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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3)" title="استدماج (علم نفس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استدماج (علم نفس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Интроекция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Интроекция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjecci%C3%B3" title="Introjecció – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Introjecció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjekce_(psychologie)" title="Introjekce (psychologie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Introjekce (psychologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjektion" title="Introjektion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Introjektion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introyecci%C3%B3n" title="Introyección – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Introyección" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjection_(psychanalyse)" title="Introjection (psychanalyse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Introjection (psychanalyse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC_(%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="내사 (심리학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내사 (심리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Ինտրոյեկցիա (հոգեբանություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինտրոյեկցիա (հոգեբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introiezione" title="Introiezione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Introiezione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Интроекция – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Интроекция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Интроекция – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Интроекция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjectie" title="Introjectie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Introjectie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C" title="取り入れ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="取り入れ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjekcja" title="Introjekcja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Introjekcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introje%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Introjeção – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Introjeção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Интроекция (психология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интроекция (психология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introjekcia_(psychol%C3%B3gia)" title="Introjekcia (psychológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Introjekcia (psychológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Интројекција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интројекција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7yans%C4%B1t%C4%B1m" title="İçyansıtım – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İçyansıtım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that portions of <i><a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">Internalization (sociology)</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> from it and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Internalization_(sociology)#Sociology_and_psychology" title="Talk:Internalization (sociology)">Discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>. In particular, the sentence structure is too terse and assumes a greater working knowledge of the concept and of technical terminology than a typical Wikipedia reader would possess. Lacks context..<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the article</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Introjection" title="Talk:Introjection">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the anime episode, see <a href="/wiki/Introjection_(Neon_Genesis_Evangelion_episode)" title="Introjection (Neon Genesis Evangelion episode)">Introjection (Neon Genesis Evangelion episode)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <b>introjection</b> (also known as <b>identification</b> or <b>internalization</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> adoption of the thoughts or <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a> traits of others.<sup id="cite_ref-APA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occurs as a normal part of development, such as a child taking on <a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">parental</a> values and attitudes. It can also be a <a href="/wiki/Defense_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense mechanism">defense mechanism</a> in situations that arouse <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been associated with both normal and <a href="/wiki/Pathological" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathological">pathological</a> development.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffe_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Introjection is a concept rooted in the psychoanalytic theories of <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious motivations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffe_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unconscious motivation refers to processes in the <a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">mind</a> which occur automatically and bypass conscious examination and considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-Westen1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westen1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Introjection is the learning process or in some cases a defense mechanism where a person unconsciously absorbs experiences and makes them part of their psyche.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffe_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_learning">In learning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>, introjection (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Introjektion</i>) refers to an unconscious process wherein one takes components of another <a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">person's identity</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feelings</a>, experiences and cognitive functioning,<sup id="cite_ref-:222_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and transfers them inside themselves, making such experiences part of their new <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)" title="Psyche (psychology)">psychic</a> structure.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These components are obliterated from consciousness (<a href="/wiki/Splitting_(psychology)" title="Splitting (psychology)">splitting</a>), perceived in someone else (<a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">projection</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then experienced and performed (i.e., introjected) by that other person.<sup id="cite_ref-:222_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:222-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cognate concepts are <a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">identification</a>, incorporation<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">internalization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_defense_mechanism">As a defense mechanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As a defense mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is considered a self-stabilizing <a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">defense mechanism</a> used when there is a lack of full psychological contact between a child and the adults providing that child's psychological needs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, it provides the illusion of maintaining relationship but at the expense of a loss of <a href="/wiki/Self" title="Self">self</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To use a simple example, a person who picks up traits from their friends is introjecting. </p><p>Another straightforward illustration could be a youngster who is being bullied at school. Unknowingly adopting the bully's behavior, the victim youngster may do so to stop being picked on in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Projection</a> has been described as an early phase of introjection.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15577283_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15577283-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_precursors">Historic precursors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historic precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freud_and_Klein">Freud and Klein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Freud and Klein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Freudian terms, introjection is the aspect of the ego's system of relational mechanisms which handles checks and balances from a perspective external to what one normally considers 'oneself', infolding these inputs into the internal world of the self-definitions, where they can be weighed and balanced against one's various senses of externality. For example: </p> <ul><li>"When a child envelops representational images of his absent parents into himself, simultaneously fusing them with his own personality."</li> <li>"Individuals with weak ego <a href="/wiki/Personal_boundaries" title="Personal boundaries">boundaries</a> are more prone to use introjection as a defense mechanism."</li></ul> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/D._W._Winnicott" class="mw-redirect" title="D. W. Winnicott">D. W. Winnicott</a>, "projection and introjection mechanisms... let the other person be the manager sometimes, and to hand over <a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">omnipotence</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Freud, the <a href="/wiki/Id,_ego_and_super-ego#Ego" class="mw-redirect" title="Id, ego and super-ego">ego</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Superego" class="mw-redirect" title="Superego">superego</a> are constructed by introjecting external behavioural patterns into the subject's own person. Specifically, he maintained that the critical agency or the superego could be accounted for in terms of introjection and that the superego derives from the parents or other figures of authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The derived behavioural patterns are not necessarily reproductions as they actually are but incorporated or introjected versions of them.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torok_and_Ferenczi">Torok and Ferenczi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Torok and Ferenczi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, the aforementioned description of introjection has been challenged by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Torok" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Torok">Maria Torok</a> as she favours using the term as it is employed by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Ferenczi" title="Sándor Ferenczi">Sándor Ferenczi</a> in his essay "The Meaning of Introjection" (1912). In this context, introjection is an extension of autoerotic interests that broadens the ego by a lifting of repression so that it includes external objects in its make-up. Torok defends this meaning in her 1968 essay "The Illness of Mourning and the Fantasy of the Exquisite Corpse", where she argues that <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Klein" title="Melanie Klein">Melanie Klein</a> confuse introjection with incorporation and that Ferenczi's definition remains crucial to analysis. She emphasized that in failed <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a> "the impotence of the process of introjection (gradual, slow, laborious, mediated, effective)" means that "incorporation is the only choice: fantasmatic, unmediated, instantaneous, magical, sometimes hallucinatory...'crypt' effects (of incorporation)".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fritz_and_Laura_Perls">Fritz and Laura Perls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fritz and Laura Perls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gestalt_therapy" title="Gestalt therapy">Gestalt therapy</a>, the concept of "introjection" is not identical with the psychoanalytical concept. Central to <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Perls" title="Fritz Perls">Fritz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Perls" title="Laura Perls">Laura Perls</a>' modifications was the concept of "dental or oral aggression", when the infant develops teeth and is able to chew. They set "introjection" against "assimilation". In <i>Ego, Hunger and Aggression</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fritz and Laura Perls suggested that when the infant develops teeth, he or she has the capacity to chew, to break apart food, and assimilate it, in contrast to swallowing before; and by analogy to experience, to taste, accept, reject or assimilate. Laura Perls explains: "I think Freud said that development takes place through introjection, but if it remains introjection and goes no further, then it becomes a block; it becomes identification."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus Fritz and Laura Perls made "assimilation", as opposed to "introjection", a focal theme in Gestalt therapy and in their work, and the prime means by which growth occurs in therapy. In contrast to the psychoanalytic stance, in which the "patient" introjects the (presumably more healthy) interpretations of the analyst, in Gestalt therapy the client must "taste" with awareness their experience, and either accept or reject it, but not introject or "swallow whole". Hence, the emphasis is on avoiding interpretation, and instead encouraging discovery. This is the key point in the divergence of Gestalt therapy from traditional psychoanalysis: growth occurs through gradual assimilation of experience in a natural way, rather than by accepting the interpretations of the analyst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/introjection" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:introjection">introjection</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">Internalization (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalizing_disorder" title="Internalizing disorder">Internalizing disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeling_theory" title="Labeling theory">Labeling theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introjection&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jaffe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jaffe_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jaffe_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jaffe_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jaffe_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJaffe2018" class="citation book cs1">Jaffe, Charles M. (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_12-1#howtocite">"Introjection in Psychoanalytic Couple and Family Therapy"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy</i>. Springer, Cham. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1">10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_12-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-15877-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-15877-8"><bdi>978-3-319-15877-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220278667">220278667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introjection+in+Psychoanalytic+Couple+and+Family+Therapy&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Couple+and+Family+Therapy&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Springer%2C+Cham&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220278667%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-15877-8&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1%23howtocite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/introjection">"The American Psychological Association Dictionary of Psychology"</a>. <i>www.apa.org</i>. American Psychological Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>a process in which an individual unconsciously incorporates... the attitudes, values, and qualities of another person or a part of another person's personality. Introjection may occur, for example, in the mourning process for a loved one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.apa.org&rft.atitle=The+American+Psychological+Association+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fintrojection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westen1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westen1999_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesten1999" class="citation journal cs1">Westen, Drew (1999). "The Scientific Status of Unconscious Processes: Is Freud Really Dead?". <i>Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association</i>. <b>47</b> (4): 1061–1106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000306519904700404">10.1177/000306519904700404</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10650551">10650551</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207080">207080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Psychoanalytic+Association&rft.atitle=The+Scientific+Status+of+Unconscious+Processes%3A+Is+Freud+Really+Dead%3F&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1061-1106&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207080%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10650551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000306519904700404&rft.aulast=Westen&rft.aufirst=Drew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:222-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:222_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:222_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinshelwood1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._D._Hinshelwood" title="R. D. Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood, R. D.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/245092">"The Social Relocation of Personal Identity as Shown by Psychoanalytic Observations of Splitting, Projection, and Introjection"</a>. <i>Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 185–204. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-3303">1086-3303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy%2C+Psychiatry%2C+%26+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+Social+Relocation+of+Personal+Identity+as+Shown+by+Psychoanalytic+Observations+of+Splitting%2C+Projection%2C+and+Introjection&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=185-204&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=1086-3303&rft.aulast=Hinshelwood&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F245092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffe2018" class="citation book cs1">Jaffe, Charles M. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_12-1">"Introjection in Psychoanalytic Couple and Family Therapy"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy</i>. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1">10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_12-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-15877-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-15877-8"><bdi>978-3-319-15877-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220278667">220278667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introjection+in+Psychoanalytic+Couple+and+Family+Therapy&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Couple+and+Family+Therapy&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220278667%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-15877-8&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_12-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalancharuvil2004" class="citation journal cs1">Malancharuvil, Joseph M. (2004-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11231-004-4325-y">"Projection, Introjection, and Projective Identification: A Reformulation"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Psychoanalysis</i>. <b>64</b> (4): 375–382. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11231-004-4325-y">10.1007/s11231-004-4325-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-6741">1573-6741</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577283">15577283</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19730486">19730486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Psychoanalysis&rft.atitle=Projection%2C+Introjection%2C+and+Projective+Identification%3A+A+Reformulation&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=375-382&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.issn=1573-6741&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19730486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15577283&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11231-004-4325-y&rft.aulast=Malancharuvil&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11231-004-4325-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A form of taking the outside world into the inner world, being focused on bodily sensation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErskine2018" class="citation book cs1">Erskine, Richard G. (2018-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBVWDwAAQBAJ&dq=Introjection+relational+mechanism&pg=PT35"><i>Relational Patterns, Therapeutic Presence: Concepts and Practice of Integrative Psychotherapy</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429918513" title="Special:BookSources/9780429918513"><bdi>9780429918513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relational+Patterns%2C+Therapeutic+Presence%3A+Concepts+and+Practice+of+Integrative+Psychotherapy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft.isbn=9780429918513&rft.aulast=Erskine&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBVWDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIntrojection%2Brelational%2Bmechanism%26pg%3DPT35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therapistdevelopmentcenter.com/blog/introjection-internalization-identification-oh-my">"Introjection, Internalization, Identification, Oh My!"</a>. <i>Therapist Development Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapist+Development+Center&rft.atitle=Introjection%2C+Internalization%2C+Identification%2C+Oh+My%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherapistdevelopmentcenter.com%2Fblog%2Fintrojection-internalization-identification-oh-my&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15577283-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15577283_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalancharuvil_JM2004" class="citation journal cs1">Malancharuvil JM (December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0002-9548&volume=64&page=375">"Projection, introjection, and projective identification: a reformulation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Am J Psychoanal</i>. <b>64</b> (4): 375–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11231-004-4325-y">10.1007/s11231-004-4325-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577283">15577283</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19730486">19730486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Psychoanal&rft.atitle=Projection%2C+introjection%2C+and+projective+identification%3A+a+reformulation&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=375-82&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19730486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15577283&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11231-004-4325-y&rft.au=Malancharuvil+JM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kluweronline.com%2Fart.pdf%3Fissn%3D0002-9548%26volume%3D64%26page%3D375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Winnicott, D.W. <i>Home is Where We Start From: Essays by a Psychoanalyst</i>. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1986. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWollheim1981" class="citation book cs1">Wollheim, Richard (1981). <i>Sigmund Freud</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052128385X" title="Special:BookSources/052128385X"><bdi>052128385X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sigmund+Freud&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=052128385X&rft.aulast=Wollheim&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntrojection" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Derrida, "Foreword", Nicolas Abraham/Maria Torok, <i>The Wolf Man's Secret Word</i> (1986) p. xvii and p. 119n</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perls, F., <i>Ego, Hunger and Aggression</i> (1942, 1947) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939266-18-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-939266-18-0">0-939266-18-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wysong, J./Rosenfeld, E.(eds.): <i>An oral history of Gestalt therapy. Interviews with Laura Perls, Isadore From, Erving Polster, <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Polster" title="Miriam Polster">Miriam Polster</a></i>, Highland, N.Y. 1982, p. 6.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Defence_mechanisms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanism" title="Defence mechanism">Defence mechanisms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms#Level_1:_pathological" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">Level 1: Pathological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">Delusional projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_(Freud)" title="Denial (Freud)">Denial or abnegation (German: <i>Verneinung</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial" title="Denial">Psychotic denial or disavowal (German: <i>Verleugnung</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_distortion" title="Cognitive distortion">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreclosure_(psychoanalysis)" title="Foreclosure (psychoanalysis)">Foreclosure or repudiation (German: <i>Verwerfung</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Extreme projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_with_the_Aggressor" title="Identification with the Aggressor">Identification with the Aggressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splitting_(psychology)" title="Splitting (psychology)">Splitting (Black-and-white thinking)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms#Level_2:_immature" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">Level 2: Immature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_out" title="Acting out">Acting out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(psychology)" title="Fantasy (psychology)">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealization_and_devaluation" title="Idealization and devaluation">Idealization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Introjection (Internalization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive-aggressive_behavior" title="Passive-aggressive behavior">Passive-aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projective_identification" title="Projective identification">Projective identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatization" title="Somatization">Somatization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms#Level_3:_neurotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">Level 3: Neurotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(psychology)" title="Displacement (psychology)">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissociation_(psychology)" title="Dissociation (psychology)">Dissociation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochondriasis" title="Hypochondriasis">Hypochondriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectualization" title="Intellectualization">Intellectualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_(psychology)" title="Isolation (psychology)">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(psychology)" title="Rationalization (psychology)">Rationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_formation" title="Reaction formation">Reaction formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regression_(psychology)" title="Regression (psychology)">Regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repression_(psychoanalysis)" title="Repression (psychoanalysis)">Repression (German: <i>Verdrängung</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undoing_(psychology)" title="Undoing (psychology)">Undoing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms#Level_4:_mature" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">Level 4: Mature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticipation" title="Anticipation">Anticipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(psychology)" title="Sublimation (psychology)">Sublimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_self-regulation" title="Emotional self-regulation">Suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compartmentalization_(psychology)" title="Compartmentalization (psychology)">Compartmentalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_pessimism" title="Defensive pessimism">Defensive pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimisation_(psychology)" title="Minimisation (psychology)">Minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postponement_of_affect" title="Postponement of affect">Postponement of affect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parenting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Parent">Parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloparenting" title="Alloparenting">Alloparenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coparenting" title="Coparenting">Coparenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_family" title="Extended family">Extended family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncustodial_parent" title="Noncustodial parent">Noncustodial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">Orphaned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_parenting" title="Shared parenting">Shared parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">Single parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepfamily" title="Stepfamily">Blended family</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">Human development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Identity formation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Introjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_bond" title="Maternal bond">Maternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature versus nurture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">Paternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_emotional_development" title="Social emotional development">Social emotional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social psychology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parenting_styles" title="Parenting styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achievement_ideology" title="Achievement ideology">Achievement ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_personality" title="Atlas personality">Atlas personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_parenting" title="Attachment parenting">Attachment parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_talk" title="Baby talk">Baby talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-like_mindset" title="Buddha-like mindset">Buddha-like parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerted_cultivation" title="Concerted cultivation">Concerted cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmeshment" title="Enmeshment">Enmeshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-range_parenting" title="Free-range parenting">Free-range parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper_parent" title="Gatekeeper parent">Gatekeeper parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_parent" title="Helicopter parent">Helicopter parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurturant_parent_model" title="Nurturant parent model">Nurturant parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_parenting" title="Slow parenting">Slow parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccer_mom" title="Soccer mom">Soccer mom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strict_father_model" title="Strict father model">Strict father model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_Children_Seriously" title="Taking Children Seriously">Taking children seriously</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theybie" class="mw-redirect" title="Theybie">Theybie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_parenting" title="Tiger parenting">Tiger parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_at_home_parent" title="Work at home parent">Work at home parent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/After-school_activity" title="After-school activity">After-school activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allowance_(money)#Allowances_for_children" title="Allowance (money)">Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime" title="Bedtime">Bedtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">Child care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-sleeping" title="Co-sleeping">Co-sleeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishabituation" title="Dishabituation">Dishabituation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habituation" title="Habituation">Habituation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">Identification (psychology)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Introjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommune_1" title="Kommune 1">Kommune 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latchkey_kid" title="Latchkey kid">Latchkey kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_social_influence" title="Normative social influence">Normative social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent_management_training" title="Parent management training">Parent management training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">Play</a> (<a href="/wiki/Play_date" title="Play date">date</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">Role model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk (race)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_birds_and_the_bees" title="The birds and the bees">The talk (sex education)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">Toy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Educational_toy" title="Educational toy">educational</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_P_(parenting_program)" title="Triple P (parenting program)">Positive Parenting Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Child_discipline" title="Child discipline">Child discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_training" title="Blanket training">Blanket training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_the_home" title="Corporal punishment in the home">Corporal punishment in the home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grounding_(discipline_technique)" title="Grounding (discipline technique)">Grounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_discipline" title="Positive discipline">Positive discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_treatment" title="Silent treatment">Tactical ignoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-out_(parenting)" title="Time-out (parenting)">Time-out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_childhood_experiences" title="Adverse childhood experiences">Adverse childhood experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abandonment" title="Child abandonment">Child abandonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">Child neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_effect" title="Cinderella effect">Cinderella effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codependency" title="Codependency">Codependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">Dysfunctional family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of domestic violence">Effects of domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_parent" title="Narcissistic parent">Narcissistic parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_abuse_by_children" title="Parental abuse by children">Parental abuse by children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_in_early_childhood" title="Stress in early childhood">Stress in early childhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal and<br />social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">Child support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_raising_a_child" title="Cost of raising a child">Cost of raising a child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadbeat_parent" title="Deadbeat parent">Deadbeat parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disownment" title="Disownment">Disownment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_disruption" title="Family disruption">Family disruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_family_life" title="Right to family life">Right to family life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_domestic_violence" title="Management of domestic violence">Management of domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_alienation" title="Parental alienation">Parental alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_responsibility_(access_and_custody)" title="Parental responsibility (access and custody)">Parental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_rights_movement" title="Parents' rights movement">Parents' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_law" title="Paternity law">Paternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_parenting" title="Shared parenting">Shared parenting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ainsworth" title="Mary Ainsworth">Mary Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowlby" title="John Bowlby">John Bowlby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Berry_Brazelton" title="T. Berry Brazelton">T. Berry Brazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Dreikurs" title="Rudolf Dreikurs">Rudolf Dreikurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Elkind" title="David Elkind">David Elkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Frost" title="Jo Frost">Jo Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ginott" title="Haim Ginott">Haim Ginott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_(psychologist)" title="Thomas Gordon (psychologist)">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_E._Kazdin" title="Alan E. Kazdin">Alan E. Kazdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truby_King" title="Truby King">Truby King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Lareau" title="Annette Lareau">Annette Lareau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Leach" title="Penelope Leach">Penelope Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Sanders_(parenting_researcher)" title="Matthew Sanders (parenting researcher)">Matthew Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sears_(physician)" title="William Sears (physician)">William Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Families_Need_Fathers" title="Families Need Fathers">Families Need Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_Apart_from_Their_Children" title="Mothers Apart from Their Children">Mothers Apart from Their Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Union" title="Mothers' Union">Mothers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Childbirth_Trust" title="National Childbirth Trust">National Childbirth Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fatherhood_Initiative" title="National Fatherhood Initiative">National Fatherhood Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parents_Organization" title="National Parents Organization">National Parents Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93teacher_association" title="Parent–teacher association">Parent–teacher association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Against_Child_Exploitation" title="Parents Against Child Exploitation">Parents Against Child Exploitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introjection&oldid=1252961728">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introjection&oldid=1252961728</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defence_mechanisms" title="Category:Defence mechanisms">Defence mechanisms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychoanalytic_terminology" title="Category:Psychoanalytic terminology">Psychoanalytic terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freudian_psychology" title="Category:Freudian psychology">Freudian psychology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_split_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles to be split from November 2023">Articles to be split from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_split" title="Category:All articles to be split">All articles to be split</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_October_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2021">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 18:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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