">Apr–Jun 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(July%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Aftermath of the Bahraini uprising (July–December 2011)">Jul–Dec 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(January%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Aftermath of the Bahraini uprising (January–August 2012)">Jan–Aug 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Aftermath of the Bahraini uprising (September–December 2012)">Sept–Dec 2012</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg/130px-Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg/195px-Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg/260px-Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Bahrainis_taking_part_in_march_of_loyalty_to_martyrs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Rage_(Bahrain)" title="Day of Rage (Bahrain)">Day of Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Bloody_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrain Bloody Thursday">Bloody Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_loyalty_to_martyrs" title="March of loyalty to martyrs">March of loyalty to martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_national_dialogue" title="Bahrain national dialogue">Bahrain national dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_health_worker_trials" title="Bahrain health worker trials">Health worker trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Bahrain_Grand_Prix" title="2012 Bahrain Grand Prix">2012 Grand Prix</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_Bahrain_Grand_Prix_protests" title="2012 Bahrain Grand Prix protests">protests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Eker_bombing" title="2012 Eker bombing">2012 Eker bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eker" title="Siege of Eker">Siege of Eker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Ali_Hasan" title="Arrest of Ali Hasan">Arrest of Ali Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Tamarod" title="Bahrain Tamarod">Bahrain Tamarod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_opposition" title="Bahraini opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Islamist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Freedom_Movement" title="Bahrain Freedom Movement">Bahrain Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Action_Society" title="Islamic Action Society">Islamic Action Society</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Secular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haq_Movement" title="Haq Movement">Haq Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Action_Society" title="National Democratic Action Society">National Democratic Action Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Rally_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Democratic Rally Society">Nationalist Democratic Rally Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Tribune" title="Progressive Democratic Tribune">Progressive Democratic Tribune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Youth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_14_Youth_Coalition" title="February 14 Youth Coalition">February 14 Youth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabeeba_Society_of_Bahrain" title="Shabeeba Society of Bahrain">Shabeeba Society of Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_of_2011" title="Category:People of the Bahraini uprising of 2011">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulhadi_al-Khawaja" title="Abdulhadi al-Khawaja">Abdulhadi al-Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdulemam" title="Ali Abdulemam">Ali Abdulemam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ghanmi" title="Ali al-Ghanmi">Ali al-Ghanmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayat_Al-Qurmezi" title="Ayat Al-Qurmezi">Ayat Al-Qurmezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadhila_Mubarak" title="Fadhila Mubarak">Fadhila Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Jawad" title="Hussain Jawad">Hussain Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamees_Dhaif" title="Lamees Dhaif">Lamees Dhaif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_al-Khawaja" title="Maryam al-Khawaja">Maryam al-Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Albuflasa" title="Mohamed Albuflasa">Mohamed Albuflasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Maskati" title="Mohammed al-Maskati">Mohammed al-Maskati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Tajer" title="Mohammed al-Tajer">Mohammed al-Tajer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Al-Yousif" title="Mahmood Al-Yousif">Mahmood Al-Yousif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Raas" title="Naser al-Raas">Naser al-Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naji_Fateel" title="Naji Fateel">Naji Fateel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabeel_Rajab" title="Nabeel Rajab">Nabeel Rajab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_al-Khawaja" title="Zainab al-Khawaja">Zainab al-Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Thirteen" title="Bahrain Thirteen">Bahrain Thirteen</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulwahab_Hussain" title="Abdulwahab Hussain">Abdulwahab Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salman" title="Ali Salman">Ali Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Mushaima" title="Hasan Mushaima">Hasan Mushaima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munira_Fakhro" title="Munira Fakhro">Munira Fakhro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sharif" title="Ibrahim Sharif">Ibrahim Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_al-Shehabi" title="Saeed al-Shehabi">Saeed al-Shehabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Qassim" title="Isa Qassim">Sheikh Isa Qassim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Thirteen" title="Bahrain Thirteen">Bahrain Thirteen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a> (King)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa">Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa</a> (Prime Minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa</a> (Crown Prince)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Ahmed_Al_Khalifa" title="Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa">Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa</a> (Foreign minister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="International reactions to the 2011 Bahraini uprising">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="Torture during the 2011 Bahraini uprising">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Shia_mosques_during_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="Destruction of Shia mosques during the 2011 Bahraini uprising">Destruction of Shia mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahrain_Grand_Prix" title="2011 Bahrain Grand Prix">2011 Bahrain Grand Prix</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Casualties62" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_2011%E2%80%932012_Bahraini_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualties of the 2011–2012 Bahraini uprising">Casualties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Abdulhadi_Mushaima" title="Death of Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima">Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Fadhel_Al-Matrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Fadhel Al-Matrook">Fadhel Al-Matrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdulredha_Buhmaid" title="Death of Abdulredha Buhmaid">Abdulredha Buhmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariya_Rashid_Hassan_al-Ashiri" title="Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri">Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_Fakhrawi" title="Karim Fakhrawi">Karim Fakhrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Jawad_al-Sheikh" title="Death of Ali Jawad al-Sheikh">Ali Jawad al-Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ahmed_Jaber_al-Qattan" title="Death of Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan">Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Mushaima" title="Mohammed Mushaima">Mohammed Mushaima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_reports_on_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="Human rights reports on the 2011 Bahraini uprising">Human Rights<br />reports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Independent_Commission_of_Inquiry" title="Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry">Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry</a></i> (International figures appointed by King)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Price_of_Freedom_and_Justice" title="Human Price of Freedom and Justice">Human Price of Freedom and Justice</a></i> (Local NGOs)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="Background of the 2011 Bahraini uprising">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_uprising_in_Bahrain" title="1990s uprising in Bahrain">1990s uprising in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bandar_report" title="Al Bandar report">Al Bandar report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bahrain" title="Corruption in Bahrain">Corruption in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain" title="History of Bahrain">History of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Human rights in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manama_incident" title="Manama incident">Manama incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Bahrain" title="Torture in Bahrain">Torture in Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qorvis" title="Qorvis">Qorvis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahrain_American_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahrain American Council (page does not exist)">Bahrain American Council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pearl Roundabout</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahrain:_Shouting_in_the_Dark" title="Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark">Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bahraini_uprising_of_2011" title="Category:Bahraini uprising of 2011">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2011_Bahraini_protests" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2011 Bahraini protests">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_Spring415" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_Spring" title="Template talk:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Spring415" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>"<i><a href="/wiki/Ash-shab_yurid_isqat_an-nizam" title="Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam">Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam</a></i>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Events by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932012_Algerian_protests" title="2010–2012 Algerian protests">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Djiboutian_protests" title="2011 Djiboutian protests">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Iraqi_protests" title="2011 Iraqi protests">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_protests_(2011%E2%80%9312)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian protests (2011–12)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_protests_(2011%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaiti protests (2011–2013)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Lebanese_protests" title="2011 Lebanese protests">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Mauritanian_protests" title="2011–2012 Mauritanian protests">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Moroccan_protests" title="2011–2012 Moroccan protests">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Omani_protests" title="2011 Omani protests">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Palestinian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Palestinian protests">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Sudanese_protests" title="2011–2013 Sudanese protests">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests" title="2011 Western Saharan protests">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14_Youth_Coalition" title="February 14 Youth Coalition">February 14 Youth Coalition</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/April_6_Youth_Movement" title="April 6 Youth Movement">April 6 Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefaya" title="Kefaya">Kefaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Change" title="National Association for Change">National Association for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Egypt)" title="National Salvation Front (Egypt)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialists_(Egypt)" title="Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)">Revolutionary Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayfeencom" title="Shayfeencom">Shayfeencom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras_Ahlawy" title="Ultras Ahlawy">Ultras Ahlawy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)" title="National Liberation Army (Libya)">National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/February_25th_Movement" title="February 25th Movement">February 25th Movement</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Women_to_drive_movement" title="Women to drive movement">Women to drive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Defense_of_Human_Rights_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in the Arabian Peninsula">CDHRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Development_and_Change" title="Society for Development and Change">Society for Development and Change</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Regional Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">National Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_rebel_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign fighters</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Democratic Rally">Constitutional Democratic Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Tunisia)" title="Popular Front (Tunisia)">Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_General_Labour_Union" title="Tunisian General Labour Union">Tunisian General Labour Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Yemeni_Tribes" title="Alliance of Yemeni Tribes">Alliance of Yemeni Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashid" title="Hashid">Hashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthis" title="Houthis">Houthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_People%27s_Congress_(Yemen)" title="General People's Congress (Yemen)">General People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yemen Movement">Hiraak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Arab_Spring" title="Women in the Arab Spring">Women in the Arab Spring</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Algeria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ouyahia" title="Ahmed Ouyahia">Ahmed Ouyahia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Mushaima" title="Hasan Mushaima">Hasan Mushaima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salman" title="Ali Salman">Ali Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Jawad_al-Sheikh" title="Death of Ali Jawad al-Sheikh">Ali Jawad al-Sheikh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Tantawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hussein Tantawy">Mohamed Hussein Tantawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Ghonim" title="Wael Ghonim">Wael Ghonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Kamal Ganzouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Khaled_Mohamed_Saeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed">Khaled Mohamed Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_Sharaf" title="Essam Sharaf">Essam Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Hesham Qandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassem_Youssef_(television_host)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassem Youssef (television host)">Bassem Youssef</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jordan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marouf_al-Bakhit" title="Marouf al-Bakhit">Marouf al-Bakhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Rifai" title="Samir Rifai">Samir Rifai</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Abdul-Jelil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Abdul-Jelil">Mustafa Abdul-Jelil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gebril" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Gebril">Mahmud Gebril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nabbous" title="Mohammed Nabbous">Mohammed Nabbous</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulaye_Ould_Mohamed_Laghdaf" title="Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf">Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Morocco:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_El_Fassi" title="Abbas El Fassi">Abbas El Fassi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_al-Johani" title="Khaled al-Johani">Khaled al-Johani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manal_al-Sharif" title="Manal al-Sharif">Manal al-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Nimr al-Nimr">Nimr al-Nimr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Sudan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_Safar" title="Adel Safar">Adel Safar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad_Farid_Hijab" title="Riyad Farid Hijab">Riyad Farid Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ghannouchi" title="Mohamed Ghannouchi">Mohamed Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Marzouki" title="Moncef Marzouki">Moncef Marzouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Ghannushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid al-Ghannushi">Rashid al-Ghannushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Mebazaa" title="Fouad Mebazaa">Fouad Mebazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi" title="Beji Caid Essebsi">Beji Caid Essebsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadi_Jebali" title="Hamadi Jebali">Hamadi Jebali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi" title="Mohamed Bouazizi">Mohamed Bouazizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_Belaid" title="Chokri Belaid">Chokri Belaid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>United Arab Emirates:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Five" title="UAE Five">UAE Five</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_al-Zindani" title="Abdul Majeed al-Zindani">Abdul Majeed al-Zindani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohsen_al-Ahmar" title="Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar">Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_al-Ahmar" title="Sadiq al-Ahmar">Sadiq al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi" title="Abdul-Malik al-Houthi">Abdul-Malik al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_al-Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Ali al-Houthi">Mohammed Ali al-Houthi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Role of the Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Arab_Spring" title="Internet censorship in the Arab Spring">Internet censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media%27s_role_in_the_Arab_Spring" title="Social media's role in the Arab Spring">Online social media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Impact of the Arab Spring">Impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Albanian_opposition_demonstrations" title="2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Armenian_protests" title="2011 Armenian protests">Armenia</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2011 Azerbaijani protests">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Baku_protests" title="2013 Baku protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Belarusian_protests" title="2011 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Burkinab%C3%A8_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Burkinabè protests">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Chinese_pro-democracy_protests" title="2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9312_Greek_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–12 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" title="2011 Indian anti-corruption movement">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Indian anti-corruption movement">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Iranian_protests" title="2011–2012 Iranian protests">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kurdish_protests_in_Iraq" title="2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Israeli_social_justice_protests" title="2011 Israeli social justice protests">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Maldives_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Maldives political crisis">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Mali</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Peace_with_Justice_and_Dignity" title="Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_Soy_132" title="Yo Soy 132">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Portugal" title="Anti-austerity movement in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Spanish_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Spanish protests">Spain</a></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="2011–2012 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_anti-austerity_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan civil war (2011–present)">Libyan civil war (2011–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">UN Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_65/265" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/265">65/265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2009" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2014" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2016" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Arab_Spring" title="International reactions to the Arab Spring">International reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Libyan civil war">civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the death of Muammar Gaddafi">death of Muammar Gaddafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Tunisian_revolution" title="International reactions to the Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="International reactions to the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Domestic reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War">domestic responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Timeline of the Arab Spring">Timelines</a> by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011%E2%80%9313_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2011–13 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="Timeline of the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni crisis (2011–present)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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