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<li id="toc-The_Curb_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Curb_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Curb market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Curb_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizing_and_'Curb_list'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizing_and_'Curb_list'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Organizing and 'Curb list'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizing_and_'Curb_list'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920s-1940s:_Move_indoors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s-1940s:_Move_indoors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1920s-1940s: Move indoors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s-1940s:_Move_indoors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernization_as_the_American_Stock_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernization_as_the_American_Stock_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modernization as the American Stock Exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernization_as_the_American_Stock_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introducing_ETFs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introducing_ETFs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Introducing ETFs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introducing_ETFs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NYSE_merger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NYSE_merger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>NYSE merger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NYSE_merger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_americana" title="Bolsa americana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bolsa americana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Американска фондова борса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американска фондова борса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMEX" title="AMEX – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="AMEX" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ان‌وای‌اس‌ئی امریکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ان‌وای‌اس‌ئی امریکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%A6%9D%EA%B6%8C%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98%EC%86%8C" title="아메리카 증권거래소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아메리카 증권거래소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADska_kauph%C3%B6llin" title="Bandaríska kauphöllin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandaríska kauphöllin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Американская фондовая биржа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американская фондовая биржа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="American Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="NYSE American" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NYSE American" 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class="mw-redirect" title="American Stock Exchange">American Stock Exchange</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stock exchange in New York City</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">NYSE American</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSE_American_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/NYSE_American_logo.png/250px-NYSE_American_logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/NYSE_American_logo.png/375px-NYSE_American_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/NYSE_American_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="182" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AMEX.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AMEX.JPG/220px-AMEX.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AMEX.JPG/330px-AMEX.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/AMEX.JPG/440px-AMEX.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="American Stock Exchange Building">American Stock Exchange Building</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data note">New York City, New York, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1908<span class="noprint">; 116 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1908</span>)</span> (as New York Curb Market Agency)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/markets/nyse-american">NYSE American</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NYSE American</b>, formerly known as the <b>American Stock Exchange</b> (<b>AMEX</b>), and more recently as <b>NYSE MKT</b>, is an American <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> situated in New York City. AMEX was previously a <a href="/wiki/Mutual_organization" title="Mutual organization">mutual organization</a>, owned by its members. Until 1953, it was known as the <b>New York Curb Exchange</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a> acquired AMEX on October 1, 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with AMEX integrated with the <a href="/wiki/Alternext" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternext">Alternext</a> European <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization#Market_cap_terms" title="Market capitalization">small-cap</a> exchange and renamed the <b>NYSE Alternext U.S.</b><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Stock_Exchange_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Stock_Exchange-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009, NYSE Alternext U.S. was changed to <b>NYSE Amex Equities</b>. On May 10, 2012, NYSE Amex Equities changed its name to <b>NYSE MKT LLC</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-amex_info_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> approval of competing stock exchange <a href="/wiki/IEX" title="IEX">IEX</a> in 2016, NYSE MKT <a href="/wiki/Rebranded" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebranded">rebranded</a> as <b>NYSE American</b> and introduced a 350-microsecond delay in trading, referred to as a "speed bump", which is also present on the IEX.<sup id="cite_ref-american_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-upstart_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upstart-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crush_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crush-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Curb_market">The Curb market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Curb market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Curbstone_broker" title="Curbstone broker">Curbstone broker</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street,_New_York_City,_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg/350px-Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg/525px-Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg/700px-Curb_brokers_in_Wall_Street%2C_New_York_City%2C_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption>Curb brokers in Wall Street, New York City, 1920, a year before the trading was moved indoors. That year, journalist Edwin C. Hill described the curb trading on lower Broad Street as "a roaring, swirling whirlpool... like nothing else under the astonishing sky that is its only roof."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-stock-cold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The exchange grew out of the loosely organized <a href="/wiki/Curb_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb market">curb market</a> of <a href="/wiki/Curbstone_broker" title="Curbstone broker">curbstone brokers</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Efforts to organize and standardize the market started early in the 20th century under <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_S._Mendels" title="Emanuel S. Mendels">Emanuel S. Mendels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_H._Pforzheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl H. Pforzheimer">Carl H. Pforzheimer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curb brokers had been kicked out of the Mills Building front by 1907, and had moved to the pavement outside the <a href="/wiki/Blair_Building" title="Blair Building">Blair Building</a> where cabbies lined up. There they were given a "little domain of asphalt" fenced off by the police on Broad Street between Exchange Place and Beaver Street.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-complaints-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1907, the curb market operated starting at 10 AM, each day except Sundays, until a gong at 3 PM. Orders for the purchase and sale of securities were shouted down from the windows of nearby brokerages, with the execution of the sale then shouted back up to the brokerage.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-complaints-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizing_and_'Curb_list'"><span id="Organizing_and_.27Curb_list.27"></span>Organizing and 'Curb list'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organizing and 'Curb list'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 1907, E. S. Mendels gave the brokers rules "by right of seniority", but the curb brokers intentionally avoided organizing. According to the <i>Times</i>, this came from a general belief that if a curb exchange was organized, the exchange authorities would force members to sell their other exchange memberships.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-complaints-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1908 the <b>New York Curb Market Agency</b> was established, which developed appropriate trading rules for curbstone brokers, organized by Mendels.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The informal <b>Curb Association</b> formed in 1910 to weed out undesirables.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-stock-cold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curb exchange was for years at odds with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (NYSE), or "Big Board", operating several buildings away. Explained the <i>New York Times</i> in 1910, the Big Board looked at the curb as "a trading place for 'cats and dogs.'"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-curb-out_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-curb-out-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 1, 1910, however, when the NYSE abolished its unlisted department, the NYSE stocks "made homeless by the abolition" were "refused domicile" by the curb brokers on Broad Street until they had complied with the "Curb list" of requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-curb-out_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-curb-out-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, Mendels and his advisers drew up a constitution and formed the <b>New York Curb Market Association</b>, which can be considered the first formal constitution of American Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s-1940s:_Move_indoors">1920s-1940s: Move indoors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1920s-1940s: Move indoors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg/220px-American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg/330px-American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg/440px-American_stock_exchange_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="American Stock Exchange Building">American Stock Exchange Building</a>, constructed in 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1920, journalist Edwin C. Hill wrote that the curb exchange on lower Broad Street was a "roaring, swirling whirlpool" that "tears control of a gold-mine from an unlucky operator, and pauses to auction a puppy-dog. It is like nothing else under the astonished sky that is its only roof."<sup id="cite_ref-Munseys_Magazine_1920_p._46_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munseys_Magazine_1920_p._46-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a group of Curb brokers formed a real estate company to design a building, <a href="/wiki/Starrett_%26_Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="Starrett & Van Vleck">Starrett & Van Vleck</a> designed the <a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="American Stock Exchange Building">new exchange building</a> on <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> between Thames and Rector, at 86 Trinity Place. It opened in 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-stock-cold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the curbstone brokers moved indoors on June 27, 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929, the New York Curb Market changed its name to the New York Curb Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Curb Exchange soon became the leading international stock market, and according to historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel">Robert Sobel</a>, "had more individual foreign issues on its list than [...] all other American securities markets combined."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward Reid McCormick was the first president of the New York Curb Market Association and is credited with moving the market indoors.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Rea" title="George Rea">George Rea</a> was approached about the position of president of the New York Curb Exchange in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-curb_exchange_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curb_exchange-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was unanimously elected<sup id="cite_ref-curb_exchange_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curb_exchange-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the first paid president in the history of the Curb Exchange. He was paid $25,000 per year (equivalent to $548,000 today<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and held the position for three years before offering his resignation in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the position having "done such a good job that there is virtually no need for a full-time successor."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernization_as_the_American_Stock_Exchange">Modernization as the American Stock Exchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modernization as the American Stock Exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1953 the Curb Exchange was renamed the American Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exchange was shaken by a scandal in 1961, and in 1962 began a reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-verylarge_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-verylarge-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its reputation recently damaged by charges of mismanagement, in 1962 the American Stock Exchange named <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Etherington" title="Edwin Etherington">Edwin Etherington</a> its president. Writes <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, he and executive vice president <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kolton" title="Paul Kolton">Paul Kolton</a> were "tapped in 1962 to clean up and reinvigorate the scandal-plagued American Stock Exchange."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 1971, it was the second largest stock exchange in the United States. Paul Kolton succeeded Ralph S. Saul as AMEX president on June 17, 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-verylarge_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-verylarge-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the first person to be selected from within the exchange to serve as its leader, succeeding Ralph S. Saul, who announced his resignation in March 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT2010_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2010-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1972, Kolton was named as the exchange's first chief executive officer and its first salaried top executive.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chairman, Kolton oversaw the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Options_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Options trading">options trading</a>. Kolton opposed the idea of a merger with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> while he headed the exchange saying that "two independent, viable exchanges are much more likely to be responsive to new pressures and public needs than a single institution".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT2010_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2010-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kolton announced in July 1977 that he would be leaving his position at the American Exchange in November of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peterffy" title="Thomas Peterffy">Thomas Peterffy</a> purchased a seat on the American Stock Exchange. Peterffy created a major stir among traders by introducing handheld computers onto the trading floor in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Business_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Business-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introducing_ETFs">Introducing ETFs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Introducing ETFs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ETFs or <a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" title="Exchange-traded fund">exchange-traded funds</a> had their genesis in 1989 with Index Participation Shares, an <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> proxy that traded on the American Stock Exchange and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Stock_Exchange" title="Philadelphia Stock Exchange">Philadelphia Stock Exchange</a>. This product was short-lived after a lawsuit by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a> was successful in stopping sales in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, a similar product, Toronto Index Participation Shares, which tracked the TSE 35 and later the TSE 100 indices, started trading on the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a> (TSE) in 1990. The popularity of these products led the American Stock Exchange to try to develop something that would satisfy regulations by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nathan Most and Steven Bloom, under the direction of Ivers Riley, designed and developed <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s_Depositary_Receipts" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts">Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts</a> (<a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a>: SPY), which were introduced in January 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as SPDRs or "Spiders", the fund became the largest ETF in the world. In May 1995, <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Global_Advisors" title="State Street Global Advisors">State Street Global Advisors</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_400" title="S&P 400">S&P 400</a> MidCap SPDRs (<a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a>: MDY). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/MSCI" title="MSCI">MSCI</a> and Funds Distributor Inc., entered the market in 1996 with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/glossary/w/world-equity-benchmark-series">World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS)</a>, which became <a href="/wiki/IShares" title="IShares">iShares</a> MSCI Index Fund Shares. WEBS originally tracked 17 <a href="/wiki/MSCI" title="MSCI">MSCI</a> country indices managed by the funds' index provider, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>. WEBS were particularly innovative because they gave casual investors easy access to foreign markets. While SPDRs were organized as <a href="/wiki/Unit_investment_trust" title="Unit investment trust">unit investment trusts</a>, WEBS were set up as a <a href="/wiki/Mutual_fund" title="Mutual fund">mutual fund</a>, the first of their kind.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Global_Advisors" title="State Street Global Advisors">State Street Global Advisors</a> introduced "Sector <a href="/wiki/SPDR" title="SPDR">Spiders</a>", separate ETFs for each of the sectors of the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="S&P 500 Index">S&P 500 Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1998, the "Dow Diamonds" (NYSE Arca: DIA) were introduced, tracking the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a>. In 1999, the influential "cubes" (<a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: QQQ), were launched, with the goal of replicate the price movement of the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ-100">NASDAQ-100</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/IShares" title="IShares">iShares</a> line was launched in early 2000. By 2005, it had a 44% market share of ETF <a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">assets under management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barclays Global Investors was sold to <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a> in 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NYSE_merger">NYSE merger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: NYSE merger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2003, AMEX was the only U.S. stock market to permit the transmission of buy and sell orders through <a href="/wiki/Hand_signaling_(open_outcry)" title="Hand signaling (open outcry)">hand signals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2008 <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a> completed acquisition of the AMEX for $260 million in stock.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the closing of the acquisition, NYSE Euronext announced that the AMEX would be integrated with the <a href="/wiki/Alternext" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternext">Alternext</a> European <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization#Market_cap_terms" title="Market capitalization">small-cap</a> exchange and renamed the NYSE Alternext U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Stock_Exchange_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Stock_Exchange-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Stock Exchange merged with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE Euronext) on October 1, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-amex_info_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post merger, the Amex equities business was branded "NYSE Alternext US". As part of the re-branding exercise, NYSE Alternext US was re-branded as NYSE Amex Equities.<sup id="cite_ref-amex_info_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 1, 2008, the Curb Exchange building at 86 Trinity Place was closed, and the Amex Equities trading floor was moved to the NYSE Trading floor at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">11 Wall Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amex_info_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90 years after its 1921 opening, the old New York Curb Market building was empty but remained standing.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-stock-cold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009, NYSE Alternext U.S. was changed to NYSE Amex Equities. On May 10, 2012, NYSE Amex Equities changed its name to NYSE MKT LLC.<sup id="cite_ref-amex_info_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2016, a competing stock exchange <a href="/wiki/IEX" title="IEX">IEX</a> (which operated with a 350-microsecond delay in trading), gained approval from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a>, despite lobbying protests by the NYSE and other exchanges and trading firms.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 24, 2017, the NYSE renamed NYSE MKT to NYSE American, and announced plans to introduce its own 350-microsecond "speed bump" in trading on the small and mid-cap company exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-american_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-upstart_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upstart-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crush_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crush-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellidex" title="Intellidex">Intellidex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Options</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" title="Exchange-traded fund">Exchange-traded funds</a> (ETFs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_product" title="Structured product">Structured Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_(finance)" title="Warrant (finance)">Warrants</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Past presidents of the American Stock Exchange include:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>John L. McCormack (1911–1914)</li> <li>Edward R. McCormick (1914–1923)</li> <li>John W. Curtis (1923–1925)</li> <li>David U. Page (1925–1928)</li> <li>William S. Muller (1928–1932)</li> <li>Howard C. Sykes (1932–1934)</li> <li>E. Burd Grubb (1934–1935)</li> <li>Fred C. Moffatt (1935–1939; 1942–1945)</li> <li>George P. Rea (1939–1942)</li> <li>Edwin Posner (1945–1947; January–September, 1962)</li> <li>Edward C. Werle (February–March, 1947)</li> <li>Francis Adams Truslow (1947–1951)</li> <li>Edward T. McCormick (1951–1961)</li> <li>Joseph F. Reilly (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Etherington" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin D. Etherington">Edwin D. Etherington</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li>Ralph S. Saul (1966–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kolton" title="Paul Kolton">Paul Kolton</a> (1971–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burdge" title="Richard Burdge">Richard M. Burdge</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Birnbaum" title="Robert J. Birnbaum">Robert J. Birnbaum</a> (1977–1986)</li> <li>Kenneth R. Leibler (1986–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Past chairmen of the American Stock Exchange include: </p> <ul><li>Clarence A. Bettman (1939–1941)</li> <li>Fred C. Moffatt (1941–1945)</li> <li>Edwin Posner (1945–1947; 1962–1965)</li> <li>Edward C. Werle (1947–1950)</li> <li>Mortimer Landsberg (1950–1951)</li> <li>John J. Mann (1951–1956)</li> <li>James R. Dyer (1956–1960)</li> <li>Joseph E. Reilly (1960–1962)</li> <li>David S. Jackson (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrae_Sykes" title="Macrae Sykes">Macrae Sykes</a> (1968–1969)</li> <li>Frank C. Graham Jr. (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kolton" title="Paul Kolton">Paul Kolton</a> (1973–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Levitt" title="Arthur Levitt">Arthur Levitt Jr.</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Jones" title="James R. Jones">James R. Jones</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li>Salvatore F. Sodano (1999–2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The text reads: "On June 27, 1921, the curbstone brokers moved from their outdoor Market on Broad Street to establish on this site the indoor securities market that became the American Stock Exchange.""><img alt="The text reads: "On June 27, 1921, the curbstone brokers moved from their outdoor Market on Broad Street to establish on this site the indoor securities market that became the American Stock Exchange."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg/120px-American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg/180px-American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg/240px-American_Stock_Exchange_Building_plaque_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The text reads: "On June 27, 1921, the curbstone brokers moved from their outdoor Market on Broad Street to establish on this site the indoor securities market that became the American Stock Exchange."</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_040601-N-6371Q-096_Vice_Adm._Gary_Roughead,_right,_rings_the_opening_bell_at_the_American_Stock_Exchange,_during_the_17th_Annual_Fleet_Week_in_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2004: Vice Adm. Gary Roughead, right, rings the opening bell at the American Stock Exchange, during the 17th Annual Fleet Week in New York"><img alt="2004: Vice Adm. Gary Roughead, right, rings the opening bell at the American Stock Exchange, during the 17th Annual Fleet Week in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_Navy_040601-N-6371Q-096_Vice_Adm._Gary_Roughead%2C_right%2C_rings_the_opening_bell_at_the_American_Stock_Exchange%2C_during_the_17th_Annual_Fleet_Week_in_New_York.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_Navy_040601-N-6371Q-096_Vice_Adm._Gary_Roughead%2C_right%2C_rings_the_opening_bell_at_the_American_Stock_Exchange%2C_during_the_17th_Annual_Fleet_Week_in_New_York.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_Navy_040601-N-6371Q-096_Vice_Adm._Gary_Roughead%2C_right%2C_rings_the_opening_bell_at_the_American_Stock_Exchange%2C_during_the_17th_Annual_Fleet_Week_in_New_York.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2004: Vice Adm. Gary Roughead, right, rings the opening bell at the American Stock Exchange, during the 17th Annual Fleet Week in New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old American Stock Exchange Building 2009"><img alt="Old American Stock Exchange Building 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG/120px-Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG/180px-Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG/240px-Old_American_Stock_Exchange_Building_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old American Stock Exchange Building 2009</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca_Major_Market_Index" title="NYSE Arca Major Market Index">NYSE Arca Major Market Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcap_stock" title="Microcap stock">Microcap stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">List of stock exchanges in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_mergers_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas">List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Tape_System" title="Consolidated Tape System">Consolidated Tape System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_S._Scott" title="Hal S. Scott">Hal S. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Meehan" title="Michael J. Meehan">Michael J. Meehan</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlein2001" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Maury (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rainbowsendcrash00klei_0"><i>Rainbow's End: The Crash of 1929</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513516-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-513516-4"><bdi>0-19-513516-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rainbow%27s+End%3A+The+Crash+of+1929&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-513516-4&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Maury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frainbowsendcrash00klei_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008051922/http://www.nyse.com/press/1222772889985.html">"NYSE Euronext Completes Acquisition of American Stock Exchange"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. October 1, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/press/1222772889985.html">the original</a> on October 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+Euronext+Completes+Acquisition+of+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fpress%2F1222772889985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Stock_Exchange-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Stock_Exchange_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Stock_Exchange_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915182324/http://traderupdates.nyse.com/2008/07/notice_of_upcoming_nyse_system.html">"Notice of Upcoming NYSE System Changes To Support the NYSE/Amex Integration (NYSE Alternext U.S.)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. July 7, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traderupdates.nyse.com/2008/07/notice_of_upcoming_nyse_system.html">the original</a> on September 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notice+of+Upcoming+NYSE+System+Changes+To+Support+the+NYSE%2FAmex+Integration+%28NYSE+Alternext+U.S.%29&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraderupdates.nyse.com%2F2008%2F07%2Fnotice_of_upcoming_nyse_system.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amex_info-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amex_info_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amex_info_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amex_info_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amex_info_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amex_info_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110319235001/http://www.nyse.com/equities/nysealternextus/1218155408912.html">"NYSE Amex Equities Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/equities/nysealternextus/1218155408912.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+Amex+Equities+Information&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fequities%2Fnysealternextus%2F1218155408912.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-american_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-american_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt2017" class="citation news cs1">Matt, Turner (January 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nyse-is-slowing-down-trading-for-a-key-market-2017-1">"The New York Stock Exchange is slowing down trading for a key market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE">Axel Springer SE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Stock+Exchange+is+slowing+down+trading+for+a+key+market&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Matt&rft.aufirst=Turner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnyse-is-slowing-down-trading-for-a-key-market-2017-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upstart-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-upstart_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-upstart_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassa2017" class="citation news cs1">Massa, Annie (July 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-24/nyse-american-opens-as-retort-to-exchange-rabble-rouser-iex">"NYSE American Opens to Take on Upstart Exchange IEX"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=NYSE+American+Opens+to+Take+on+Upstart+Exchange+IEX&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.aulast=Massa&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-07-24%2Fnyse-american-opens-as-retort-to-exchange-rabble-rouser-iex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crush-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crush_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crush_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2017" class="citation news cs1">Frank, Chaparro (July 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nyse-american-versus-iex-2017-7">"The New York Stock Exchange is out to crush America's newest stock exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE">Axel Springer SE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Stock+Exchange+is+out+to+crush+America%27s+newest+stock+exchange&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Chaparro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnyse-american-versus-iex-2017-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-stock-cold-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-stock-cold_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2010" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (September 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/realestate/03scapes.html">"When Stocks Came in From the Cold"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+Stocks+Came+in+From+the+Cold&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F03%2Frealestate%2F03scapes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Sobel2000" class="citation book cs1">Robert Sobel (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F92F1rvEt4UC&q=carl+pforzheimer+curb+exchange&pg=PA178"><i>The Curbstone Brokers: The Origins of the American Stock Exchange</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781893122659" title="Special:BookSources/9781893122659"><bdi>9781893122659</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Curbstone+Brokers%3A+The+Origins+of+the+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781893122659&rft.au=Robert+Sobel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF92F1rvEt4UC%26q%3Dcarl%2Bpforzheimer%2Bcurb%2Bexchange%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-complaints-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-complaints_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1907/08/17/archives/asks-bingham-to-oust-curb-brokers-lawyer-allen-says-openair.html">"Asks Bingham to Oust Curb Brokers; Lawyer Allen Says Open-Air Exchange Is a Public Nuisance and Therefore Illegal. He Cites Many Decisions And Will Press His Contention -- Brokers Forced to Move Many Times Owing to Complaints"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 17, 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asks+Bingham+to+Oust+Curb+Brokers%3B+Lawyer+Allen+Says+Open-Air+Exchange+Is+a+Public+Nuisance+and+Therefore+Illegal.+He+Cites+Many+Decisions+And+Will+Press+His+Contention+--+Brokers+Forced+to+Move+Many+Times+Owing+to+Complaints.&rft.date=1907-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1907%2F08%2F17%2Farchives%2Fasks-bingham-to-oust-curb-brokers-lawyer-allen-says-openair.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://abcnewspapers.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11281">http://abcnewspapers.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11281</a> New York Curb Market Association</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-curb-out-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-curb-out_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-curb-out_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/02/archives/curb-bars-stocks-big-board-dropped-securities-shut-out-by-abolition.html">"Curb Bars Stocks Big Board Dropped; Securities Shut Out by Abolition of Unlisted Department Are Homeless Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 2, 1901. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Curb+Bars+Stocks+Big+Board+Dropped%3B+Securities+Shut+Out+by+Abolition+of+Unlisted+Department+Are+Homeless+Now.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1901-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1910%2F04%2F02%2Farchives%2Fcurb-bars-stocks-big-board-dropped-securities-shut-out-by-abolition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munseys_Magazine_1920_p._46-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Munseys_Magazine_1920_p._46_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BKPNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA46"><i>Munsey's Magazine</i></a>. Frank A. Munsey Company. 1920. p. 46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Munsey%27s+Magazine&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Frank+A.+Munsey+Company&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBKPNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeall2012" class="citation book cs1">Teall, John L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hth_hjJdUBAC&q=new+york+state+stock+exchange+%22June+27%2C+1921%22&pg=PA29"><i>Financial Trading and Investing</i></a>. Academic Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780123918802" title="Special:BookSources/9780123918802"><bdi>9780123918802</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Financial+Trading+and+Investing&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780123918802&rft.aulast=Teall&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhth_hjJdUBAC%26q%3Dnew%2Byork%2Bstate%2Bstock%2Bexchange%2B%2522June%2B27%252C%2B1921%2522%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2515.pdf">"New York Curb Exchange (Incorporating the New York Curb Market Building), Later known as the American Stock Exchange"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Landmarks Preservation Commission</i>. June 26, 1912. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2515.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.atitle=New+York+Curb+Exchange+%28Incorporating+the+New+York+Curb+Market+Building%29%2C+Later+known+as+the+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=1912-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2515.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1972" class="citation book cs1">Sobel, Robert (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SzJ39Bi9G6oC"><i>Amex: A History of the American Stock Exchange, 1921-1971</i></a>. Weybright and Talley. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781893122482" title="Special:BookSources/9781893122482"><bdi>9781893122482</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amex%3A+A+History+of+the+American+Stock+Exchange%2C+1921-1971&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Weybright+and+Talley&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9781893122482&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSzJ39Bi9G6oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53988037/?terms=St.%2BFrancis%2BCollege">"Edward Reid McCormick, 76, First President of Curb Market"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. November 9, 1954. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Edward+Reid+McCormick%2C+76%2C+First+President+of+Curb+Market&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1954-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F53988037%2F%3Fterms%3DSt.%252BFrancis%252BCollege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_O'Sullivan207" class="citation news cs1">Mary O'Sullivan (September 28, 207). "The Expansion of the U.S. Stock Market, 1885—1930: Historical Facts and Theoretical Fashions". Oxford University Press. p. 509. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23700715">23700715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Expansion+of+the+U.S.+Stock+Market%2C+1885%E2%80%941930%3A+Historical+Facts+and+Theoretical+Fashions&rft.pages=509&rft.date=207&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23700715%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mary+O%27Sullivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curb_exchange-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-curb_exchange_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curb_exchange_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1939/04/21/archives/gp-rea-new-head-of-curb-exchange-honolulu-banker-formerly-of.html">"G. P. Rea New Head of Curb Exchange"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 21, 1939<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=G.+P.+Rea+New+Head+of+Curb+Exchange&rft.date=1939-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1939%2F04%2F21%2Farchives%2Fgp-rea-new-head-of-curb-exchange-honolulu-banker-formerly-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1942/04/08/archives/rea-quits-as-curb-exchange-head-effective-june-30-after-3-years.html?sq=George+Rea&scp=10&st=p">"Rea Quits as Curb Exchange Head Effective June 30, After 3 Years"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 8, 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rea+Quits+as+Curb+Exchange+Head+Effective+June+30%2C+After+3+Years&rft.date=1942-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1942%2F04%2F08%2Farchives%2Frea-quits-as-curb-exchange-head-effective-june-30-after-3-years.html%3Fsq%3DGeorge%2BRea%26scp%3D10%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014145837/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884565,00.html">"First Is Last"</a>. <i>Time</i>. July 13, 1942. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884565,00.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.plansponsor.com&rft.atitle=ETFs+Show+Increasing+Popularity+In+First+Half+of+2005+%7C+PLANSPONSOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plansponsor.com%2Fetfs-show-increasing-popularity-in-first-half-of-2005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larry Harris, <i>Trading and Exchanges</i>, Oxford University Press US: 2003, page 104, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514470-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514470-8">0-19-514470-8</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514470-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514470-3">978-0-19-514470-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008051922/http://www.nyse.com/press/1222772889985.html">"NYSE Euronext Completes Acquisition of American Stock Exchange"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. October 1, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/press/1222772889985.html">the original</a> on October 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+Euronext+Completes+Acquisition+of+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fpress%2F1222772889985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopper2016" class="citation news cs1">Popper, Nathaniel (June 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/18/business/dealbook/iex-group-gains-approval-for-stock-exchange.html">"IEX Group, Critical of Wall St., Gains Approval for Stock Exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=IEX+Group%2C+Critical+of+Wall+St.%2C+Gains+Approval+for+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F18%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook%2Fiex-group-gains-approval-for-stock-exchange.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruchey2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruchey, Stuart (February 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebnq28DT-XsC&dq=%22MacRae+sykes%22+%22american+stock+exchange%22&pg=PA168"><i>The Modernization of the American Stock Exchange 1971-1989 (Routledge Revivals)</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-45907-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-45907-8"><bdi>978-1-136-45907-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modernization+of+the+American+Stock+Exchange+1971-1989+%28Routledge+Revivals%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-136-45907-8&rft.aulast=Bruchey&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEbnq28DT-XsC%26dq%3D%2522MacRae%2Bsykes%2522%2B%2522american%2Bstock%2Bexchange%2522%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichenwald1990" class="citation news cs1">Eichenwald, Kurt (June 20, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/20/business/company-news-president-of-american-exchange-resigns.html">"COMPANY NEWS; President of American Exchange Resigns"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=COMPANY+NEWS%3B+President+of+American+Exchange+Resigns&rft.date=1990-06-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Eichenwald&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F06%2F20%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-president-of-american-exchange-resigns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel">Sobel, Robert</a> (1970). <i>The Curbstone Brokers: The Origins of the American Stock Exchange</i>. Washington, D.C.: BeardBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-893122-65-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-893122-65-4"><bdi>1-893122-65-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Curbstone+Brokers%3A+The+Origins+of+the+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=BeardBooks&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=1-893122-65-4&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1972" class="citation book cs1">Sobel, Robert (1972). <i>AMEX: A History of the American Stock Exchange</i>. Washington, D.C.: BeardBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-893122-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-893122-48-4"><bdi>1-893122-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AMEX%3A+A+History+of+the+American+Stock+Exchange&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=BeardBooks&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=1-893122-48-4&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANYSE+American" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_American&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_American_Stock_Exchange" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Companies listed on the American Stock Exchange">Companies listed on the American Stock Exchange</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/markets/nyse-american">NYSE American</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:NYSE_Euronext" title="Template:NYSE Euronext"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NYSE_Euronext" title="Template talk:NYSE Euronext"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NYSE_Euronext" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NYSE Euronext"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NYSE_Euronext" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>A member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Securities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NYSE American</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Europe</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_NYSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/120px-NYC_NYSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/180px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/240px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="2958" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/120px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/180px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/240px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1714" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">Futures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_International_Financial_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" title="London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange">Euronext.liffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternext" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternext">Alternext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueNext" title="BlueNext">BlueNext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar Exchange">Qatar Exchange</a> (20% holding)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd>New York City <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Chicago <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">Arca</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Belgium</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="Euronext Brussels">Brussels</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>France</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Bourse">Paris</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Portugal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/London_International_Financial_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" title="London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange">London</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>New York</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Euronext</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_100" title="Euronext 100">Euronext 100</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CAC_40" title="CAC 40">CAC 40</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro Stoxx 50">Euro Stoxx 50</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BEL20" class="mw-redirect" title="BEL20">BEL20</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Technologies" title="NYSE Technologies">NYSE Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Industry_Regulatory_Authority" title="Financial Industry Regulatory Authority">Financial Industry Regulatory Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Financial_markets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Template:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Template talk:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Financial_markets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial markets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_market" title="Primary market">Primary market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_market" title="Secondary market">Secondary market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_market" title="Third market">Third market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_market" title="Fourth market">Fourth market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_share" title="Golden share">Golden share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_stock" title="Restricted stock">Restricted stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">Tracking stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">Share capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_capital" title="Authorised capital">Authorised capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issued_shares" title="Issued shares">Issued shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shares_outstanding" title="Shares outstanding">Shares outstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_stock" title="Treasury stock">Treasury stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Broker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_broker" title="Floor broker">Floor broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-dealer_broker" title="Inter-dealer broker">Inter-dealer broker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker-dealer" title="Broker-dealer">Broker-dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">Market maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">Trader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_trader" title="Floor trader">Floor trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_analyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantitative analyst">Quantitative analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculator">Speculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scalping_(trading)" title="Scalping (trading)">Scalper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchange trading hours">Trading hours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a> (off-exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_trading_system" title="Alternative trading system">Alternative trading system</a> (ATS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_trading_facility" title="Multilateral trading facility">Multilateral trading facility</a> (MTF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication_network" title="Electronic communication network">Electronic communication network</a> (ECN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">Direct market access</a> (DMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-through_processing" title="Straight-through processing">Straight-through processing</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_pool" title="Dark pool">Dark pool</a> (private exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_network" title="Crossing network">Crossing network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_aggregator" title="Foreign exchange aggregator">Liquidity aggregator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_valuation" title="Stock valuation">Stock valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a> (APT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_indicator" title="Buffett indicator">Buffett indicator</a> (Cap-to-GDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_value" title="Book value">Book value</a> (BV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (CAPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market_line" title="Capital market line">Capital market line</a> (CML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_discount_model" title="Dividend discount model">Dividend discount model</a> (DDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_yield" title="Dividend yield">Dividend yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_yield" title="Earnings yield">Earnings yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EV/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EV/EBITDA">EV/EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fed_model" title="Fed model">Fed model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_asset_value" title="Net asset value">Net asset value</a> (NAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">Security characteristic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_market_line" title="Security market line">Security market line</a> (SML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-model" title="T-model">T-model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading theories<br /> and <a href="/wiki/Trading_strategy" title="Trading strategy">strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_and_hold" title="Buy and hold">Buy and hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrarian_investing" title="Contrarian investing">Contrarian investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging" title="Dollar cost averaging">Dollar cost averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis" title="Efficient-market hypothesis">Efficient-market hypothesis</a> (EMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_timing" title="Market timing">Market timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory" title="Modern portfolio theory">Modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_investing" title="Momentum investing">Momentum investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_theory_(investments)" title="Mosaic theory (investments)">Mosaic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairs_trade" title="Pairs trade">Pairs trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-modern_portfolio_theory" title="Post-modern portfolio theory">Post-modern portfolio theory</a> (PMPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis" title="Random walk hypothesis">Random walk hypothesis</a> (RMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_rotation" title="Sector rotation">Sector rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_investing" title="Style investing">Style investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_trading" title="Swing trading">Swing trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_averaging" title="Value averaging">Value averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_investing" title="Value investing">Value investing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%93ask_spread" title="Bid–ask spread">Bid–ask spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_trade" title="Block trade">Block trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_listing" title="Cross listing">Cross listing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-listed_company" title="Dual-listed company">Dual-listed company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPont_analysis" title="DuPont analysis">DuPont analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_frontier" title="Efficient frontier">Efficient frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight-to-quality" title="Flight-to-quality">Flight-to-quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspan_put" title="Greenspan put">Greenspan put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haircut_(finance)" title="Haircut (finance)">Haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">Initial public offering</a> (IPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_(finance)" title="Long (finance)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_offer" title="Mandatory offer">Mandatory offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anomaly" title="Market anomaly">Market anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_depth" title="Market depth">Market depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_reversion_(finance)" title="Mean reversion (finance)">Mean reversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(finance)" title="Momentum (finance)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">Open outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_book" title="Order book">Order book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_(finance)" title="Position (finance)">Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)" title="Rally (stock market)">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns-based_style_analysis" title="Returns-based style analysis">Returns-based style analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_stock_split" title="Reverse stock split">Reverse stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">Share repurchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_squeeze" title="Short squeeze">Short squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slippage_(finance)" title="Slippage (finance)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze-out" title="Squeeze-out">Squeeze-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_dilution" title="Stock dilution">Stock dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">Stock market index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">Stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">Stock swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(financial_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade (financial instrument)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_offer" title="Tender offer">Tender offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptick_rule" title="Uptick rule">Uptick rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_interest" title="Voting interest">Voting interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_(finance)" title="Yield (finance)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846626#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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