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Disponibil în 10 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Класификация на минералите – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класификация на минералите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renkadur_ar_maenado%C3%B9" title="Renkadur ar maenadoù – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Renkadur ar maenadoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematick%C3%A1_mineralogie" title="Systematická mineralogie – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Systematická mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematik_der_Minerale" title="Systematik der Minerale – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Systematik der Minerale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_minerals" title="Classification of minerals – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Classification of minerals" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Classification des minéraux – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification des minéraux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D6%85%D5%A3%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80)" title="Դասակարգում (օգտակար հանածոներ) – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դասակարգում (օգտակար հանածոներ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_dei_minerali" title="Classificazione dei minerali – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione dei minerali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Minerals_by_classification" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2976560" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Clasa mineralului</b> este o listă întocmită de mineralogul și profesorul <a href="/wiki/Emerit" title="Emerit">emerit</a> german „Hugo Strunz” (1910-2006), listă recunoscută în anul 2004 de „International Mineralogical Association” (IMA). Această sistematică clasifică elementele după cum urmează: </p><p>În sistematica modernă mineralele au fost reclasificate, luându-se în considerare strucura lor chimică și cristalografică: </p> <ol><li><b>Elemente native</b>, sunt elemente chimice care se găsesc în natură în forme pure necombinate; se cunosc 23 asemenea elemente (18 metale și 5 nemetale), formele lor modificate și unele aliaje. Exemple: <a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">cupru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapkeit" title="Hapkeit">hapkeit</a> (Fe<sub>2</sub>S), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moissanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moissanit — pagină inexistentă">moissanit</a> (SiC), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schreibersit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schreibersit — pagină inexistentă">schreibersit</a> ((Fe,Ni)<sub>3</sub>P)</li> <li><b>Sulfiți și săruri de sulf</b>, sunt combinații dintre <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulf</a> și <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">telur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stibiu" title="Stibiu">stibiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>. În această categorie intră cca. 600 de minerale. Exemple: <a href="/wiki/Galen%C4%83" title="Galenă">galenă</a> (PbS), <a href="/wiki/Pirit%C4%83" title="Pirită">pirită</a> (FeS<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Blend%C4%83" title="Blendă">blendă</a> (ZnS), <a href="/wiki/Cinabru" title="Cinabru">cinabru</a> (HgS)</li> <li><b>Halogenați</b> cca. 140 de halogenide constau dintr-o legătură a halogenilor (<a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">brom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iod</a>) cu cationii de <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">potasiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">calciu</a>, exemple: <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorit">fluorit</a> (Ca F<sub>2</sub>) <a href="/wiki/Halit" class="mw-redirect" title="Halit">halit</a> (sare gemă, NaCl), <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_amoniu" title="Clorură de amoniu">clorură de amoniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvin%C4%83" title="Silvină">silvină</a>.</li> <li><b>Oxizi și hidroxizi</b> s-au format printr-o legătură a unui metal sau nemetal cu <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigenul</a> sau cu o grupare hidroxilică (-OH). Astfel au luat naștere cca. 400 de oxizi respectiv hidroxizi, exemple: <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">spinel</a> (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit">hematit</a> (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Magnetit" title="Magnetit">magnetit</a> (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), corindon (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Pehblend%C4%83" title="Pehblendă">pehblendă</a> (UO<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Goethit" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethit">goethit</a> (FeO(OH)).</li> <li><b>Carbonați ,nitrați, borați:</b> în această categorie intră sărurile acidului carbonic, boric și azotic. Exemple: <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">aragonit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azurit" title="Azurit">azurit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit" class="mw-disambig" title="Dolomit">dolomit</a> (CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Calcit" title="Calcit">calcit</a> (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Malachit" title="Malachit">malachit</a> (Cu<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">borax</a> (Na<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub> · 8 H<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassolit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassolit — pagină inexistentă">sassolit</a> (H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><b>Sulfați, selenați, telurați, cromați, molibdenați, wolframați:</b> aici intră săruri ale acidului sulfuric, cromic, molibdenic și wolframic. Această grupă cuprinde cca. 700 de minerale. Exemple: <a href="/wiki/Anhidrit" title="Anhidrit">anhidrit</a>(CaSO<sub>4</sub>), gips (CaSO<sub>4</sub> · H<sub>2</sub>O), apatit (Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(F,Cl,OH)), <a href="/wiki/Turcoaz" class="mw-disambig" title="Turcoaz">turcoaz</a> (CuAl<sub>6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub> · 5H<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/wiki/Carnotit" title="Carnotit">carnotit</a> (K<sub>2</sub>(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 3H<sub>2</sub>·), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legrandit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legrandit — pagină inexistentă">legrandit</a> (Zn<sub>2</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)·H<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wulfenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wulfenit — pagină inexistentă">wulfenit</a> (PbMoO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Wolframit" title="Wolframit">wolframit</a> ((Fe,Mn)WO<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><b>Fosfați, arsenați, vanadați:</b> aici intră săruri ale acizilor cu formula generală H<sub>3</sub>XO<sub>4</sub> unde X poate fi înlocuit cu elementele <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu">vanadiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>. Exemple: adamin, berlinit, descloizit, fluorapatit, mottramit, piromorfit.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Silica%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicați">Silicați</a> (și germanați) :</b> această grupă de minerale este cea mai numeroasă, gruparea tetraedrică [ SiO<sub>4</sub>]<sub>4</sub> stând la baza <a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Structură">structurii</a> mineralelor. Exemple: <a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">almandin</a> (Fe<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)), <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a> (ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Andaluzit" title="Andaluzit">andaluzit</a> (Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a> (Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>(OH,F)<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Beril" title="Beril">beril</a>(Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordierit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordierit — pagină inexistentă">cordierit</a> (Mg<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>O<sub>18</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Epidot" title="Epidot">epidot</a> (Ca<sub>2</sub>(Al,Fe<sup>III</sup>,Mg)<sub>3</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH), <a href="/wiki/Zoisit" title="Zoisit">zoisit</a> (Ca<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH))</li> <li><b>Minerale organice:</b> această categorie de minerale cuprinde sărurile acizilor organici alifatici și aromatici cu <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>m</sub>) și <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azot</a>, (de forma amidelor R-X(=O)<sub>n</sub>-NR'<sub>2</sub> sau acizilor heterociclici) și <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83%C8%99in%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Rășină">rășini</a>. Exemple: : <a href="/wiki/Abelsonit" title="Abelsonit">abelsonit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melit — pagină inexistentă">melit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evenkit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evenkit — pagină inexistentă">evenkit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chihlimbar" title="Chihlimbar">chihlimbarul</a> nu este considerat mineral de către <b> IMA</b> (International Mineralogical Association).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clasificarea_mineralelor&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clasificarea_mineralelor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ima-mineralogy.org//">International Mineralogical Association</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clasificarea_mineralelor&oldid=14677284">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clasificarea_mineralelor&oldid=14677284</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Clasificarea_mineralelor" title="Categorie:Clasificarea mineralelor">Clasificarea mineralelor</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 6 decembrie 2021, ora 11:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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