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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remaining_in_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Remaining in politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remaining_in_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_Treasurer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_Treasurer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Provincial Treasurer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_Treasurer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Back_to_Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Back_to_Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Back to Opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Back_to_Opposition-sublist" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert Nixon</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">OOnt</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Nixon-c1971_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Robert_Nixon-c1971_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="771" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Nixon <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1971</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_Ontario" title="Deputy Premier of Ontario">Deputy Premier of Ontario</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 29, 1987 – October 1, 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Stephenson" title="Bette Stephenson">Bette Stephenson</a> (1985)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Laughren" title="Floyd Laughren">Floyd Laughren</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Treasurer of Ontario</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 1985 – October 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Stephenson" title="Bette Stephenson">Bette Stephenson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Laughren" title="Floyd Laughren">Floyd Laughren</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 20, 1990 – July 31, 1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Elston" title="Murray Elston">Murray Elston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 25, 1982 – February 21, 1982</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 1967 – September 18, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Andy Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lewis" title="Stephen Lewis">Stephen Lewis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the Ontario Liberal Party</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 6, 1967 – January 25, 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Andy Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Ontario Provincial Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1962–1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nixon" title="Harry Nixon">Harry Nixon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Eddy" title="Ronald Eddy">Ronald Eddy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brant%E2%80%94Haldimand_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant—Haldimand (provincial electoral district)">Brant—Haldimand</a> (1987—1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brant_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (provincial electoral district)">Brant—Oxford—Norfolk</a> (1975—1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brant_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (provincial electoral district)">Brant</a> (1962—1975)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Fletcher Nixon</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1928-07-17</span>) </span>July 17, 1928<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 96)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/St._George,_Ontario" title="St. George, Ontario">St. George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Ontario">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Farmer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Fletcher Nixon</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">OOnt</a></span></span> (born July 17, 1928) is a retired Canadian politician in the province of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. The son of former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premier of Ontario</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Nixon" title="Harry Nixon">Harry Nixon</a>, he was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a> in a 1962 <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> following his father's death. The younger Nixon was elected leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Ontario Liberal Party</a> in 1967 and led them through three provincial elections, the first two where the Liberals retained their standing as the second-largest party and official opposition in the legislature. </p><p>Nixon resigned as party leader in 1976, and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Smith</a> after a leadership convention. Nixon remained a prominent member of the Liberal caucus after standing down from the party leadership, including two stints as interim opposition leader, and served as <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasurer of Ontario">Provincial Treasurer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_Ontario" title="Deputy Premier of Ontario">Deputy Premier</a> in the government of <a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a> from 1985 to 1990. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch,_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg/300px-New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg/450px-New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg/600px-New_Ontario_MPPs_welcomed_by_Speaker_William_Murdoch%2C_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Speaker <a href="/wiki/William_Murdoch_(politician)" title="William Murdoch (politician)">William Murdoch</a> welcomes three new MPPs, including Nixon, to the legislature in 1962.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nixon is the son of former Premier <a href="/wiki/Harry_Nixon" title="Harry Nixon">Harry Nixon</a> and father of former federal MP <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jane Stewart (politician)">Jane Stewart</a>. When his father, who had been a member of the legislature since the <a href="/wiki/1919_Ontario_general_election" title="1919 Ontario general election">1919 provincial election</a>, died on October 22, 1961, Nixon was chosen to run under the Liberal banner as his replacement. On January 18, 1962, he was elected as the member for the rural, southwestern Ontario riding of <a href="/wiki/Brant_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (provincial electoral district)">Brant</a>. At this time, Ontario was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party</a>, then led by <a href="/wiki/John_Robarts" title="John Robarts">John Robarts</a>. The PC party had won 71 of 98 seats in the previous general election, and had governed the province since 1943. Nixon was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/1963_Ontario_general_election" title="1963 Ontario general election">1963 provincial election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liberal Party had previously chosen <a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Andy Thompson</a> as its leader in <a href="/wiki/1964_Ontario_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" title="1964 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election">September 1964</a>, with the expectation that he would lead the party in the next provincial election. However, Thompson suffered a physical breakdown in late 1966 as a result of his involvement in an automobile accident in which two elderly women were seriously injured, and withdrew from the position on the advice of his doctors. Nixon was chosen as the party's interim leader on November 16, 1966, and soon declared his candidacy to become the party's full-time leader. When no other candidates came forward, Nixon was acclaimed as party leader and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)">Leader of the Opposition</a> on January 7, 1967. </p><p>Nixon led the Liberal Party into the <a href="/wiki/1967_Ontario_general_election" title="1967 Ontario general election">1967 provincial election</a>, held in October of that year. His campaign attempted to draw attention to water pollution and the high cost of housing in the province, though his efforts on the latter front were undercut by the federal <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> government's decision to increase interest payments on the National Housing Act in mid-campaign. Nixon increased the party's caucus in the Legislative Assembly from 23 to 28 seats (the total number of MPPs was increased from 108 to 117 in this election, and that the third-place <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> increased its representation from seven MPPs to twenty). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Robarts stepped down as Tory leader and Premier in 1971, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Davis" title="Bill Davis">William Davis</a>. Davis led the Tories to an increased majority in the <a href="/wiki/1971_Ontario_general_election" title="1971 Ontario general election">1971 provincial election</a>. Nixon's Liberals were reduced to 20 seats, only one more than the NDP, and the party's share of the popular vote sank to its lowest level in nearly fifty years. Nixon had previously predicted 40 seats for his party, and decided to step down as leader after the election'. He formally resigned in 1972, remaining as interim leader until a permanent successor could be chosen. The convention was scheduled for <a href="/wiki/1973_Ontario_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" title="1973 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election">October 1973</a>. The Davis government was weakened by a series of corruption scandals. Nixon changed his mind about retirement and entered the leadership contest to succeed himself. He defeated <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cafik" title="Norman Cafik">Norman Cafik</a> on the third ballot, and resumed his official duties as party leader and leader of the opposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1975_election">1975 election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1975 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/1975_Ontario_general_election" title="1975 Ontario general election">1975 election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Tories</a> had been in power for thirty-two years. Nixon and the Liberals, along with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lewis" title="Stephen Lewis">Stephen Lewis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a>, led aggressive campaigns against Davis, with Nixon and Davis personally trading barbs. Polls taken shortly before the election showed the Liberals with a provincial lead. The Tories were reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> for the first time since 1945. While the Liberals increased their caucus from 20 to 35 seats, however, the NDP caucus increased from 19 to 38 seats, and became the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Opposition">Official Opposition</a> for the first time since 1951. Due to the almost even split between opposition parties and the fact that both the Liberals and the NDP hoped to win the next election, the two opposition parties were unable and unwilling to form a coalition to replace the Conservatives, and the Davis government was able to survive. For the next two years, the NDP offered unofficial support to the Davis government on several issues. Nixon resigned as leader for a second time and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Smith</a> in 1976. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remaining_in_politics">Remaining in politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Remaining in politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nixon remained in the legislature, however, although he did not have any official parliamentary duties from 1976 to 1982. When Smith resigned as leader following a poor performance in the <a href="/wiki/1981_Ontario_general_election" title="1981 Ontario general election">1981 provincial election</a>, Nixon briefly returned as interim leader of the opposition from January 25 to February 21, 1982, when <a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a> was chosen as Smith's replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are reports that Nixon wanted to resign from provincial politics in 1984, and that he was actively seeking an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canadian Senate</a>. He was eventually talked out of this by Liberal organizer <a href="/wiki/Keith_Davey" title="Keith Davey">Keith Davey</a>, who emphasized that Peterson needed his experience and argued that the Liberals could win the next provincial election. Nixon remained, and surprised some reporters prior to the <a href="/wiki/1985_Ontario_general_election" title="1985 Ontario general election">1985 provincial election</a> by openly speculating about a future Liberal-NDP coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_Treasurer">Provincial Treasurer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Provincial Treasurer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The election itself produced no clear winner. The Progressive Conservatives, now under <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Frank Miller</a>, were again reduced to a minority government, winning 52 seats out of 125. Unlike the situation in 1975, however, the Liberals clearly emerged as the dominant opposition party with 48 seats and a narrow victory over the Tories in the popular vote. Nixon took part in post-election negotiations with the third-place NDP, and helped bring about a two-year accord between the two parties, in which the NDP gave support to the Liberals in return for progressive legislation in certain fields. </p><p>The Progressive Conservative government was defeated in the house on June 26, 1985, and Nixon was sworn in as Peterson's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Finance (Ontario)">Treasurer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Economics_(Ontario)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Economics (Ontario) (page does not exist)">Minister of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Revenue_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Revenue (Ontario)">Minister of Revenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_House_Leader_(Ontario)" title="Government House Leader (Ontario)">Government House Leader</a> in the first Ontario Liberal administration in forty-two years. From June 17, 1986, until the <a href="/wiki/1987_Ontario_general_election" title="1987 Ontario general election">1987 provincial election</a>, he also served as interim <a href="/wiki/Management_Board_Secretariat_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Management Board Secretariat (Ontario)">Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet</a>. </p><p>The Liberals won a majority in the 1987 election, and Nixon was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_Ontario" title="Deputy Premier of Ontario">Deputy Premier</a> on September 29 of that year, also retaining the positions of Treasurer, Minister of Economics and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Financial_Institutions_(Ontario)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Financial Institutions (Ontario) (page does not exist)">Minister of Financial Institutions</a>. He remained in these positions for the remainder of Peterson's time in government. His government produced balanced budgets in 1989 and 1990, although some opposition members later criticized the methodology used to calculate revenues and expenditures in this period. In 1989, Nixon eliminated individual Ontario Health Insurance Plan premium charges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Back_to_Opposition">Back to Opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Back to Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nixon's tenure as Treasurer ended with the <a href="/wiki/1990_Ontario_general_election" title="1990 Ontario general election">provincial election of 1990</a>, as Peterson's Liberals were upset by the NDP under <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>. Peterson lost his seat, and Nixon fell below 50% support in his own riding for the only time in his career as he defeated an NDP challenger by about 1,500 votes. Peterson resigned as Liberal leader immediately after the election, and Nixon once again became his party's interim leader on September 13, 1990, as well as leader of the opposition when the legislature returned to sit in November 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nixon resigned from the legislature on July 31, 1991, accepting a federal appointment from the <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a> government to conduct a review of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada_Limited" title="Atomic Energy of Canada Limited">Atomic Energy of Canada Limited</a> (Nixon later served as chair of this <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">crown corporation</a> from 1994 to 2001). He and his father had represented the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> of Brant continuously from 1919 until 1991. In the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a>, the riding elected Nixon's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jane Stewart (politician)">Jane Stewart</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, where she served in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a>. </p><p>In 1992 Nixon was appointed <a href="/wiki/Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a> of Ontario to the United Kingdom. He held this position until the London office, and 18 other offices throughout the world, was closed by Bob Rae's NDP government as an economy measure in the mid-90s. Nixon supported <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kennedy" title="Gerard Kennedy">Gerard Kennedy</a> for the leadership of the provincial Liberal Party in 1996 and former <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a> leader and Premier <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">federal Liberal leadership</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 2006 leadership race. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Ontario_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election">2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election</a> Nixon endorsed <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Pupatello" title="Sandra Pupatello">Sandra Pupatello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, he was made a member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">Order of Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Andy Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Leader of the Ontario Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1967–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Leader of the Ontario Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1990–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Elston" title="Murray Elston">Murray Elston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Andy Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)">Leader of the Opposition in the<br /> Ontario Legislature</a> </b><br />1967–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lewis" title="Stephen Lewis">Stephen Lewis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Stuart Lyon Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)">Leader of the Opposition in the<br /> Ontario Legislature</a> </b><br />1982 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)">Leader of the Opposition in the<br /> Ontario Legislature</a> </b><br />1990–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Elston" title="Murray Elston">Murray Elston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Stephenson" title="Bette Stephenson">Bette Stephenson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Finance (Ontario)">Treasurer of Ontario</a> </b><br />1985–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Laughren" title="Floyd Laughren">Floyd Laughren</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Howlett_Dean" title="Gordon Howlett Dean">Gordon Howlett Dean</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Revenue_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Revenue (Ontario)">Minister of Revenue</a> </b><br />1985–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Grandma%C3%AEtre" title="Bernard Grandmaître">Bernard Grandmaître</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record_(partial)"><span id="Electoral_record_.28partial.29"></span>Electoral record (partial)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electoral record (partial)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Template:1971 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1971_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Template talk:1971 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1971_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1971 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1971_Ontario_general_election" title="1971 Ontario general election">1971 Ontario general election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brant_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (provincial electoral district)">Brant</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Nixon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,846</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.98</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>J. Pryor Harris</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,147</td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.66</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dave_Neumann" title="Dave Neumann">Dave Neumann</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,359</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total valid votes </th> <th style="text-align:right;">17,352 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100.00 </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots </th> <th style="text-align:right;">81 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Turnout </th> <th style="text-align:right;">17,433 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">73.31 </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Electors on the lists </th> <th style="text-align:right;">23,780 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1967_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Template:1967 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1967_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Template talk:1967 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1967_Ontario_general_election/Brant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1967 Ontario general election/Brant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1967_Ontario_general_election" title="1967 Ontario general election">1967 Ontario general election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brant_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant (provincial electoral district)">Brant</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Nixon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,859</td> <td style="text-align:right;">57.21</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>J. Pryor Harris</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,176</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.40</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Suzanne Blackburn</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,702</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.39</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total valid votes </th> <th style="text-align:right;">13,737 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100.00 </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots </th> <th style="text-align:right;">67 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Turnout </th> <th style="text-align:right;">13,804 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">67.44 </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Electors on the lists </th> <th style="text-align:right;">20,470 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Source: Return from the Records of the General Election held on the 3rd and 17th of October 1967; Printed by Order of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ontario-election-globe-endorsements-from-1981-to-present/article19021451/?page=all">"Ontario election: Globe editorial endorsements from 1981 to present"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. June 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Ontario+election%3A+Globe+editorial+endorsements+from+1981+to+present&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fontario-election-globe-endorsements-from-1981-to-present%2Farticle19021451%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Nixon+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvo.org/article/current-affairs/the-year-the-tories-big-blue-machine-came-sputtering-to-a-stop">"The year the Tories' 'Big Blue Machine' came sputtering to a stop"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+year+the+Tories%27+%27Big+Blue+Machine%27+came+sputtering+to+a+stop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvo.org%2Farticle%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fthe-year-the-tories-big-blue-machine-came-sputtering-to-a-stop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Nixon+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615222211/http://www.bobrae.ca/en/news.php">"Robert Nixon, former Treasurer and Ontario Liberal Leader, Endorses Bob Rae"</a>. Liberal Party of Ontario. June 14, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bobrae.ca/en/news.php#16">the original</a> on June 15, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Nixon%2C+former+Treasurer+and+Ontario+Liberal+Leader%2C+Endorses+Bob+Rae&rft.pub=Liberal+Party+of+Ontario&rft.date=2006-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobrae.ca%2Fen%2Fnews.php%2316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Nixon+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130110144810/http://signup4sandra.ca/long-serving-liberal-party-luminaries-endorse-pupatello/">"Long-Serving Liberal Party Luminaries Endorse Pupatello"</a>. Signup4Sandra.ca. December 12, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://signup4sandra.ca/long-serving-liberal-party-luminaries-endorse-pupatello/">the original</a> on January 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long-Serving+Liberal+Party+Luminaries+Endorse+Pupatello&rft.pub=Signup4Sandra.ca&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsignup4sandra.ca%2Flong-serving-liberal-party-luminaries-endorse-pupatello%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Nixon+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2015/02/new-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario-1.html">"New Appointees to the Order of Ontario"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Appointees+to+the+Order+of+Ontario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ontario.ca%2Fmci%2Fen%2F2015%2F02%2Fnew-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Nixon+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nixon_(politician)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_McLeod" title="Lyn McLeod">Lyn McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Oddie" title="Lily Oddie">Lily Oddie Munro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Neil" title="Hugh O'Neil">Hugh O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Offer" title="Steve Offer">Steve Offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Patten" title="Richard Patten">Richard Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Phillips" title="Gerry Phillips">Gerry Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ramsay_(Ontario_politician)" title="David Ramsay (Ontario politician)">David Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Riddell" title="Jack Riddell">Jack Riddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ruprecht" title="Tony Ruprecht">Tony Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Scott_(Ontario_politician)" title="Ian Scott (Ontario politician)">Ian Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Joan_Smith" title="Elizabeth Joan Smith">Joan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Sorbara" title="Greg Sorbara">Greg Sorbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sweeney_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Sweeney (Canadian politician)">John Sweeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Van_Horne" title="Ron Van Horne">Ron Van Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(Canadian_politician)" title="Chris Ward (Canadian politician)">Chris Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Wilson" title="Mavis Wilson">Mavis Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wong" title="Bob Wong">Bob Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Wrye" title="Bill Wrye">Bill Wrye</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Peterson_(2005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peterson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/David_Peterson_%282005%29.jpg/75px-David_Peterson_%282005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Brown (Canadian politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_McKellar" title="Archibald McKellar">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mowat" title="Oliver Mowat">Mowat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sturgis_Hardy" title="Arthur Sturgis Hardy">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Ross" title="George William Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grant_MacKay" title="Alexander Grant MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Rowell" title="Newton Rowell">Rowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Proudfoot" title="William Proudfoot">Proudfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Dewart" title="Hartley Dewart">Dewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Hay" title="Wellington Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._N._Sinclair" title="W. E. N. Sinclair">Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Hepburn" title="Mitchell Hepburn">Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Daniel_Conant" title="Gordon Daniel Conant">Conant</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nixon" title="Harry Nixon">H. Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Hepburn" title="Mitchell Hepburn">Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Oliver" title="Farquhar Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Thomson" title="Walter Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Oliver" title="Farquhar Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wintermeyer" title="John Wintermeyer">Wintermeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Oliver" title="Farquhar Oliver">Oliver</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thompson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Andy Thompson (Canadian politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lyon_Smith" title="Stuart Lyon Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Nixon</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Elston" title="Murray Elston">Elston</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bradley_(politician)" title="Jim Bradley (politician)">Bradley</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_McLeod" title="Lyn McLeod">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">McGuinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Wynne" title="Kathleen Wynne">Wynne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fraser_(Ontario_MPP)" title="John Fraser (Ontario MPP)">Fraser</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Del_Duca" title="Steven Del Duca">Del Duca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fraser_(Ontario_MPP)" title="John Fraser (Ontario MPP)">Fraser</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Crombie" title="Bonnie Crombie">Crombie</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Trillium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Red_Trillium.svg/40px-Red_Trillium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Red_Trillium.svg/60px-Red_Trillium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Red_Trillium.svg/80px-Red_Trillium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>† Interim leader</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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