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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historien_til_filosofisk_idealisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historien_til_filosofisk_idealisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historien til filosofisk idealisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historien_til_filosofisk_idealisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Idealisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 86 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughyggja" title="Hughyggja – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hughyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismus" title="Idealismus – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Idealismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%90%E1%88%B3%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ሐሳባዊነት – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሐሳባዊነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مثالية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مثالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismu" title="Idealismu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idealismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dealizm" title="İdealizm – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdealizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="ایدئالیسم – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایدئالیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ভাববাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাববাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan-li%C4%81m-l%C5%ABn" title="Koan-liām-lūn – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koan-liām-lūn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ідэалізм – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідэалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ідэалізм – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ідэалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Идеализъм – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идеализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismus" title="Idealismus – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Idealismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismus" title="Idealismus – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Idealismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ιδεαλισμός – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιδεαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideismo" title="Ideismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ideismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="ایدئالیسم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایدئالیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisme_(philosophie)" title="Idéalisme (philosophie) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Idéalisme (philosophie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="唯心主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EB%85%90%EB%A1%A0" title="관념론 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관념론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Իդեալիզմ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իդեալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आदर्शवाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आदर्शवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizam" title="Idealizam – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Idealizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אידיאליזם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אידיאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82" title="ಐಡಿಯಲಿಸಂ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಡಿಯಲಿಸಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იდეალიზმი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იდეალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Идеализм – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Идеализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meng%C3%AEwer%C3%AE" title="Mengîwerî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mengîwerî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Идеализм – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Идеализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ຈິຕະນິຍົມ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈິຕະນິຍົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismus" title="Idealismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Idealismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ide%C4%81lisms" title="Ideālisms – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ideālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizmas" title="Idealizmas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Idealizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizmus" title="Idealizmus – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idealizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Идеализам – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Идеализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ആശയവാദം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആശയവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आदर्शवाद – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आदर्शवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Идеализм – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Идеализм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आदर्शवाद – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आदर्शवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E5%BF%B5%E8%AB%96" title="観念論 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="観念論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idealisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaaddoyyummaa" title="Yaaddoyyummaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yaaddoyyummaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizm" title="Idealizm – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Idealizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਆਦਰਸ਼ਵਾਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਦਰਸ਼ਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ایډیالیزم – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایډیالیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidiilizim" title="Aidiilizim – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aidiilizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizm_(filozofia)" title="Idealizm (filozofia) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Idealizm (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Идеализм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идеализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizmi" title="Idealizmi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Idealizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Idealism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizmus" title="Idealizmus – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Idealizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizem" title="Idealizem – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Idealizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ئیدیالیزم – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیدیالیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Идеализам – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Идеализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealizam" title="Idealizam – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Idealizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9lalismeu" title="Idélalismeu – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Idélalismeu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismi" title="Idealismi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Idealismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலட்சியவாதம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலட்சியவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Идеализм – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Идеализм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dealizm" title="İdealizm – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İdealizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ідеалізм – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідеалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_duy_t%C3%A2m" title="Chủ nghĩa duy tâm – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa duy tâm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealismo" title="Idealismo – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Idealismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="唯心主义 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唯心主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="唯心論 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="唯心論" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唯心主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idialisme" title="Idialisme – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Idialisme" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å <a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&action=edit">forbedre</a> den. Mangler som er blitt anført: Det trengs både språkvask, kvalitetskontroll og utvidelse; se <a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Idealisme" title="Diskusjon:Idealisme">diskusjonssiden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg/250px-Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg/375px-Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Deutscher_Idealismus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>De fire viktigste tyske idealister – <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Schelling" title="Friedrich von Schelling">Schelling</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Idealisme</b> er den <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofiske</a> oppfatning at <a href="/wiki/Virkelighet" title="Virkelighet">virkeligheten</a> er grunnleggende <a href="/wiki/Mental" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental">mental</a>, mentalt konstruert, eller på annet vis immateriell.<sup id="cite_ref-Paponeau26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paponeau26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I motsetning til <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">materialismen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualismen</a> betrakter idealismen <a href="/wiki/Verden" title="Verden">verden</a> som noe som består av <a href="/wiki/%C3%85nd" title="Ånd">ånd</a> og/eller utgår fra ens <a href="/wiki/Bevissthet" title="Bevissthet">bevissthet</a>. </p><p>Idealismen har flere beslektede betydninger: </p> <ul><li>Som en <a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">ontologisk</a> lære betegner idealismen den filosofiske retningen som anser det <a href="/wiki/Sjelelig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjelelig">sjelelige</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ndelig" class="mw-redirect" title="Åndelig">åndelige</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Psykisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Psykisk">psykiske</a> som det eneste reelt eksisterende.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den fysiske verden forklares som et produkt eller en manifestering av den åndelige. Ontologisk idealisme er således en form for <a href="/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi">sinnsfilosofisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">monisme</a>. En av dens mest radikale utforminger er <a href="/wiki/Solipsisme" title="Solipsisme">solipsismen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistemologi">Epistemologisk</a> (erkjennelsesteoretisk) manifesterer idealismen seg som en <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme" title="Skeptisisme">skeptisisme</a> om muligheten for kunnskap uavhengig av sinnet.</li> <li>Idealisme eller <a href="/wiki/Idealisering" title="Idealisering">idealisering</a> kan også brukes om retninger innen <a href="/wiki/Billedkunst" title="Billedkunst">billedkunst</a> og <a href="/wiki/Litteratur" title="Litteratur">litteratur</a> som idealiserer virkeligheten, altså framstiller det typiske eller fullkomne og gir et forskjønnet bilde av verden, i motsetning til for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(kunst)" title="Realisme (kunst)">realisme</a> og <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalisme">naturalisme</a>.</li> <li>I en <a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">sosiologisk</a> mening framhever idealismen hvordan menneskelige ideer – tro og verdier – former samfunnet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I vanlig språkbruk og <a href="/wiki/Politisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk">politisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Retorikk" title="Retorikk">retorikk</a> er idealisme en uegoistisk innstilling eller handling som er styrt av ideelle formål, det vil si en uselvisk, gjerne svermerisk, hengivenhet for en sak eller en streben etter å virkeliggjøre visse <a href="/wiki/Ideal" title="Ideal">idealer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonymer</a> kan være «offervilje» og «uegennytte».</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historien_til_filosofisk_idealisme">Historien til filosofisk idealisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historien til filosofisk idealisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historien til filosofisk idealisme"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filosofisk idealisme finnes i flere former. Den ble utviklet i <a href="/wiki/Den_greske_antikken" class="mw-redirect" title="Den greske antikken">den greske antikken</a> med <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> som viktigste representant. Platons oppfatning var at <a href="/wiki/Id%C3%A9" title="Idé">idéene</a> (det åndelige) er <a href="/wiki/Virkeligheten" class="mw-redirect" title="Virkeligheten">den virkelige verden</a>, og at den <a href="/wiki/Materiell" title="Materiell">materielle</a> verdenen som vi kan <a href="/wiki/Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans">sanse</a>, bare er en lavere virkelighet som består av ufullkomne skygger av den åndelige virkeligheten. </p><p>Den idealistiske tanken innenfor filosofien kan deles i to retninger, <i>subjektiv idealisme</i> og <i>objektiv idealisme</i>. Den subjektive idealismen har som grunn for det eksisterende et individ, et subjekts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fornemmelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fornemmelse (ikke skrevet ennå)">fornemmelser</a>, forestillinger og bevissthet. Denne variantens fremste talsmann var den engelske biskopen og filosofen <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a>. Berkeley mente at det å eksistere er bli oppfattet.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han uttalte i <i>Principles of Human Knowledge</i> (1710)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at «Når det gjelder hva som er sagt om den absolutte eksistens til utenkelige ting uten noe forhold til om de blir oppfattet, virker det fullstendig ubegripelig. [...] heller ikke er det mulig at de skulle ha noen eksistens utenfor hjernene eller tenkende ting som oppfatter dem.»<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Til forskjell fra den subjektive idealismen tar den objektive idealismen (f.eks. Platons variant) ikke den personlige, subjektive <a href="/wiki/Bevissthet" title="Bevissthet">bevissthet</a> som grunn for det eksisterende, men en form for objektiv bevissthet, en «verdensfornuft», «den universelle <a href="/wiki/Vilje" title="Vilje">vilje</a>» og lignende. Dette eksisterer i henhold til de objektive idealistene selvstendig, uavhengig av menneskene. En objektiv idealist anser eksempelvis at når han snakker om reelt eksisterende <a href="/wiki/Eple" title="Eple">epler</a> og <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A6re" title="Pære">pærer</a> og fører den sammen i fellesbegrepet «<a href="/wiki/Frukt" title="Frukt">frukt</a>», er denne <a href="/wiki/Abstraksjon" title="Abstraksjon">abstraksjonen</a> av den reelle <a href="/wiki/Virkeligheten" class="mw-redirect" title="Virkeligheten">virkeligheten</a> med begrepet «frukt» selve grunnen for disse eplenes og pærenes eksistens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paponeau26-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paponeau26_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Paponeau, David, red. (2009): <i>Filosofi for vår tid</i>. Oversatt Jens Holmboe og Rune R. Moen, Oslo: Cappelen Damm, s. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Daniel Sommer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281802/idealism">«Idealism»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Macionis, John J. (2012): <i>Sociology</i>, 14. utg. Boston: Pearson. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780205116713" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-205-11671-3</a>. s. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/">«George Berkeley»</a>, <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Berkeley, George: <i>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/berkeley1710.pdf"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/berkeley1710.pdf">Principles of Human Knowledge<i></i></a><i> (PDF), Early Modern Texts</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sitert fra Paponeau, David, red. (2009): <i>Filosofi for vår tid</i>. Oversatt Jens Holmboe og Rune R. Moen, Oslo: Cappelen Damm, s. 28</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a> – som står i motsetning til metafysisk og til dels til politisk idealisme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solipsisme" title="Solipsisme">Solipsisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_idealisme" title="Tysk idealisme">Tysk idealisme</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filosofi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#f9dc7d;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Filosofi_navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mal:Filosofi navigation (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Filosofi_navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Filosofi navigation (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Filosofi_navigation" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Filosofi navigation"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filosofi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Allmänt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" title="Vestlig filosofi">Vestlig</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamsk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamsk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Islamsk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stlig_filosofi" title="Østlig filosofi">Østlig</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie" title="Filosofiens historie">Filosofiens historie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Försokratisk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Försokratisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_filosofi" title="Antikkens filosofi">Antiken</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Middelalderens_filosofi" title="Middelalderens filosofi">Middelalderen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renessansens_Filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renessansens Filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Renessansens Filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filosofi_p%C3%A5_1600-tallet" title="Filosofi på 1600-tallet">Filosofi på 1600-tallet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Opplysningsfilosofene" title="Opplysningsfilosofene">Opplysningsfilosofene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samtidsfilosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samtidsfilosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Samtidsfilosofi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer" title="Kategori:Filosofer">Filosofer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Sortering efter: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_epoke" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter epoke">epok</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_nasjonalitet" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter nasjonalitet">nasjonalitet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Filosofer_etter_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter religion (ikke skrevet ennå)">religion</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_tradisjon" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter tradisjon">tradisjon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_disiplin" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter disiplin">disiplin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Grener</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Traditionella</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axiologi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Axiologi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estetikk" title="Estetikk">Estetikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etik (ikke skrevet ennå)">Etik</a>)  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erkjennelsesteori" title="Erkjennelsesteori">Erkjennelsesteori</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Logikk" title="Logikk">Logikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metafysikk" title="Metafysikk">Metafysikk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Filosofi om…</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of artificial intelligence (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of artificial intelligence</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioethics (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bioethics</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_theory_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action theory (philosophy) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Action theory (philosophy)</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of history (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of history</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of war (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of war</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematisk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Matematik</a>[[:nn:Matematisk filosofi|[[[nn]]]] <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of medicine (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of medicine</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi">Sinnsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaphilosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaphilosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Metaphilosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Naturfilosofi" title="Naturfilosofi">Naturfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pedagogisk_filosofi" title="Pedagogisk filosofi">Pedagogisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rettsfilosofi" title="Rettsfilosofi">Rettsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sosialfilosofi" title="Sosialfilosofi">Sosialfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språkfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religionsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vitenskapsteori" title="Vitenskapsteori">Vitenskapsteori</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Skolor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie#Antikkens_filosofi" title="Filosofiens historie">Antiken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Chinese philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme" title="Konfusianisme">Konfusianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legalisme" title="Legalisme">Legalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mohismen" title="Mohismen">Mohismen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Navneskolen" title="Navneskolen">Navneskolen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Naturalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Naturalists (ikke skrevet ennå)">School of Naturalists</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Grekisk-romersk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelisme" title="Aristotelisme">Aristotelisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomisme" title="Atomisme">Atomisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eleatene" title="Eleatene">Eleatene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epikurisme" title="Epikurisme">Epikurisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rsokratikerne" title="Førsokratikerne">Førsokratikerne</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_joniska_naturfilosoferna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De joniska naturfilosoferna (ikke skrevet ennå)">De joniska naturfilosoferna</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efesiska_skolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efesiska skolan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Efesiska skolan</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kynisme" title="Kynisme">Kynisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kyreneikere" title="Kyreneikere">Kyreneikere</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mithras-kulten" title="Mithras-kulten">Mithras-kulten</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peripatos" title="Peripatos">Peripatos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Platonisme" title="Platonisme">Platonisme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nyplatonisme" title="Nyplatonisme">Ny</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pytagoreer" title="Pytagoreer">Pytagoreer</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopythagoreanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopythagoreanism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Neopythagoreanism</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sofistene" title="Sofistene">Sofistene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stoisisme" title="Stoisisme">Stoisisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Indian philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80j%C4%ABvika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ājīvika (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ājīvika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sautr%C4%81ntika" title="Sautrāntika">Sautrāntika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yogasutra" title="Yogasutra">Yogasutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middelalderens_filosofi" title="Middelalderens filosofi">Middelalderens filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" title="Vestlig filosofi">Vestlig filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Christian philosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skolastikk" title="Skolastikk">Skolastikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomisme" title="Thomisme">Thomisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Renessansehumanisme" title="Renessansehumanisme">Renessansehumanisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Islamic philosophy</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stlig_filosofi" title="Østlig filosofi">Østlig filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita_vedanta" title="Advaita vedanta">Advaita vedanta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dvaita Vedanta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianisme" title="Neokonfucianisme">Neokonfucianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Moderne tid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Allmänt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkisme" title="Anarkisme">Anarkisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesianisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Cartesianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Determinisme" title="Determinisme">Determinisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">Empirisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Foundationalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Historisisme" title="Historisisme">Historisisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Holisme" title="Holisme">Holisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">Humanisme</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihumanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihumanisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Antihumanisme</a>) <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Idealisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme">Individualisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivisme" title="Kollektivisme">Kollektivisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme">Konservatisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontraktualisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontraktualisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kontraktualisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">Liberalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monisme" 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title="Wienerkretsen">Wienerkretsen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruksjon_(filosofi)" title="Dekonstruksjon (filosofi)">Dekonstruksjon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurtskolen" title="Frankfurtskolen">Frankfurtskolen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_teori" title="Kritisk teori">Kritisk teori</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutikk" title="Hermeneutikk">Hermeneutikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" 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