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id="toc-Timeline_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Central Command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>National Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Congresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Congresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>National Congresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Congresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<span>Jordan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Mauritania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="حزب البعث (الفصيل السوري) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب البعث (الفصيل السوري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B1%CE%B8_(%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B7)" title="Κόμμα Μπάαθ (Συριακή κυρίαρχη παράταξη) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Μπάαθ (Συριακή κυρίαρχη παράταξη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Baaz_%C3%81rabe_Socialista_en_Siria" title="Partido Baaz Árabe Socialista en Siria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Baaz Árabe Socialista en Siria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87)" title="حزب بعث (جناح تحت رهبری سوریه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب بعث (جناح تحت رهبری سوریه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Baas_(faction_domin%C3%A9e_par_les_Syriens)" title="Parti Baas (faction dominée par les Syriens) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti Baas (faction dominée par les Syriens)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Ba%27ath_(faksi_dominasi_Suriah)" title="Partai Ba'ath (faksi dominasi Suriah) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Ba'ath (faksi dominasi Suriah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_soci%C4%81listisk%C4%81s_atdzim%C5%A1anas_partija_(S%C4%ABrijas_frakcija)" title="Arābu sociālistiskās atdzimšanas partija (Sīrijas frakcija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arābu sociālistiskās atdzimšanas partija (Sīrijas frakcija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ബഅ്‌സ്‌ പാർട്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഅ്‌സ്‌ പാർട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27ath-partij_(Syrisch-geleide_factie)" title="Ba'ath-partij (Syrisch-geleide factie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ba'ath-partij (Syrisch-geleide factie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27ath_Pairty_(Sirie-dominatit_faction)" title="Ba'ath Pairty (Sirie-dominatit faction) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ba'ath Pairty (Sirie-dominatit faction)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baas_Partisi_(Suriye_a%C4%9F%C4%B1rl%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_hizip)" title="Baas Partisi (Suriye ağırlıklı hizip) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baas Partisi (Suriye ağırlıklı hizip)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8E%E6%B4%BE)" title="阿拉伯復興社會黨 (敘利亞主導派) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉伯復興社會黨 (敘利亞主導派)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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For the branch that controlled Syria, see <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #017B48; border-bottom:2px solid #017B48; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي</span>‎</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg/160px-Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg/240px-Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg/320px-Syrian_Baath_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Central Command</a> (2018–2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> (last)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Assistant General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hadid" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid">Ibrahim al-Hadid</a> (last)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ags1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ags1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">25 February 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Syrian main branch: 11 December 2024<br />(other branches still active)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a> (unitary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Syria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966–2024)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Ba'ath Message</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ba%27athism" title="Neo-Ba'athism">Neo-Ba'athism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism#Assadism" title="Ba'athism">Assadism</a> (from 1971)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Syria#In_pan-Syrian_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Syria">Syrian irredentism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a><br /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Historical:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a> (1966–1970)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian branch of the Party</a> (until 1970)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-Far-left_political_position_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Far-left_political_position-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <br /> Black, red, white and green (<a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">pan-Arab colors</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">"<a href="/wiki/Unity,_Freedom,_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity, Freedom, Socialism">Unity, Freedom, Socialism</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī</i></span>; <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ba‘th</i></span> meaning "resurrection"), also referred to as the <b>pro-Syrian Ba'ath movement</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Ba%27athism" title="Neo-Ba'athism">neo-Ba'athist</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> with branches across the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. From 1970 until 2000, the party was led by the Syrian president and Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>. Until 26 October 2018, leadership was shared between his son <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> (head of the Syrian regional organization) and <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a> (head of the pan-Arab national organization). </p><p>In 2018, after the reunification of the National and Regional Command, Bashar al-Assad became the Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Central Command</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian Regional Branch</a> of the party was the largest organisation within the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party; it ruled Syria from the <a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">fall of the Assad regime</a> in 2024. The Syrian Regional Branch's activities were indefinitely suspended on 11 December 2024 and its assets transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">transitional government</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> dissolving the branch.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other branches of the Syrian-dominated Ba'ath faction continued to operate, with the Palestinian branch <a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">As-Sa'iqa</a> even resuming its activities inside Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-Palestinian_factions_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_factions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-actionpal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-actionpal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ba%27athism" title="Category:Ba'athism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom: 0; font-size: 175%;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Ba'ath Party"><img alt="Flag of the Ba'ath Party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ba%27athist_movements#Major_groups" title="List of Ba'athist movements">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1940–1947</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1940–1947</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1947–1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Baath Party (pro-Iraqi)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1968–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baath Party (pro-Syrian)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1966–2024</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ba%27athism" title="Neo-Ba'athism">Neo-Ba'athism</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1966–2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saddamism" title="Saddamism">Saddamism</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1979–2003</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahib_al-Ghanim" title="Wahib al-Ghanim">Wahib al-Ghanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="History of the Ba'ath Party">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Abdul-Karim_Qasim" title="Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim">Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">UN sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">De-Ba'athification</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Committee_to_Help_Iraq" title="Syrian Committee to Help Iraq">Syrian Committee to Help Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963</a> / <a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup d'états</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_invasion_of_Jordan" title="Syrian invasion of Jordan">Syrian invasion of Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_intervention_in_the_Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War">Intervention in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ba%27athist_movements#Regional_branches" title="List of Ba'athist movements">Regional organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;text-align:center;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Algeria</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_of_Algeria" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Algeria">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Bahrain</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Assembly" title="Nationalist Democratic Assembly">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Bahrain">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Egypt</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Egypt_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Egypt">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Iraq</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Iraq">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Jordan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Progressive_Party" title="Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Kuwait</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)#Kuwait" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">pro-Iraq</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Lebanon</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Arab_Lebanon_Vanguard_Party" title="Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Libya</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">pro-Iraq</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Mauritania</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_Party" title="National Vanguard Party">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Socialist Democratic Unionist Party">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Palestine</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Sudan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Region_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Organization_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Syria</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)#Syria" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Tunisia</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Tunisian Ba'ath Movement">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Tunisia">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Yemen</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">pro-Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">pro-Syria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ba%27athist_movements#Splinter-groups" title="List of Ba'athist movements">Splinter groups</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Revolutionary_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1960–1962/63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Lebanon" title="Socialist Lebanon">Socialist Lebanon</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1965–1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolutionary_Workers_Party" title="Arab Revolutionary Workers Party">Arab Revolutionary Workers Party</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1966–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Arab_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party">Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1970–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Sudanese Ba'ath Party">Sudanese Ba'ath Party</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2002–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Armed groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a 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class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ba%27athism_sidebar" title="Template:Ba'athism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ba%27athism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ba'athism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ba%27athism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ba'athism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Secretary">General Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hafez al-Assad became the Secretary of the Syrian Regional Command of the party in 1970 and Secretary General of the National Command in late 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he died in the year 2000, Hafez al-Assad continued to be named as the official Secretary General of the National Command. Bashar al-Assad became the Regional Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">party in Syria</a> after his father's death in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-ai_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lead_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lead-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> was elected the Secretary General of the National Council.<sup id="cite_ref-con1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-con1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th colspan="3">Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nureddin_Atassi_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/60px-Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/90px-Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/120px-Nureddin_Atassi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="295" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نور الدين الأتاسي‎</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1929–1992)</span> </td> <td>March 1966 </td> <td>18 November 1970 </td> <td>4 years, 8 months </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/60px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/120px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حافظ الأسد‎</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1930–2000)</span> </td> <td>12 September 1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Hafez_al-Assad" title="Death and state funeral of Hafez al-Assad">10 June 2000</a> † </td> <td>28 years, 272 days </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F5F5DC"> <th>— </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/60px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/90px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/120px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="339" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عبدالله الأحمر</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1936)<br />(<i><b>ad interim</b></i>)</span> </td> <td>10 June 2000 </td> <td>14 May 2017 </td> <td>16 years, 338 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png/60px-Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png/90px-Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png/120px-Bashar_al-Assad_in_May_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="649" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بشار الأسد</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1965)</span> </td> <td>18 May 2017 </td> <td>8 December 2024 </td> <td>7 years, 204 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Timeline">Timeline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_cgrbfguix1fkdam1nf5nr2xeebd082e"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bashar_al%2DAssad" coords="739,38,868,60" title="Bashar al-Assad" alt="Bashar al-Assad" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Abdullah_al%2DAhmar" coords="647,26,788,48" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar" alt="Abdullah al-Ahmar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hafez_al%2DAssad" coords="441,14,563,36" title="Hafez al-Assad" alt="Hafez al-Assad" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nureddin_al%2DAtassi" coords="81,2,228,24" title="Nureddin al-Atassi" alt="Nureddin al-Atassi" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_cgrbfguix1fkdam1nf5nr2xeebd082e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/cgrbfguix1fkdam1nf5nr2xeebd082e.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assistant_General_Secretary">Assistant General Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assistant General Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdullah al-Ahmar served as the Assistant Secretary General of the National Command, a post he has held since 1971 until 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-lead_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lead-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-o1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 26 October 2018 and 8 May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Hilal_Hilal" title="Hilal Hilal">Hilal Hilal</a> was an Assistant Secretary General of the Central Command. On 8 May 2024, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hadid" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid">Ibrahim al-Hadid</a> was elected as the new Assistant Secretary of the Central Command.<sup id="cite_ref-Ags1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ags1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th colspan="3">Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/60px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg/120px-Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حافظ الأسد‎</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1930–2000)</span> </td> <td>18 November 1970 </td> <td>17 November 1971 </td> <td>364 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/60px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/90px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png/120px-Abdullah_al-Ahmar_Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="339" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عبدالله الأحمر</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1936)</span> </td> <td>17 November 1971 </td> <td>26 October 2018 </td> <td>46 years, 343 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hilal_Hilal" title="Hilal Hilal">Hilal Hilal</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هلال هلال‎</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1966)</span> </td> <td>26 October 2018 </td> <td>8 May 2024 </td> <td>5 years, 195 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <th style="background:#017B48"> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hadid" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid">Ibrahim al-Hadid</a><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ابراهیم الحديد</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1956)</span> </td> <td>8 May 2024 </td> <td>11 December 2024 </td> <td>217 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Timeline_2">Timeline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_8qa7l1avjkrgzwf9inc7ylqkk3spxe0"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al%2DHadid" coords="739,38,874,60" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid" alt="Ibrahim al-Hadid" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hilal_Hilal" coords="731,26,835,48" title="Hilal Hilal" alt="Hilal Hilal" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Abdullah_al%2DAhmar" coords="657,14,799,36" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar" alt="Abdullah al-Ahmar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hafez_al%2DAssad" coords="34,2,157,24" title="Hafez al-Assad" alt="Hafez al-Assad" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_8qa7l1avjkrgzwf9inc7ylqkk3spxe0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/8qa7l1avjkrgzwf9inc7ylqkk3spxe0.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Command">Central Command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Central Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a>, was established through the merger of the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and the Regional Command of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-con1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-con1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Council">National Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 14th Conference of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 2017, the National Command, the party's leading organ since its inception, was abolished and replaced by the National Council. It was decided that the National Council would be composted of the regional secretaries of the regional branches of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.<sup id="cite_ref-con1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-con1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Congresses">National Congresses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National Congresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: for the 1st–8th National Congresses, see the national congresses held by the unified, pre-1966 <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a>. </p> <ul><li>9th National Congress (25–29 September 1966) <ul><li>9th Extraordinary National Congress (September 1967)</li></ul></li> <li>10th National Party Congress (October 1968) <ul><li>10th Extraordinary National Congress (October–November 1970)</li></ul></li> <li>11th National Congress (August 1971)</li> <li>12th National Congress (July 1975)</li> <li>13th National Congress (27 July – 2 August 1980)</li> <li>14th National Congress (15–21 May 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization">Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1963 National Congress of the Party in Damascus advocated a far-left posture; proclaiming the party as the vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Socialist_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist revolution">socialist revolution</a> and building a socialist society. Key Marxist programmes such as <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">worker's control</a> of <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production#Marxism_and_Marxist_theory_of_class" title="Means of production">economic production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collective_farming" title="Collective farming">collectivizing</a> of agricultural lands were adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party is organized along <a href="/wiki/Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninist">Leninist</a> lines, a policy stemming back to Aflaq and Bitar's leadership before the split.<sup id="cite_ref-f8_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f8-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest organ of the party is the Party Congress. The Congress elects a General Secretary and a National Command. Under the National Command there is a Regional Command for each state in which the party operates. The regions are divided into branches, which are divided into companies. A branch consists of two or more companies. A company comprises three to seven cells.<sup id="cite_ref-orga_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orga-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each cell has between three and seven members.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In theory, the National Command of the party is the embryonic government for the entire Arab nation. The body comprises 21 members, half of whom are Syrian.<sup id="cite_ref-f8_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f8-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, the Syrian Regional Command is the more powerful institution inside the party.<sup id="cite_ref-f8-2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f8-2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Regional Command is the real political leadership in Syria; the power of the National Command has become more symbolic than real. A seat in National Command has become a sinecure, an honorary post given to Syrian politicians as they retire from active political life.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pol2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hafez al-Assad rarely had time to attend National Command meetings. Instead, he appointed Vice President for Party Affairs <a href="/wiki/Zuhair_Masharqa" title="Zuhair Masharqa">Zuhayr Masharqa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abd al-Halim Khaddam</a> to represent him at National Command meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-pol2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In theory, the National Command could conduct proselytism and form new Regional Commands across the Arab world and support weaker Regional Commands, but Syrian policymakers have curtailed that capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anthem">Anthem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic script </th> <th>Arabic transliteration </th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar">يا شباب العرب هيا وانطلق يا موكبي<br /> وارفع الصوت قوياً عاش بعث العـرب<br /> يا شباب العرب هيا وانطلق يا موكبي<br /> وارفع الصوت قوياً عاش بعث العـرب<br /> <br /> نحن فلاح وعامل وشباب لا يلين<br /> نحن جندي مقاتل نحن صوت الكادحين<br /> من جذور الأرض جئنا من صميم الألم<br /> بالضحايا ما بخلنا بالعطاء الأكرم<br /> <br /> يا شباب العرب هيا وانطلق يا موكبي<br /> وارفع الصوت قوياً عاش بعث العـرب<br /> <br /> خندق الثوار واحد أو يقال الظلم زال<br /> صامد يا بعـث صامد أنت في ساح النضال<br /> وحد الأحـرار هيا وحد الشعب العظـيم<br /> وامض يا بعث قوياً للغد الحر الكريم<br /> <br /> يا شباب العرب هيا وانطلق يا موكبي<br /> وارفع الصوت قوياً عاش بعث العـرب</span></span> </p> </div> </td> <td><div class="poem"> <p>ya šabāba-l'arbi hayyā wanṭaliq yā mawkibī<br /> warfa'i-ṣṣawta qawiyān 'aša Ba'athu-l'arabi<br /> ya šabāba-l'arbi hayyā wanṭaliq yā mawkibī<br /> warfa'i-ṣṣawta qawiyān 'aša Ba'athu-l'arabi<br /> <br /> naḥnu fallaḥu wa'āmil washabābu-lla yalīn<br /> naḥnu jundi yun muqātil naḥnu sawtu-lkādaḥin<br /> min juðūri-l'Arḍi ji.nā min samimi-l-alami<br /> bī-ḍḍaḥāyā mā bakhilnā bi-l'aṭā il'akrami<br /> <br /> ya šabāba-l'arbi hayyā wanṭaliq yā mawkibī<br /> warfa'i-ṣṣawta qawiyān 'aša Ba'athu-l'arabi<br /> <br /> khandaqu-ththuwwāri wāḥid .aw yuqāla-ẓẓulmu zāl<br /> ṣāmidun ya Ba'athu ṣāmid .anta fī sāḥi-nniḍāl<br /> waḥidi-l.aḥrara hayyā waḥidi-shsha'aba-l'aẓīm<br /> wāmḍi yā Ba'athu qawiyyān lilġadi-lḥurri-lkarīm<br /> <br /> ya šabāba-l'arbi hayyā wanṭaliq yā mawkibī<br /> warfa'i-ṣṣawta qawiyān 'aša Ba'athu-l'arabi </p> </div> </td> <td><div class="poem"> <p>Arab youth, raise and march to fight your enemies,<br /> Raise your voice: "Long live the Arab Ba'ath!"<br /> Arab youth, raise and march to fight your enemies,<br /> Raise your voice: "Long live the Arab Ba'ath!"<br /> <br /> We are farmers, workers and persistent youth,<br /> We are soldiers, we are the voice of labourers,<br /> We came from roots of this land and pain from hearts,<br /> We weren't <a href="/wiki/Miser" title="Miser">misers</a> in giving sacrifice nobly.<br /> <br /> Arab youth, raise and march to fight your enemies,<br /> Raise your voice: "Long live the Arab Ba'ath!"<br /> <br /> All revolutionaries into the trenches, there's still injustice,<br /> The Ba'ath will never surrender and stop struggling.<br /> Go Ba'ath. Unite all revolutionaries, unite all great people,<br /> Go strong for tomorrow in freedom and dignity.<br /> <br /> Arab youth, raise and march to fight your enemies,<br /> Raise your voice: "Long live the Arab Ba'ath!" </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branches_by_region">Branches by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Branches by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ba%27athist_movements" title="List of Ba'athist movements">List of Ba'athist movements</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baathist_Syrias_goal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baathist_Syrias_goal.png/300px-Baathist_Syrias_goal.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baathist_Syrias_goal.png/450px-Baathist_Syrias_goal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Baathist_Syrias_goal.png/600px-Baathist_Syrias_goal.png 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a>'s hegemonic ambitions between 1958 and 2005.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #efefef">Iraqi branch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regional Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data">Mouteb Shenan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assistant Regional Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data">Mahmud Rashad Al-Shaykh Radhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1966</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The party was sometimes known in Iraq as left-wing Ba'ath or Qutr Al-Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-ra_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-it_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent members of the party in Iraq include Mahmud Rashad Al-Shaykh Radhi, Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi and Dr. Mahmud Shamsa.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party opposed the rule of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was one of the first groups to be targeted by him. The party lost hundreds of its cadres amid repression by his government.<sup id="cite_ref-aws_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aws-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radhi was based in Syria during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party labelled the Saddam government as "<a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ra_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> broke out in 1980, the party took part in the formation of the Iraqi Patriotic and Democratic Front, together with the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Communist_Party" title="Iraqi Communist Party">Iraqi Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a> and the Kurdish Socialist Party. The front vowed to overthrow Saddam.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Syria supported Iran in the Iraq-Iran War.) </p><p>In the 1980s, the party began cooperating with the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Supreme_Council_of_Iraq" title="Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq">Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aws_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aws-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party organized the first general conference of Iraqi opposition groups in Damascus in 1989. It also participated in a conference of Iraqi opposition groups in Beirut in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-it_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, Radhi was staying in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was one of three main groups (along with the Iraqi Communist Party and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa Party</a>) which formed the Coalition of Iraqi National Forces. The Coalition was opposed to Saddam Hussein as well as United States military intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-it-2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, the party publicly denounced U.S. involvement in the organization of Iraqi dissidents in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of Saddam's administration, confusion arose as to whether the <a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">de-Ba'athification</a> law also applied to the party.<sup id="cite_ref-no_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Radhi requested that the party be allowed to function inside Iraq and join the process of reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-ra_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the Iraqi government declared that they viewed Qotr al-Iraq as distinct from Saddam's Ba'ath because Qotr al-Iraq had participated in the opposition conferences during the Saddam years.<sup id="cite_ref-no_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Iraqi regional organization is still based in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 Radhi, based in London, visited Baghdad and met President <a href="/wiki/Fuad_Masum" title="Fuad Masum">Fuad Masum</a> during reconciliation talks.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordan">Jordan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jordan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Progressive_Party" title="Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party">Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party</a></div> <p>The Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party was legally registered for the first time in 1993. The branch is small, and has, according to a <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">leaked diplomatic cable</a>, a "minuscule number of adherents". Despite its small size, the branch is able through its leader, Fuad Dabbour, to get a decent footprint in Jordanian media. Dabbour's fiery statements on foreign policy are frequently quoted by the press.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The party is less known than its pro-Iraqi counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the party branch of the Syrian-dominated Ba'ath Party in Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fuad Dabbour is the branch's Regional Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-baatharab-2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baatharab-2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the party has fewer than 200 members.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Regional Secretaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>Mahmood Ma'ayteh</li> <li>Fuad Dabbour</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region</a></div> <p>The Lebanese branch was established in 1966, the year of the Ba'ath Party split. During the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>, the party had an armed militia called the Assad Battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-f9_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f9-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Kamal Jumblatt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">Progressive Socialist Party</a> in organizing the National Democratic Movement, seeking to abolish the <a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">confessional state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-l1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Democratic Movement was superseded by the National Democratic Front, in which the party participated.<sup id="cite_ref-l2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party organized resistance against Israeli forces in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-l2-2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l2-2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1987, it took part in forming the Unification and Liberation Front.<sup id="cite_ref-l3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009 parliamentary election</a>, the party won two seats as part of the <a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a>. The parliamentarians of the party are <a href="/wiki/Assem_Qanso" title="Assem Qanso">Assem Qanso</a> and Qassem Hashem.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister of Syria</a>, praised the Lebanon Regional Branch leadership, stating that they supported the Syrian leadership and stayed loyal to the Assads despite the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a> and in times of conspiracies and attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2018, party is along the <a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Development_and_Liberation" title="Development and Liberation">Development and Liberation</a> parliamentary bloc. As of 2023, the leader of the party is Ali Hijazi. In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022 parliamentary election</a>, the party won one seat.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritania">Mauritania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mauritania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Socialist Democratic Unionist Party">Socialist Democratic Unionist Party</a></div> <p>A secret Syrian branch was established in Mauritania in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-mauritaniabaath_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mauritaniabaath-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was founded on 20 September 1994 by a mixture of Arab nationalists and members of a secret Ba'ath party association in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. The party won a seat in the 19 November and 3 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Mauritanian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Mauritanian parliamentary election">elections</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Mauritanian_parliamentary_election" title="2013 Mauritanian parliamentary election">2013 election</a>, the party lost its seat. In the most recent <a href="/wiki/2018_Mauritanian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Mauritanian parliamentary election">elections in 2018</a>, the party received only 0.31% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, the party is led by Mahfouz Weld al-Azizi.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party has strongly supported the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Syrian government</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">As-Sa'iqa</a></div> <p>Palestinian Samir al-Attari was a member of the National Command in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-o1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1970, as-Saiqa remained under the control of Jadid.<sup id="cite_ref-f6_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f6-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> in 2011, as-Sa'iqa took up arms in support of the Syrian Ba'athist government, participating in numerous military operations such as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-South_Damascus_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_Damascus-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the Assad regime, as-Saiqa was allowed to resume its political activities by the new Syrian government and reopen its offices in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-Palestinian_factions_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_factions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-actionpal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-actionpal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>As-Sa'iqa Secretary-General</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a> (1971–1979; he was also a member of the National Command)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isam_al-Qadi" title="Isam al-Qadi">Isam al-Qadi</a> (1979–2006)</li> <li>Farhan Abu Al-Hayja (2007–2018)</li> <li>Mohammed Qeis (2018–present)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Regional Secretaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>Farhan Abulhaija (?–?)<sup id="cite_ref-baath-party.org_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baath-party.org-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Organization_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan</a></div> <p>During the 1980s, the party was called Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan (differentiating it from the pro-Iraqi party, called Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Country of Sudan). The party participated in the 1986 election as part of the Progressive National Front.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party held its third regional congress in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> on February 5–6, 2009. The congress elected a 23-member Central Committee, an 11-member Regional Command and a regional secretary (Altijani Mustafa Yassin). The congress stated that the party sought cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress (Sudan)">National Congress Party</a> for the sake of forming a national front.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sud_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sud-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party staunchly opposed independence of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sud_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sud-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported in 2010 that Ahmad Alahmad, the Secretary General of the Arab Socialist Movement, was a member of the Sudanese regional leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Regional Secretaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>Altijani Mustafa Yassin<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria">Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Logo_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption>The logo of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian branch</a> organization</figcaption></figure> <p>The party slogan "<a href="/wiki/Unity,_Freedom,_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity, Freedom, Socialism">Unity, Freedom, Socialism</a>" was enshrined in the Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-pol2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eighth article of the Constitution stipulated that "[t]he leading party in the society and the state is the ... Ba'ath Party. It leads the National Progressive Front seeking to unify the resources of the masses of the people and place them at the service of the goals of the Arab nation".<sup id="cite_ref-ai_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution was adopted in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-f8-3_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f8-3-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per the Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic, it is the Regional Command of the party that nominates the candidate for president of the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-con_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-con-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution does not explicitly say that the president has to be the leader of the party, but the National Progressive Front (NPF) charter states that president of the Syrian Arab Republic and the secretary of the party is also the president of the NPF.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has dominated the Syrian parliament since 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-ai_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party leads the <a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front</a> and in all elections conducted under this constitution has obtained the majority of the 167 parliamentary seats reserved for the Front.<sup id="cite_ref-con_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-con-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2003 parliamentary election, the party secured 135 of the seats.<sup id="cite_ref-ai_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the mid-2000s, the party membership in Syria was estimated at 800,000. Key party organs in Syria are <i>Al-Ba'ath</i> and <i>Al-Thawra</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ai_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the party's focus on intellectuals and affluent elites, it failed to gain support from the economically weaker sections such as the urban workers and rural farmers. As a result, its support base was vastly limited to affluent merchant classes of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawite</a> clans in the North-Western coast.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian Regional Command has 21 members.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1987, the Syrian Regional Command comprised the three vice presidents of the Syrian Arab Republic, the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defense, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, the parliamentary speaker, the Aleppo and <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> party secretaries as well as the heads of the party bureaus for <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, economy and higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seventh Syrian regional party congress was held in January 1980. The congress created a new institution, the Central Committee, to act as an intermediary body between the Regional Command and local branches. The Central Committee had 75 members. The eighth regional congress decided to expand the Central Committee to 95 members. The Central Committee was charged with electing the Regional Command, which previously had been done by the regional congress delegates. The Central Committee represents the regional congress when the congress is not in session.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has 19 branches in Syria: one in each of the thirteen provinces: one in Damascus, one in Aleppo and one at each of the four universities.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, the governor of a province, police chief, mayor and other local dignitaries make up the Branch Command, but the Branch Command Secretary and other executive positions are filled by party whole-timers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what is meant by "whole-timers"? (April 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian regional party congress is held every four years. While it is a strictly orchestrated affair, the regional congress has been a venue for actual debates on current affairs. Criticism against corruption and economic stagnation were expressed at the 1985 regional congress, albeit candidly. This congress was attended by 771 branch delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-f2_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has a parallel structure within the Syrian armed forces. The military and civilian sectors only meet at the regional level, as the military sector is represented in the Regional Command and sends delegates to regional congresses. The military sector is divided into branches, operating at the battalion level. The head of a military party branch is called a <i>tawjihi</i> ("guide").<sup id="cite_ref-f1_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has an Inspection and Control Committee, instituted in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-f2_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Party Security Law was passed in 1979, criminalizing "deviations" inside the party and attacks on the party.<sup id="cite_ref-f2_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has three bureaus for coordinating work in mass organizations: the Popular Organizations Bureau (coordinating the People's Army militia, the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Union" title="Revolutionary Youth Union">Revolutionary Youth Union</a>, Students Union and the <a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Syrian_Women" title="General Union of Syrian Women">General Union of Syrian Women</a>); the Workers Bureau (coordinating the <a href="/wiki/General_Federation_of_Trade_Unions_(Syria)" title="General Federation of Trade Unions (Syria)">General Federation of Trade Unions</a>); and the Peasants Bureau (coordinating the Peasants Federation).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children joined the Vanguards, an organization for grade-school boys and girls. Vanguards attended paramilitary summer camps operated by the armed forces. In the mid-1970s, the party ran a mass campaign for the mobilization of peasants into the Peasants Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-f3_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has its own system of political education, including the Higher Political Institute (a graduate school of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Damascus">University of Damascus</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-f3_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a> resigned as National Command and Central Committee member in mid-2005.<sup id="cite_ref-i1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no formal structure linked to the Damascus-based Ba'ath Party. Most Ba'athists in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> support the Iraqi faction as members of the <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Tunisian Ba'ath Movement">Ba'ath Movement</a> or the more leftist and radical the Party of the Arab and Democratic Vanguard. Only a small number of militants headed by Mohamed Salah Hermassi (a member of the Damascus-based National Command) are historically linked to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vanguard_Party_(Yemen)" title="People's Vanguard Party (Yemen)">People's Vanguard Party (Yemen)</a></div> <p>The <b>People's Vanguard Party</b> was the Ba'ath Party's Branch in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was established in the late 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-nbr_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbr-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Baath Party was divided between Syrian and Iraqi factions, the Yemeni branch overwhelmingly sided with the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party.<sup id="cite_ref-hidi_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hidi-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbr_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbr-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assistant regional secretary of the party in Yemen was Mohammed Al-Zubairy.<sup id="cite_ref-protest_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-protest-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party ran in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Yemeni_parliamentary_election" title="1993 Yemeni parliamentary election">1993 parliamentary election</a>, winning seven seats. In the <a href="/wiki/1997_Yemeni_parliamentary_election" title="1997 Yemeni parliamentary election">1997</a> and <a href="/wiki/2003_Yemeni_parliamentary_election" title="2003 Yemeni parliamentary election">2003 parliamentary elections</a>, the party won two seats. In 2003, the party got 0.66% of the national vote. The party supported <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Yemeni_presidential_election" title="1999 Yemeni presidential election">1999 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdullah al-Ahmar led a central party delegation to the 4th Regional Congress of the Yemenite Ba'ath in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2008, the party and the National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party agreed to coordinate their political activities.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2010, one of the key leaders of the party in Yemen, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Ahmad_Nasser_al-Dhahab" title="Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab">Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab</a>, died. He had been assistant secretary of the Regional Command and a Member of Parliament since 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2013, Linda Mohammed, the head of the region's Women section, left the party in protest at the Yemenite leadership's continued support for Bashar al-Assad and the Syrian Ba'ath.<sup id="cite_ref-protest_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-protest-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Regional Secretaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>Unknown</li> <li>Mahmoud Abdul-Wahab Abdul-Hamid (?–?)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Quasim Salaam (?–present)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Assistant Regional Secretaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab (1993 – November 30, 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ahmad Haidar (?–?)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mohammed Al-Zubairy (?-?)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baathparty.sy/Posts.php?id=56287">"السيرة الذاتية للرفاق أعضاء القيادة المركزية لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي07-05-2024"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508091459/http://www.baathparty.sy/Posts.php?id=56287">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A07-05-2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baathparty.sy%2FPosts.php%3Fid%3D56287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ags1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ags1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ags1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alwatan.sy/archives/388689">"هنأ بوتين بتنصيبه رئيساً لروسيا الاتحادية لولاية جديدة … الرئيس الأسد للقيادة المركزية: الحوار أحد أهم آليات تعزيز حضور «البع"</a> [He congratulated Putin on his inauguration as President of the Russian Federation for a new term... President al-Assad of the Central Command: Dialogue is one of the most important mechanisms for strengthening the presence of the “Baath Party.”]. <a href="/wiki/Al-Watan_(Syria)" title="Al-Watan (Syria)">Al Watan Newspaper</a>. 9 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509062300/https://alwatan.sy/archives/388689">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A3+%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%E2%80%A6+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2+%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1+%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9&rft.pub=Al+Watan+Newspaper&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falwatan.sy%2Farchives%2F388689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party" class="citation web cs1">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120814174423/http://www.baath-party.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=154&Itemid=176&lang=en">"Baath Message"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=154&Itemid=176&lang=en">the original</a> on 14 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baath+Message&rft.au=Arab+Socialist+Ba%27ath+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26id%3D154%26Itemid%3D176%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalt,_Stephen1987" class="citation book cs1">Walt, Stephen (1987). "3:From the Baghdad Pact to the Six Day War". <i>The Origins of Alliances</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">87–</span>88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9418-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9418-5"><bdi>978-0-8014-9418-5</bdi></a>. <q>yet another coup d'etat in Syria in February 1966 ousted the old guard of the Ba'th Party... and gave a radical faction (subsequently dubbed the neo-Ba'th) undisputed power. Abandoning the traditional goal of Arab unity, the new leaders proclaimed a radical socialist platform at home and a commitment to violent revolutionary activity abroad..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3%3AFrom+the+Baghdad+Pact+to+the+Six+Day+War&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Alliances&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9418-5&rft.au=Walt%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPipes1996" class="citation book cs1">Pipes, Daniel (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=NYLXJnsmgKQC&pg=PA5"><i>Syria Beyond the Peace Process</i></a>. Daniel Pipes. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-944029-64-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-944029-64-0"><bdi>978-0-944029-64-0</bdi></a>. <q>Assad effectively abandoned pan-Arab nationalism in the early 1970s, looking instead to dominate a much smaller area in the Levant; with this, he changed the region's ideological climate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+Beyond+the+Peace+Process&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Daniel+Pipes&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-944029-64-0&rft.aulast=Pipes&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNYLXJnsmgKQC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Far-left_political_position-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Far-left_political_position_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavoški2022" class="citation book cs1">Cavoški, Jovan (2022). <i>Non-Aligned Movement Summits: A History</i>. UK: Bloomsburry. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3500-3209-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3500-3209-5"><bdi>978-1-3500-3209-5</bdi></a>. <q>Syria, headed by the radical leftist Baath Party overtly challenged Nasser's leadership credentials by highlighting his diminished revolutionary spirit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-Aligned+Movement+Summits%3A+A+History&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Bloomsburry&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-3500-3209-5&rft.aulast=Cavo%C5%A1ki&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI._Dawisha1980" class="citation book cs1">I. Dawisha, Adeed (1980). "3: External and Internal Setting". <i>Syria and the Lebanese Crisis</i>. London, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-05373-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-05373-5"><bdi>978-1-349-05373-5</bdi></a>. <q>The change has been particularly marked under Asad. He has created a fairly popular Presidential regime: radical left, the most advanced socialist regime in the Arab world, it is progressively widening the frame to include more peasants and labourers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3%3A+External+and+Internal+Setting&rft.btitle=Syria+and+the+Lebanese+Crisis&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Macmillan+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-1-349-05373-5&rft.aulast=I.+Dawisha&rft.aufirst=Adeed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>The Israel Economist</i>. Vol. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>27. University of Minnesota: Kollek & Son, Limited. 1970. p. 61. <q>The ideology propounded by the Ba'ath changed completely. The accent on Arab nationalism was discarded as was moderate socialism. Their place was taken by Syrian nationalism and extreme left-wing ideas verging on communism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel+Economist&rft.place=University+of+Minnesota&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Kollek+%26+Son%2C+Limited&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbadi2004" class="citation book cs1">Abadi, Jacob (2004). <i>Israel's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy</i>. London, UK: Frank Class Publishers. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5576-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5576-7"><bdi>0-7146-5576-7</bdi></a>. <q>radical left-wing Ba'ath party in Syria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Quest+for+Recognition+and+Acceptance+in+Asia%3A+Garrison+State+Diplomacy&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Frank+Class+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7146-5576-7&rft.aulast=Abadi&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Abu_Jaber1966" class="citation book cs1">S. Abu Jaber, Kamel (1966). <i>The Arab Ba'th Socialist Party: History, Ideology and Organization</i>. Syracuse, New York, USA: Syracuse University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">xii–</span>xiii, <span class="nowrap">33–</span>47, <span class="nowrap">75–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66-25181">66-25181</a>. <q>The leadership now in control of Syria does not represent the gamut of the Ba'th party. It is composed mainly of extreme leftists vesting almost exclusive authority in the military wing of the party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Ba%27th+Socialist+Party%3A+History%2C+Ideology+and+Organization&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Exii-%3C%2Fspan%3Exiii%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E47%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F66-25181&rft.aulast=S.+Abu+Jaber&rft.aufirst=Kamel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopwood2013" class="citation book cs1">Hopwood, Derek (2013). <i>Syria 1945-1986: Politics and Society</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>46, <span class="nowrap">73–</span>75, 90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315818955">10.4324/9781315818955</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317818427" title="Special:BookSources/9781317818427"><bdi>9781317818427</bdi></a>. <q>The period 1963 to 1970 when Asad finally succeeded was marked ideologically by uncertainty and even turbulence. It was a period of transition from the old nationalist politicians to the radical socialist Baathis.. struggle between 'moderates' and radicals was centred on the dispute whether to impose a radical left wing government and a social revolution on Syria or to follow a more moderate Arab unionist course which would possibly appease opponents of the Baath. The radicals largely held the upper hand and worked to strengthen the control of the party over the state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+1945-1986%3A+Politics+and+Society&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E46%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E75%2C+90&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315818955&rft.isbn=9781317818427&rft.aulast=Hopwood&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2020" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Christopher (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cqIjEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East</i></a>. London, UK: Yale University Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21717-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21717-9"><bdi>978-0-300-21717-9</bdi></a>. <q> In 1963.. the socialist Ba'ath Party, seized power. The radical left wing of the party then launched an internal coup in 1966, initiating accelerated land reform</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Syria%3A+International+Rivalry+in+the+New+Middle+East&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21717-9&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcqIjEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikhaĭlovich_Vasilʹev1993" class="citation book cs1">Mikhaĭlovich Vasilʹev, Alekseĭ (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qtJoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Russian Policy in the Middle East: From Messianism to Pragmatism</i></a>. University of Michigan, USA: Ithaca Press. pp. 63, 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0863721687" title="Special:BookSources/978-0863721687"><bdi>978-0863721687</bdi></a>. <q>Syrian Baathist version of Arab nationalism and socialism offered plenty of points of contact with Soviet policy.. when the left-wing Baathist faction led by Nureddin Atasi came to power, accelerated Syria's rapprochement with the Soviet Union.. for the USSR Syria remained an uneasy ally whose actions were beyond control, often unpredictable and the cause of complications. The ultra-leftist slogans originating from Damascus (such as a "people's war") were not received enthusiastically in Moscow. Mustafa Tlas, the new Syrian chief of staff, was a theoretician of guerrilla warfare and had even translated works by Che Guevara who was not particularly popular among the Soviet leaders."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Policy+in+the+Middle+East%3A+From+Messianism+to+Pragmatism&rft.place=University+of+Michigan%2C+USA&rft.pages=63%2C+76&rft.pub=Ithaca+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0863721687&rft.aulast=Mikha%C4%ADlovich+Vasil%CA%B9ev&rft.aufirst=Alekse%C4%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqtJoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCliment2015" class="citation book cs1">Climent, James (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dv8TBwAAQBAJ"><i>World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era</i></a> (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8284-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8284-0"><bdi>978-0-7656-8284-0</bdi></a>. <q>influence of different views, came from the more radical left-wing nationalist groups. These groups included.. Syria's Ba'ath party which seized power in Damascus in 1963</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Terrorism%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Political+Violence+from+Ancient+Times+to+the+Post-9%2F11+Era&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=383&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-8284-0&rft.aulast=Climent&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddv8TBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perthes, Volker (1997). The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad. I.B. Tauris. p. 156. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X">1-86064-192-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241211-live-syrian-refugees-attempt-return-to-homeland-after-assad-regime-ousted">"Assad's Baath party suspends work indefinitely in Syria"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 11 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241213140931/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241211-live-syrian-refugees-attempt-return-to-homeland-after-assad-regime-ousted">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Assad%27s+Baath+party+suspends+work+indefinitely+in+Syria&rft.date=2024-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20241211-live-syrian-refugees-attempt-return-to-homeland-after-assad-regime-ousted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestinian_factions-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_factions_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_factions_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/world/mid-east/syrias-pro-assad-palestinian-factions-tout-organizational-changes">"Syria's pro-Assad Palestinian factions tout organizational changes"</a>. <i>Daily Sabah</i>. 12 February 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Syria%27s+pro-Assad+Palestinian+factions+tout+organizational+changes&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fworld%2Fmid-east%2Fsyrias-pro-assad-palestinian-factions-tout-organizational-changes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-actionpal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-actionpal_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-actionpal_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/13966/anger-ignites-hama-camp-why-did-the-residents-revolt-against-sa-iqa">"Anger Ignites Hama Camp: Why Did the Residents Revolt Against "Sa'iqa"?"</a>. <i>Action Group for Palestinians of Syria</i>. 10 February 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+Group+for+Palestinians+of+Syria&rft.atitle=Anger+Ignites+Hama+Camp%3A+Why+Did+the+Residents+Revolt+Against+%22Sa%27iqa%22%3F&rft.date=2025-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F13966%2Fanger-ignites-hama-camp-why-did-the-residents-revolt-against-sa-iqa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pol-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pol_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pol_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pol_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerthes,_Volker1997" class="citation book cs1">Perthes, Volker (1997). <i>The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad</i>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WtsjG0aQpysC&pg=PA140">140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X"><bdi>1-86064-192-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Syria+Under+Asad&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86064-192-X&rft.au=Perthes%2C+Volker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerthes,_Volker1974" class="citation book cs1">Perthes, Volker (1974). <i>The Current digest of the Soviet Press</i>. Vol. 26. American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mSnvAAAAMAAJ&q=assad">4–5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Current+digest+of+the+Soviet+Press&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Slavic+Studies&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Perthes%2C+Volker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ai-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ai_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ai_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ai_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ai_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ai_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker,_SpencerRoberts,_Priscillia_Mary2008" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscillia Mary (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA183">183–184</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-841-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-841-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-841-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pages=183-184&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-841-5&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Spencer&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Priscillia+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lead-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lead_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lead_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swap.stanford.edu/20090416141102/http%3A//www.baath%2Dparty.org/leadership.asp">"Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Socialist+Ba%27ath+Party&rft.pub=Arab+Socialist+Ba%27ath+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fleadership.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-con1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-con1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-con1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-con1_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sana.sy/?p=554774">"انعقاد المؤتمر القومي الرابع عشر لحزب البعث.. الهلال: قرارات المؤتمر تساعد في الانتقال إلى عمل قومي مميز- فيديو"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">Syrian Arab News Agency</a>. 14 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9+%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB..+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%3A+%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2-+%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2F%3Fp%3D554774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-o1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-o1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrechner,_Michael1978" class="citation book cs1">Brechner, Michael (1978). <i>Studies in Crisis Behavior</i>. <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IIfqktFeW2IC&pg=PA257">257</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87855-292-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87855-292-8"><bdi>0-87855-292-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Crisis+Behavior&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-87855-292-8&rft.au=Brechner%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamer_Dahi2017" class="citation news cs1">Samer Dahi (11 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alwatan.sy/archives/103395">"بعد 37 عاماً يعقد مؤتمره القومي الـ14.. تعديلات على «النظام الداخلي» و«المنطلقات النظرية» وحل للقيادة القومية … «البعث» يعلن «مجلسه الاستشاري القومي» الأسبوع المقبل.. وينتخب الرئيس الأسد أميناً عاماً الخمي"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Watan_(Syria)" title="Al-Watan (Syria)">Al-Watan Newspaper</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF+37+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8014..+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%C2%BB+%D9%88%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%C2%BB+%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%E2%80%A6+%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%C2%BB+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%C2%AB%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%C2%BB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84..+%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft.au=Samer+Dahi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falwatan.sy%2Farchives%2F103395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawisha1978" class="citation journal cs1">Dawisha, A. I. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/abs/syria-under-asad-197078-the-centres-of-power/D9ECE43AB6F7A28EFCCBAE747AD34CC8">"Syria under Asad, 1970–78: The Centres of Power"</a>. <i>Government and Opposition</i>. <b>13</b> (3). Cambridge University Press: <span class="nowrap">341–</span>354. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1477-7053.1978.tb00552.x">10.1111/j.1477-7053.1978.tb00552.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145098299">145098299</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105041600/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/abs/syria-under-asad-197078-the-centres-of-power/D9ECE43AB6F7A28EFCCBAE747AD34CC8">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2022</span> – via Cambridge core.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=Syria+under+Asad%2C+1970%E2%80%9378%3A+The+Centres+of+Power&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E341-%3C%2Fspan%3E354&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1477-7053.1978.tb00552.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145098299%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dawisha&rft.aufirst=A.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fgovernment-and-opposition%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fsyria-under-asad-197078-the-centres-of-power%2FD9ECE43AB6F7A28EFCCBAE747AD34CC8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f8-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f8_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f8_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollelo1988" class="citation book cs1">Collelo, Thomas (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/87600488/"><i>Syria: A Country Study</i></a>. Area handbook series. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 214. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514214109/https://www.loc.gov/item/87600488/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.series=Area+handbook+series&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Collelo&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F87600488%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orga-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orga_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoueiri,_Youssef_M.2000" class="citation book cs1">Choueiri, Youssef M. (2000). <i>Arab nationalism: a History: Nation and State in the Arab World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4xiI0Q-fHzEC&pg=PA234">234</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-21729-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-21729-0"><bdi>0-631-21729-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+nationalism%3A+a+History%3A+Nation+and+State+in+the+Arab+World&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-631-21729-0&rft.au=Choueiri%2C+Youssef+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_21-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollelo1988" class="citation book cs1">Collelo, Thomas (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/87600488/"><i>Syria: A Country Study</i></a>. Area handbook series. Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 215. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514214109/https://www.loc.gov/item/87600488/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.series=Area+handbook+series&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Collelo&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F87600488%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f8-2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f8-2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYildiz,_Kerim2005" class="citation book cs1">Yildiz, Kerim (2005). <i>The Kurds in Syria: The Forgotten People</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7453-2499-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7453-2499-1"><bdi>0-7453-2499-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurds+in+Syria%3A+The+Forgotten+People&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7453-2499-1&rft.au=Yildiz%2C+Kerim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pol2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pol2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pol2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pol2_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerthes,_Volker1997" class="citation book cs1">Perthes, Volker (1997). <i>The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad</i>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WtsjG0aQpysC&pg=PA156">156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-192-X"><bdi>1-86064-192-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Syria+Under+Asad&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86064-192-X&rft.au=Perthes%2C+Volker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ra-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ra_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ra_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ra_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406074326/http://www.alraynews.com/PrintNews.aspx?id=78101">"اخبار العراق كما اوردتها الصحافة العربية والعالمية"</a>. 6 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alraynews.com/PrintNews.aspx?id=78101">the original</a> on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alraynews.com%2FPrintNews.aspx%3Fid%3D78101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-it_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-it_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406175239/http://www.alittihad.ae/wajhatdetails.php?id=49355">"وجهات نظر | لا تفرطوا بـ"قيادة قطر العراق"..! | Al Ittihad Newspaper - جريدة الاتحاد"</a>. 6 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alittihad.ae/wajhatdetails.php?id=49355">the original</a> on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1+%7C+%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7+%D8%A8%D9%80%22%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%22..%21+%7C+Al+Ittihad+Newspaper+-+%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alittihad.ae%2Fwajhatdetails.php%3Fid%3D49355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Labor Against War. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uslaboragainstwar.org/article.php?id=6488">Who's Who in the Iraqi Opposition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310183302/http://www.uslaboragainstwar.org/article.php?id=6488">Archived</a> 2016-03-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095951/http://www.aljewar.org/news-24410.aspx">"البعث السوري العراقي: نحن الذين اوصلنا رجال الحكم الحاليين الى السلطة"</a>. Aljewar.org. 25 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljewar.org/news-24410.aspx">the original</a> on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%3A+%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7+%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9&rft.pub=Aljewar.org&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljewar.org%2Fnews-24410.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aws-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aws_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aws_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Asharq al-Awsat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=518730&issueno=11122">عبد المهدي: اللقاء بحزب البعث ـ تنظيم العراق لم ينقطع.. ولا مشكلة لنا مع القوميين</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401135126/http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=518730&issueno=11122">Archived</a> 2012-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Al-Ittihad</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alitthad.com/paper.php?name=News&file=print&sid=38658">في الذكرى الثالثة والثلاثين لميلاد الأتحاد عبدالرزاق فيلي</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425083957/http://www.alitthad.com/paper.php?name=News&file=print&sid=38658">Archived</a> 2012-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowall,_David2000" class="citation book cs1">McDowall, David (2000). <i>A Modern History of the Kurds</i>. <a href="/wiki/I.B.Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I.B.Tauris">I.B.Tauris</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA346">346</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-416-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-416-6"><bdi>1-85043-416-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Modern+History+of+the+Kurds&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85043-416-6&rft.au=McDowall%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iraqi Patriotic Alliance. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqipa.net/Archieve/baker%201.htm">قداسة الحبر الأعظم يوحنا بولص الثاني المحترم</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425084004/http://www.iraqipa.net/Archieve/baker%201.htm#">Archived</a> 2012-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it-2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-it-2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalucci,_Illario2005" class="citation book cs1">Salucci, Illario (2005). <i>A People's History of Iraq: the Iraqi Communist Party, Workers' movements and the Left, 1924–2004</i>. <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Books" title="Haymarket Books">Haymarket Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FN4CIUeoB3wC&pg=PA102">102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931859-14-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-931859-14-0"><bdi>1-931859-14-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People%27s+History+of+Iraq%3A+the+Iraqi+Communist+Party%2C+Workers%27+movements+and+the+Left%2C+1924%E2%80%932004&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-931859-14-0&rft.au=Salucci%2C+Illario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nahrain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nahrain.com/d/news/02/12/13/srq1213f.html">مقاطعو مؤتمر لندن للمعارضة العراقية لماذا يقاطعون؟</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050221085558/http://www.nahrain.com/d/news/02/12/13/srq1213f.html">Archived</a> 2005-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-no-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-no_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-no_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alnoor.se/article.asp?id=44500">"حقيقة الجدل العراقي حول الانفتاح على (حزب البعث) السابق - مركز النور"</a>. Alnoor.se. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172126/http://www.alnoor.se/article.asp?id=44500">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%28%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%29+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82+-+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1&rft.pub=Alnoor.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alnoor.se%2Farticle.asp%3Fid%3D44500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mon-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mon_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213092818/http://baath-party.org/monadel_detail.asp?id=18">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baath-party.org/monadel_detail.asp?id=18">the original</a> on 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaath-party.org%2Fmonadel_detail.asp%3Fid%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimited2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Limited, Elaph Publishing (22 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elaph.com/Web/News/2018/3/1195794.html">"مسؤول بعث العراق "السوري" بمباحثات مصالحة في بغداد"</a>. <i>Elaph - إيلاف</i> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407192736/https://elaph.com/Web/News/2018/3/1195794.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elaph+-+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%22+%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.aulast=Limited&rft.aufirst=Elaph+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felaph.com%2FWeb%2FNews%2F2018%2F3%2F1195794.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Staff_writer" title="Staff writer">Staff writer</a> (2002). <i>Jordan in Transition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29538-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29538-7"><bdi>978-0-312-29538-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan+in+Transition&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-312-29538-7&rft.au=Staff+writer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172159/http://www.baath-party.org/download/99_low.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/99_low.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2F99_low.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baatharab-2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baatharab-2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501140757/http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=08AMMAN1446&q=ba-ath">"Dabour ... Halting normalization with the Zionist enemy is a Pan-Arab necessity"</a>. <i>Ba'ath Message</i>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a>. 25 April 2010. p. 11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=08AMMAN1446&q=ba-ath">the original</a> on 1 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ba%27ath+Message&rft.atitle=Dabour+...+Halting+normalization+with+the+Zionist+enemy+is+a+Pan-Arab+necessity&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cablegatesearch.net%2Fcable.php%3Fid%3D08AMMAN1446%26q%3Dba-ath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501135426/http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=03AMMAN2989&q=ba-th">"Jordan's Political Parties: Islamists, Leftists, Nationalists And Centrists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cablegate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cablegate">Cablegate</a>. 20 May 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=03AMMAN2989&q=ba-th">the original</a> on 1 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan%27s+Political+Parties%3A+Islamists%2C+Leftists%2C+Nationalists+And+Centrists&rft.pub=Cablegate&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cablegatesearch.net%2Fcable.php%3Fid%3D03AMMAN2989%26q%3Dba-th&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f9-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f9_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Research_Division2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (2004). <i>Syria: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9L9ZWtnYsgC&pg=PA282">282</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-5022-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-5022-7&rft.au=Federal+Research+Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l1_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance,_Edgar1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). <i>Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZhJgTkW058C&pg=PA62">62</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-21593-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-21593-2"><bdi>0-312-21593-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+in+Lebanon%2C+1975%E2%80%9392&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-312-21593-2&rft.au=O%27Ballance%2C+Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l2_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance,_Edgar1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). <i>Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZhJgTkW058C&pg=PA149">149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-21593-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-21593-2"><bdi>0-312-21593-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+in+Lebanon%2C+1975%E2%80%9392&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-312-21593-2&rft.au=O%27Ballance%2C+Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l2-2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l2-2_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirst,_David2010" class="citation book cs1">Hirst, David (2010). <i>Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nation_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation Books">Nation Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=az6ivWyQhIcC&pg=PA219">219</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-422-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-422-5"><bdi>978-1-56858-422-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beware+of+Small+States%3A+Lebanon%2C+Battleground+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Nation+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-56858-422-5&rft.au=Hirst%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l3-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l3_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance,_Edgar1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). <i>Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025042309/http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=97943">"March14 – March 8 MPs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NOW_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="NOW Lebanon">NOW Lebanon</a>. 11 March 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=March14+%E2%80%93+March+8+MPs&rft.pub=NOW+Lebanon&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnowlebanon.com%2FNewsArchiveDetails.aspx%3FID%3D97943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2013/Jul-26/225108-syrian-pm-praises-lebanons-baath-party.ashx">"Syrian PM praises Lebanon's Baath Party | News, Lebanon News"</a>. <i>The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon</i>. The Daily Star. 26 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122142022/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Lebanon-News/2013/Jul-26/225108-syrian-pm-praises-lebanons-baath-party.ashx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+-+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Syrian+PM+praises+Lebanon%27s+Baath+Party+%26%23124%3B+News%2C+Lebanon+News&rft.date=2013-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2013%2FJul-26%2F225108-syrian-pm-praises-lebanons-baath-party.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/what-is-make-up-lebanons-new-parliament-2022-05-17/">"Factbox: What is the make-up of Lebanon's new parliament?"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423080212/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/what-is-make-up-lebanons-new-parliament-2022-05-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+What+is+the+make-up+of+Lebanon%27s+new+parliament%3F&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwhat-is-make-up-lebanons-new-parliament-2022-05-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mauritaniabaath-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mauritaniabaath_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202195846/https://themoornextdoor.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/overviewmaurba.pdf">"An Overview of Ba'athist tendencies in Mauritania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Moor Next Door. November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themoornextdoor.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/overviewmaurba.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Overview+of+Ba%27athist+tendencies+in+Mauritania&rft.pub=The+Moor+Next+Door&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthemoornextdoor.files.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F07%2Foverviewmaurba.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20190307-mauritanie-partis-politiques-dissolution-ministre-interieur">"La Mauritanie dissout 76 partis politiques"</a> [Mauritania dissolves 76 political parties]. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a></i> (in French). 7 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003044130/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20190307-mauritanie-partis-politiques-dissolution-ministre-interieur">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+France+Internationale&rft.atitle=La+Mauritanie+dissout+76+partis+politiques&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ffr%2Fafrique%2F20190307-mauritanie-partis-politiques-dissolution-ministre-interieur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181308/http://www.baath-party.org/download/159e.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/159e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2F159e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181258/http://www.baath-party.org/download/103_low.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/103_low.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2F103_low.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f6-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f6_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Research_Division2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (2004). <i>Syria: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9L9ZWtnYsgC&pg=PA61">61–62</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-5022-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-5022-7&rft.au=Federal+Research+Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-South_Damascus-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-South_Damascus_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAymenn_Jawad_Al-Tamimi2018" class="citation web cs1">Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (27 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/04/the-south-damascus-campaign-interview-with-quwat">"The South Damascus Campaign: Interview with Quwat al-Sa'iqa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005235825/http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/04/the-south-damascus-campaign-interview-with-quwat">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+South+Damascus+Campaign%3A+Interview+with+Quwat+al-Sa%27iqa&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft.au=Aymenn+Jawad+Al-Tamimi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aymennjawad.org%2F2018%2F04%2Fthe-south-damascus-campaign-interview-with-quwat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172259/http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath61_e.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath61_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2Fbaath61_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baath-party.org-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baath-party.org_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172430/http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath42_e.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath42_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2Fbaath42_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ray-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ray_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLain,_Donald_Ray1989" class="citation book cs1">Lain, Donald Ray (1989). <i>Dictionary of the African Left: Parties, Movements and Groups</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College Press">Dartmouth</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85521-014-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85521-014-2"><bdi>1-85521-014-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+African+Left%3A+Parties%2C+Movements+and+Groups&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Dartmouth&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=1-85521-014-2&rft.au=Lain%2C+Donald+Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208151908/http://baath-party.org/behind_events_detail.asp?id=27">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/behind_events_detail.asp?id=27">the original</a> on 8 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fbehind_events_detail.asp%3Fid%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sud-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sud_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sud_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008073817/http://baath-party.org/guest_detail.asp?id=69">"حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/guest_detail.asp?id=69">the original</a> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fguest_detail.asp%3Fid%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172437/http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath48_e.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2Fbaath48_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172442/http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath86_e.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baath-party.org/download/baath86_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baath-party.org%2Fdownload%2Fbaath86_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f8-3-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f8-3_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane,_Jan-Erik2004" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Jan-Erik (2004). <i>Constitutions and Political Theory</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkToAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA122">122</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4648-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4648-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-4648-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions+and+Political+Theory&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4648-3&rft.au=Lane%2C+Jan-Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-con-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-con_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-con_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The World and Its Peoples</i>. <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Cavendish" title="Marshall Cavendish">Marshall Cavendish</a>. 2006. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C&pg=PA256">256</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7614-7571-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7614-7571-0"><bdi>0-7614-7571-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+Peoples&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7614-7571-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Devlin1976" class="citation book cs1">F. Devlin, John (1976). "16: Military Ascendancy in Syria". <i>The Baath Party: A History From its Origins to 1966</i>. Stanford University, California: Hoover Institution Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">281–</span>307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817965617" title="Special:BookSources/978-0817965617"><bdi>978-0817965617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=16%3A+Military+Ascendancy+in+Syria&rft.btitle=The+Baath+Party%3A+A+History+From+its+Origins+to+1966&rft.place=Stanford+University%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E307&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0817965617&rft.aulast=F.+Devlin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f2-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f2_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f2_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f2_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Research_Division2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (2004). <i>Syria: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9L9ZWtnYsgC&pg=PA216">216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-5022-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-5022-7&rft.au=Federal+Research+Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDishon1973" class="citation book cs1">Dishon (1973). <i>Middle East Record 1968</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s3torytPXdUC&pg=PA720">720</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-21611-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-21611-5"><bdi>0-470-21611-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Record+1968&rft.pages=720&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-470-21611-5&rft.au=Dishon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f3-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f3_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f3_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Research_Division2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (2004). <i>Syria: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9L9ZWtnYsgC&pg=PA217">217</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-5022-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-5022-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-5022-7&rft.au=Federal+Research+Division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i1-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i1_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoubayed,_Sami_M.2006" class="citation book cs1">Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). <i>Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000</i>. Cune Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sC-xU8QHSooC&pg=PA272">272</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885942-40-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-885942-40-0"><bdi>1-885942-40-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steel+%26+Silk%3A+Men+and+Women+Who+Shaped+Syria+1900%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Cune+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-885942-40-0&rft.au=Moubayed%2C+Sami+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://observatoiretunisien.org/upload/file/Boubakri(1).pdf">http://observatoiretunisien.org/upload/file/Boubakri(1).pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1986" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Mark N. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJwNAAAAIAAJ"><i>Russia & Arabia: Soviet Foreign Policy Toward the Arabian Peninsula</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2897-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2897-3"><bdi>978-0-8018-2897-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+%26+Arabia%3A+Soviet+Foreign+Policy+Toward+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2897-3&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Mark+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJwNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbr-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbr_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbr_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrehony2011" class="citation book cs1">Brehony, Noel (24 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ-LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT43"><i>Yemen Divided: The Story of a Failed State in South Arabia</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-167-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-167-8"><bdi>978-0-85773-167-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen+Divided%3A+The+Story+of+a+Failed+State+in+South+Arabia&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2011-03-24&rft.isbn=978-0-85773-167-8&rft.aulast=Brehony&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJ-LDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hidi-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hidi_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitzBurrowes2017" class="citation book cs1">Schmitz, Charles; Burrowes, Robert D. 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Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0233-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0233-6"><bdi>978-1-5381-0233-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Yemen&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-0233-6&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Burrowes%2C+Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEgY3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalliday2002" class="citation book cs1">Halliday, Fred (4 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5DToPmhXrIC"><i>Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89164-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89164-6"><bdi>978-0-521-89164-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+and+Foreign+Policy%3A+The+Case+of+South+Yemen%2C+1967-1987&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89164-6&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ5DToPmhXrIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-protest-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-protest_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-protest_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304120553/http://nationalyemen.com/2013/03/03/lawyer-linda-mohammed-resigns-from-baath-party-in-yemen/">"Lawyer Linda Mohammed Resigns From Ba'ath Party In Yemen"</a>. nationalyemen.com. 3 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalyemen.com/2013/03/03/lawyer-linda-mohammed-resigns-from-baath-party-in-yemen/">the original</a> on 4 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawyer+Linda+Mohammed+Resigns+From+Ba%27ath+Party+In+Yemen&rft.pub=nationalyemen.com&rft.date=2013-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalyemen.com%2F2013%2F03%2F03%2Flawyer-linda-mohammed-resigns-from-baath-party-in-yemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011171923/http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/Politics/detail.php?ID=8437">"معلومات أساسية عن الأحزاب"</a>. <i>yemen-nic.info</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yemen-nic.info&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-nic.info%2Fcontents%2FPolitics%2Fdetail.php%3FID%3D8437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABa%27ath+Party+%28Syrian-dominated+faction%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmotamar_Net" class="citation web cs1">Almotamar Net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almotamar.net/en/1773.htm">"Delegation of Syrian Baath Party arrives in Sana'a"</a>. Almotamar.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230554/http://www.almotamar.net/en/1773.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="History of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">History</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Committee_to_Help_Iraq" title="Syrian Committee to Help Iraq">Syrian Committee to Help Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Pre-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Abdul-Karim_Qasim" title="Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim">Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Politics of Ba'athist Syria">Politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_the_Revolutionary_Command" title="National Council for the Revolutionary Command">National Council for the Revolutionary Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rashid_revolt" title="Ar-Rashid revolt">Ar-Rashid revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Hama_riot" title="1964 Hama riot">1964 Hama riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Post-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_(Iraq)" title="Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq)">Revolutionary Command Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Revolutionary_Command_Council_under_Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="List of members of the Revolutionary Command Council under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Belt">Arab Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Arabization_campaigns_in_northern_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq">Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assadist%E2%80%93Saddamist_conflict" title="Assadist–Saddamist conflict">Assadist–Saddamist conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Campaign" title="Faith Campaign">Faith Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="De-Ba'athification in Iraq">De-Ba'athification in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_archives" title="Ba'ath Party archives">Ba'ath Party archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Leadership957" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Pre-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraqi-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Al-Mukhtar" title="Salah Al-Mukhtar">Salah Al-Mukhtar</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syrian-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar <small><i>(de facto)</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Regional Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Homsi" title="Akram al-Homsi">Akram al-Homsi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assem_Qanso" title="Assem Qanso">Assem Qanso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Majid_al-Rafei" title="Abd al-Majid al-Rafei">Abd al-Majid al-Rafei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isam_al-Qadi" title="Isam al-Qadi">Isam al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakad_Salem" title="Rakad Salem">Rakad Salem</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammud_al-Shufi" title="Hammud al-Shufi">Hammud al-Shufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_National_Command_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Members</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Command_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="National Command of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">National Command</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_Khalaf_Abbas" title="Hadiya Khalaf Abbas">Hadiya Khalaf Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Ayyoub" title="Ali Abdullah Ayyoub">Ali Abdullah Ayyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Farah" title="Elias Farah">Elias Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakem_Al-Fayez" title="Hakem Al-Fayez">Hakem Al-Fayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahib_al-Ghanim" title="Wahib al-Ghanim">Wahib al-Ghanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Hawrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Akram al-Hawrani">Akram al-Hawrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Yashruti" title="Khaled Yashruti">Khaled Yashruti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Members of the Regional Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humam_Abd_al-Khaliq_Abd_al-Ghafur" title="Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur">Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanim_Abdul-Jalil" title="Ghanim Abdul-Jalil">Ghanim Abdul-Jalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Abdul-Majid" title="Saad Abdul-Majid">Saad Abdul-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mustafa_Abdullah" title="Jamal Mustafa Abdullah">Jamal Mustafa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Omar_al-Ali" title="Salah Omar al-Ali">Salah Omar al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Salih Mahdi Ammash">Salih Mahdi Ammash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Al-Awadi" title="Hussein Al-Awadi">Hussein Al-Awadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdullah_Mahdi_Al-Douri" title="Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri">Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadoun_Ghaidan" title="Saadoun Ghaidan">Saadoun Ghaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadil_Mahmud_Gharib" title="Fadil Mahmud Gharib">Fadil Mahmud Gharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizban_Khadr_al-Hadi" title="Mizban Khadr al-Hadi">Mizban Khadr al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dun_Hammadi" title="Sa'dun Hammadi">Sa'dun Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qusay_Hussein" title="Qusay Hussein">Qusay Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latif_Nassif_Jassim" title="Latif Nassif Jassim">Latif Nassif Jassim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Taan_Kazim" title="Rashid Taan Kazim">Rashid Taan Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Khayr_Allah" title="Adnan Khayr Allah">Adnan Khayr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyi_Abdul-Hussein_Mashhadi" title="Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi">Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Abdul_Aziz_al-Najim" title="Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim">Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Saleh_Al-Numan" title="Aziz Saleh Al-Numan">Aziz Saleh Al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Hamoud_Al-Obaidi" title="Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi">Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_Mutlaq_al-Rawi" title="Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi">Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Rifai" title="Rashid al-Rifai">Rashid al-Rifai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Baqi_Abd_Karim_Al-Sadun" title="Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun">Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zimam_al-Sadun" title="Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun">Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Khaliq_al-Samarra%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i">Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Sallum_al-Samarra%27i" title="Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i">Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Shindakh_Thamer" title="Nayef Shindakh Thamer">Nayef Shindakh Thamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamis_Sirhan" title="Khamis Sirhan">Khamis Sirhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardan_al-Tikriti" title="Hardan al-Tikriti">Hardan al-Tikriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Abdallah_al-Ubaydi" title="Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi">Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Yahya" title="Tahir Yahya">Tahir Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Hesqel" title="Ibrahim Hesqel">Ibrahim Hesqel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Shuaib" title="Musa Shuaib">Musa Shuaib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_Khalaf_Abbas" title="Hadiya Khalaf Abbas">Hadiya Khalaf Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Arnous" title="Hussein Arnous">Hussein Arnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Ayyoub" title="Ali Abdullah Ayyoub">Ali Abdullah Ayyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Saeed_Bekheitan" title="Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan">Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsen_Bilal" title="Muhsen Bilal">Muhsen Bilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Dakhlallah" title="Mahdi Dakhlallah">Mahdi Dakhlallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Diyab" title="Ahmad Diyab">Ahmad Diyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Duba" title="Ali Duba">Ali Duba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Habash" title="Marwan Habash">Marwan Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hadid" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid">Ibrahim al-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Halabi" title="Muhammad Ali al-Halabi">Muhammad Ali al-Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Badr_Hassan" title="Adnan Badr Hassan">Adnan Badr Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Hatum" title="Salim Hatum">Salim Hatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal_Hilal" title="Hilal Hilal">Hilal Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_al-Hussein" title="Mohammad al-Hussein">Mohammad al-Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Ikhtiyar" title="Hisham Ikhtiyar">Hisham Ikhtiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jundi" title="Abdul-Karim al-Jundi">Abdul-Karim al-Jundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_al-Jundi" title="Sami al-Jundi">Sami al-Jundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_al-Kasm" title="Abdul Rauf al-Kasm">Abdul Rauf al-Kasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_Khamis" title="Imad Khamis">Imad Khamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Khatib" title="Ahmad al-Khatib">Ahmad al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Khleifawi" title="Abdul Rahman Khleifawi">Abdul Rahman Khleifawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Jihad_al-Laham" title="Mohammad Jihad al-Laham">Mohammad Jihad al-Laham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Makhous" title="Ibrahim Makhous">Ibrahim Makhous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuhair_Masharqa" title="Zuhair Masharqa">Zuhair Masharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Mero" title="Muhammad Mustafa Mero">Muhammad Mustafa Mero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Qaddura" title="Abdul Qadir Qaddura">Abdul Qadir Qaddura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammouda_Sabbagh" title="Hammouda Sabbagh">Hammouda Sabbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farouk_al-Sharaa" title="Farouk al-Sharaa">Farouk al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_al-Shihabi" title="Hikmat al-Shihabi">Hikmat al-Shihabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammud_al-Shufi" title="Hammud al-Shufi">Hammud al-Shufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tlass" title="Mustafa Tlass">Mustafa Tlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Turkmani" title="Hasan Turkmani">Hasan Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Umran" title="Muhammad Umran">Muhammad Umran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Yasin" title="Salim Yasin">Salim Yasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Zuayyin" title="Yusuf Zuayyin">Yusuf Zuayyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Ahmad_Nasser_al-Dhahab" title="Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab">Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Iraq" title="List of presidents of Iraq"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Syria" title="List of presidents of Syria"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Khatib" title="Ahmad al-Khatib">Ahmad al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam <small><i>(interim)</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Heads of government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dun_Hammadi" title="Sa'dun Hammadi">Sa'dun Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Husayn_Khudayir_as-Samarrai" title="Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai">Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Syria" title="List of prime ministers of Syria"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Zuayyin" title="Yusuf Zuayyin">Yusuf Zuayyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Khleifawi" title="Abdul Rahman Khleifawi">Abdul Rahman Khleifawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Ayyubi" title="Mahmoud al-Ayyubi">Mahmoud al-Ayyubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Halabi" title="Muhammad Ali al-Halabi">Muhammad Ali al-Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_al-Kasm" title="Abdul Rauf al-Kasm">Abdul Rauf al-Kasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Al-Zoubi" title="Mahmoud Al-Zoubi">Mahmoud Al-Zoubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Mero" title="Muhammad Mustafa Mero">Muhammad Mustafa Mero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_Safar" title="Adel Safar">Adel Safar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad_Farid_Hijab" title="Riyad Farid Hijab">Riyad Farid Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ibrahim_Ghalawanji" title="Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji">Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_Khamis" title="Imad Khamis">Imad Khamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Arnous" title="Hussein Arnous">Hussein Arnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div>* = incumbent</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Organization957" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organization_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Organization of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Organization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ba%27athist_regional_branches" title="Category:Ba'athist regional branches"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Regional branches</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraqi-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_of_Algeria" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Assembly" title="Nationalist Democratic Assembly">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Egypt_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Regional Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Arab_Lebanon_Vanguard_Party" title="Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_Party" title="National Vanguard Party">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Region_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Tunisian Ba'ath Movement">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syrian-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Progressive_Party" title="Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Socialist Democratic Unionist Party">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vanguard_Party_(South_Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen)">South Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Organization_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="History of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">National Security Bureau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ba%27ath" title="Al-Ba'ath">Al-Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawt_al-Jamahir" title="Sawt al-Jamahir">Sawt al-Jamahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Thawra_(newspaper)" title="Al-Thawra (newspaper)">Al-Thawra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Popular fronts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Iraq)" title="National Progressive Front (Iraq)">National Progressive Front (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front (Syria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Brigades" title="Ba'ath Brigades">Ba'ath Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Battalions_(Iraq)" title="National Defense Battalions (Iraq)">National Defense Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Youth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Union" title="Revolutionary Youth Union">Revolutionary Youth Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organizations957" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_associated_with_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Organizations associated with the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Associated organizations</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Armed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Army" title="Free Iraqi Army">Free Iraqi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Jeish Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionists" title="Rejectionists">Rejectionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Party" title="Snake Party">Snake Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ba%27ath_Party_breakaway_groups" title="Category:Ba'ath Party breakaway groups"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Breakaway groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolutionary_Workers_Party" title="Arab Revolutionary Workers Party">Arab Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement_(Damascus_branch)" title="Arab Socialist Movement (Damascus branch)">Damascus branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Revolutionary_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Toilers%27_Movement" title="Arabic Toilers' Movement">Arabic Toilers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Arab_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party">Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arab_Front" title="Palestinian Arab Front">Palestinian Arab Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Lebanon" title="Socialist Lebanon">Socialist Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Sudanese Ba'ath Party">Sudanese Ba'ath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Political alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Palestinian_Forces" title="Alliance of Palestinian Forces">Alliance of Palestinian Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change" title="Forces of Freedom and Change">Forces of Freedom and Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Consensus_Forces" title="National Consensus Forces">National Consensus Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Sudan)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Sudan)">National Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_and_Islamic_Forces" title="Palestinian National and Islamic Forces">Palestinian National and Islamic Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahd_Bloc" title="Ahd Bloc">Ahd Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_Patriotic_and_National_Parties" title="Front of Patriotic and National Parties">Front of Patriotic and National Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front" title="Lebanese National Resistance Front">Lebanese National Resistance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_for_the_Liberation_of_Syria" title="National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria">National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Front_(Iraq)" title="National Union Front (Iraq)">National Union Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Alliance" title="Palestinian National Alliance">Palestinian National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Salvation_Front" title="Palestinian National Salvation Front">Palestinian National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Democratic_Union_Party" title="Arab Democratic Union Party">Arab Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Unionist Party">Democratic Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Revolutionary_Party" title="Kurdistan Revolutionary Party">Kurdistan Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Movement" title="Libyan National Movement">Libyan National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant_Party" title="National Covenant Party">National Covenant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Party_(Iraq)" title="Popular Unity Party (Iraq)">Popular Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawab_(Mauritania)" title="Sawab (Mauritania)">Sawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Unionists" title="Social Democratic Unionists">Social Democratic Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unionist_Party_(Syria)" title="Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)">Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party" title="Syrian Communist Party">Syrian Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Bakdash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Unified)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Unified)">Unified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Other organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Federation_of_Trade_Unions_(Syria)" title="General Federation of Trade Unions (Syria)">General Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Peasants" title="General Union of Peasants">General Union of Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Syrian_Women" title="General Union of Syrian Women">General Union of Syrian Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Miscellaneous957" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ba%27athism" title="Neo-Ba'athism">Neo-Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddamism" title="Saddamism">Saddamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa%E1%B8%A5da,_%E1%B8%A4urriyya,_Ishtir%C4%81kiyya" title="Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya">Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardulfurataini" title="Ardulfurataini">Ardulfurataini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_nationalism328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_nationalism" title="Template talk:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_nationalism328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Islamic_nationalism" title="Arab-Islamic nationalism">Arab-Islamic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">1941 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1961 Syrian coup d'état">1961 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Arab nationalists">Personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butrus_al-Bustani" title="Butrus al-Bustani">Butrus al-Bustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jassem_Alwan" title="Jassem Alwan">Jassem Alwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif" title="Abdul Rahman Arif">Abdul Rahman Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Arif" title="Abdul Salam Arif">Abdul Salam Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Atassi" title="Jamal al-Atassi">Jamal al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Darwaza" title="Izzat Darwaza">Izzat Darwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati%27_al-Husri" title="Sati' al-Husri">Sati' al-Husri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most%C3%A9fa_Merarda" title="Mostéfa Merarda">Mostéfa Merarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Pachachi" title="Adnan Pachachi">Adnan Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Rihani" title="Ameen Rihani">Ameen Rihani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_nationalist_parties" title="List of Arab nationalist parties">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatat" title="Al-Fatat">Al-Fatat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">Al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement" title="Arab Nationalist Movement">Arab Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Action_Party" title="Arab Socialist Action Party">Arab Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Iraq)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)">Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Libya)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Libya)">Arab Socialist Union (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_People%27s_Union" title="Arabian Peninsula People's Union">Arabian Peninsula People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)">Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Legion" title="Islamic Legion">Islamic Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Political_Command" title="Unified Political Command">Unified Political Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arab_Awakening" title="The Arab Awakening">The Arab Awakening</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalist_symbols" title="Category:Arab nationalist symbols">Symbolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Flag" title="Arab Liberation Flag">Arab Liberation Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic">Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saladin" title="Eagle of Saladin">Eagle of Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Federation" title="Flag of the Arab Federation">Flag of the Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Flag of the Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics">Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Flag of the United Arab Republic">Flag of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_Quraish" title="Hawk of Quraish">Hawk of Quraish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algerian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalism" title="Category:Arab nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Algeria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Algeria&#124;link=Algeria522" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Algerian_political_parties" title="Template:Algerian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Algerian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Algerian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Algerian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Algerian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Algeria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Algeria&#124;link=Algeria522" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Algeria" title="List of political parties in Algeria">Political parties in Algeria</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Assembly" title="People's National Assembly">Parliamentary</a> parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front</a> (98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Society_for_Peace" title="Movement of Society for Peace">Movement of Society for Peace</a> (65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Rally" title="Democratic National Rally">Democratic National Rally</a> (58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Front" title="Future Front">Future Front</a> (48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Construction_Movement" title="National Construction Movement">National Construction Movement</a> (39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_(Algeria)" title="Voice of the People (Algeria)">Voice of the People</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Front" title="Justice and Development Front">Justice and Development Front</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Good_Governance_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Good Governance Front (page does not exist)">Good Governance Front</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Dawn_(Algeria)" title="New Dawn (Algeria)">New Dawn</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Algeria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Algeria) (page does not exist)">Freedom and Justice Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jil_Jadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jil Jadid (page does not exist)">Jil Jadid</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Algeria_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Algeria Front (page does not exist)">New Algeria Front</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_National_Front" title="Algerian National Front">Algerian National Front</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity_Party_(Algeria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dignity Party (Algeria) (page does not exist)">Dignity Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahd_54" title="Ahd 54">Ahd 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Party_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism">Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Popular_Movement" title="Algerian Popular Movement">Algerian Popular Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Rally" title="Algerian Rally">Algerian Rally</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Algeria">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Social_Movement_(Algeria)" title="Democratic and Social Movement (Algeria)">Democratic and Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Infitah_Movement" title="El-Infitah Movement">El-Infitah Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essabil" title="Essabil">Essabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Renaissance_Movement" title="Islamic Renaissance Movement">Islamic Renaissance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Democracy_in_Algeria" title="Movement for Democracy in Algeria">Movement for Democracy in Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_National_Reform" title="Movement for National Reform">Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_National_Understanding" title="Movement of National Understanding">Movement of National Understanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Nature_and_Development" title="National Movement for Nature and Development">National Movement for Nature and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_for_Solidarity_and_Development" title="National Party for Solidarity and Development">National Party for Solidarity and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Youth_and_Democracy" title="Movement for Youth and Democracy">Movement for Youth and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Democratic Front (Algeria)">National Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_of_Independents_for_Understanding" title="National Front of Independents for Understanding">National Front of Independents for Understanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party" title="Natural Law Party">Natural Law Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_of_Hope" title="National Movement of Hope">National Movement of Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Alliance" title="National Republican Alliance">National Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Algerian_Renewal" title="Party of Algerian Renewal">Party of Algerian Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Republican_Party_(Algeria)" title="Progressive Republican Party (Algeria)">Progressive Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_Culture_and_Democracy" title="Rally for Culture and Democracy">Rally for Culture and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Patriotic_Rally" title="Republican Patriotic Rally">Republican Patriotic Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Forces_Front" title="Socialist Forces Front">Socialist Forces Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(Algeria)" title="Socialist Workers Party (Algeria)">Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Algeria)" title="Workers' Party (Algeria)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized or illegal parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">Islamic Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafaa_(party)" title="Wafaa (party)">Wafaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_of_Algeria" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Algeria" title="Politics of Algeria">Politics of Algeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Iraq_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iraq&#124;link=Iraq308" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraqi_political_parties" title="Template:Iraqi political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iraqi_political_parties" title="Template talk:Iraqi political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraqi_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraqi political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Iraq_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iraq&#124;link=Iraq308" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iraq" title="List of political parties in Iraq">Political parties in Iraq</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadrist_Movement" title="Sadrist Movement">Sadrists</a> (73) (<b>quit</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Iraq)" title="Progress Party (Iraq)">Progress Party</a> (37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Law_Coalition" title="State of Law Coalition">State of Law Coalition</a> (33) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Organisation" title="Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation">Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party">Kurdistan Democratic Party</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Alliance" title="Fatah Alliance">Fatah Alliance</a> (17) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sadiqoun_Bloc" title="Al-Sadiqoun Bloc">Al-Sadiqoun Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Supreme_Council_of_Iraq" title="Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq">Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azem_Alliance" title="Azem Alliance">Azem Alliance</a> (14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emtidad_Movement" title="Emtidad Movement">Emtidad Movement</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Generation_Movement" title="New Generation Movement">New Generation Movement</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishraqat_Kanoon" title="Ishraqat Kanoon">Ishraqat Kanoon</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmim_Alliance" title="Tasmim Alliance">Tasmim Alliance</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Alliance" title="Victory Alliance">Victory Alliance</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Justice_Group" title="Kurdistan Justice Group">Kurdistan Justice Group</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_Front" title="Iraqi Turkmen Front">Iraqi Turkmen Front</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserved Christian seats (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_Movement" title="Babylon Movement">Babylon Movement</a> (4)</li> <li>Independents (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserved minority seats (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hareth_Shanshal_Sunaid" title="Hareth Shanshal Sunaid">Hareth Shanshal Sunaid</a> (1) [Mandaean seat]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naif_Khalaf_Seydou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naif Khalaf Seydou (page does not exist)">Naif Khalaf Seydou</a> (1) [Yazidi seat]</li> <li>Council of Free Shabaks (1) [Shabak seat]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrepresented in parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Iraqis_(party)" title="The Iraqis (party)">The Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Communist_Party" title="Iraqi Communist Party">Iraqi Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_National_Congress" title="Iraqi National Congress">Iraqi National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wisdom_Movement" title="National Wisdom Movement">National Wisdom Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li>Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">pan-Arab organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Politics of Iraq</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Jordan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jordan&#124;link=Jordan344" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jordanian_political_parties" title="Template:Jordanian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jordanian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Jordanian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jordanian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jordanian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Jordan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jordan&#124;link=Jordan344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jordan" title="List of political parties in Jordan">Political parties in Jordan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Action_Front" title="Islamic Action Front">Islamic Action Front</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Charter_Party" title="National Charter Party">National Charter Party</a> (21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eradah_Party" title="Eradah Party">Eradah Party</a> (19)</li> <li>Progress Party (8)</li> <li>National Islamic Party (7)</li> <li>National Unity Movement (5)</li> <li>Blessed Land Party (2)</li> <li>Jordanian Labor Party (2)</li> <li>Growth Party (1)</li> <li>Civil Democratic Party (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Communist_Party" title="Jordanian Communist Party">Jordanian Communist Party</a> (1)</li> <li>Youth Party (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrepresented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahd_Party" title="Ahd Party">Ahd Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Resalah_Party" title="Al-Resalah Party">Al-Resalah Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Progressive_Party" title="Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party">Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Centrist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Centrist Party">Islamic Centrist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Party">Arab Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Alliance">Civil Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Democratic_People%27s_Party" title="Jordanian Democratic People's Party">Democratic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Democratic_Popular_Unity_Party" title="Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party">Democratic Popular Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Progressive_Party" title="Jordanian Progressive Party">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamzam_(party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamzam (party)">Zamzam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Communist_Toilers_Party" title="Jordanian Communist Toilers Party">Communist Toilers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_National_Liberation_Movement" title="Jordanian National Liberation Movement">National Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Jordan)" title="National Socialist Party (Jordan)">National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Revolutionary_People%27s_Party" title="Jordanian Revolutionary People's Party">Revolutionary People's Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jordan" title="Politics of Jordan">Politics of Jordan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lebanon&#124;link=Lebanon_Political_parties_in_Lebanon292" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lebanese_political_parties" title="Template:Lebanese political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lebanese_political_parties" title="Template talk:Lebanese political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lebanon&#124;link=Lebanon_Political_parties_in_Lebanon292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon" title="List of political parties in Lebanon">Political parties in Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon" title="Council of Ministers of Lebanon">Ministers</a> (24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a> (16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Democratic_Party" title="Lebanese Democratic Party">Lebanese Democratic Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada Movement</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Lebanon" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon">Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/March_14_Alliance" title="March 14 Alliance">March 14 Alliance</a> (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a> (0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">Progressive Socialist Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em">Others (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>PM's share (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">National Assembly</a> (128)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a> (60)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Lebanon" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon">Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada Movement</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region">Ba'ath Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Movement" title="Dignity Movement">Dignity Movement</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Nasserist_Organization" title="Popular Nasserist Organization">Popular Nasserist Organization</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(Lebanon)" title="Union Party (Lebanon)">Union Party</a> (1)</li> <li>Independent (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/March_14_Alliance" title="March 14 Alliance">March 14 Alliance</a> (38)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">Independence Movement</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)" title="National Liberal Party (Lebanon)">National Liberal Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Group_(Lebanon)" title="Islamic Group (Lebanon)">Islamic group</a> (1)</li> <li>Independent (3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/17_October_Revolution" title="17 October Revolution">17 October Revolution</a> (13)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taqaddom_(Lebanon)" title="Taqaddom (Lebanon)">Taqaddom</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Communist_Party" title="Lebanese Communist Party">Lebanese Communist Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beirut_Tuqawem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beirut Tuqawem (page does not exist)">Beirut Tuqawem</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahalof_Watani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahalof Watani (page does not exist)">Tahalof Watani</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatt_Ahmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khatt Ahmar (page does not exist)">Khatt Ahmar</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_(political_party)" title="Lana (political party)">Lana</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osos_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osos Lebanon (page does not exist)">Osos Lebanon</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ReLebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReLebanon (page does not exist)">ReLebanon</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em">Others (10)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">Progressive Socialist Party</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Nasserist_Organization" title="Popular Nasserist Organization">Popular Nasserist Organization</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Dialogue_Party" title="National Dialogue Party">National Dialogue Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Politics of Lebanon">Politics of Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Palestine427" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinian_political_parties" title="Template:Palestinian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Palestinian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Palestine427" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties in Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian<br />Legislative<br />Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> (74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> (45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine <span style="font-size:85%;">(PFLP)</span></a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative <span style="font-size:85%;">(PNI)</span></a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine <span style="font-size:85%;">(DFLP)</span></a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">Palestinian People's Party <span style="font-size:85%;">(PPP)</span></a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front <span style="font-size:85%;">(ALF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">As-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Abbas) <span style="font-size:85%;">(PLF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front_(Abu_Nidal_Ashqar_wing)" title="Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing)">Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar) <span style="font-size:85%;">(PLF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arab_Front" title="Palestinian Arab Front">Palestinian Arab Front <span style="font-size:85%;">(PAF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Communist_Party_(1991)" title="Palestinian Communist Party (1991)">Palestinian Communist Party <span style="font-size:85%;">(PCP)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">Palestinian Democratic Union <span style="font-size:85%;">(FIDA)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Freedom_Movement" title="Palestinian Freedom Movement">Palestinian Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Samir Ghawshah) <span style="font-size:85%;">(PPSF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front_(1991)" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (1991)">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid ‘Abd al-Majid) <span style="font-size:85%;">(PPSF)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Justice_and_Democracy" title="National Coalition for Justice and Democracy">National Coalition for Justice and Democracy <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wa'ad)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_and_Development_Party_(Palestine)" title="Reform and Development Party (Palestine)">Reform and Development Party <span style="font-size:85%;">(RDPP)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Palestinian_Communist_Party" title="Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party">Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party <span style="font-size:85%;">(RPCP)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">Lists of political parties</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Sudan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sudan&#124;link=Sudan294" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sudanese_political_parties" title="Template:Sudanese political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sudanese_political_parties" title="Template talk:Sudanese political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sudanese political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Sudan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sudan&#124;link=Sudan294" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sudan" title="List of political parties in Sudan">Political parties in Sudan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Organization_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan">Organization of Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Region_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan">Region of Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beja_Congress" title="Beja Congress">Beja Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaa_Sudan_Party" title="Binaa Sudan Party">Binaa Sudan Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party_(Sudan)" title="Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)">Democratic Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Socialist_Party" title="Islamic Socialist Party">Islamic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(Sudan)" title="Liberal Democrats (Sudan)">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sudan" title="Liberal Party of Sudan">Liberal Party of Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Umma_Party" title="National Umma Party">National Umma Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Congress_Party" title="Popular Congress Party">Popular Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Change_Now" title="Sudan Change Now">Sudan Change Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement%E2%80%93North" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North">Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Sudanese Ba'ath Party">Sudanese Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Communist_Party" title="Sudanese Communist Party">Sudanese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Congress_Party" title="Sudanese Congress Party">Sudanese Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Alliance" title="Sudanese National Alliance">Sudanese National Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_Front" title="Anti-Imperialist Front">Anti-Imperialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bloc_(Sudan)" title="Black Bloc (Sudan)">Black Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Sudan)" title="Liberal Party (Sudan)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_Party_(Sudan)" title="National Congress Party (Sudan)">National Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Islamic_Front" title="National Islamic Front">National Islamic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains_Union" title="Nuba Mountains Union">Nuba Mountains Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Sudan)" title="People's Democratic Party (Sudan)">People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Brotherhood" title="Republican Brotherhood">Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_(Sudan)" title="Socialist Republican Party (Sudan)">Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Liberal_Party" title="Sudan Liberal Party">Sudan Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Communist_Party_%E2%80%93_Revolutionary_Leadership" title="Sudanese Communist Party – Revolutionary Leadership">Sudanese Communist Party – Revolutionary Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Nile_Party" title="Sudanese Nile Party">Sudanese Nile Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_People%27s_Socialist_Front" title="Sudanese People's Socialist Front">Sudanese People's Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Socialist_Union" title="Sudanese Socialist Union">Sudanese Socialist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Forces" title="Workers' Forces">Workers' Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graduates%27_General_Congress" title="Graduates' General Congress">Graduates' General Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change" title="Forces of Freedom and Change">Forces of Freedom and Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Consensus_Forces" title="National Consensus Forces">National Consensus Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Sudan)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Sudan)">National Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redemption_Front" title="National Redemption Front">National Redemption Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Revolutionary_Front" title="Sudan Revolutionary Front">Sudan Revolutionary Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sudan" title="Politics of Sudan">Politics of Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Syria395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_political_parties" title="Template:Syrian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Syrian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Syria395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Political parties in Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">pan-Arab organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unionist_Party_(Syria)" title="Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)">Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Unified)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Unified)">Syrian Communist Party (Unified)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant_Party" title="National Covenant Party">National Covenant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Democratic_Union_Party" title="Arab Democratic Union Party">Arab Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Unionist Party">Democratic Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Unionists" title="Social Democratic Unionists">Social Democratic Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement_(Damascus_branch)" title="Arab Socialist Movement (Damascus branch)">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_Change_and_Liberation" title="Popular Front for Change and Liberation">Popular Front for Change and Liberation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Will_Party" title="People's Will Party">People's Will Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian opposition">Unrepresented</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_People%27s_Party" title="Syrian Democratic People's Party">Democratic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen_Assembly" title="Syrian Turkmen Assembly">Syrian Turkmen Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Turkmen_Bloc" title="Syria Turkmen Bloc">Syria Turkmen Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Turkmen_Movement" title="Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement">Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Arab_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party">Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolutionary_Workers_Party" title="Arab Revolutionary Workers Party">Arab Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_of_Syria" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria">Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Syriac Union Party (Syria)">Syriac Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Arab_Socialist_Union" title="Democratic Arab Socialist Union">Democratic Arab Socialist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Justice_and_Development_in_Syria" title="Movement for Justice and Development in Syria">Movement for Justice and Development in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Youth_Party" title="Syrian National Youth Party">National Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Future_Movement_in_Syria" title="Kurdish Future Movement in Syria">Kurdish Future Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Alliance_in_Syria" title="Kurdish National Alliance in Syria">Kurdish National Alliance in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Syria" title="Reform Party of Syria">Reform Party of Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bloc_(Syria)" title="National Bloc (Syria)">National Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Syria)" title="National Party (Syria)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union (Egypt)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Syria)" title="People's Party (Syria)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nationalist_Action" title="League of Nationalist Action">League of Nationalist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_National_Party_(historical)" title="Arab National Party (historical)">Arab National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Lebanese_Communist_Party" title="Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party">Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party" title="Syrian Communist Party">Syrian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Movement" title="Arab Liberation Movement">Arab Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Cooperation_Party" title="Socialist Cooperation Party">Socialist Cooperation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Communist_Party" title="Arab Communist Party">Arab Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Labour_Party_(Syria)" title="Communist Labour Party (Syria)">Communist Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)#Syria" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_in_Syria" title="National Salvation Front in Syria">National Salvation Front in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banned Islamist parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_of_Syria" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria">Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Supreme_Committee" title="Kurdish Supreme Committee">Kurdish Supreme Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Future_Movement_in_Syria" title="Kurdish Future Movement in Syria">Kurdish Future Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Alliance_in_Syria" title="Kurdish National Alliance in Syria">Kurdish National Alliance in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party">Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assyrian parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Democratic_Organization" title="Assyrian Democratic Organization">Assyrian Democratic Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Syriac Union Party (Syria)">Syriac Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Democratic_Party" title="Assyrian Democratic Party">Assyrian Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Yemen&#124;link=Yemen_Political_parties_in_Yemen283" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yemeni_political_parties" title="Template:Yemeni political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yemeni_political_parties" title="Template talk:Yemeni political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yemeni political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Yemen&#124;link=Yemen_Political_parties_in_Yemen283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yemen" title="List of political parties in Yemen">Political parties in Yemen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahrar_Organization" title="Al-Ahrar Organization">Al-Ahrar Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashad_Union" title="Al-Rashad Union">Al-Rashad Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Hope_Party" title="Arab Hope Party">Arab Hope Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Nasserist_Party" title="Democratic Nasserist Party">Democratic Nasserist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_People%27s_Congress_(Yemen)" title="General People's Congress (Yemen)">General People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserist_Reform_Organisation" title="Nasserist Reform Organisation">Nasserist Reform Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserist_Unionist_People%27s_Organisation" title="Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation">Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(Yemen)" title="National Democratic Front (Yemen)">National Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Solidarity_Party_(Yemen)" title="National Solidarity Party (Yemen)">National Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Truth_(Yemen)" title="Party of Truth (Yemen)">Party of Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Nationalist_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen" title="Social Nationalist Party – Yemen">Social Nationalist Party – Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Popular_Forces" title="Union of Popular Forces">Union of Popular Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Renaissance_Movement" title="Yemen Renaissance Movement">Yemen Renaissance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Labour_Party" title="Yemeni Labour Party">Yemeni Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Socialist_Party" title="Yemeni Socialist Party">Yemeni Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/32px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/48px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/64px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yemen" title="Portal:Yemen">Yemen portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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