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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 原理 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-原理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关原理子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-節奏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#節奏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 節奏 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-節奏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韻律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韻律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 韻律 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韻律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 結構 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-技巧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#技巧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 技巧 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-技巧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 形式 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-形式-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关形式子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-形式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-十四行詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十四行詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 十四行詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十四行詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國古典詩歌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國古典詩歌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 中國古典詩歌 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國古典詩歌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-維拉內拉詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#維拉內拉詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 維拉內拉詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-維拉內拉詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五行打油詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五行打油詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 五行打油詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五行打油詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-短歌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#短歌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 短歌 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-短歌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俳句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俳句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 俳句 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俳句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰國詩歌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰國詩歌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 泰國詩歌 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰國詩歌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-四索番克隆詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#四索番克隆詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.1 四索番克隆詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-四索番克隆詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-奧德詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#奧德詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 奧德詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-奧德詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加扎勒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加扎勒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 加扎勒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加扎勒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体裁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体裁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 体裁 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-体裁-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关体裁子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-体裁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-敍事詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#敍事詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 敍事詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-敍事詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-抒情詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#抒情詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 抒情詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-抒情詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-史詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 史詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-諷刺詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#諷刺詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 諷刺詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-諷刺詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-挽歌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#挽歌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 挽歌 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-挽歌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-寓言詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#寓言詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 寓言詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-寓言詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戲劇詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戲劇詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 戲劇詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戲劇詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-思辨詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#思辨詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 思辨詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-思辨詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-散文詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#散文詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 散文詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-散文詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輕詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輕詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 輕詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輕詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滿貫詩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滿貫詩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 滿貫詩 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-滿貫詩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代詩爭論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代詩爭論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 現代詩爭論 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代詩爭論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 相關條目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 延伸阅读 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 註釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 参考文献 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关参考文献子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-註腳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註腳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 註腳 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註腳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 延伸閱讀 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关延伸閱讀子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-選集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#選集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 選集 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-選集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">诗歌</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。190种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" > 190种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%ABsie" title="Poësie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Poësie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesie" title="Poesie – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Poesie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%85%E1%8A%94" title="ቅኔ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቅኔ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ADa" title="Poesía – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Poesía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_(%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8)" title="شعر (أدب) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعر (أدب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شيعر – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شيعر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شعر – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কবিতা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কবিতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ADa" title="Poesía – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poesía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कविता – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कविता" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarawi" title="Jarawi – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jarawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeziya" title="Poeziya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Poeziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شعر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شعر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D2%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82" title="Шиғриәт – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шиғриәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puoez%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Puoezėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Puoezėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawitdawit" title="Rawitdawit – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rawitdawit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паэзія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паэзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паэзія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паэзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sair" title="Sair – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sair" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поезия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Поезия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="कबिताई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कबिताई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কবিতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কবিতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%99%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%82" title="སྙན་ངག – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྙན་ངག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কবিতা – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কবিতা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barzhoniezh" title="Barzhoniezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Barzhoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezija" title="Poezija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poezija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Puisi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Уран шүлэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран шүлэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%AD" title="Sĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Поэзи – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Поэзи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak" title="Balak – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Balak" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AA%E1%8E%B8_%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%AE%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᏗᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᏗᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شیعر – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیعر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puesia" title="Puesia – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Puesia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiiriyet" title="Şiiriyet – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şiiriyet" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezie" title="Poezie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poezie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Поэзи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Поэзи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barddoniaeth" title="Barddoniaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Barddoniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesi" title="Poesi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Poesi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesie" title="Poesie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Poesie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ir" title="Şıir – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şıir" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisindiron" title="Sisindiron – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sisindiron" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ποίηση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ποίηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Poetry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezio" title="Poezio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ADa" title="Poesía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poesía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luule" title="Luule – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luule" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olerkigintza" title="Olerkigintza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olerkigintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ADa" title="Poesía – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Poesía" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شعر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شعر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runous" title="Runous – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Runous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9sie" title="Poésie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poésie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%ABzy" title="Poëzy – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poëzy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%ADocht" title="Filíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Filíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" title="詩 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="詩" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9zi" title="Poézi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Poézi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0rdachd" title="Bàrdachd – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bàrdachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ADa" title="Poesía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Poesía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDpoty" title="Ñe'ẽpoty – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽpoty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कविता – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कविता" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeleeaght" title="Feeleeaght – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feeleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%C6%99a" title="Waƙa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Waƙa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Sṳ̂ – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="שירה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="काव्य – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काव्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Poetry" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezija" title="Poezija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poezija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwezi" title="Pwezi – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwezi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lt%C3%A9szet" title="Költészet – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Költészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պոեզիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոեզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesie" title="Poesie – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Poesie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bu" title="Ábu – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ábu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandaniw" title="Dandaniw – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dandaniw" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Оазарле – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оазарле" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezio" title="Poezio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Poezio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3%C3%B0list" title="Ljóðlist – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljóðlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" title="詩 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="詩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puoychri" title="Puoychri – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puoychri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pemci" title="pemci – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pemci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geguritan" title="Geguritan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Geguritan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პოეზია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოეზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeziya" title="Poeziya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Poeziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C9%A3a_mat%CA%8A_t%C9%94m" title="Keɣa matʊ tɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Keɣa matʊ tɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поэзия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Поэзия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕವನ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C_(%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99)" title="시 (문학) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시 (문학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поэзия – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Поэзия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%B2%DB%8C%D9%90%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شٲیِری – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شٲیِری" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbest" title="Helbest – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Helbest" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardhonieth" title="Bardhonieth – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bardhonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поэзия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поэзия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%ABsis" title="Poësis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Poësis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeziya" title="Poeziya – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Poeziya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%ABzie" title="Poëzie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Poëzie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poexia" title="Poexia – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Poexia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poejia" title="Poejia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Poejia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puesia" title="Puesia – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Puesia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ກາບກອນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາບກອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezija" title="Poezija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Poezija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzeja" title="Dzeja – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzeja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="काव्य – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="काव्य" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Валморамась – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Валморамась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4ezia" title="Pôezia – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pôezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Мурпаша – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мурпаша" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Поезија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Поезија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4" title="കവിത – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവിത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Шүлэг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шүлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95" title="ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%97%E1%80%BB" title="ကဗျ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကဗျ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कविता – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कविता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%C5%BCija" title="Poeżija – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Poeżija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesie" title="Poesie – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Poesie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichtk%C3%BCnst" title="Dichtkünst – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dichtkünst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कविता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कविता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%81" title="चिनाखँ – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनाखँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%ABzie" title="Poëzie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Poëzie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikt" title="Dikt – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dikt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesi" title="Poesi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Poesi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pou%C3%A9sie" title="Pouésie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pouésie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runohus" title="Runohus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Runohus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walaloo" title="Walaloo – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Walaloo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="କାବ୍ୟ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାବ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Поэзи – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Поэзи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਵਿਤਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਵਿਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawat%C3%A1san" title="Kawatásan – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kawatásan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9sie" title="Poésie – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Poésie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezja" title="Poezja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poezja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poes%C3%ACa" title="Poesìa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Poesìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شاعری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شاعری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CE%BD" title="Ποιητικήν – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ποιητικήν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="شعر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شعر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poesia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harawi" title="Harawi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Harawi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezie" title="Poezie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poezie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поэзия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поэзия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Поезія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Поезія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="काव्यम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="काव्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8" title="ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮᱸ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮᱸ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Poetry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="شاعري – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شاعري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezija" title="Poezija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poezija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="කාව්‍යය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාව්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poetry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A9zia" title="Poézia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poézia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesni%C5%A1tvo" title="Pesništvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pesništvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabay" title="Gabay – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gabay" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezia" title="Poezia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Poezia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Поезија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поезија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkondlo" title="Bunkondlo – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Bunkondlo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichtenge" title="Dichtenge – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Dichtenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Puisi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poesi" title="Poesi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Poesi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushairi" title="Ushairi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ushairi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="கவிதை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கவிதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF" title="కవి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కవి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Назм – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Назм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C" title="กวีนิพนธ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กวีนิพนธ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panulaan" title="Panulaan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panulaan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poko" title="Poko – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Poko" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiir" title="Şiir – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şiir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/VUTLHOKOVETSERI" title="VUTLHOKOVETSERI – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="VUTLHOKOVETSERI" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Шигърият – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шигърият" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1" title="شېئىر – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شېئىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Поезія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поезія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شاعری – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاعری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/She%CA%BCriyat" title="Sheʼriyat – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sheʼriyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poezia" title="Poezia – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Poezia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoi%C5%A1t" title="Runoišt – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Runoišt" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%A1" title="Thơ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichtkunste" title="Dichtkunste – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Dichtkunste" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poedav" title="Poedav – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Poedav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powezeye" title="Powezeye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Powezeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siday" title="Siday – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siday" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%97" title="诗 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პოეზია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოეზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="דיכטונג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דיכטונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%AC" title="Ewì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ewì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sei" title="Sei – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sei" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" title="詩 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="詩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koa-si" title="Koa-si – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koa-si" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="詩歌 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="詩歌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poetry" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" hreflang="zh">维基语录</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q482" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="詩歌">詩歌</a>）</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>此条目页的主題是一种文体形式。关于中國最早的詩歌總集，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a>。 (2011年4月20日) 请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。 致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">"诗歌"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C%22">图像</a>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻译标记"><img alt="翻译标记" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目目前正依照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Poetry">en:Poetry</a>上的内容进行<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:翻译请求">翻译</a>。 (2021年7月2日) 如果您擅长翻译，並清楚本條目的領域，欢迎协助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit">翻譯、改善或校对本條目</a>。 此外，长期闲置、未翻譯或影響閱讀的内容可能会被移除。目前的翻译进度为： <table> <tbody><tr> <td><table role="presentation" style="width:30em;border:1px solid #CCC;border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td title="done" data-value="61" style="width:61%;background:green;height:1em;padding:0"></td><td title="" data-value="39" style="width:39%;background:transparent;height:1em;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>61% </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" width="151px" style="padding:0.1em;both;float:right;margin:1px 1px 0.5em 0.5em;border:#cccccc 2px solid;background:#efefef;text-align:center" class="editsection"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#bcbcbc"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Liji2_no_bg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Liji2_no_bg.png/175px-Liji2_no_bg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Liji2_no_bg.png/263px-Liji2_no_bg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Liji2_no_bg.png/350px-Liji2_no_bg.png 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="1092" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" title="韻文">韻文</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%A2%E6%96%87" title="駢文">駢文</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">詩</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="词 (文学)">詞</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9B%B2" title="元曲">曲</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%A9%9E" title="歌詞">歌詞</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="小说">小說</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="短篇小说">短篇小说</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="長篇小說">長篇小說</a>） - <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="傳記">傳記</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="儿童文学">兒童文學</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE" title="文学流派">文學流派</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="西方文學理論">西方文學理論</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="文学史">文學史</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cdcdcd">地域文學 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊文学">古希腊文学</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古罗马文学">古罗马文学</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="古埃及文學">古埃及文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="爱尔兰文学">爱尔兰文学</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="義大利語文學">義大利文學</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="西班牙文学">西班牙文学</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中国文学">中国文学</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="香港文學">香港文學</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="台灣文學">台湾文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="美国文学">美国文学</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="英國文學">英國文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="德國文學">德國文學</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="法语文学">法国文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="朝鲜文学">朝鲜文学</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="韩国文学">韩国文学</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="印度文学">印度文学</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="波斯文学">伊朗文学</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="日本文学">日本文学</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="越南文學">越南文学</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="非洲文學">非洲文學</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="俄罗斯文学">俄国文学</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cdcdcd">作家 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA%E5%AE%B6" title="小說家">小說家</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AE%B6" title="散文家">隨筆家</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A7%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="剧作家">剧作家</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%B6" title="評論家">評論家</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">诗人</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">詞人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%9B%B2%E5%AE%B6" title="作曲家">作曲家</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E8%A9%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="填詞人">填詞人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AE%B6" title="散文家">散文家</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="网络作家">網路作家</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cdcdcd">分類 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:文学">文學</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國文學">各國文學</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:文學類型">文學類型</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%AB%94%E8%A3%81" title="Category:文學體裁">文學體裁</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:作家">作家</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="Category:文学角色">登場人物</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE" title="Category:文学流派">文学流派</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> 诗歌（英語：poetry）是一种有节奏和韵律、表达凝练、结构多样、用于反映生活和表达情感的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>体裁<a href="#cite_note-高教文学概论-1">[1]</a>。诗歌被认为是文学最初的起源，其最初发生于尚未有文字的人类社会，以口语的形式流传，并与音乐、舞蹈结合<a href="#cite_note-高教文学概论-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>。最早的诗歌可以追溯到史前时代非洲的狩猎诗<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。较为早期的诗歌包括：中国的古代民歌《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗经</a>》；建于公元前25世纪的非洲金字塔中发现的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94%E9%93%AD%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金字塔铭文（页面不存在）">金字塔铭文</a>；西亚美索不达米亚文明的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%8E%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="吉尔伽美什史诗">吉尔伽美什史诗</a>》；<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="梵语文学">梵语文学</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀">吠陀</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">祆教</a>文学里的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E8%96%A9" title="伽薩">伽薩</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="荷马史诗">荷马史诗</a>，包括《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9" title="伊利亚特">伊利亚特</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="奥德赛">奥德赛</a>》。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>的《詩學》曾企圖界定詩歌，主要聚焦於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%AD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="修辭學">修辭</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="歌曲">歌曲</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87" title="喜劇">喜劇</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="台词">措辭</a>的運用。後來人們認為詩的特點在於可以吟誦，以及如字句段落的格式與韻律的要求，並強調詩的美感，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" title="韻文">韻文</a>，以此與<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a>相區別。至二十世紀中期，詩的定義轉為寬鬆，即以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>作的基本創作。詩能夠自成一格，也能與其他藝術相結合，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩劇（页面不存在）">詩劇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%A9%9E" title="歌詞">歌詞</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A9" title="散文詩">散文詩</a>，文字配上<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a>則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="歌">歌</a>。诗歌将观察、意识等结合，以正式或者非正式的、有韵律的形式表达。诗歌所表达的内容与情感范围很广，包含敘述性、戲劇性、諷刺性、訓誡式、情色和個人形式等等<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩的歷史（页面不存在）">詩的歷史</a></div> 詩来源于上古人类的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="原始宗教">原始宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="神话">神话</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E5%82%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="口傳文學">口传文学</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B7%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳动号子（页面不存在）">劳动号子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="民歌">民歌</a>。古時很多詩是可以歌唱的，诗常和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐">音乐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈">舞蹈</a>结合在一起，因此亦稱为「诗歌」。 最早有紀載的詩歌是公元前2150年的《吉尔伽美什》。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀">吠陀</a>》(1700-1200 BC) 。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>時期開始有詩歌，著名的诗人有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC" title="荷马">荷马</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="萨福">萨福</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平达（页面不存在）">平达</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>時間著名的詩人有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%BE%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="卡图鲁斯">卡图鲁斯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维尔吉（页面不存在）">维尔吉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a>等。一些長篇的詩歌描述了歷史和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="神話">神話</a>故事，又稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="史詩">史詩</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>的《詩學》開始對詩作出論述，其著作對後來歐洲和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a>的詩歌都有影響。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>時<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>的儀式中常常會吟誦<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="聖詩">聖詩</a>，民間亦常常有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E5%90%9F%E8%A9%A9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="遊吟詩人">遊吟詩人</a>到處唱誦詩歌。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興時期">文藝復興時期</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>有著名詩人和劇作家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="莎士比亞">莎士比亞</a>(1564-1616)創作了不少<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="十四行詩">十四行詩</a>，在他的戲劇中也有不少詩歌。之後產生了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85%E8%AF%97" title="抒情诗">抒情詩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%9B%AD%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="田园诗">田園詩</a>等類型，直到二十世紀中期，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="現代詩">現代詩</a>的定義轉為寬鬆，即以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>作的基本創作。近代更有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數字詩（页面不存在）">數字詩</a>興起。現在詩常常發表於專門雜誌（如西方最古老的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩 (雜誌)（页面不存在）">詩</a>》與《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛津詩歌（页面不存在）">牛津詩歌</a>》）、個人作品集、眾作家詩選集、與英美詩歌翻譯選輯<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/author_provided/201108/0830.pdf">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">永久失效連結</a>]等。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="文言韻文">中国诗</a>很多時稱為「詩詞」或「<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%9E%E6%AD%8C%E8%B3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="詩詞歌賦">詩詞歌賦</a>」。中國的詩詞有悠久的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="历史">历史</a>，早期的詩詞有《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗经</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%BE%9E" title="楚辞">楚辞</a>》和汉《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="乐府">乐府</a>》等。據<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>統計《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="左傳">左傳</a>》引《诗经》有二百一十七處<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>。詩詞有一定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%8B" title="格律">格律</a>要求，據考證有不少詩詞本來是可以歌唱的，但大多數音樂已經失傳。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原理">原理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：原理">编辑</a>]</div> 詩除了表達作者的思想和情感，亦反映社会文化，富於想象，語言具有節奏韻律，傳統的詩歌亦常常對結構格式有一定要求。詩的特點在於除了可以閱讀，亦宜於<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9F%E8%AA%A6" title="吟誦">吟誦</a>，又或者和其它藝術形式結合表演。詩常透過特定的形象和技巧，讓字詞除了表面意義之外，蘊含另一層意義，或喚起情感共鳴。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="節奏">節奏</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：節奏">编辑</a>]</div> 傳統的詩被稱作<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" title="韻文">韻文</a>(verse)，和散文(prose)不同之處在於有獨特的結構、節奏和韻律。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="欧洲语言">歐洲語言</a>的字詞本身有重輕音節的區別，因此西方的詩也特別著重字詞的節奏(rhythm)。從希臘時代開始，不少的詩由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%95%E9%87%8D%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輕重格（页面不存在）">輕重格</a>(抑揚格，iamb)或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E8%BC%95%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重輕格（页面不存在）">重輕格</a>(揚抑格，trochee)等的節拍(meter)組成。而在中國，由於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>的詞語本身可以由兩字或三字等組合而成，例如一句七字句的詩詞常常可以分作「四、三」或「二、二、三」的詞組。由於這種特性，每個詞組之間唸起來自然形成短的停頓，形成中國詩詞獨特的節奏感。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韻律">韻律</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：韻律">编辑</a>]</div> 無論西方或中國的詩都注重字詞的聲韻，常常利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BC%E9%9F%BB" title="押韻">押韻</a>將句子的結尾關聯起來。漢語本身有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a>聲調的分別，因此不少詩詞對字句的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>有一定的格式要求，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%8B" title="格律">格律</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="結構">結構</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：結構">编辑</a>]</div> 傳統詩對每一句的字節的數目，以及句子的數目都有一定的格式要求，利用整齊的句子或不規則的長短句來達致節奏上的美感，如西方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="十四行詩">十四行詩</a>，和中國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="近體詩">近體詩</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A8%80%E7%B5%95%E5%8F%A5" title="五言絕句">五言绝句</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E8%A8%80%E5%BE%8B%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="七言律詩">七言律詩</a>等格式。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="技巧">技巧</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：技巧">编辑</a>]</div> 詩常常會利用字詞、句子和段落的組合來賦予涵義的層次性和關聯，亦會透過<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%B6" title="对偶">對仗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%AF%94" title="排比">排比</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E5%AD%97" title="疊字">疊字</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8A%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疊句（页面不存在）">疊句</a>等技巧來表現美感。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BC%E9%9F%BB" title="押韻">押韻</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E5%A5%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="節奏">節奏</a>除了營造音樂般的效果，亦可以達到聯想和共鳴的功用。 在內容上詩歌常常運用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%96%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="隱喻">隱喻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%AC%E5%96%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="譬喻">譬喻</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E5%96%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="借喻">借喻</a>等等手法來暗示一些文字以外的意義，透過對景物的描寫來加強想像，甚至可以創造兩個迴然相異的意象互相輝映，如運用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="歧義性">歧義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="象徵主義">象徵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%AB%B7" title="反諷">反諷</a>等「詩的語言」的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="文体学">文體</a>手法，使詩作遺留多樣、自由的解釋空間。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形式">形式</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：形式">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A9%A9%E9%AB%94" title="Category:詩體">Category:詩體</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2490" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%AF%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="卡累利阿共和国">卡累利阿</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="索爾塔瓦拉">索爾塔瓦拉</a>Kolmikulmanpuisto Park內的佩特里·謝梅卡（一名符文歌手）雕像</figcaption></figure> 不少文化建立不同形式的詩歌。在發展較完善的詩體中，一首詩的押韻方法、韻律和其他元素受詩體自身的規則所限。由挽歌只規限詩歌的寫法，至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92" title="加扎勒">加扎勒</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%85%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維拉內拉詩（页面不存在）">維拉內拉詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanelle" class="extiw" title="en:Villanelle">Villanelle</a>）的一種高度規範化的格式，不同的詩體對於上述元素的限制既可寬鬆，亦可嚴緊。下文僅列出一些常見且廣泛應用於多種語言的詩歌形式，至於其他形式的詩歌，則請參閱有關不同文化或時期的詩歌條目，又或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩歌術語表（页面不存在）">這個術語表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_poetry_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of poetry terms">Glossary of poetry terms</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="十四行詩">十四行詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：十四行詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%97" title="十四行诗">十四行诗</a></div> 在常見詩歌形式中，十四行詩在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a>起成為其中一種受歡迎的詩歌形式，而其在十三世紀起漸漸被標準化成一種長度為十四行，且對押韻及邏輯有一套標準的詩歌。打從十四世紀及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="義大利文藝復興">義大利文藝復興</a>起，這種形式在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗切斯科·彼特拉克">弗朗切斯科·彼特拉克</a>的筆下更進一步結晶化（其作品於十六世紀時，被<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%80%80%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9" title="托马斯·怀亚特">托马斯·怀亚特</a>翻譯成英語。托馬斯亦因將十四行詩引入至英語文學界而被受讚揚）<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。傳統意式或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼特拉克式十四行詩（页面不存在）">彼特拉克式十四行詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarchan_sonnet" class="extiw" title="en:Petrarchan sonnet">Petrarchan sonnet</a>）遵從「ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE」這種押韻規律，縱使部份變體（當中最常見的為「CDCDCD」規律，尤其於最後六行詩句<a href="#cite_note-7">[註 1]</a>）亦常見<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a>。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%97" title="十四行诗">英式（或莎士比亞式）十四行詩</a>則遵從「ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG」這種押韻規律，當中包含了第三組<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%97" title="四行诗">四行诗</a>（以四行為一組）、詩末的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%8F%A5" title="对句">对句</a>，以及從傳統意式十四行詩繼承而來的多元韻腳舖排。在傳統上，以英語編寫的十四行詩常為採用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A5%E6%8A%91%E6%8F%9A%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五音步抑揚格（页面不存在）">五音步抑揚格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" class="extiw" title="en:Iambic pentameter">Iambic pentameter</a>），而在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>編寫的詩歌中，則以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十一音節（页面不存在）">十一音節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendacasyllable" class="extiw" title="en:Hendacasyllable">Hendacasyllable</a>）及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%A9%A9%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷山大詩體（页面不存在）">亞歷山大詩體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrine" class="extiw" title="en:Alexandrine">Alexandrine</a>）（或稱「六音步抑揚格」）為最常用的韻律。 各種十四行詩常常使用「轉折」（volta）以表達思想的變化、回答／提出問題，又或引伸出更複雜的主題。這「轉折」通常可採用一個「but」字句，將較早行句中的內容否定化或複雜化。在彼特拉克式十四行詩中，這種轉折傾向放於首兩組四行詩及最後六行之間，唯英式十四行詩則通常將之放在最後的對句中或其附近。 十四行詩在某些特別場合中與「崇高的詩意措辭」（high poetic diction）、「想像生動」（vivid imagery）及「浪漫愛情」（romantic love）所連繫，主要原因是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗切斯科·彼特拉克">弗朗切斯科·彼特拉克</a>的影響及早期英語文學圈中的十四行詩人如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%BE%E5%A1%9E" title="埃德蒙·斯宾塞">埃德蒙·斯宾塞</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E5%A1%9E%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯賓塞式十四行詩（页面不存在）">斯賓塞式十四行詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spenserian_sonnet" class="extiw" title="en:Spenserian sonnet">Spenserian sonnet</a>）正是以他為名）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E9%A1%BF" title="迈克尔·德雷顿">迈克尔·德雷顿</a>及莎士比亞，當中尤以最後者的十四行詩在英語詩歌中最為知名，而其中20部作品亦被收錄在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛津英語詩集（页面不存在）">牛津英語詩集</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_English_Verse" class="extiw" title="en:The Oxford Book of English Verse">The Oxford Book of English Verse</a>）》中。<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a>然而，轉折手法所衍生的變化與轉變對不少主題帶來一種邏輯上的靈活性。<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a>從古至今，不少十四行詩詩人均善用這種形式以表達對於政治（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BC%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·弥尔顿">约翰·弥尔顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%9B%AA%E8%8E%B1" title="珀西·比希·雪莱">珀西·比希·雪莱</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%87%B1%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克勞德·麥凱伊（页面不存在）">克勞德·麥凱伊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluade_McKay" class="extiw" title="en:Cluade McKay">Cluade McKay</a>））、神學（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·多恩">约翰·多恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="杰拉尔德·曼利·霍普金斯">杰拉尔德·曼利·霍普金斯</a>）、戰爭（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87" title="威爾弗雷德·歐文">威爾弗雷德·歐文</a>、<a href="/wiki/E%C2%B7E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF" title="E·E·卡明斯">E·E·卡明斯</a>）上，又或與「性」相關（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E8%8F%B2" title="卡罗尔·安·达菲">卡罗尔·安·达菲</a>）的話題。另外，部份如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰德·貝里根（页面不存在）">泰德·貝里根</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Berrigan" class="extiw" title="en:Ted Berrigan">Ted Berrigan</a>）及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·貝里曼（页面不存在）">約翰·貝里曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Berryman" class="extiw" title="en:John Berryman">John Berryman</a>）的後現代作者突破十四行詩形式的傳統定義，並完整演譯一種常常缺乏押韻、清晰的思維發展，甚或遵從既有的行數限制（十四行）的「十四行詩」。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakespeare.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="莎士比亞的十四行詩作品在英語詩歌圈中為數一數二的知名"><img alt="莎士比亞的十四行詩作品在英語詩歌圈中為數一數二的知名" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/94px-Shakespeare.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/140px-Shakespeare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/187px-Shakespeare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2489" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="威廉·莎士比亚">莎士比亞</a>的十四行詩作品在英語詩歌圈中為數一數二的知名</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Carol_Ann_Duffy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="卡罗尔·安·达菲曾是英國桂冠詩人之一，曾經以十四行詩的方式諷刺2009年英國國會開支醜聞（英语：United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal）"><img alt="卡罗尔·安·达菲曾是英國桂冠詩人之一，曾經以十四行詩的方式諷刺2009年英國國會開支醜聞（英语：United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg/139px-Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg/185px-Carol_Ann_Duffy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="730" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E8%8F%B2" title="卡罗尔·安·达菲">卡罗尔·安·达菲</a>曾是英國桂冠詩人之一，曾經以十四行詩的方式諷刺<a href="/w/index.php?title=2009%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%96%8B%E6%94%AF%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009年英國國會開支醜聞（页面不存在）">2009年英國國會開支醜聞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_parliamentary_expenses_scandal" class="extiw" title="en:United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal">United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal</a>）</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國古典詩歌">中國古典詩歌</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：中國古典詩歌">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中国古典诗歌">中国古典诗歌</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dufucalligraphy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Dufucalligraphy.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>是唐代其中一位著名詩人，曾著有古詩《冬日洛城北谒玄元皇帝庙》</figcaption></figure> 詩歌是中國文化的一個重要表現和載體，亦是中國歷史最為悠久的文學體裁。中国传统的古典诗歌（古诗）和后来受西方诗歌影响的新诗（现代诗，自由诗）有很大的不同。 早期的中国诗歌，从春秋时期的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗经</a>，到汉代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="乐府">乐府</a>，格律上都较为自由。魏晋时期，诗歌创作更加成熟，但诗歌格律仍没有后世严格。诗歌行數和每行的字數可不限。压韵是必须的，但平仄和对仗都不甚讲究。这样的诗歌后来被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%97" title="古体诗">古体诗</a>。中國詩歌最鼎盛的時期是唐朝(618-907年)。这一时期出现了格律严格的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%97" title="近体诗">近体诗</a>。“唐诗”被视为中国文学史上的高峰。 成熟时期的中国古典诗歌（以近体诗为代表），在格律上有相当严格的要求。一般而言以四行（又稱「<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E5%8F%A5" title="绝句">绝句</a>」）或八行（又稱「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E8%AF%97" title="律诗">律诗</a>」）為常見，並以雙數句為押韻句。一首詩每行的字數受詩體的字數限制而定，大多為五言或七言。<a href="#cite_note-Burton-11">[10]</a>:1-2, 15-18 「近體詩」一名早於沈约（公元441-513年）在世之時已有理論基礎，唯要待<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AD%90%E6%98%82" title="陳子昂">陳子昂</a>（公元661-702年）在世之時才算是發展成熟。<a href="#cite_note-Burton-11">[10]</a>:111, 115近體詩格律對平仄有規定。所谓平仄，包括但不限於對<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a>之規律與使用。近體詩的基本形式律詩有八行，每两行为一联，称为首聯、頷聯、頸聯和尾聯。其中頷聯、頸聯需用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BB%97" class="mw-redirect" title="对仗">对仗</a>。对仗要求內容有對比關係，且語法上也符合對偶規定。近體詩通常用詞、引喻豐富，且內容可為廣泛，包括歷史與政治。<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐代</a>（八世紀）詩人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>（公元712-770年）是最为著名的近体诗人之一。<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> 唐朝之后，诗的变种 — <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="词 (文学)">词</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9B%B2" title="元曲">曲</a>得倒了很大发展。词的创作在宋代达到鼎盛。在中国文学史上，“宋词”是与“唐诗”并称的文学成就。曲是元代的诗歌主流，所以也被称为“元曲”。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="維拉內拉詩">維拉內拉詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：維拉內拉詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%86%85%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维拉内拉诗（页面不存在）">维拉内拉诗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanelle" class="extiw" title="en:Villanelle">Villanelle</a>）</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AudenVanVechten1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AudenVanVechten1939.jpg/220px-AudenVanVechten1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AudenVanVechten1939.jpg/330px-AudenVanVechten1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AudenVanVechten1939.jpg/440px-AudenVanVechten1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="1323" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯坦·休·奥登">威斯坦·休·奥登</a>是英語文化圈中其中一位俳句詩人代表</figcaption></figure> 維拉內拉詩是一種由五個三行聯句組成，並以四行詩節作結的十九行詩歌。該詩歌形式的特色在於擁有兩段副歌：這些副歌初用於詩歌首節的第一及第三句，其後於各節的末段中交替使用（唯不包含末節，因該節以兩段副歌作結）；而其餘的詩句則以a-b的方式交替押韻。<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a>自十九世紀晚期起，維拉內拉詩漸漸於英語世界中成為常用的詩歌形式，而著名詩人計有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF" title="狄兰·托马斯">狄兰·托马斯</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯坦·休·奥登">威斯坦·休·奥登</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E6%99%93%E6%99%AE" title="伊丽莎白·毕晓普">伊丽莎白·毕晓普</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="五行打油詩">五行打油詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：五行打油詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%89%93%E6%B2%B9%E8%AF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五行打油诗（页面不存在）">五行打油诗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" class="extiw" title="en:Limerick (poetry)">Limerick (poetry)</a>）</div> 五行打油詩是一種經常帶有幽默氣息的五行詩歌。節奏感於五行打油詩顯得尤為重要，皆因第一、二及五行須有七至十個音節，但第三、四行則只需五至七個音節；與此同時，各行之間必須押韻及擁有相同的韻律。五行打油詩的著名詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%88%BE" title="愛德華·利爾">愛德華·利爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="丁尼生">丁尼生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E6%9E%97" title="魯德亞德·吉卜林">魯德亞德·吉卜林</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE" title="羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森">羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森</a>。<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="短歌">短歌</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：短歌">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E6%AD%8C" title="短歌">短歌</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg/220px-Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg/330px-Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg/440px-Kakinomoto_Hitomaro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%BF%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%BA%BB%E5%91%82" title="柿本人麻呂">柿本人麻呂</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a>的短歌詩人</figcaption></figure> 短歌是一種不講求押韻的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本詩歌（页面不存在）">日本詩歌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese poetry">Japanese poetry</a>），由五節共31個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9F%BB%E5%BE%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音 (日本韻律)（页面不存在）">音</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_(Japanese_prosody)" class="extiw" title="en:On (Japanese prosody)">On (Japanese prosody)</a>）（音系學單位，與英語圈中的「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%8B%8D" title="音拍">音拍</a>」相同），以「5-7-5-7-7」結構組成。<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a>在前半段的5-7-5結構與後半段的7-7結構之間，通常會有一個音調與主題的轉變。早於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a>，已有諸如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%BF%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%BA%BB%E5%91%82" title="柿本人麻呂">柿本人麻呂</a>（七世紀後期在世）等詩人創作短歌，而當時日本詩歌界正受中國詩歌影響。<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a>短歌原是日本正式詩歌（一般指「<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="和歌">和歌</a>」）中最短者，並常用以探索自我而非公共主題。至十世紀，短歌成為日本詩歌的最主要形態，而既有的用語「和歌」（日本詩歌）則用以代表短歌，而無他者。到了現在，人們仍有廣泛創作新的短歌作品。<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俳句">俳句</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：俳句">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B3%E5%8F%A5" title="俳句">俳句</a></div> 俳句是在各種不講求押韻的日本詩歌中最為流行的一種詩歌形式，在十七世紀從<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%8F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="發句">發句</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%8F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="连句">連句</a>（日语：<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%8F%A5" class="extiw" title="ja:連句">連句</a>）的首段詩節）發展而成。一般而言，一首俳句以一直行寫畢，並包含三節共17個音（或「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%8B%8D" title="音拍">音拍</a>」），以5-7-5形式排列。傳統而言，俳句包含一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切字（页面不存在）">切字</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kireji" class="extiw" title="en:Kireji">Kireji</a>）及一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="季語">季語</a>，當中前者常放於全詩其中一節之末端。<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%89" title="松尾芭蕉">松尾芭蕉</a>為一最知名的俳句名匠，而他其中一首作品如下：<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> 「富士の風や扇にのせて江戸土産」 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>整句可譯作：</li> <li>富士山的風</li> <li>我給自己帶了把扇！</li> <li>（這把扇）是一份來自江戶的禮物</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="泰國詩歌">泰國詩歌</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：泰國詩歌">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰國詩歌（页面不存在）">泰國詩歌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Thai poetry">Thai poetry</a>）</div> 克隆詩（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：โคลง）是云云泰國詩歌形式中最舊者。這能從該詩體對特定音節的音調記號（需以「mai ek」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：ไม้เอก）或「mai tho」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：ไม้โท）標記）之要求中反映，而這種規定或可能從泰語只有三個音調（而非現時的五個音調，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9C%E9%99%80%E8%80%B6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="阿瑜陀耶王国">阿瑜陀耶王国</a>時期曾對泰語音調進行拆分）的時候衍生出來，當中兩個音調正正就是代表上述兩個音調記號。這種形式通常會被視為一種高級且高雅的詩歌形式。<a href="#cite_note-Hudak-khloong-25">[24]</a> 在克隆詩中，一個詩節（「bot」，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：บท）中有數行（「bat」，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：บาท，出自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a>的「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A5_(%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="步 (梵語)（页面不存在）">pāda</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pada_(foot)" class="extiw" title="en:Pada (foot)">Pada (foot)</a>）」一詞，解作「步」），而行數之多寡視乎形式而定；當中一個「bat」可分為兩個「wak」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：วรรค）。<a href="#cite_note-26">[註 2]</a>首個「wak」有五個音節，而第二個「wak」的音節數量則視乎形式而定，可能沒有硬性規定。克隆詩的形式命名視乎一個詩節中的「bat」數量而定，亦可分為兩大類：索番克隆詩（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：โคลงสุภาพ）及丹克隆詩（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：โคลงดั้น）。二者分別在於最後一個「bat」中第二個「wak」的音節數量，及詩節之間的押韻規定。<a href="#cite_note-Hudak-khloong-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="四索番克隆詩">四索番克隆詩</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：四索番克隆詩">编辑</a>]</div> 四索番克隆詩（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰語</a>：โคลงสี่สุภาพ）是現存泰國詩歌形式中最常見者。該形式在每詩節中有四個「bat」，當中每行的首個「wak」有五個音節，而第一及第三個「bat」的第二個「wak」有兩個或四個音節（而第二及四個「bat」則分別為兩個音節及四個音節）。「Mai ek」需要七個音節，而「Mai tho」則需要四個音節。「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语">死詞</a>」（"Dead word"）音節允許置於需要「mai ek」的音節，而修改串字以符合詩體要求一般而言是允許的。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="奧德詩">奧德詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：奧德詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7_(%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C)" title="奥德 (诗歌)">奥德 (诗歌)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg/220px-Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="438" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg/330px-Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>時期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85%E8%AF%97" title="抒情诗">抒情詩人</a>之一，曾著有《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7_(%E8%B3%80%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧德 (賀拉斯)（页面不存在）">奧德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odes_(Horace)" class="extiw" title="en:Odes (Horace)">Odes (Horace)</a>）》一書</figcaption></figure> 奧德詩是一種最初由一些以古希臘語（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%BE%BE" title="品达">品达</a>）及拉丁語（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a>）寫作的詩人創造出來的詩歌形式。於不少受希臘及拉丁文化影響的文化圈子中，這種詩歌形式衍生出不少形式。<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a>一般而言，一篇奧德詩可分為三個部分：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%97%8B%E8%88%9E%E6%AD%8C" title="正旋舞歌">正旋舞歌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%88%9E%E6%AD%8C" title="回舞歌">回舞歌</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%AD%E5%8F%A5%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF" title="长短句交替">长短句交替</a>。當中回舞歌部份在格律和押韻規律（視乎傳統而定）上與正旋舞歌部份相若，但長短句交替部份則截然不同。奧德詩採用更為正式的措詞，常以嚴肅的主題為主軸。正旋舞歌與回舞歌從另一面看主題，並通常帶有矛盾和觀點；而長短句交替則將主題推進一層，針對內裡問題進行觀察或解析。奧德詩通常供兩支合唱隊（或兩個人）朗誦或吟唱，其中一支合唱隊（或其中一人）演譯正旋舞歌，另一支（或另一人）則演譯回舞歌，而長短句交替則一同演譯。<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a>時移世易，奧德詩出現了不同的形式，而這些形式在表達形式與結構上亦有頗大的變化。其中一種與奧德詩類似的非西方形式正是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="波斯文学">波斯詩歌</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E7%BB%A5%E8%BE%BE" title="盖绥达">盖绥达</a>。<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加扎勒">加扎勒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：加扎勒">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92" title="加扎勒">加扎勒</a></div> 加扎勒是一種普遍於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯語詩歌（页面不存在）">阿拉伯語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Arabic poetry">Arabic poetry</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟加拉語詩歌（页面不存在）">孟加拉語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Bengali poetry">Bengali poetry</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="波斯文学">波斯語</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏爾都語詩歌（页面不存在）">烏爾都語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Urdu poetry">Urdu poetry</a>）地區的詩歌類型。在傳統格式上，加扎勒有5至15對押韻的對聯，並在第二行末共享一段<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%AD%8C" title="副歌">副歌</a>。這段副歌可為其中一個或多個音節，並以一個押韻作開首。詩歌的每一段均有其獨特的韻律，而內容多數反映無法實現的愛，又或神性的主題。<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> 一如許多語言具有其他且歷史悠久的形式，加扎勒現時已經演變出不同變體，當中包括在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>中具備半音樂形式的詩詞形態。<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a>加扎勒與<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">蘇非主義</a>有著歷史上的密切關係，當中有一定數量的蘇非主義主要宗教作品均採用加扎勒形式寫成。而加扎勒相對平穩的押韻與採用副歌所製造的咒語效果，亦與蘇非主義本身的神祕主題相當吻合。<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a>在此形態的加扎勒詩人之中，尤以13世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">波斯</a>詩人<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%B1%B3" title="鲁米">鲁米</a>為數一數二的高手。而在云云加扎勒詩人之中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%B9" title="哈菲兹">哈菲兹</a>是其中一個最為有名的，而他的作品常常包含曝露偽善的主題。哈菲兹的生活與詩歌作品已成為不少分析、評論和解釋的主題，而其對十四世紀晚期波斯文學創作的影響，更遠高於任何同期作家。<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德">约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德</a>的抒情詩合集《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%B1%E8%A9%A9%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西東詩集（页面不存在）">西東詩集</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%E2%80%93%C3%B6stlicher_Divan" class="extiw" title="en:West–östlicher Divan">West–östlicher Divan</a>）》，創作靈感正是源自這位波斯詩人哈菲兹。<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="体裁">体裁</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：体裁">编辑</a>]</div> 詩歌除了擁有不同的形式外，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E" title="藝術種類">體裁</a>的選用上亦是五花八門。一般而言，一種詩歌體裁往往是對於一篇詩歌的題材、風格，又或在廣泛層面上的文學特徵而訂立的慣例或分類。<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a>部份評論視體裁為文學的自然形態，亦有意見認為體裁研究是一門研究不同的作品如何關連和參照其他作品。<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="敍事詩">敍事詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：敍事詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E8%AF%97" title="叙事诗">叙事诗</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaucer_Hoccleve.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chaucer_Hoccleve.png/220px-Chaucer_Hoccleve.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chaucer_Hoccleve.png/330px-Chaucer_Hoccleve.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chaucer_Hoccleve.png/440px-Chaucer_Hoccleve.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%9F" title="杰弗里·乔叟">杰弗里·乔叟</a>是敍事詩的代表人物之一</figcaption></figure> 敍事詩是一種用作述說故事的詩歌體裁。廣義而言，這種體裁亦包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="史诗">史诗</a>，但「敍事詩」一詞通常則用以形容。有指敍事詩可能是現存最久的詩歌種類。不少<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC" title="荷马">荷马</a>學者認為，荷馬所著的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9" title="伊利亚特">伊利亚特</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="奥德赛">奥德赛</a>》均整合自多篇題材相關，而篇幅較短的敍事詩。大部分敍事詩，如英式<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A3%E6%9B%B2" title="谣曲">谣曲</a>，又或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA" title="波羅的人">波羅的式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫式</a>史詩，是根植於在文字出現之前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%BF%B0%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1" title="口述傳統">口述傳統</a>的一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表演詩（页面不存在）">表演詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Performance poetry">Performance poetry</a>）。據推測，一些區分詩歌與散文的特徵，例如韻律、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="头韵">頭韻</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E9%9A%B1%E5%96%BB%E8%AA%9E" title="日耳曼詩歌中的複合隱喻語">日耳曼詩歌中的複合隱喻語</a>，曾用作<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9F%E6%B8%B8%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="吟游诗人">吟游诗人</a>（背誦傳統故事的人）的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="記憶">記憶</a>輔助工具。<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> 著名敍事詩詩人包括：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7" title="奧維德">奧維德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E9%87%8C" title="但丁·阿利吉耶里">但丁·阿利吉耶里</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡安·魯伊斯（页面不存在）">胡安·魯伊斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ruiz" class="extiw" title="en:Juan Ruiz">Juan Ruiz</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E5%85%B0" title="威廉·朗兰">威廉·朗蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%9F" title="杰弗里·乔叟">杰弗里·乔叟</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="費爾南多·德·羅哈斯（页面不存在）">費爾南多·德·羅哈斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_de_Rojas" class="extiw" title="en:Fernando de Rojas">Fernando de Rojas</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B3%88%E6%A2%85%E5%A3%AB" title="路易·德·賈梅士">路易·德·賈梅士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="威廉·莎士比亚">威廉·莎士比亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%92%B2%E6%9F%8F" title="亚历山大·蒲柏">亚历山大·蒲柏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF" title="羅伯特·伯恩斯">羅伯特·伯恩斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E8%8C%A8%E5%87%AF%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="亚当·密茨凯维奇">亚当·密茨凯维奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金">亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1" title="爱伦·坡">爱伦·坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="丁尼生">丁尼生</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%A3%AE" title="安妮·卡森">安妮·卡森</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="抒情詩">抒情詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：抒情詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85%E8%AF%97" title="抒情诗">抒情诗</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg/220px-Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg/330px-Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg/440px-Christine_de_Pisan_-_cathedra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>抒情詩代表人物之一<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%A1%91" title="克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑">克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑</a>（左）</figcaption></figure> 有別於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="史诗">史诗</a>與戲劇詩，抒情詩是一種不直接，但以更<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="個人">個性化</a>的風格來說故事的詩歌體裁。此類的詩作偏向篇幅較短、旋律優美，且易於令人沉思其中。抒情詩的另一特點是著重於詩人自身的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA" title="感覺">感覺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%B4%A8" title="感质">感质</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="感知">感知</a>，而非在描繪<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="角色">角色</a>和行為。<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a>抒情詩的著名詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%A1%91" title="克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑">克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·多恩">约翰·多恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="夏尔·波德莱尔">夏尔·波德莱尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="杰拉尔德·曼利·霍普金斯">杰拉尔德·曼利·霍普金斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%9F%A5%E5%A4%9A" title="安東尼奧·馬查多">安東尼奧·馬查多</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%81%96%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E8%90%8A" title="埃德娜·聖文森特·米萊">埃德娜·聖文森特·米萊</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史詩">史詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：史詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="史诗">史诗</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam%C3%B5es,_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/220px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/330px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/440px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B3%88%E6%A2%85%E5%A3%AB" title="路易·德·賈梅士">路易·德·賈梅士</a>曾著有史詩《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BF%9F%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="盧濟塔尼亞人之歌">盧濟塔尼亞人之歌</a>》</figcaption></figure> 史詩是詩歌體裁的一種，亦為<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="故事">敍事</a>文學的主要形態。這種體裁通常被定義為一種描繪英雄事蹟，又或反映當時文化的重要本質之長篇詩作。史詩透過連續敍述的方式，講述一個英雄、一個神話人物或一群人物的生平和事蹟。<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a>史詩的例子計有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC" title="荷马">荷马</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9" title="伊利亚特">伊利亚特</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="奥德赛">奥德赛</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="维吉尔">维吉尔</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B6%85%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%AA" title="埃涅阿斯纪">埃涅阿斯纪</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%AF%E9%BE%8D%E6%A0%B9%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="尼伯龍根之歌">尼伯龍根之歌</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B3%88%E6%A2%85%E5%A3%AB" title="路易·德·賈梅士">路易·德·賈梅士</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BF%9F%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="盧濟塔尼亞人之歌">盧濟塔尼亞人之歌</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%99%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="熙德之歌">熙德之歌</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%8E%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="吉尔伽美什史诗">吉尔伽美什史诗</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A" title="摩诃婆罗多">摩诃婆罗多</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%BD%97%E7%89%B9" title="埃利亚斯·伦罗特">埃利亚斯·伦罗特</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%8B%92%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="卡勒瓦拉">卡勒瓦拉</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF" title="菲爾多西">菲爾多西</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E7%B4%80_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97)" title="列王紀 (伊朗)">列王紀</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%8E%E7%B1%B3" title="尼扎米">尼扎米</a>的《康士》（英語：Khamse，解作「五書」）及《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a>》。自20世紀初開始，縱使史詩以至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E7%AF%87%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長篇詩（页面不存在）">長篇詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_poem" class="extiw" title="en:Long poem">Long poem</a>）的創作變得不再活躍，但仍有一些引人注目的史詩作品推出，而這些現代史詩包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="艾兹拉·庞德">艾兹拉·庞德</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E7%AB%A0_(%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%A9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩章 (史詩)（页面不存在）">詩章</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cantos" class="extiw" title="en:The Cantos">The Cantos</a>）》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" title="希尔达·杜利特尔">希尔达·杜利特尔</a>的《海倫在埃及》及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯">威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裴特森（页面不存在）">裴特森</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterson_(poem)" class="extiw" title="en:Paterson (poem)">Paterson (poem)</a>）》。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="德里克·沃尔科特">德里克·沃尔科特</a>於1992年獲得<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔奖">诺贝尔奖</a>，主要原因是其創作的史詩《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E9%BA%A5%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧麥羅（页面不存在）">奧麥羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omeros" class="extiw" title="en:Omeros">Omeros</a>）》。<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="諷刺詩">諷刺詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：諷刺詩">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot,_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg/220px-Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg/330px-Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg/440px-Jacob_Huysmans_-_Portrait_of_John_Wilmot%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Rochester_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="第二代羅徹斯特伯爵約翰·威爾默特">約翰·威爾默特</a>是十七世紀英國諷刺詩的高手之一</figcaption></figure> 詩歌可作為<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BD%E5%88%BA" title="讽刺">讽刺</a>的強力武器。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">羅馬人</a>對於諷刺詩擁有豐厚的傳統，而這些諷刺詩大多用以<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>目的，而羅馬詩人<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="尤维纳利斯">尤维纳利斯</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%B7%E5%88%BA_(%E5%B0%A4%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="諷刺 (尤維納利斯)（页面不存在）">諷刺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satires_(Juvenal)" class="extiw" title="en:Satires (Juvenal)">Satires (Juvenal)</a>）》就是表表者。<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> 此點對於英國諷刺傳統亦無誤。英國首名<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%86%A0%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="桂冠诗人">桂冠诗人</a>、亦為云云<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="托里">托里</a>之一的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·德莱顿">约翰·德莱顿</a>於1682年出版的詩作《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦克·弗莱克诺（页面不存在）">麦克·弗莱克诺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_Flecknoe" class="extiw" title="en:Mac Flecknoe">Mac Flecknoe</a>）》中，有一句「一首對於真正的藍色新教詩人T.S.的諷刺」（"A Satire on the True Blue Protestant Poet, T.S."，當中「T.S.」引用自另一名英國詩人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·沙德維爾（页面不存在）">托馬斯·沙德維爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Shadwell" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Shadwell">Thomas Shadwell</a>）的名字）。<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="第二代羅徹斯特伯爵約翰·威爾默特">第二代羅徹斯特伯爵約翰·威爾默特</a>亦為英國在17世紀的諷刺詩大師。<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a>在英國境外，曾有創作諷刺詩的詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊格納齊·克拉西茨基（页面不存在）">伊格納齊·克拉西茨基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" class="extiw" title="en:Ignacy Krasicki">Ignacy Krasicki</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%89%8E%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米爾扎·阿拉克巴爾·薩比爾（页面不存在）">米爾扎·阿拉克巴爾·薩比爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Alakbar_Sabir" class="extiw" title="en:Mirza Alakbar Sabir">Mirza Alakbar Sabir</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%9A%E8%96%A9%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8D%9A%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼努埃爾·瑪麗亞·巴博薩·杜博卡奇（页面不存在）">曼努埃爾·瑪麗亞·巴博薩·杜博卡奇</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Maria_Barbosa_du_Bocage" class="extiw" title="en:Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage">Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage</a>）及大韓民國的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%B5%B7%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金起林（页面不存在）">金起林</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kirim" class="extiw" title="en:Kim Kirim">Kim Kirim</a>）（以其詩作《天氣圖》尤為著名）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="挽歌">挽歌</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：挽歌">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%BD%E6%AD%8C" title="挽歌">挽歌</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg/220px-PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg/330px-PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg/440px-PortraitThomasGrayByJohnGilesEccart1747to1748.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="托馬斯·格雷">托馬斯·格雷</a>是十八世紀後期「墓地派詩人」之一</figcaption></figure> 挽歌是一首憂傷、憂鬱或悲涼的詩歌，通常作為死者的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%93%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="輓歌">輓歌</a>或用於<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AC%E7%A4%BC" title="葬礼">葬礼</a>的歌曲。「挽歌」二字原為詩歌韻律的一種（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%BD%E6%AD%8C" title="挽歌">挽歌</a>韻律），常以描述關於<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E4%BA%8B" title="喪事">喪事</a>的詩作。另外，「挽歌」或可用以反映某些在作者眼中認為是古怪或神祕的事情。挽歌作為對死者、對更平凡的悲傷，甚或對神祕事物的一種反思，或可被視作抒情詩的一種形態。<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> 著名挽歌詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E4%BD%A9%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="普罗佩提乌斯">普罗佩提乌斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%8E" title="霍赫·曼里奎">霍赫·曼里奎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%93%88%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="揚·科哈諾夫斯基">揚·科哈諾夫斯基</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇迪奧克·蒂奇本（页面不存在）">奇迪奧克·蒂奇本</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidiock_Tichborne" class="extiw" title="en:Chidiock Tichborne">Chidiock Tichborne</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%BE%E5%A1%9E" title="埃德蒙·斯宾塞">埃德蒙·斯宾塞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%90%BC%E7%94%9F" title="本·琼生">本·琼生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BC%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·弥尔顿">约翰·弥尔顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="托馬斯·格雷">托馬斯·格雷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%B4%9B%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夏洛特·特納·史密斯（页面不存在）">夏洛特·特納·史密斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Turner_Smith" class="extiw" title="en:Charlotte Turner Smith">Charlotte Turner Smith</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E6%81%A9%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·卡倫·布萊恩特（页面不存在）">威廉·卡倫·布萊恩特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" class="extiw" title="en:William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%9B%AA%E8%8E%B1" title="珀西·比希·雪莱">珀西·比希·雪莱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德">约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%BB%95%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="葉夫根尼·阿布拉莫維奇·巴拉滕斯基">葉夫根尼·阿布拉莫維奇·巴拉滕斯基</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="丁尼生">丁尼生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="沃尔特·惠特曼">沃尔特·惠特曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%9F%A5%E5%A4%9A" title="安東尼奧·馬查多">安東尼奧·馬查多</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%A2%85%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF" title="胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯">胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E8%8A%9D" title="威廉·巴特勒·叶芝">威廉·巴特勒·叶芝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B" title="莱纳·玛利亚·里尔克">莱纳·玛利亚·里尔克</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%90%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB" title="弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫">弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="寓言詩">寓言詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：寓言詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Krafft_the_Elder_Ignacy_Krasicki_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊格納齊·克拉西茨基（页面不存在）">伊格納齊·克拉西茨基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" class="extiw" title="en:Ignacy Krasicki">Ignacy Krasicki</a>）是寓言詩的代表人物之一</figcaption></figure> 寓言是一種古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%A1%9E" title="文類">文類</a>，通常（縱然不能說「總是」）以<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" title="韻文">韻文</a>形式呈現。它是一種包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96" title="擬人論">擬人</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物">动物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="傳說生物">傳說生物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>、無生命的物體，又或大自然的力量，並述說一個道理（一種「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德">道德</a>」）的簡明故事。寓言詩在創作上會利用不同的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%BE%8B" title="韵律">韵律</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BC%E9%9F%BB" title="押韻">押韻</a>規律。<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> 著名寓言詩詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%B4%A2" title="伊索">伊索</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%97%E6%BF%95%E5%A5%B4%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毗濕奴·夏爾馬（页面不存在）">毗濕奴·夏爾馬</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_Sharma" class="extiw" title="en:Vishnu Sharma">Vishnu Sharma</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%90%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85_(%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斐德羅 (寓言家)（页面不存在）">斐德羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedrus_(faublist)" class="extiw" title="en:Phaedrus (faublist)">Phaedrus (faublist)</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF" title="玛丽·德·法兰西">玛丽·德·法兰西</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%91%9E%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·亨瑞森（页面不存在）">羅伯特·亨瑞森</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henryson" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Henryson">Robert Henryson</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E8%80%B6%E7%B4%8D%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盧布林·比耶納特（页面不存在）">盧布林·比耶納特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biernat_of_Lublin" class="extiw" title="en:Biernat of Lublin">Biernat of Lublin</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%81%E4%B8%B9" title="让·德·拉封丹">让·德·拉封丹</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊格納齊·克拉西茨基（页面不存在）">伊格納齊·克拉西茨基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" class="extiw" title="en:Ignacy Krasicki">Ignacy Krasicki</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%BB%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="費利克斯·瑪麗亞·德·薩馬尼戈（页面不存在）">費利克斯·瑪麗亞·德·薩馬尼戈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Samaniego" class="extiw" title="en:Félix María de Samaniego">Félix María de Samaniego</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E7%BE%85%E4%BD%A9%E8%96%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·伊里亞特·奧羅佩薩（页面不存在）">托馬斯·伊里亞特·奧羅佩薩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Iriarte_y_Oropesa" class="extiw" title="en:Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa">Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·克雷洛夫">伊萬·克雷洛夫</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="安布罗斯·比尔斯">安布罗斯·比尔斯</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戲劇詩">戲劇詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：戲劇詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87%E8%88%87%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩歌戲劇與戲劇詩（页面不存在）">詩歌戲劇與戲劇詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verse_drama_and_dramatic_verse" class="extiw" title="en:Verse drama and dramatic verse">Verse drama and dramatic verse</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7" title="古希腊戏剧">古希腊戏剧</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度傳統戲劇（页面不存在）">印度傳統戲劇</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_drama" class="extiw" title="en:Indian classical drama">Indian classical drama</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2" title="戏曲">戏曲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%89%A7" title="能剧">能剧</a></div> 戲劇詩是由供演員唸讀或唱出的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" title="韻文">韻文</a>寫成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a>。在不同的文化中，戲劇詩會以不同的形式與形態出現。在詩歌中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%82%B2%E5%89%A7" title="古希腊悲剧">古希腊悲剧</a>可追溯至公元前六世紀，而此或對印度傳統戲劇的發展帶來影響<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a>，正如印度戲劇輾轉對中國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%87" title="變文">變文</a>詩歌戲劇（現今<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2" title="戏曲">戏曲</a>的前身）之發展帶來影響。<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">東亞地區</a>的詩歌戲劇亦包括日本的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%89%A7" title="能剧">能剧</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="波斯文学">波斯文学</a>中，戲劇詩的例子包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%8E%E7%B1%B3" title="尼扎米">尼扎米</a>的兩套著名戲劇作品—《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%8B%89%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%9B%E5%90%89%E5%8A%AA" title="莱拉和玛吉努">莱拉和玛吉努</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%9E%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%AD%E7%90%B3" title="霍斯勞和席琳">霍斯勞和席琳</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF" title="菲爾多西">菲爾多西</a>的悲劇作品如《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索赫拉布（页面不存在）">羅斯塔姆和索赫拉布</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohrab" class="extiw" title="en:Sohrab">Sohrab</a>）》、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%B1%B3" title="鲁米">鲁米</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4" title="玛斯纳维">玛斯纳维</a>》、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%AB%E9%AD%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法赫魯丁·阿斯阿德·古爾加尼（页面不存在）">法赫魯丁·阿斯阿德·古爾加尼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhruddin_As%27ad_Gurgani" class="extiw" title="en:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani">Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani</a>）的悲劇作品《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E6%8B%89%E6%95%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維斯和拉敏（页面不存在）">維斯和拉敏</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis_and_R%C4%81min" class="extiw" title="en:Vis and Rāmin">Vis and Rāmin</a>）》，以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%AB%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦希·巴夫奇（页面不存在）">瓦希·巴夫奇</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahshi_Bafqi" class="extiw" title="en:Vahshi Bafqi">Vahshi Bafqi</a>）的作品《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法哈德 (文學作品)（页面不存在）">法哈德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhad" class="extiw" title="en:Farhad">Farhad</a>）》。20世紀的美國詩人將戲劇詩復興，當中包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="艾兹拉·庞德">艾兹拉·庞德</a>的《Sestina: Altaforte,》<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a>和<a href="/wiki/T%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%95%A5%E7%89%B9" title="T·S·艾略特">T·S·艾略特</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E7%91%9E%E5%BE%B7%E2%80%A7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾弗瑞德‧普魯弗洛克的情歌（页面不存在）">阿爾弗瑞德‧普魯弗洛克的情歌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock" class="extiw" title="en:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock">The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock</a>）》。<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="思辨詩">思辨詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：思辨詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%9D%E8%BE%A8%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="思辨詩（页面不存在）">思辨詩</a>（俄语：<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Фантастическая поэзия">Фантастическая поэзия</a>）</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgar_Poe_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Edgar_Poe_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1" title="爱伦·坡">爱伦·坡</a>有時會被視為「思辨詩之父」</figcaption></figure> 思辨詩（又稱「奇妙詩」，當中古怪詩或恐怖詩是其中一個主要子分類）是一種處理「超越現實」主題的詩歌體裁，而這些主題可以來自<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="科幻小说">科幻小说</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%8E%A8" title="外推">外推</a>，又或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E4%BD%88%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐佈小說（页面不存在）">恐佈小說</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a>）中的怪異及可怕主題。這些詩作定期刊載於現代科幻小說作品及恐怖小說雜誌中。有時候，<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1" title="爱伦·坡">爱伦·坡</a>會被視為「思辨詩之父」<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a>，皆因他在思辨詩體裁的貢獻中，其中之一就是其在1848年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E7%AC%94" title="随笔">随笔</a>（基於該作品的推測性質，他將之稱作一則「<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A9" title="散文詩">散文詩</a>」）《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%A1%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤里卡：散文詩（页面不存在）">尤里卡：散文詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka:_A_Prose_Poem" class="extiw" title="en:Eureka: A Prose Poem">Eureka: A Prose Poem</a>）》中，包含其對<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸">大爆炸</a>起源之推測，而這推測比<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9" title="乔治·勒梅特">乔治·勒梅特</a>還要早四分之三個世紀。<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="散文詩">散文詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：散文詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A9" title="散文詩">散文詩</a></div> 散文詩是一種結合散文與詩歌元素的混合體裁，或可能與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="微型小说">微型小说</a>（又稱「小小說」、「極短篇小說」）難以分辨。在現代讀者角度而言，縱然部份早期散文例子或會解讀成「詩歌」，「散文詩」的由來一般認為是始於19世紀的法國，而當時嘗試過這類詩歌的詩人包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿洛伊修斯·貝爾特朗（页面不存在）">阿洛伊修斯·貝爾特朗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" class="extiw" title="en:Aloysius Bertrand">Aloysius Bertrand</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="夏尔·波德莱尔">夏尔·波德莱尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%A2" title="阿蒂尔·兰波">阿蒂尔·兰波</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬拉美">馬拉美</a>。<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a>尤自1980年代後期，散文詩逐漸受到讀者歡迎，在《The Prose Poem: An International Journal》<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>、《Contemporary Haibun Online》<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a>及《Haibun Today》<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a>等全本式期刊中亦致力於該體裁及相關混合體。在20世紀，撰寫散文詩的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉丁美洲詩歌（页面不存在）">拉丁美洲詩人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Latin American poetry">Latin American poetry</a>）包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF" title="奥克塔维奥·帕斯">奥克塔维奥·帕斯</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E6%9D%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E8%96%A9%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷杭德拉·皮薩尼克（页面不存在）">亞歷杭德拉·皮薩尼克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandra_Pizarnik" class="extiw" title="en:Alejandra Pizarnik">Alejandra Pizarnik</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="輕詩">輕詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：輕詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%95%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輕詩（页面不存在）">輕詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Light poetry">Light poetry</a>）</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg/220px-LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg/330px-LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg/440px-LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85" title="路易斯·卡羅">路易斯·卡羅</a>既是兒童文學作家，亦是輕詩派著名詩人之一</figcaption></figure> 輕詩是一種用作幽默的詩歌。輕詩之所以稱作「輕」是因為這些詩歌通常簡短、主題既可為輕浮亦可為嚴肅，而且經常包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="文字游戏">文字游戏</a>的元素，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="雙關語">雙關語</a>、冒險的押韻及重度的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%9F%BB%E6%B3%95" title="頭韻法">頭韻</a>。雖然少數自由詩人在傳統詩體以外的輕詩上不缺出色作品，於英語世界的輕詩至少違反若干正式常規。輕詩的主要形態包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%89%93%E6%B2%B9%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五行打油詩（页面不存在）">五行打油詩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" class="extiw" title="en:Limerick (poetry)">Limerick (poetry)</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%91%E8%A9%A9" title="克萊里休詩">克萊里休詩</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E6%8F%9A%E6%8A%91%E6%8A%91%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙揚抑抑格（页面不存在）">雙揚抑抑格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_dactyl" class="extiw" title="en:Double dactyl">Double dactyl</a>）。 雖然輕詩有時候會被貶稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E6%B2%B9%E8%A9%A9" title="打油詩">打油詩</a>，又或被稱是隨意寫的詩歌，幽默在輕詩中往往以微妙或顛覆性的方式帶出嚴肅的觀點。而不少知名的「嚴肅派」詩人於輕詩創作上亦有超常發揮。著名輕詩詩人包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85" title="路易斯·卡羅">路易斯·卡羅</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%A0%BC%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E6%8B%BF%E6%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧格登·拿殊（页面不存在）">奧格登·拿殊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden_Nash" class="extiw" title="en:Ogden Nash">Ogden Nash</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X·J·肯尼迪（页面不存在）">X·J·肯尼迪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X._J._Kennedy" class="extiw" title="en:X. J. Kennedy">X. J. Kennedy</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7R%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威拉德·R·艾斯（页面不存在）">威拉德·R·艾斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_R._Espy" class="extiw" title="en:Willard R. Espy">Willard R. Espy</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="谢尔·希尔弗斯坦">谢尔·希尔弗斯坦</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫蒂·科普（页面不存在）">溫蒂·科普</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Cope" class="extiw" title="en:Wendy Cope">Wendy Cope</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="滿貫詩">滿貫詩</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：滿貫詩">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%BB%BF%E8%B2%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩歌大滿貫（页面不存在）">詩歌大滿貫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry_slam" class="extiw" title="en:Poetry slam">Poetry slam</a>）</div> 滿貫詩是一種詩歌體裁，源於1986年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="马克·史密斯">馬克·史密斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Smith" class="extiw" title="en:Marc Smith">Marc Smith</a>）於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利诺伊州">伊利诺伊州</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5" title="芝加哥">芝加哥</a>舉辦首屆詩歌大滿貫。<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>詩歌大滿貫中的演繹者在聽眾面前以情緒化的方式，就個人、社會或其他方面大聲評論，而比賽著重文字遊戲之美、語調和其抑揚變化。而滿貫詩在特定的「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%BB%BF%E8%B2%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩歌大滿貫（页面不存在）">詩歌大滿貫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry_slam" class="extiw" title="en:Poetry slam">Poetry slam</a>）」比賽中，通常均具競爭性。<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代詩爭論">現代詩爭論</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：現代詩爭論">编辑</a>]</div> 傳統詩歌對詩的形式非常看重，形式的運用與發展基本是為了體現詩歌的美感、利於吟誦、和使內容更深刻。但現代詩歌多對格式要求有所放鬆，一般至少還保留著分行與押韻，或只剩分行。有些分行的“詩歌”，去掉分行後可能僅僅就是篇散文。完全不顧格式的詩歌，實際上已很難認定為詩歌，當然，這牽扯到詩歌的定義及其定義的發展。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目">相關條目</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：相關條目">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:诗歌">诗歌主题</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">诗人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="修辞">修辞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國文學">中國文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中国古典诗歌">中国古典诗歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A9%A9" title="新詩">新詩</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读">延伸阅读</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读">编辑</a>]</div> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q482">在维基数据编辑</a>] <dl><dd><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B8/%E8%A9%A9%E9%83%A8#詩歌" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/理學彙編/文學典/詩部">欽定古今圖書集成·理學彙編·文學典·詩部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋">註釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：註釋">编辑</a>]</div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> 又稱「sestet」。 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> 在文學研究中，西方文學中的「行」（line）會被譯作「bat」，但在個別形式中，該單位與「wak」會更為相似。為避免引起不必要之誤會，本條目將會指「bat」和「wak」而非「line」，當中後者可指前兩者。 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="註腳">註腳</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：註腳">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-高教文学概论-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-高教文学概论_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-高教文学概论_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation book">刘甫田; 徐景熙; 张德礼; 柳和勇. 文学概论. 高等教育出版社. : 78-84. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787040241181" title="Special:网络书源/9787040241181">ISBN 9787040241181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E7%94%AB%E7%94%B0&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%A4%BC&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E6%99%AF%E7%86%99&rft.au=%E6%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8B%87&rft.btitle=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787040241181&rft.pages=78-84&rft.pub=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">老舍. 文学概论讲义. 北京出版集团公司,北京出版社. : 93. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787200106633" title="Special:网络书源/9787200106633">ISBN 9787200106633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=%E8%80%81%E8%88%8D&rft.btitle=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA%E8%AE%B2%E4%B9%89&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787200106633&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%2C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Oral Literature in Africa, Ruth Finnegan, Open Book Publishers, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db1x.sinica.edu.tw/caat/caat_rptcaatc.php?_op=?SUBJECT_ID:300055931">藝術與建築索引典—詩</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111217155955/http://db1x.sinica.edu.tw/caat/caat_rptcaatc.php?_op=%3FSUBJECT_ID%3A300055931">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）於2011年3月17日查閱 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%BF%BC" title="趙翼">趙翼</a>：《陔餘叢考》卷二 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorn1997">Corn 1997</a>，第94頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Minta, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petrarchpetrarch0000mint/page/15">Petrarch and Petrarchism</a>. Manchester University Press. 1980: 15–17. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7190-0748-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7190-0748-4">ISBN 978-0-7190-0748-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Minta&rft.btitle=Petrarch+and+Petrarchism&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-0748-4&rft.pages=15-17&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetrarchpetrarch0000mint%2Fpage%2F15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Quiller-Couch, Arthur (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookofengl00quil">The Oxford Book of English Verse</a>. Oxford University Press. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.aulast=Quiller-Couch&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Book+of+English+Verse&rft.date=1900&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordbookofengl00quil&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFussell1965">Fussell 1965</a>，第119-33頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_11-0">10.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_11-1">10.1</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="伯顿·沃森">Watson, Burton</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineselyricism00burt">Chinese Lyricism: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century</a>. New York: Columbia University Press. 1971. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-231-03464-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-231-03464-4">ISBN 0-231-03464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.btitle=Chinese+Lyricism%3A+Shih+Poetry+from+the+Second+to+the+Twelfth+Century&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-231-03464-4&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchineselyricism00burt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Faurot, Jeannette L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drinkingwithmoon0000unse/page/30">Drinking with the moon</a>. China Books & Periodicals. 1998: 30. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8351-2639-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8351-2639-7">ISBN 978-0-8351-2639-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Jeannette+L&rft.aulast=Faurot&rft.btitle=Drinking+with+the+moon&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8351-2639-7&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=China+Books+%26+Periodicals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrinkingwithmoon0000unse%2Fpage%2F30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Wang, Yugen. "Shige: The Popular Poetics of Regulated Verse". T'ang Studies. 2004-06-01, 2004 (22): 81-125. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F073750304788913221">doi:10.1179/073750304788913221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.atitle=%22Shige%3A+The+Popular+Poetics+of+Regulated+Verse%22&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yugen&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=22&rft.jtitle=%27%27T%27ang+Studies%27%27&rft.pages=81-125&rft.volume=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F073750304788913221&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Schirokauer, Conrad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofch0000schi_r7x9">A brief history of Chinese and Japanese civilizations</a>. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1989: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofch0000schi_r7x9/page/119">119</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-15-505569-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-15-505569-8">ISBN 978-0-15-505569-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.aulast=Schirokauer&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+Chinese+and+Japanese+civilizations&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-15-505569-8&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofch0000schi_r7x9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kumin, Maxine. Varnes, Katherine , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exaltationofform00finc/page/314">Gymnastics: The Villanelle</a>. An Exaltation of Forms: Contemporary Poets Celebrate the Diversity of Their Art (University of Michigan Press). 2002: 314. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-472-06725-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-472-06725-1">ISBN 978-0-472-06725-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Maxine&rft.aulast=Kumin&rft.btitle=Gymnastics%3A+The+Villanelle&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-472-06725-1&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexaltationofform00finc%2Fpage%2F314&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Thomas, Dylan. Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. In Country Sleep and Other Poems (New Directions Publications). 1952: 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.btitle=Do+Not+Go+Gentle+into+that+Good+Night&rft.date=1952&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=New+Directions+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Auden, WH. Villanelle. Collected Poems (Random House). 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=WH&rft.aulast=Auden&rft.btitle=Villanelle&rft.date=1945&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bishop, Elizabeth. One Art. Geography III (Farrar, Straus & Giroux). 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.btitle=One+Art&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+%26+Giroux&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Poets, Academy of American. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poets.org/glossary/limerick">Limerick | Academy of American Poets</a>. poets.org. [2020-10-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430140245/https://poets.org/glossary/limerick">存档</a>于2022-04-30） （美国英语）. <q>Limericks can be found in the work of Lord Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Robert Louis Stevenson</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Poets%2C+Academy+of+American&rft.btitle=Limerick+%26%23124%3B+Academy+of+American+Poets&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27poets.org%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoets.org%2Fglossary%2Flimerick&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Samy Alim, H; Ibrahim, Awad; Pennycook, Alastair (编). Global linguistic flows. Taylor & Francis. 2009: 181. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8058-6283-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8058-6283-6">ISBN 978-0-8058-6283-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Awad&rft.au=Pennycook%2C+Alastair&rft.aufirst=H&rft.aulast=Samy+Alim&rft.btitle=Global+linguistic+flows&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8058-6283-6&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brower, Robert H; Miner, Earl. Japanese court poetry. Standard University Press. 1988: 86–92. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-1524-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8047-1524-9">ISBN 978-0-8047-1524-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Miner%2C+Earl&rft.aufirst=Robert+H&rft.aulast=Brower&rft.btitle=Japanese+court+poetry&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1524-9&rft.pages=86-92&rft.pub=Standard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation book">McCllintock, Michael; Ness, Pamela Miller; Kacian, Jim (编). The tanka anthology: tanka in English from around the world. Red Moon Press. 2003: xxx–xlviii. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-893959-40-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-893959-40-8">ISBN 978-1-893959-40-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Kacian%2C+Jim&rft.au=Ness%2C+Pamela+Miller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=McCllintock&rft.btitle=The+tanka+anthology%3A+tanka+in+English+from+around+the+world&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-893959-40-8&rft.pages=xxx-xlviii&rft.pub=Red+Moon+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ross, Bruce (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/haikumomentantho0000unse">Haiku moment: an anthology of contemporary North American haiku</a>. Charles E. 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[2021-07-02]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldhaikureview.org/5-1/whcj/basho_fuji.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-05-28） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Etsuko+Yanagibori&rft.btitle=Basho%27s+Haiku+on+the+theme+of+Mt.+Fuji&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27The+personal+notebook+of+Etsuko+Yanagibori%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhaikureview.org%2F5-1%2Fwhcj%2Fbasho_fuji.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudak-khloong-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hudak-khloong_25-0">24.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hudak-khloong_25-1">24.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/poetry/khloong/khloonge.html">โคลง Khloong</a>. Thai Language Audio Resource Center. Thammasat University. [2012-03-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122092954/http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/poetry/khloong/khloonge.html">存档</a>于2020-01-22） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87+Khloong&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27Thai+Language+Audio+Resource+Center%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthaiarc.tu.ac.th%2Fpoetry%2Fkhloong%2Fkhloonge.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  (Reproduced from <cite class="citation book">Hudak, Thomas John. The indigenization of Pali meters in Thai poetry. Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-89680-159-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-89680-159-2">ISBN 978-0-89680-159-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Thomas+John&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.btitle=The+indigenization+of+Pali+meters+in+Thai+poetry&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-89680-159-2&rft.place=Athens%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Center+for+International+Studies&rft.series=Monographs+in+International+Studies%2C+Southeast+Asia+Series&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> ) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gray, Thomas. English lyrics from Dryden to Burns. Elibron. 2000: 155–56. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4021-0064-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4021-0064-2">ISBN 978-1-4021-0064-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.btitle=English+lyrics+from+Dryden+to+Burns&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4021-0064-2&rft.pages=155-56&rft.pub=Elibron&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gayley, Charles Mills; Young, Clement C. English Poetry Reprint ed. Kessinger Publishing. 2005: lxxxv. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4179-0086-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4179-0086-2">ISBN 978-1-4179-0086-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Young%2C+Clement+C&rft.aufirst=Charles+Mills&rft.aulast=Gayley&rft.btitle=English+Poetry&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=Reprint+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4179-0086-2&rft.pages=lxxxv&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kuiper. 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Autumn 1990, 43 (3): 457-97. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.1990.43.3.03a00040">doi:10.1525/jams.1990.43.3.03a00040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.atitle=%22Musical+Gesture+and+Extra-Musical+Meaning%3A+Words+and+Music+in+the+Urdu+Ghazal%22&rft.au=Qureshi%2C+Regula+Burckhardt&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%27%27Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society%27%27&rft.pages=457-97&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=43&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.1990.43.3.03a00040&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sequeira, Isaac. "The Mystique of the Mushaira". 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[2010-07-25] </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Aga Khan III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amaana.org/sultweb/msmhafiz.htm">Hafiz and the Place of Iranian Culture in the World</a>. 1936-11-09 [2021-05-31]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609215724/http://www.amaana.org/sultweb/msmhafiz.htm">存档</a>于2022-06-09） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Aga+Khan+III&rft.btitle=Hafiz+and+the+Place+of+Iranian+Culture+in+the+World&rft.date=1936-11-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amaana.org%2Fsultweb%2Fmsmhafiz.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Shamel, Shafiq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwKfmAEACAAJ&q=goethe+hafiz">Goethe and Hafiz</a>. Peter Lang. 2013 [2014-10-29]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-0343-0881-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-0343-0881-6">ISBN 978-3-0343-0881-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Shafiq&rft.aulast=Shamel&rft.btitle=Goethe+and+Hafiz&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-0343-0881-6&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwKfmAEACAAJ%26q%3Dgoethe%2Bhafiz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029210449/http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=70235">Goethe and Hafiz</a>. [2014-10-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=70235">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-29） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=Goethe+and+Hafiz&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterlang.com%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3Dcmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten%26seitentyp%3Dprodukt%26pk%3D70235&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905080250/http://www.lifeofthought.com/e69.htm">GOETHE</a>. [2014-10-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeofthought.com/e69.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-09-05） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=GOETHE&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeofthought.com%2Fe69.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Chandler, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509013303/http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/intgenre/intgenre.html">Introduction to Genre Theory</a>. Aberystwyth University. [2011-12-10]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/intgenre/intgenre.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-09） （英国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Genre+Theory&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aberystwyth+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aber.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2FDocuments%2Fintgenre%2Fintgenre.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Schafer, Jorgen. Gendolla, Peter , 编. Beyond the screen: transformations of literary structures, interfaces and genres. Verlag. 2010: 16, 391–402. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-8376-1258-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-8376-1258-5">ISBN 978-3-8376-1258-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Jorgen&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+screen%3A+transformations+of+literary+structures%2C+interfaces+and+genres&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-8376-1258-5&rft.pages=16%2C+391-402&rft.pub=Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kirk, GS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeroraltraditi0000kirk">Homer and the Oral Tradition</a> reprint ed. Cambridge University Press. 2010: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeroraltraditi0000kirk/page/22">22</a>-45. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-13671-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-13671-6">ISBN 978-0-521-13671-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=GS&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.btitle=Homer+and+the+Oral+Tradition&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=reprint+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13671-6&rft.pages=22-45&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomeroraltraditi0000kirk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Blasing, Motlu Konuk. Lyric poetry : the pain and the pleasure of words. Princeton University Press. 2006: 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-12682-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-12682-1">ISBN 978-0-691-12682-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Motlu+Konuk&rft.aulast=Blasing&rft.btitle=Lyric+poetry+%3A+the+pain+and+the+pleasure+of+words&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12682-1&rft.pages=1-22&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hainsworth, JB. Traditions of heroic and epic poetry. Modern Humanities Research Association. 1989: 171–75. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-947623-19-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-947623-19-7">ISBN 978-0-947623-19-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.aulast=Hainsworth&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+heroic+and+epic+poetry&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-947623-19-7&rft.pages=171-75&rft.pub=Modern+Humanities+Research+Association&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1992/press.html">The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992: Derek Walcott</a>. Swedish Academy. [2011-12-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810033138/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1992/press.html">存档</a>于2017-08-10） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1992%3A+Derek+Walcott&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Swedish+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1992%2Fpress.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Dominik, William J; Wehrle, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanversesatire0000unse">Roman verse satire: Lucilius to Juvenal</a>. Bolchazy-Carducci. 1999: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanversesatire0000unse/page/n20">1</a>-3. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-86516-442-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-86516-442-0">ISBN 978-0-86516-442-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Wehrle%2C+T&rft.aufirst=William+J&rft.aulast=Dominik&rft.btitle=Roman+verse+satire%3A+Lucilius+to+Juvenal&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-442-0&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanversesatire0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Black, Joseph (编). Broadview Anthology of British Literature. 1. Broadview Press. 2011: 1056. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55481-048-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55481-048-2">ISBN 978-1-55481-048-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Black&rft.btitle=Broadview+Anthology+of+British+Literature&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55481-048-2&rft.pages=1056&rft.pub=Broadview+Press&rft.series=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Treglown, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_review-of-english-studies_1973-02_24_93/page/42">"Satirical Inversion of Some English Sources in Rochester's Poetry"</a>. Review of English Studies. 1973, 24 (93): 42-48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fres%2Fxxiv.93.42">doi:10.1093/res/xxiv.93.42</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.atitle=%22Satirical+Inversion+of+Some+English+Sources+in+Rochester%27s+Poetry%22&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Treglown&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=93&rft.jtitle=%27%27Review+of+English+Studies%27%27&rft.pages=42-48&rft.volume=24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_review-of-english-studies_1973-02_24_93%2Fpage%2F42&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fres%2Fxxiv.93.42&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Pigman, GW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/griefenglishrena0000pigm">Grief and English Renaissance elegy</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1985: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/griefenglishrena0000pigm/page/40">40-47</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-26871-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-26871-4">ISBN 978-0-521-26871-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.aulast=Pigman&rft.btitle=Grief+and+English+Renaissance+elegy&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26871-4&rft.pages=40-47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgriefenglishrena0000pigm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kennedy, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elegythenewcriti00kenn">Elegy</a>. Routledge. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elegythenewcriti00kenn/page/n22">10</a>-34. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-134-20906-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-134-20906-4">ISBN 978-1-134-20906-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.btitle=Elegy&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-134-20906-4&rft.pages=10-34&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felegythenewcriti00kenn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Harpham, Geoffrey Galt; Abrams, MH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryoflitera0000abra_m8a1">A glossary of literary terms</a> 10th ed. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 2011-01-10: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryoflitera0000abra_m8a1/page/9">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-495-89802-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-495-89802-3">ISBN 978-0-495-89802-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Abrams%2C+MH&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Galt&rft.aulast=Harpham&rft.btitle=A+glossary+of+literary+terms&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft.edition=10th+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-495-89802-3&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Cengage+Learning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglossaryoflitera0000abra_m8a1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Keith, Arthur Berriedale. Sanskrit Drama in its origin, development, theory and practice. Motilal Banarsidass. 1992: 57–58. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-81-208-0977-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-81-208-0977-2">ISBN 978-81-208-0977-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Berriedale&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+Drama+in+its+origin%2C+development%2C+theory+and+practice&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0977-2&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Dolby, William. Mackerras, Colin , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesetheater00coli">"Early Chinese Plays and Theatre"</a>. Chinese Theater: From Its Origins to the Present Day (University of Hawaii Press). 1983: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesetheater00coli/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8248-1220-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8248-1220-1">ISBN 978-0-8248-1220-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Dolby&rft.btitle=%22Early+Chinese+Plays+and+Theatre%22&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1220-1&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinesetheater00coli&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Giordano, Mathew. Dramatic Poetics and American Poetic Culture, 1865–1904, Doctoral Dissertation. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State. 2004. <q>Dramatic poetry: Pound’s 'Sestina: Altaforte' or Eliot’s 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Proufrock'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft.aulast=Giordano&rft.btitle=Dramatic+Poetics+and+American+Poetic+Culture%2C+1865%E2%80%931904%2C+Doctoral+Dissertation&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=Ohio+State&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Eliot, T.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tseliot.com/">Poetry and Drama</a>. tseliot.com. 1951 [2020-10-09]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706095914/https://tseliot.com/">存档</a>于2022-07-06） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=T.S.&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.btitle=Poetry+and+Drama&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27tseliot.com%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftseliot.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poem/love-song-j-alfred-prufrock">The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock | Modern American Poetry</a>. www.modernamericanpoetry.org. [2020-10-09]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610231655/https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poem/love-song-j-alfred-prufrock">存档</a>于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.atitle=The+Love+Song+of+J.+Alfred+Prufrock+%7C+Modern+American+Poetry&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.modernamericanpoetry.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernamericanpoetry.org%2Fpoem%2Flove-song-j-alfred-prufrock&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Allen, Mike. Dutcher, Roger , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alchemyofstarsrh0000unse">The alchemy of stars</a>. Science Fiction Poetry Association. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alchemyofstarsrh0000unse/page/n11">11</a>-17. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8095-1162-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8095-1162-4">ISBN 978-0-8095-1162-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.btitle=The+alchemy+of+stars&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8095-1162-4&rft.pages=11-17&rft.pub=Science+Fiction+Poetry+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falchemyofstarsrh0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Rombeck, Terry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/jan/22/poes_littleknown_science/">Poe's little known science book reprinted</a>. Lawrence Journal-World & News. 2005-01-22 [2021-05-31]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620114913/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/jan/22/poes_littleknown_science/">存档</a>于2017-06-20） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.aulast=Rombeck&rft.btitle=Poe%27s+little+known+science+book+reprinted&rft.date=2005-01-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27Lawrence+Journal-World+%26+News%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ljworld.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Fjan%2F22%2Fpoes_littleknown_science%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%89%E8%93%AE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%B3%93%E9%81%9C" title="瑪莉蓮·羅賓遜">Robinson, Marilynne</a>. "On Edgar Allan Poe". The New York Review of Books. 2015-02-05, LXII (2): 4, 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.atitle=%22On+Edgar+Allan+Poe%22&rft.aufirst=Marilynne&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%27%27The+New+York+Review+of+Books%27%27&rft.pages=4%2C+6&rft.volume=LXII&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Monte, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/invisiblefencesp0000mont">Invisible fences: prose poetry as a genre in French and American literature</a>. University of Nebraska Press. 2000: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/invisiblefencesp0000mont/page/n19">4</a>-9. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8032-3211-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8032-3211-2">ISBN 978-0-8032-3211-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.aulast=Monte&rft.btitle=Invisible+fences%3A+prose+poetry+as+a+genre+in+French+and+American+literature&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-3211-2&rft.pages=4-9&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finvisiblefencesp0000mont&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/prosepoem/">The Prose Poem: An International Journal</a>. Providence College. [2011-12-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111204174006/http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/prosepoem/">存档</a>于2011-12-04） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=The+Prose+Poem%3A+An+International+Journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Providence+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.providence.edu%2Fprosepoem%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contemporaryhaibunonline.com/">Contemporary Haibun Online</a>. [2011-12-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005235026/http://contemporaryhaibunonline.com/">存档</a>于2011-10-05） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Haibun+Online&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontemporaryhaibunonline.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haibuntoday.com/pages/about.html">Haibun Today</a>. [2021-05-31]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817000147/http://haibuntoday.com/pages/about.html">存档</a>于2015-08-17） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=Haibun+Today&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaibuntoday.com%2Fpages%2Fabout.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maryhutchingsreed.com/honoring-marc-kelly-smith-and-international-poetry-slam-movement/">Honoring Marc Kelly Smith and International Poetry Slam Movement</a>. Mary Hutchings Reed. 2011-10-25 [2019-05-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506023721/https://maryhutchingsreed.com/honoring-marc-kelly-smith-and-international-poetry-slam-movement/">存档</a>于2022-05-06） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Mary&rft.btitle=Honoring+Marc+Kelly+Smith+and+International+Poetry+Slam+Movement&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27Mary+Hutchings+Reed%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaryhutchingsreed.com%2Fhonoring-marc-kelly-smith-and-international-poetry-slam-movement%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/brief-guide-slam-poetry">A Brief Guide to Slam Poetry</a>. Academy of American Poets. 2004-05-29 [2019-05-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628044418/https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/brief-guide-slam-poetry">存档</a>于2018-06-28） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Guide+to+Slam+Poetry&rft.date=2004-05-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27Academy+of+American+Poets%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fpoetsorg%2Ftext%2Fbrief-guide-slam-poetry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.powerpoetry.org/actions/5-tips-spoken-word">5 Tips on Spoken Word</a>. Power Poetry. [2019-05-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506023715/https://powerpoetry.org/actions/5-tips-spoken-word">存档</a>于2022-05-06） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=5+Tips+on+Spoken+Word&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27Power+Poetry%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.powerpoetry.org%2Factions%2F5-tips-spoken-word&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="參考資料">參考資料</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：參考資料">编辑</a>]</div> <dl><dt>書籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Adams, Stephen J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poeticdesigns00step">Poetic designs: an introduction to meters, verses forms and figures of speech</a>. Broadview. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55111-129-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55111-129-2">ISBN 978-1-55111-129-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.btitle=Poetic+designs%3A+an+introduction+to+meters%2C+verses+forms+and+figures+of+speech&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-129-2&rft.pub=Broadview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoeticdesigns00step&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Corn, Alfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poemsheartbeatma00corn">The Poem's Heartbeat: A Manual of Prosody</a>. Storyline Press. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-885266-40-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-885266-40-8">ISBN 978-1-885266-40-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft.aulast=Corn&rft.btitle=The+Poem%27s+Heartbeat%3A+A+Manual+of+Prosody&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-885266-40-8&rft.pub=Storyline+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoemsheartbeatma00corn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="保罗·福塞尔">Fussell, Paul</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poeticmeterpoeti00fuss">Poetic Meter and Poetic Form</a>. Random House. 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Fussell&rft.btitle=Poetic+Meter+and+Poetic+Form&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoeticmeterpoeti00fuss&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·荷蘭德（页面不存在）">Hollander, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rhymesreasonguid00holl_1">Rhyme's Reason</a>. Yale University Press. 1981. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-02740-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-02740-2">ISBN 978-0-300-02740-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Hollander&rft.btitle=Rhyme%27s+Reason&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-02740-2&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frhymesreasonguid00holl_1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·平斯基（页面不存在）">Pinsky, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soundsofpoetry00robe">The Sounds of Poetry</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-374-26695-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-374-26695-0">ISBN 978-0-374-26695-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Pinsky&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Poetry&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-374-26695-0&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoundsofpoetry00robe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀">延伸閱讀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">英語<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的相关摘錄：<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:Poetry">诗歌</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="s:诗歌">诗歌</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/poetry" class="extiw" title="wikt:poetry">poetry</a>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关文献分类：<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%97" class="extiw" title="s:Category:诗">诗</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="克林斯·布鲁克斯">Brooks, Cleanth</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wellwroughturnst00broo">The Well Wrought Um: Studies in the Structure of Poetry</a>. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1947.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Cleanth&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.btitle=The+Well+Wrought+Um%3A+Studies+in+the+Structure+of+Poetry&rft.date=1947&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwellwroughturnst00broo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Finch, Annie. A Poet's Ear: A Handbook of Meter and Form. University of Michigan Press. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-472-05066-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-472-05066-6">ISBN 978-0-472-05066-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.btitle=A+Poet%27s+Ear%3A+A+Handbook+of+Meter+and+Form&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-472-05066-6&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂芬·克莱（页面不存在）">Fry, Stephen</a>. The Ode Less Travelled: Unlocking the Poet Within. Arrow Books. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-09-905934-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-09-905934-9">ISBN 978-0-09-905934-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.btitle=The+Ode+Less+Travelled%3A+Unlocking+the+Poet+Within&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-09-905934-9&rft.pub=Arrow+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="艾兹拉·庞德">Pound, Ezra</a>. ABC of Reading. Faber. 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.btitle=ABC+of+Reading&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Faber&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Preminger, Alex; Brogan, Terry VF; Warnke, Frank J (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newprincetonency00alex">The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics</a> 3rd ed. Princeton University Press. 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-02123-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-02123-2">ISBN 978-0-691-02123-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Brogan%2C+Terry+VF&rft.au=Warnke%2C+Frank+J&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Preminger&rft.btitle=The+New+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Poetry+and+Poetics&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=3rd+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02123-2&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewprincetonency00alex&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Francis, Norbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43045369/The_Science_of_Art">Bilingual and Multicultural Perspectives on Poetry, Music and Narrative: The Science of Art</a>. Lexington Books. 2017 [2021-07-02]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4985-5184-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4985-5184-7">ISBN 978-1-4985-5184-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506023727/https://www.academia.edu/43045369/The_Science_of_Art">存档</a>于2022-05-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.btitle=Bilingual+and+Multicultural+Perspectives+on+Poetry%2C+Music+and+Narrative%3A+The+Science+of+Art&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-5184-7&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F43045369%2FThe_Science_of_Art&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="選集">選集</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：選集">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C%E9%81%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩歌選集列表（页面不存在）">詩歌選集列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poetry_anthologies" class="extiw" title="en:List of poetry anthologies">List of poetry anthologies</a>）</div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Ferguson, Margaret; Salter, Mary Jo; Stallworthy, Jon (编). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Norton_Anthology_of_Poetry">The Norton Anthology of Poetry</a> 4th ed. W.W. Norton and Co. 1996 [2021-07-02]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-393-96820-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-393-96820-0">ISBN 978-0-393-96820-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627142048/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Norton_Anthology_of_Poetry">存档</a>于2022-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=Salter%2C+Mary+Jo&rft.au=Stallworthy%2C+Jon&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.btitle=The+Norton+Anthology+of+Poetry&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=4th+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-393-96820-0&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+and+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Norton_Anthology_of_Poetry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gardner, Helen (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newoxfordbookofe0000gard">New Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1950</a>. Oxford University Press. 1972. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-812136-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-812136-7">ISBN 978-0-19-812136-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.btitle=New+Oxford+Book+of+English+Verse+1250-1950&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-812136-7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewoxfordbookofe0000gard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Larkin, Philip (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookoftwen00larkrich">The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse</a>. Oxford University Press. 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Book+of+Twentieth+Century+English+Verse&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordbookoftwen00larkrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ricks, Christopher (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookofengl00chri">The Oxford Book of English Verse</a>. Oxford University Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-214182-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-214182-8">ISBN 978-0-19-214182-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Ricks&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Book+of+English+Verse&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-214182-8&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordbookofengl00chri&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Yeats, WB (编). Oxford Book Modern Verse 1892-1935. Oxford University Press. 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&rft.aufirst=WB&rft.aulast=Yeats&rft.btitle=Oxford+Book+Modern+Verse+1892-1935&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="敘事學">敘事學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="角色">角色</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="對立角色">對立角色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="反英雄">反英雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B4%BE%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="反派角色">反派角色</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大敌（页面不存在）">大敌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archenemy" class="extiw" title="en:Archenemy">Archenemy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角色曲线（页面不存在）">角色曲线</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_arc" class="extiw" title="en:Character arc">Character arc</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角色缺陷（页面不存在）">角色缺陷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_flaw" class="extiw" title="en:Character flaw">Character flaw</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%BB%E7%94%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角色刻画（页面不存在）">角色刻画</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization" class="extiw" title="en:Characterization">Characterization</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二主角（页面不存在）">第二主角</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuteragonist" class="extiw" title="en:Deuteragonist">Deuteragonist</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假主角（页面不存在）">假主角</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_protagonist" class="extiw" title="en:False protagonist">False protagonist</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A6%E7%82%B9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焦点角色（页面不存在）">焦点角色</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_character" class="extiw" title="en:Focal character">Focal character</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A0%E8%A1%AC_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="映衬 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">映衬</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foil_(fiction)" class="extiw" title="en:Foil (fiction)">Foil (fiction)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%87%8D%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双重人格 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">双重人格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_double" class="extiw" title="en:Gothic double">Gothic double</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%99%E8%BF%B0_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叙述 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">旁白</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narration" class="extiw" title="en:Narration">Narration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC" title="主人公">主角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="定型角色">定型角色</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E7%A8%BD%E9%85%8D%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑稽配角（页面不存在）">滑稽配角</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_man" class="extiw" title="en:Straight man">Straight man</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E8%A7%92" title="配角">配角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%BC%94%E5%93%A1" title="臨時演員">閒角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="标题人物">标题角色</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%B2%E5%89%A7%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悲剧主角（页面不存在）">悲剧主角</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_hero" class="extiw" title="en:Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三主角（页面不存在）">第三主角</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritagonist" class="extiw" title="en:Tritagonist">Tritagonist</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%AF%80" title="情節">情節</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%95_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幕 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">幕</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_(drama)" class="extiw" title="en:Act (drama)">Act (drama)</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%95%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幕架構（页面不存在）">幕架構</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Act structure">Act structure</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%95%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三幕架構（页面不存在）">三幕架構</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Three-act structure">Three-act structure</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E4%BD%9C_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动作 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">动作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(narrative)" class="extiw" title="en:Action (narrative)">Action (narrative)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="背景故事">背景故事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E8%AF%83%E5%A4%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%9E%AA" title="契诃夫之枪">契诃夫之枪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%85%94%E6%BF%AB%E8%AA%BF" title="陳腔濫調">陳腔濫調</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬念（页面不存在）">悬念</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffhanger" class="extiw" title="en:Cliffhanger">Cliffhanger</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冲突 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">冲突</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_(narrative)" class="extiw" title="en:Conflict (narrative)">Conflict (narrative)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%96%E6%95%91%E6%98%9F" title="天外救星">机械降神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%99%BD" title="對白">對白</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戏剧结构（页面不存在）">戏剧结构</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Dramatic structure">Dramatic structure</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%AE%E5%89%8D%E5%A5%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高潮前奏（页面不存在）">高潮前奏</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitasis" class="extiw" title="en:Epitasis">Epitasis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%AE_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B)" title="高潮 (叙事)">高潮</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E6%8A%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="转折（页面不存在）">转折</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripeteia" class="extiw" title="en:Peripeteia">Peripeteia</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%AC%94" title="伏笔">伏笔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%94%E8%85%B0%E6%B3%95" title="攔腰法">攔腰法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%AB%98%E8%8A%AC" title="麥高芬">麥高芬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%89%83%E5%88%80" title="奥卡姆剃刀">奥卡姆剃刀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8F%E5%96%84%E7%BD%9A%E6%81%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赏善罚恶（页面不存在）">报应</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_justice" class="extiw" title="en:Poetic justice">Poetic justice</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%86%E8%BD%89" title="大逆轉">大反转</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%AF%A1%E9%AD%9A" title="紅鯡魚">紅鯡魚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%AD%E6%99%93_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="揭晓 (叙事学)（页面不存在）">揭晓</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reveal_(narrative)" class="extiw" title="en:Reveal (narrative)">Reveal (narrative)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%AF%81%E9%A2%84%E8%A8%80" title="自证预言">自证预言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%AF%9B%E7%8B%97%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="长毛狗的故事">长毛狗的故事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E7%96%91" title="懸疑">懸疑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%AE%B5" title="橋段">橋段</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A_(%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%B8)" title="設定 (敘事學)">设定</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="架空歷史小說">架空歷史小說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="背景故事">背景故事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E7%95%8C%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="跨界作品">跨界作品</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A6%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_(%E8%AE%BE%E5%AE%9A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梦世界 (设定)（页面不存在）">梦世界</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" class="extiw" title="en:Dream world (plot device)">Dream world (plot device)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B9%8C%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6" title="反乌托邦">反乌托邦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚构地点（页面不存在）">虚构地点</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_location" class="extiw" title="en:Fictional location">Fictional location</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚构城市（页面不存在）">虚构城市</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_city" class="extiw" title="en:Fictional city">Fictional city</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="虚构国家">虚构国度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虛構世界">虛構世界</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6" title="乌托邦">乌托邦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="主题 (文学)">主題</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%AB%B7" title="反諷">反諷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%BC%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="主导动机">主导动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E5%96%BB" title="隐喻">隐喻</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%93%E6%84%8F_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寓意 (文学)（页面不存在）">寓意</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral" class="extiw" title="en:Moral">Moral</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%A2%98_(%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B)" title="母题 (叙事)">母题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="写作风格">風格</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%97%E5%AF%93" title="託寓">託寓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E9%99%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突降（页面不存在）">突降</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathos" class="extiw" title="en:Bathos">Bathos</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%AA%E8%BE%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="措辞（页面不存在）">措辞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diction" class="extiw" title="en:Diction">Diction</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E6%A0%BC_(%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修辞格 (敘事學)（页面不存在）">修辞格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech" class="extiw" title="en:Figure of speech">Figure of speech</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%90%91_(%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意向 (敘事學)（页面不存在）">意向</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagery" class="extiw" title="en:Imagery">Imagery</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%81%E5%B1%95%E7%A4%BA%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%99%E8%BF%B0" title="要展示，不要叙述">要展示，不要叙述</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E6%89%8B%E6%B3%95" title="修辞手法">修辞手法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E7%BD%AE%E6%80%80%E7%96%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬置怀疑（页面不存在）">悬置怀疑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief" class="extiw" title="en:Suspension of disbelief">Suspension of disbelief</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="象征主义">象征主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="叙事结构">叙事结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="叙事结构">线性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非线性叙事结构（页面不存在）">非线性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" class="extiw" title="en:Nonlinear narrative">Nonlinear narrative</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非线性叙事电影（页面不存在）">非线性叙事电影</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_films" class="extiw" title="en:List of nonlinear narrative films">List of nonlinear narrative films</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非线性叙事电视剧（页面不存在）">非线性叙事电视剧</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_television_series" class="extiw" title="en:List of nonlinear narrative television series">List of nonlinear narrative television series</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%93%E5%B1%80%E7%9A%84%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多结局的虚构作品（页面不存在）">多结局的虚构作品</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_fiction_with_multiple_endings" class="extiw" title="en:Types of fiction with multiple endings">Types of fiction with multiple endings</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="体裁">體裁</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="長篇小說">長篇小說</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="中篇小說">中篇小說</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="短篇小说">短篇小说</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="微型小说">微型小说</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E8%A9%B1" title="童話">童話</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">诗歌</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A7%E6%9C%AC" title="剧本">劇作</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="網絡小說">網路小說</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%A1%9E" title="文類">類型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%92%E9%99%A9%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="冒险小说">歷險</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87" title="喜劇">喜劇</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="犯罪小說">犯罪</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="記錄小說（页面不存在）">記錄小說</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E8%89%B2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="情色文學">情色</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%80%E5%AF%A6%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紀實小說（页面不存在）">紀實</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="奇幻小说">奇幻</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="历史小说">歷史</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="恐怖小說">恐怖</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E7%90%86%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="推理小說">推理</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E7%96%91%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="懸疑小說">懸疑</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲學小說（页面不存在）">哲學</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治小說（页面不存在）">政治</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="愛情小說">愛情</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%A6_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="萨迦 (文学)">史詩</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BD%E5%88%BA" title="讽刺">讽刺</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B5%AA%E6%B1%89%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="流浪汉小说">流浪汉</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="科幻小说">科幻</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="推想小说">推想</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英雄小說（页面不存在）">英雄</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A%E6%82%9A" title="驚悚">驚悚</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都市小說（页面不存在）">都市</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敘事者（页面不存在）">敘事者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E5%85%A8%E7%9F%A5%E6%97%81%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三人稱全知旁白（页面不存在）">全知旁白</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E6%97%81%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一人稱旁白（页面不存在）">第一人稱旁白</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E6%97%81%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三人稱旁白（页面不存在）">第三人稱旁白</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E8%80%85" title="不可靠的敘事者">不可靠的敘事者</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%81%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三人稱限定旁白（页面不存在）">限定全知旁白</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">时态</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E6%97%B6" title="过去时">过去时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6" title="现在时">现在时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%87%E4%BE%86%E6%99%82" title="將來時">将来时</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:文學">文學主題</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中文文章文體" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%87%E9%AB%94" title="Template:文體"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%96%87%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:文體（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%87%E9%AB%94" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:文體"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中文文章文體" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">中文文章文體</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">表达方式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E8%BF%B0" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="叙述">叙述</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E5%AF%AB%E6%96%87" title="描寫文">描写</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="说明（页面不存在）">说明</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%AE%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="议论（页面不存在）">议论</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抒情（页面不存在）">抒情</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文章体裁</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%98%E6%95%98%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="記敘文（页面不存在）">記敘文</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87" title="說明文">說明文</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87" title="議論文">議論文</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文学体裁</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">诗歌</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="小说">小说</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建議書（页面不存在）">建議書</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" title="報告">報告</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="專題介紹（页面不存在）">專題介紹</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="評論">評論</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%91%8A" title="通告">通告</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%95%E8%A8%B4%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="投訴信（页面不存在）">投訴信</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E8%81%B7%E4%BF%A1" title="求職信">求職信</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建議書（页面不存在）">建議書</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邀請信（页面不存在）">邀請信</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲明（页面不存在）">聲明</a> - <a 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[\"CITEREFGiordano2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainsworth1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarphamAbrams2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollander1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudak1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirk2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuiper2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarkin1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMary2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCllintockNessKacian2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinta1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonte2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPigman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinsky\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoets,_Academy_of_American\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPound1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPremingerBroganWarnke1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuiller-Couch1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQureshi,_Regula_Burckhardt1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicks1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRombeck2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamy_AlimIbrahimPennycook2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchirokauer1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSequeira,_Isaac1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShamel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTreglown1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang,_Yugen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeats1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF刘甫田徐景熙张德礼柳和勇\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF老舍\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 51,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 17,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Hover title\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang-en\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang-th\"] = 9,\n [\"Literature\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 21,\n [\"Notefoot\"] = 1,\n [\"Notetag\"] = 2,\n [\"Otheruses\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refimprove\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Translating\"] = 1,\n [\"Tsl\"] = 80,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquotelang\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource further reading\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisourcecat\"] = 1,\n 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