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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selbstliebe" title="Selbstliebe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Selbstliebe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_propio" title="Amor propio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amor propio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem-amo" title="Mem-amo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mem-amo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عشق به خود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عشق به خود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philautia" title="Philautia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philautia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9inghr%C3%A1" title="Féinghrá – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Féinghrá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_proprio" title="Amor proprio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amor proprio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swacinta" title="Swacinta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Swacinta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%84%9F" title="自己肯定感 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自己肯定感" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Concept in philosophy and psychology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about love of self. For the sexual meaning, see <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a>. For the Metro Boomin and Coi Leray song, see <a href="/wiki/Self_Love_(song)" title="Self Love (song)">Self Love (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Autoerotism" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoerotism">autoerotism</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Love" title="Category:Love">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0 1.0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red-outline heart icon"><img alt="Red-outline heart icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/45px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/68px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/90px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Red-outline heart icon</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of love</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affection" title="Affection">Affection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_heart" title="Broken heart">Broken heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_love" title="Compassionate love">Compassionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_love" title="Conjugal love">Conjugal love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">Courtly love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">courtship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_in_love" title="Falling in love">Falling in love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">Friendship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-sex_friendship" title="Cross-sex friendship">cross-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_zone" title="Friend zone">zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">Interpersonal attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Interpersonal relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_addiction" title="Love addiction">Love addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">Love at first sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_triangle" title="Love triangle">Love triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovesickness" title="Lovesickness">Lovesickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovestruck" title="Lovestruck">Lovestruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionate_and_companionate_love" title="Passionate and companionate love">Passionate and companionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_love" title="Puppy love">Puppy love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Self-love</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amour_de_soi" title="Amour de soi">Amour de soi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_love" title="Unconditional love">Unconditional love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrequited_love" title="Unrequited love">Unrequited love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Social views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(Confucianism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ren (Confucianism)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Yuanfen" title="Yuanfen">Yuanfen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>French <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">Amour-propre</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_love" title="Greek love">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">words for love</a></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Ludus" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Ludus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Mania" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Mania</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philautia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Philos</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Pragma" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Pragma</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storgḗ</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Maitrī</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_love" title="Jewish views on love">Jewish</a> <ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Chesed" title="Chesed">Chesed</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Latin <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Amor</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Caritas</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Portuguese <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Yaghan <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mamihlapinatapai" title="Mamihlapinatapai">Mamihlapinatapai</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Color wheel theory of love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_of_romantic_love" title="Biology of romantic love">Biology of romantic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_letter" title="Love letter">Love letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">Love of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God" title="Love of God">Love of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Love of God in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_love" title="Philosophy of love">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love" title="Religious views on love">Religious views</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">love deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect" title="Mere-exposure effect">Mere-exposure effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similarity_(psychology)" title="Similarity (psychology)">Similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_theory_of_love" title="Triangular theory of love">Triangular theory of love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Love_sidebar" title="Template talk:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Self-love</b>, defined as "love of self" or "regard for one's own happiness or advantage",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been conceptualized both as a <a href="/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs" title="Maslow's hierarchy of needs">basic human necessity</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral</a> flaw, akin to <a href="/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selfishness" title="Selfishness">selfishness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">amour-propre</a>, conceitedness, <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a>, et al. However, throughout the 20th and 21st centuries self-love has adopted a more positive connotation through <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">pride parades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-Respect_Movement" title="Self-Respect Movement">Self-Respect Movement</a>, self-love protests, the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> era, the <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">modern feminist movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">3rd</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">4th wave</a>), as well as the increase in <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> awareness that promotes self-love as <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_value_(ethics)" title="Intrinsic value (ethics)">intrinsic</a> to self-help and support groups working to prevent <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a> and suicide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 563-483 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> believe that the desires of the self are the root of all evil. However, this is balanced with <a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">karuṇā</a> (compassion). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">arishadvargas</a> (major sins) are short-term self-benefiting pursuits that are ultimately damaging. These include <a href="/wiki/Mada" title="Mada">mada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">pride</a>). <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> believes that the four <a href="/wiki/Kashaya_(Jainism)" title="Kashaya (Jainism)">kashaya</a> (passions) stop people escaping the cycle of life and death. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> (551–479 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> values society over the self. <a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhu" title="Yang Zhu">Yang Zhu</a> (440–360 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Yangism" title="Yangism">Yangism</a> viewed <i>wei wo</i>, or "everything for myself", as the only virtue necessary for self-cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-senghaas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senghaas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of what is known of Yangism comes from its contemporary critics - Yang's beliefs were hotly contested. </p><p>The thoughts of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (384–322 BC) about self-love (philautia) are recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eudemian_Ethics" title="Eudemian Ethics">Eudemian Ethics</a>. Nicomachean Ethics Book 9, Chapter 8 focuses on it particularly. In this passage, Aristotle argues that people who love themselves to achieve unwarranted personal gain are bad, but those who love themselves to achieve virtuous principles are the best sort of good. He says the former kind of self-love is much more common than the latter. <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> (106–43 BC) considered those who were <i>sui amantes sine rivali</i> (lovers of themselves without rivals) were doomed to end in failure. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4 BC-30 AD) prioritised the loving of God, and commanded his followers to love others selflessly, following his example.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early follower of Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> wrote that inordinate self-love was opposed to love of God in his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Phillipians" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistle to the Phillipians">letter to the Phillipian church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of the New Testament <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">letter of James</a> had the same belief.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian monk <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a> (345–399) believed excessive self-love (hyperēphania – <a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">pride</a>) was one of eight key <a href="/wiki/Sins" class="mw-redirect" title="Sins">sins</a>. His list of sins was later lightly adapted by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> as the "<a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">seven deadly sins</a>". This list of sins then became an important part of the doctrine of the western church. Under this system, pride is the original and most deadly of the sins. This position was expressed strongly in fiction by <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy">The Divine Comedy</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustine">Augustine</a> (354–430) – with his theology of evil as a mere distortion of the good – considered that the sin of pride was only a perversion of a normal, more modest degree of self-love.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> believe that the <a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">Five Thieves</a> are the core human weaknesses that steal the innately good common sense from people. These selfish desires cause great problems. </p><p>In 1612 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> condemned extreme self-lovers, who would burn down their own home, only to roast themselves an egg.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1660s <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a> wrote in his book <a href="/wiki/Ethics_(Spinoza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics (Spinoza)"><i>Ethics</i></a> that <a href="/wiki/Self-preservation" title="Self-preservation">self-preservation</a> was the highest virtue.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Need specific passage from Ethics to substantiate claim (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> (1712–1778) believed there were two kinds of self-love. One was "<a href="/wiki/Amour_de_soi" title="Amour de soi">amour de soi</a>" (French for "love of self") which is the drive for self-preservation. Rousseau considered this drive to be the root of all human drives. The other was "<a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">amour-propre</a>" (often also translated as "self-love", but which also means "pride"), which refers to the <a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">self-esteem</a> generated from being appreciated by other people.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of "<a href="/wiki/Ethical_egoism" title="Ethical egoism">ethical egoism</a>" was introduced by the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sidgwick" title="Henry Sidgwick">Henry Sidgwick</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Methods_of_Ethics" title="The Methods of Ethics">The Methods of Ethics</a></i>, written in 1874. Sidgwick compared <a href="/wiki/Egoism" title="Egoism">egoism</a> to the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">utilitarianism</a>, writing that whereas utilitarianism sought to maximize overall pleasure, egoism focused only on maximizing individual pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-routledge_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1890, <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> examined the concept of self esteem in his influential textbook <i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Principles of Psychology">Principles of Psychology</a></i>. Robert H. Wozniak later wrote that William James's theory of self-love in this book was measured in "... three different but interrelated aspects of self: the material self (all those aspects of material existence in which we feel a strong sense of ownership, our bodies, our families, our possessions), the social self (our felt social relations), and the spiritual self (our feelings of our own subjectivity)".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956 <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Social philosopher">social philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a> proposed that loving oneself is different from being <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arrogant" class="extiw" title="wikt:arrogant">arrogant</a>, conceited or <a href="/wiki/Egocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Egocentric">egocentric</a>, meaning that instead caring about oneself and taking responsibility for oneself. Fromm proposed a re-evaluation of self-love in more positive sense, arguing that in order to be able to truly love another person, a person first needs to love oneself in the way of respecting oneself and knowing oneself (e.g. being realistic and honest about one's strengths and weaknesses).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Erik_H._Erikson" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik H. Erikson">Erik H. Erikson</a> similarly wrote of a post-narcissistic appreciation of the value of the ego,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a> saw one result of successful therapy as the regaining of a quiet sense of pleasure in being one's own self.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-love or self-worth was defined in 2003 by Aiden Gregg and Constantine Sedikides as "referring to a person's subjective appraisal of himself or herself as intrinsically positive or negative".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mental_health">Mental health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mental health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lack of self-love increases risk of <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Suicidology" title="American Association of Suicidology">American Association of Suicidology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association conducted a study in 2008 which researched the impact of low self-esteem and lack of self-love and its relation to suicidal tendencies and attempts. They defined self-love as being "beliefs about oneself (self-based self-esteem)<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and beliefs about how other people regard oneself (other-based self-esteem)".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It concluded that "<a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopelessness" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopelessness">hopelessness</a>, and low self-esteem are implications of vulnerability factors for <a href="/wiki/Suicide_ideation" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide ideation">suicide ideation</a>" and that "these findings suggest that even in the context of depression and hopelessness, low self-esteem may add to the risk for suicide ideation". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promotion">Promotion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Promotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Self-love was first promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a> of the 1950s and in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a> era of the 1960s. After witnessing the devastating consequences of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and having troops still fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, western (especially North American) societies began promoting "peace and love" to help generate positive energy and to promote the preservation of dissipating environmental factors, such as the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Oil_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil pipeline">oil pipelines</a> and the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> caused by the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect">greenhouse effect</a>. </p><p>These deteriorating living conditions caused worldwide protests that primarily focused on ending the war, but secondarily promoted a positive environment aided by the fundamental concept of <a href="/wiki/Crowd_psychology" title="Crowd psychology">crowd psychology</a>. This post-war community was left very vulnerable to persuasion but began encouraging freedom, harmony, and the possibility of a brighter, non-violent future. These protests took place on almost all continents and included countries such as the United States (primarily New York City and California), England, and Australia. Their dedication, perseverance, and empathy towards human life defined this generation as being peace advocates and carefree souls. </p><p>The emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist movement</a> began as early as the 19th century, but only began having major influence during the <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second wave</a> movement, which included <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> protests that inevitably led to women gaining the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to vote">right to vote</a>. These protests not only promoted equality but also suggested that women should recognize their self-worth through the knowledge and acceptance of self-love. Elizabeth Cady Stanton used the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> as a guideline to demonstrate that women have been harshly treated throughout the centuries in her feminist essay titled "<a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Sentiments" title="Declaration of Sentiments">Declaration of Sentiments</a>". In the essay she claims that "all men and women are created equal; ... that among these [rights] are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness";<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that without these rights, the capacity to feel self-worth and self-love is scarce. This historical essay suggests that a lack of self-esteem and fear of self-love affects modern women due to lingering post-industrial gender conditions. </p><p>Self-love has also been used as a tool in communities of Color in the United States. In the 1970s Black-Power movement, the slogan "Black is beautiful!" became a way for African-Americans to throw off the mantle of predominately White beauty norms. The dominant cultural aesthetic pre-1970s was to straighten Black hair with a perm or hot comb. During the Black Power movement, the "afro" or "fro" became the popular hairstyle. It involved letting Black Hair grow naturally, without chemical treatment, so as to embrace and flaunt the extremely curly hair texture of Black people. Hair was teased out the hair using a pick. The goal was to cause the hair to form a halo around the head, flaunting the Blackness of its wearer. This form of self-love and empowerment during the 70s was a way for African-Americans to combat the stigma against their natural hair texture, which was, and still is, largely seen as unprofessional in the modern workplace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_platforms">Modern platforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The emergence of <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> has created a platform for self-love promotion and mental health awareness in order to end the <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">stigma</a> surrounding mental health and to address self-love positively rather than negatively. </p><p>A few modern examples of self-love promotion platforms include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Campaign_for_Real_Beauty" title="Dove Campaign for Real Beauty">Dove Campaign for Real Beauty</a> (commercial marketing campaign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlutWalk" title="SlutWalk">SlutWalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Write_Love_on_Her_Arms" title="To Write Love on Her Arms">To Write Love on Her Arms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literary references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beck, Bhar, Brown & Ghahramanlou‐Holloway (2008). "Self-Esteem and Suicide Ideation in Psychiatric Outpatients". <a href="/wiki/Suicide_and_Life-Threatening_Behavior" title="Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior">Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior</a> 38. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Malvolio" title="Malvolio">Malvolio</a> is described as "sick of self-love...a distempered appetite" in <i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i> (I.v.85-6), lacking self-perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-love or self-worth was later defined by A.P. Gregg and C. Sedikides in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Origins of Self-love by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Zayas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willy Zayas (page does not exist)">Willy Zayas</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ego_(Freudian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ego (Freudian)">Ego (Freudian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egocentrism" title="Egocentrism">Egocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros (concept)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joie_de_vivre" title="Joie de vivre">Joie de vivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_generation" title="Me generation">Me generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-acceptance" title="Self-acceptance">Self-acceptance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-actualization" title="Self-actualization">Self-actualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-image" title="Self-image">Self-image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-awareness" title="Self-awareness">Self-awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-compassion" title="Self-compassion">Self-compassion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-concept" title="Self-concept">Self-concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storge</a> (familial love)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_self_and_false_self" title="True self and false self">True self and false self</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-love">"self-love"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</i>. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=self-love&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.place=Springfield%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fself-love&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1844" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Willis (1844). <i>An Address Delivered August 14, 1844: Before the Society of Phi Beta Kappa in Yale College</i>. Harvard University: B. L. Hamlen, 1844. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Address+Delivered+August+14%2C+1844%3A+Before+the+Society+of+Phi+Beta+Kappa+in+Yale+College&rft.place=Harvard+University&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=B.+L.+Hamlen%2C+1844&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Willis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Kirkpatrick (ed.), <i>Roget's Thesaurus</i> (1998), pp. 592 and 639</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senghaas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-senghaas_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenghaas2002" class="citation book cs1">Senghaas, Dieter (2002). <i>The clash within civilizations: coming to terms with cultural conflicts</i>. <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology Press">Psychology Press</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26228-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26228-6"><bdi>978-0-415-26228-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+clash+within+civilizations%3A+coming+to+terms+with+cultural+conflicts&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26228-6&rft.aulast=Senghaas&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John 13:34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippians 2:3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James 3:13–18, 4:1–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Sayers, Dante: Purgatory' (1971) p. 66-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Bacon, <i>The Essays</i> (1985) p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/3/1/23.html">"XXIII. Of Wisdom for a Man's Self. Francis Bacon. 1909–14. Essays, Civil and Moral. The Harvard Classics"</a>. <i>www.bartleby.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bartleby.com&rft.atitle=XXIII.+Of+Wisdom+for+a+Man%27s+Self.+Francis+Bacon.+1909%E2%80%9314.+Essays%2C+Civil+and+Moral.+The+Harvard+Classics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F3%2F1%2F23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertram2018" class="citation cs2">Bertram, Christopher (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/rousseau/">"Jean Jacques Rousseau"</a>, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Fall 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jean+Jacques+Rousseau&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Fall+2018&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bertram&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Ffall2018%2Fentries%2Frousseau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-routledge-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-routledge_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloridiCraig1998" class="citation book cs1">Floridi, Luciano; Craig, Edward (1998). "Egoism and Altruism". <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 246–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415187091" title="Special:BookSources/9780415187091"><bdi>9780415187091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egoism+and+Altruism&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=246-47&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415187091&rft.aulast=Floridi&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rft.au=Craig%2C+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wozniak, R. H. (1999) Introduction to The Principles of Psychology. Classics in Psychology, 1855–1914: Historical Essays.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Art of Loving</i> (1956) by Erich Fromm. <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-091594-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-091594-0">978-0-06-091594-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buildthefire.com/loving-yourself-more/">"How to Stop Beating Yourself Up and Start Loving Yourself More | Build The Fire"</a>. <i>Build The Fire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Build+The+Fire&rft.atitle=How+to+Stop+Beating+Yourself+Up+and+Start+Loving+Yourself+More+%7C+Build+The+Fire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuildthefire.com%2Floving-yourself-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik H. Erikson, <i>Childhood and Society</i> (1964) p. 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Rogers, <i>On Becoming a Person</i> (1961) p. 87-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sedikides, C., & Gregg. A. P. (2003). "Portraits of the self." In M. A. Hogg & J. Cooper (Eds.), Sage handbook of social psychology (pp. 110–138). London: Sage Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drapeau, C. W., & McIntosh, J. L. (for the American Association of Suicidology). (2016). U.S.A. suicide 2015: Official final data.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beck, Bhar, Brown & Ghahramanlou‐Holloway (2008). "Self-Esteem and Suicide Ideation in Psychiatric Outpatients". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony S.B., M.J. Cage & Stanton, E.C. (1889). A History of Woman Suffrage, vol. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Anderson, <i>A Kind of Wild Justice</i> (1987) p. 116-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sedikides, C. & Gregg. A. P. (2003). "Portraits of the self"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hogg, M. A. & J. Cooper. Sage handbook of social psychology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willy Zayas (2019). "In the Beginning"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-love&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a 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title="Euphoria">Euphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimulation" title="Stimulation">Excitement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(psychology)" title="Flow (psychology)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frustration" title="Frustration">Frustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratification" title="Gratification">Gratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">Greed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">Grief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_(emotion)" title="Guilt (emotion)">Guilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness">Happiness</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Joie_de_vivre" title="Joie de vivre">Joie de vivre</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatred" title="Hatred">Hatred</a></li> <li><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Hiraeth" title="Hiraeth">Hiraeth</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homesickness" title="Homesickness">Homesickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope" title="Hope">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_and_terror" title="Horror and terror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostility" title="Hostility">Hostility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li> <li><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Hygge" title="Hygge">Hygge</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysteria" title="Hysteria">Hysteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikigai" title="Ikigai"><i>Ikigai</i> (sense of purpose)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">Indulgence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infatuation" title="Infatuation">Infatuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insecurity_(emotion)" title="Insecurity (emotion)">Insecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_inspiration" title="Artistic inspiration">Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_(emotion)" title="Interest (emotion)">Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irritability" title="Irritability">Irritation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_(psychology)" title="Isolation (psychology)">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">Jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy" title="Joy">Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">Loneliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">at first sight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lust" title="Lust">Lust</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mono_no_aware" title="Mono no aware">Mono no aware</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neglect" title="Neglect">Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrage_(emotion)" title="Outrage (emotion)">Outrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic" title="Panic">Panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-pity" title="Self-pity">self-pity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure" title="Pleasure">Pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">Pride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandiosity" title="Grandiosity">grandiosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">hubris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insult" title="Insult">insult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(emotion)" title="Rage (emotion)">Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regret" title="Regret">Regret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">Rejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_(emotion)" title="Relief (emotion)">Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remorse" title="Remorse">Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resentment" title="Resentment">Resentment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge" title="Revenge">Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadness" title="Sadness">Sadness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melancholia" title="Melancholia">melancholy</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schadenfreude" title="Schadenfreude">Schadenfreude</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sehnsucht" title="Sehnsucht">Sehnsucht</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentimentality" title="Sentimentality">Sentimentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">Shame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_stress_reaction" title="Acute stress reaction">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyness" title="Shyness">Shyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_connection" title="Social connection">Social connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrow_(emotion)" title="Sorrow (emotion)">Sorrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spite_(sentiment)" title="Spite (sentiment)">Spite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_stress" title="Psychological stress">Stress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">chronic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffering" title="Suffering">Suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_(emotion)" title="Surprise (emotion)">Surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_(emotion)" title="Wonder (emotion)">Wonder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">sense of wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worry" title="Worry">Worry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plutchik-wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/90px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/135px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/180px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plutchik_Dyads.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plutchik_Dyads.svg/90px-Plutchik_Dyads.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plutchik_Dyads.svg/135px-Plutchik_Dyads.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plutchik_Dyads.svg/180px-Plutchik_Dyads.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">Worldviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(contemporary)" title="Cynicism (contemporary)">Cynicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeatism" title="Defeatism">Defeatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatalism" title="Fatalism">Fatalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misanthropy" title="Misanthropy">Misanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">Optimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessimism" title="Pessimism">Pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recluse" title="Recluse">Reclusion</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Affect <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_consciousness" title="Affect consciousness">consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affect_(education)" title="Affect (education)">in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affect_measures" title="Affect measures">measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affect_(psychology)" title="Affect (psychology)">in psychology</a></li></ul></li> <li>Affective <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affective_computing" title="Affective computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_forecasting" title="Affective forecasting">forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_science" title="Affective science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_spectrum" title="Affective spectrum">spectrum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Affectivity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positive_affectivity" title="Positive affectivity">positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_affectivity" title="Negative affectivity">negative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_emotion" title="Appeal to emotion">Appeal to emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amygdala_hijack" title="Amygdala hijack">Amygdala hijack</a></li> <li>Emotion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_emotion" title="Art and emotion">and art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_and_memory" title="Emotion and memory">and memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_emotion" title="Music and emotion">and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_psychology" title="Sex differences in psychology">and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_emotions" title="Sleep and emotions">and sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_classification" title="Emotion classification">classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressed_emotion" title="Expressed emotion">expressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_accounts_of_emotion" title="Functional accounts of emotion">functional accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_emotion" title="Group emotion">group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostatic_emotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeostatic emotion">homeostatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_perception" title="Emotion perception">perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_recognition" title="Emotion recognition">recognition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_recognition_in_conversation" title="Emotion recognition in conversation">in conversation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_self-regulation" title="Emotional self-regulation">regulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_emotion_regulation" title="Interpersonal emotion regulation">interpersonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_work" title="Emotion work">work</a></li></ul></li> <li>Emotional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_aperture" title="Emotional aperture">aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_bias" title="Emotional bias">bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">blackmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_competence" title="Emotional competence">competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_conflict" title="Emotional conflict">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_contagion" title="Emotional contagion">contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_detachment" title="Emotional detachment">detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_dysregulation" title="Emotional dysregulation">dysregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_eating" title="Emotional eating">eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_exhaustion" title="Emotional exhaustion">exhaustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_expression" title="Emotional expression">expression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_emotional_expression" title="Gender and emotional expression">and gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">and bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy_quotient" title="Empathy quotient">Empathy quotient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intimacy" title="Emotional intimacy">intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_isolation" title="Emotional isolation">isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_lability" title="Emotional lability">lability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_lateralization" title="Emotional lateralization">lateralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_literacy" title="Emotional literacy">literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_prosody" title="Emotional prosody">prosody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_reasoning" title="Emotional reasoning">reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_responsivity" title="Emotional responsivity">responsivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional security">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_symbiosis" title="Emotional symbiosis">symbiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_thought_method" title="Emotional thought method">thought method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_well-being" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional well-being">well-being</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotionality" title="Emotionality">Emotionality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounded_emotionality" title="Bounded emotionality">bounded</a></li></ul></li> <li>Emotions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotions_and_culture" title="Emotions and culture">and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_emotions" title="History of emotions">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotions_in_decision-making" title="Emotions in decision-making">in decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotions_in_the_workplace" title="Emotions in the workplace">in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotions_in_virtual_communication" title="Emotions in virtual communication">in virtual communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_emotions" title="Moral emotions">moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-conscious_emotions" title="Self-conscious emotions">self-conscious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_emotions" title="Social emotions">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sharing_of_emotions" title="Social sharing of emotions">social sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_emotions" title="Sociology of emotions">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_affective_tone" title="Group affective tone">Group affective tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactions_between_the_emotional_and_executive_brain_systems" title="Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems">Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jealousy_in_art" title="Jealousy in art">Jealousy in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-emotion" title="Meta-emotion">Meta-emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathognomy" title="Pathognomy">Pathognomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathos" title="Pathos">Pathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_emotional_development" title="Social emotional development">Social emotional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoic_passions" title="Stoic passions">Stoic passions</a></li> <li>Theory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_theory" title="Affect theory">affect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appraisal_theory" title="Appraisal theory">appraisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constructed_emotion" title="Theory of constructed emotion">constructed emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_emotion_theory" title="Discrete emotion theory">discrete emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatic_marker_hypothesis" title="Somatic marker hypothesis">somatic marker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate emotion names in foreign languages</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narcissism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narcissism" title="Template:Narcissism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narcissism" title="Template talk:Narcissism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narcissism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narcissism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narcissism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">Narcissism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Similar personality concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egomania" title="Egomania">Egomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">Egotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_complex" title="God complex">God complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_narcissism" title="Healthy narcissism">Healthy narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(psychology)" title="Machiavellianism (psychology)">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_complex" title="Messiah complex">Messiah complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superiority_complex" title="Superiority complex">Superiority complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_narcissism" title="Collective narcissism">Collective narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Juanism" title="Don Juanism">Don Juanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">In the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_leadership" title="Narcissistic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_generation" title="Me generation">Me generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_parent" title="Narcissistic parent">Parents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pathological narcissism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" title="Narcissistic personality disorder">Narcissistic personality disorder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_narcissism" title="History of narcissism">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_triad" title="Dark triad">Dark triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malignant_narcissism" title="Malignant narcissism">Malignant narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation (psychology)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Narcissistic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_injury" title="Narcissistic injury">injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_neurosis" title="Narcissistic neurosis">neurosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_elation" title="Narcissistic elation">elation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_mortification" title="Narcissistic mortification">mortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_supply" title="Narcissistic supply">supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_withdrawal" title="Narcissistic withdrawal">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_Personality_Inventory" title="Narcissistic Personality Inventory">Narcissistic Personality Inventory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related psychology concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(psychology)" title="Compensation (psychology)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entitlement_(psychology)" title="Entitlement (psychology)">Entitlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandiosity" 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