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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Powers and duties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Powers_and_duties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Powers and duties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_amendment_and_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_amendment_and_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Constitutional amendment and enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_amendment_and_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electing_and_appointing_state_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electing_and_appointing_state_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Electing and appointing state leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electing_and_appointing_state_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determining_major_state_issues_worthy_of_legislative_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determining_major_state_issues_worthy_of_legislative_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Determining major state issues worthy of legislative action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determining_major_state_issues_worthy_of_legislative_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Foreign outreach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics_of_National_People's_Congresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics_of_National_People's_Congresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Demographics of National People's Congresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics_of_National_People's_Congresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong,_Macau_and_Taiwan_delegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong,_Macau_and_Taiwan_delegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan delegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong,_Macau_and_Taiwan_delegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Military delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_minorities_and_overseas_Chinese_delegates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_minorities_and_overseas_Chinese_delegates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ethnic minorities and overseas Chinese delegates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_minorities_and_overseas_Chinese_delegates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background_of_delegates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_of_delegates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Background of delegates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_of_delegates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Presidium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standing_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standing_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Standing Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standing_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Administrative bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Special Committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Procedures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Procedures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Procedures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Proceedings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National People's Congress</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مجلس الشعب الصيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس الشعب الصيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamblea_Popular_Nacional_de_China" title="Asamblea Popular Nacional de China – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asamblea Popular Nacional de China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmum%C3%A7in_Xalq_N%C3%BCmay%C9%99nd%C9%99l%C9%99ri_M%C9%99clisi" title="Ümumçin Xalq Nümayəndələri Məclisi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ümumçin Xalq Nümayəndələri Məclisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="ন্যাশনাল পিপলস কংগ্রেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যাশনাল পিপলস কংগ্রেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C3%A2n-kok_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_T%C4%81i-pi%C3%A1u_T%C4%81i-h%C5%8De" title="Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Усекітайскі Сход Народных Прадстаўнікоў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усекітайскі Сход Народных Прадстаўнікоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Общокитайско събрание на народните представители – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Общокитайско събрание на народните представители" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblea_Popular_Nacional_de_la_Xina" title="Assemblea Popular Nacional de la Xina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assemblea Popular Nacional de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A1e%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_shrom%C3%A1%C5%BEd%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_lidov%C3%BDch_z%C3%A1stupc%C5%AF" title="Všečínské shromáždění lidových zástupců – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Všečínské shromáždění lidových zástupců" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Nationale_Folkekongres" title="Den Nationale Folkekongres – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Nationale Folkekongres" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaler_Volkskongress" title="Nationaler Volkskongress – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nationaler Volkskongress" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Clehiinaline_Rahvaesindajate_Kogu" title="Ülehiinaline Rahvaesindajate Kogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ülehiinaline Rahvaesindajate Kogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εθνικό Λαϊκό Συνέδριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνικό Λαϊκό Συνέδριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamblea_Popular_Nacional_de_China" title="Asamblea Popular Nacional de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asamblea Popular Nacional de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlanda_Popola_Kongreso" title="Tutlanda Popola Kongreso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tutlanda Popola Kongreso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Batzar_Nazionala" title="Txinako Herri Batzar Nazionala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Herri Batzar Nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82" title="کنگره ملی خلق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگره ملی خلق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale_populaire" title="Assemblée nationale populaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assemblée nationale populaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C%EB%8C%80%ED%9A%8C" title="전국인민대표대회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전국인민대표대회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Rakyat_Nasional" title="Kongres Rakyat Nasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kongres Rakyat Nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblea_nazionale_del_popolo" title="Assemblea nazionale del popolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assemblea nazionale del popolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99" title="הקונגרס הלאומי העממי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקונגרס הלאומי העממי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სრულიად ჩინეთის წარმომადგენელთა კრება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სრულიად ჩინეთის წარმომადგენელთა კრება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бүкілқытайлық халық өкілдерінің жиналысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүкілқытайлық халық өкілдерінің жиналысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Национално народно собрание – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Национално народно собрание" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ედომუშამი ჩინეთიშ წჷმმარინაფალეფიშ კათუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ედომუშამი ჩინეთიშ წჷმმარინაფალეფიშ კათუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Rakyat_Kebangsaan" title="Kongres Rakyat Kebangsaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kongres Rakyat Kebangsaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%85_%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бүх Хятадын Ардын төлөөлөгчдийн Их хурал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүх Хятадын Ардын төлөөлөгчдийн Их хурал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အမျိုးသားပြည်သူ့ကွန်ဂရက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမျိုးသားပြည်သူ့ကွန်ဂရက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Volkscongres" title="Nationaal Volkscongres – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationaal Volkscongres" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="全国人民代表大会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="全国人民代表大会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_nasjonale_folkekongressen" title="Den nasjonale folkekongressen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den nasjonale folkekongressen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="قومی عوامی کانگریس (چین) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قومی عوامی کانگریس (چین)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C3%B3lnochi%C5%84skie_Zgromadzenie_Przedstawicieli_Ludowych" title="Ogólnochińskie Zgromadzenie Przedstawicieli Ludowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ogólnochińskie Zgromadzenie Przedstawicieli Ludowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_Nacional_do_Povo" title="Congresso Nacional do Povo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Congresso Nacional do Povo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Всекитайское собрание народных представителей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Всекитайское собрание народных представителей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National People's Congress" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Национални народни конгрес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национални народни конгрес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalni_narodni_kongres" title="Nacionalni narodni kongres – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nacionalni narodni kongres" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_kansankongressi" title="Kiinan kansankongressi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan kansankongressi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationella_folkkongressen" title="Nationella folkkongressen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nationella folkkongressen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambansang_Kongresong_Bayan" title="Pambansang Kongresong Bayan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pambansang Kongresong Bayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தேசிய மக்கள் பேராயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேசிய மக்கள் பேராயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="สภาประชาชนแห่งชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภาประชาชนแห่งชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_Halk_Kongresi" title="Ulusal Halk Kongresi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal Halk Kongresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Всекитайські збори народних представників – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Всекитайські збори народних представників" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="قومی عوامی کانگریس (چین) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قومی عوامی کانگریس (چین)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%85%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D9%82_%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89" title="مەملىكەتلىك خەلق قۇرۇلتىيى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەملىكەتلىك خەلق قۇرۇلتىيى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daengxgoek_Yinzminz_Daibiuj_Davei" title="Daengxgoek Yinzminz Daibiuj Davei – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daengxgoek Yinzminz Daibiuj Davei" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_bi%E1%BB%83u_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_to%C3%A0n_qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Đại hội đại biểu Nhân dân toàn quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại hội đại biểu Nhân dân toàn quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="全國人民代表大會 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="全國人民代表大會" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="全國人民代表大會 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="全國人民代表大會" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="全國人民代表大會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="全國人民代表大會" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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searchaux" style="display:none">National legislature of the People's Republic of China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the current Congress, see <a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th National People's Congress</a>. For the list of prior congresses, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_People%27s_Congress_terms" title="List of National People's Congress terms">List</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Parliament of China" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_China_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Parliament of China (disambiguation)">Parliament of China (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th National People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/225px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/300px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">15 September 1954<span class="noprint"><br />(70 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1954-09-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman of the Standing Committee</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP</a> <br />since 10 March 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress">Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongming" title="Wang Dongming">Wang Dongming</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jie" title="Xiao Jie">Xiao Jie</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jianbang" title="Zheng Jianbang">Zheng Jianbang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ding_Zhongli" title="Ding Zhongli">Ding Zhongli</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hao_Mingjin" title="Hao Mingjin">Hao Mingjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cai_Dafeng" title="Cai Dafeng">Cai Dafeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a><br /><a href="/wiki/He_Wei" title="He Wei">He Wei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wu_Weihua" title="Wu Weihua">Wu Weihua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tie_Ning" title="Tie Ning">Tie Ning</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Peng_Qinghua" title="Peng Qinghua">Peng Qinghua</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingwei" title="Zhang Qingwei">Zhang Qingwei</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Losang_Jamcan" title="Losang Jamcan">Losang Jamcan</a>, CCP<br /><a href="/wiki/Shohrat_Zakir" title="Shohrat Zakir">Shohrat Zakir</a>, CCP <br />since 10 March 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General of the Standing Committee</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP</a> <br />since 10 March 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>NPC</b>: 2977 <br /><b>NPCSC</b>: 175</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg/250px-14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg/375px-14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg/500px-14th_National_People%27s_Congress.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">NPC political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DD0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> (2,577)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#189df0; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a> (60)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indianred; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a> (56)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cb7e1f; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a> (55)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFF500; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a> (54)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orangered; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a> (44)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1b65af; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a> (41)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a> (39)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1678C1; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a> (13)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Vacant (38)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NPC_Standing_Committee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/NPC_Standing_Committee.svg/250px-NPC_Standing_Committee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/NPC_Standing_Committee.svg/375px-NPC_Standing_Committee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/NPC_Standing_Committee.svg/500px-NPC_Standing_Committee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DD0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP</a> (117)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cb7e1f; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a> (9)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFF500; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a> (7)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1b65af; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a> (6)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#189df0; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indianred; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orangered; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1678C1; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C2C2C2; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (13)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:vacant; color:;"> </span> Vacant (3)</span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">NPC <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect</a> modified <a href="/wiki/Multiple_non-transferable_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple non-transferable vote">block</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_approval_voting" title="Combined approval voting">combined approval voting</a><sup id="cite_ref-Election_11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election_11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-el_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cgov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect</a> modified <a href="/wiki/Multiple_non-transferable_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple non-transferable vote">block</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_approval_voting" title="Combined approval voting">combined approval voting</a><sup id="cite_ref-Election_11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election_11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-el_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cgov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last NPC election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">December 2022 – January 2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_National_People%27s_Congress" title="2023 National People's Congress">11 March 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next NPC election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Late 2027 – early 2028</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPCSC</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 2028</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Redistricting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatHall_auditorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/GreatHall_auditorium.jpg/250px-GreatHall_auditorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/GreatHall_auditorium.jpg/375px-GreatHall_auditorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/GreatHall_auditorium.jpg/500px-GreatHall_auditorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People" title="Great Hall of the People">Great Hall of the People</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/">en<wbr />.npc<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn<wbr />.cdurl<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19211#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Constitution of the People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #DD0000; border-bottom: 2px solid #DD0000">Rules</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/12/content_1383914.htm">Rules of Procedure for the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China</a> (English)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">National People's Congress</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="cmn-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD#cmn-Hans" class="extiw" title="wikt:全国">全国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91#cmn-Hans" class="extiw" title="wikt:人民">人民</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8#cmn-Hans" class="extiw" title="wikt:代表">代表</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A#cmn-Hans" class="extiw" title="wikt:大会">大会</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="cmn-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B#cmn-Hant" class="extiw" title="wikt:全國">全國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91#cmn-Hant" class="extiw" title="wikt:人民">人民</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8#cmn-Hant" class="extiw" title="wikt:代表">代表</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83#cmn-Hant" class="extiw" title="wikt:大會">大會</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Nationwide People Representative Assembly</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Abbreviation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">全国人大</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">全國人大</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Quánguó Réndà</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tibetan name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མི་དམངས་འཐུས་མི་ཚོགས་ཆེན་</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="bo-Latn">rgyal yongs mi dmangs 'thus mi tshogs chen</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Zhuang name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang language">Zhuang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="za" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, sans-serif;">Daengx Guek Yinzminz Daibyauj Daihhoih</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">전국인민대표대회</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mongolian name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Cyrillic script">Mongolian Cyrillic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn">Бөх улсын ардын төлөөлөгчдийн их хурал</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ<br />ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ<br />ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ<br />ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ</span></span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Uyghur name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1074196468">.mw-parser-output .font-uig{font-family:"UKIJ Tuz","UKIJ Nasq","UKIJ Basma","UKIJ_Mac Basma","UKIJ Zilwa","UKIJ Esliye","UKIJ Tuz Basma","UKIJ Tuz Kitab","UKIJ Tuz Gezit","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Tor","UKIJ Kesme","UKIJ Kesme Tuz","UKIJ Qara","UKIJ Basma Aq","UKIJ Basma Qara","UKIJ Basma Tuz","UKIJ Putuk","UKIJ Tuz Xet","UKIJ Tom Xet","UKIJ Tuz Jurnal","UKIJ Arabic","UKIJ CJK","UKIJ Ekran","UKIJ_Mac Ekran","UKIJ Teng","UKIJ Tor","UKIJ Tuz Tom","UKIJ Mono Keng","UKIJ Mono Tar","UKIJ Nokia","UKIJ SimSun","UKIJ Yanfon","UKIJ Qolyazma","UKIJ Saet","UKIJ Nasq Zilwa","UKIJ Sulus","UKIJ Sulus Tom","UKIJ 3D","UKIJ Diwani","UKIJ Diwani Yantu","UKIJ Diwani Tom","UKIJ Esliye Tom","UKIJ Esliye Qara","UKIJ Jelliy","UKIJ Kufi","UKIJ Kufi Tar","UKIJ Kufi Uz","UKIJ Kufi Yay","UKIJ Merdane","UKIJ Ruqi","UKIJ Mejnuntal","UKIJ Junun","UKIJ Moy Qelem","UKIJ Chiwer Kesme","UKIJ Orxun-Yensey","UKIJ Elipbe","UKIJ Qolyazma Tez","UKIJ Qolyazma Tuz","UKIJ Qolyazma Yantu","UKIJ Ruqi Tuz",FZWWBBOT_Unicode,FZWWHQHTOT_Unicode,"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,"Microsoft Uighur","Noto Naskh Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Microsoft Sans Serif";font-feature-settings:"cv50"1}</style><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;">مەملىكەتلىك خەلق قۇرۇلتىيى</span>‎</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin Yëziqi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn">Memliketlik xelq qurultiyi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Yengi Yeziⱪ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn">Məmlikətlik həlⱪ ⱪurultiyi</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh Language">Kazakh</a> name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh Language">Kazakh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk" dir="rtl">مەملەكەتتىك حالىق قۇرىلتايى</span></span></td><link 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom: 0.2em solid #CE294E00;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">Xi Administration</a> (since 2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1978</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (From 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Safeguards" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Establishes and Two Safeguards">Two Establishes and Two Safeguards</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial committee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of the People's Republic of China">Presidential Office</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>) <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>): <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Members: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Departments: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd> <dd>National armed forces: <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Emblem_PLA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army"><img alt="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/23px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/35px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/46px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_(CAPF)_cap_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force"><img alt="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/21px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/32px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/42px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="775" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Coast Guard"><img alt="Emblem of the Coast Guard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/21px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/32px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/42px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">Military reform since 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Prosecutions_Office_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Prosecutions Office (Macau) (page does not exist)">Public Prosecutions Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Services (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Services</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judiciary_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judiciary Police (page does not exist)">Judiciary Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_Bureau_of_Prison_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (page does not exist)">Bureau of Prison Administration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法部监狱管理局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Film_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship of Chinese issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd> <dd>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese Affairs Office</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">Chinese nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens">Visa requirements for Chinese citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Macau" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of China">Visa policy of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa policy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">National Immigration 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relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Family planning policy">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-color: #AAAAAA;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_China" title="Template talk:Politics of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National People's Congress</b> (<b>NPC</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">highest organ of state power</a> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. The NPC is the only branch of government in China, and per the principle of <a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">unified power</a>, all state organs from the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> (SPC) are subservient to it. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_number_of_members" title="List of legislatures by number of members">largest legislative body in the world</a>. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People" title="Great Hall of the People">Great Hall of the People</a> on the west side of <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a> in Beijing. </p><p>Since Chinese politics functions within a <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist state</a> framework based on the <a href="/wiki/System_of_people%27s_congress" title="System of people's congress">system of people's congress</a>, the NPC works under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>. Some observers characterize the branch as a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">rubber stamp</a> body.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most delegates to the NPC are officially elected by local people's congresses at the provincial level; local legislatures which are <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly elected</a> at all levels except the county-level. The CCP controls the nomination and election processes at every level in the people's congress system. </p><p>The National People's Congress meets in full session for roughly two weeks each year and votes on important pieces of legislation and personnel assignments, among other things. These sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the National Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups. As the NPC and the CPPCC are the main deliberative bodies of China, they are often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Two_Sessions" title="Two Sessions">Two Sessions</a> (<i>Lianghui</i>). According to the NPC, its annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and to present future plans to the nation. Due to the temporary nature of the plenary sessions, most of NPC's power is delegated to the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> (NPCSC), which consists of about 170 legislators and meets in continuous bi-monthly sessions, when its parent NPC is not in session. </p><p>Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay. Delegates to the National People's Congress are allowed to hold seats in other bodies of government simultaneously and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics. However, membership of the Standing Committee is often full-time and carries a salary, and Standing Committee members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts. Under <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">China's Constitution</a>, the NPC is structured as a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> legislature, with the power to amend the Constitution, legislate and oversee the operations of the government, and elect the major officers of the <a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a>, the Supreme People's Court, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a>, and the state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current National People's Congress can trace its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> beginning in 1931 where the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies was held on 7 November 1931, in <a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> on the 14th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> with another <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets" title="Congress of Soviets">Soviet Congress</a> that took place in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> on 18 March 1932, the 61st Anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>. A Second National Congress took place from 22 January to 1 February 1934. During the event, only 693 deputies were elected with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Chinese Red Army</a> taking 117 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945 after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the CCP and the Kuomintang held a <a href="/wiki/Political_Consultative_Conference_(Republic_of_China)" title="Political Consultative Conference (Republic of China)">Political Consultative Conference</a> with the parties holding talks on post-World War II political reforms. This was included in the <a href="/wiki/Double_Tenth_Agreement" title="Double Tenth Agreement">Double Tenth Agreement</a>, which was implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>, who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, <a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">Young China Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">China Democratic League</a>, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing, temporary capital of China.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second <a href="/wiki/1st_National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="1st National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> took place in September 1949, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state (PRC). This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. The first conference approved the <a href="/wiki/Common_Program" title="Common Program">Common Program</a>, which served as the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> for the next five years. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a <i>de facto</i> legislature of the PRC during the first five years of existence.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, the <a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Constitution</a> transferred this function to the National People's Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_duties">Powers and duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Powers and duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/System_of_people%27s_congress" title="System of people's congress">System of people's congress</a></div> <p>Under the constitution, the NPC is the <a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">highest organ of state power</a> in China, and all four Chinese constitutions have granted it a large amount of lawmaking power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">presidency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">PRC Central Military Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> are all formally under the authority of the NPC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution guarantees the CCP a leadership role, and the NPC therefore does not serve as a forum of debate between government and opposition parties as is the case with Western parliaments.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to the NPC being described as a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">rubber stamp</a> legislature<sup id="cite_ref-:4_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Billionaires_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Billionaires-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity and salience to the CCP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation typically passes quickly, but there are notable examples where laws do not get through the NPC, and negative votes have become more commonplace since its inception.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to academic Rory Truex of the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Princeton School of Public and International Affairs</a>, NPC "deputies convey citizen grievances but shy away from sensitive political issues, and the government in turn displays partial responsiveness to their concerns."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016158–175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Austin Ramzy, writing for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><i>The</i> <i>New York Times</i></a><i>,</i> the NPC "is a carefully crafted pageant intended to convey the image of a transparent, responsive government."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the NPC's members, Hu Xiaoyan, told <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents. She was quoted as saying, "As a parliamentary representative, I don't have any real power."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formally, there are four main functions and powers of the NPC:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_amendment_and_enforcement">Constitutional amendment and enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constitutional amendment and enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPC has the sole power to amend the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amendments to the Constitution must be proposed by the NPC Standing Committee or one-fifth or more of the NPC deputies. In order for the Amendments to become effective, they must be passed by a two-thirds majority vote of all deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackerrasMcMillenWatson2001232_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackerrasMcMillenWatson2001232-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPC is also responsible for supervising the enforcement of the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201650_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201650-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CCP leadership plays a large role in the approval of constitutional amendments. In contrast to ordinary legislation, which the CCP leadership approves the legislation in principle, and in which the legislation is then introduced by government ministers or individual NPC delegates, constitutional amendments are drafted and debated within the party, approved by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Central Committee</a> and then presented by party deputies under the Standing Committee to the whole of the NPC during its yearly plenary session. If Congress is on recess and the Standing Committee is in session, the same process is repeated by either the party leader in the NPCSC or by one of the party deputies, but following the approval by the NPCSC, the amendments will be presented during the plenary session to all of the deputies for a final vote on the matter. If a fifth or more of the CCP party faction deputies will propose amendments either on their own or with the other parties in plenary session, the same process is applied.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to ordinary legislation, in which the Legislation Law largely directs the process, the process for constitutional revision is largely described by CCP documents.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to passing legislation, the NPCSC interacts with local governments through its constitutional review process. In contrast with other jurisdictions by which constitutional enforcement is considered a judicial power, in Chinese political theory, constitutional enforcement is considered a legislative power, and Chinese courts do not have the authority to determine constitutionality of legislation or administrative measures. Challenges to constitutionality have therefore become the responsibility of the National People's Congress which has a recording and review mechanism for constitutional issues.<sup id="cite_ref-npcobserver.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npcobserver.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPC has created a set of institutions which monitor local administrative measures for constitutionality.<sup id="cite_ref-npcobserver.com_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npcobserver.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, the Legislative Affairs Committee will review legislation for constitutionality and then inform the enacting agencies of its findings, and rely on the enacting agency to reverse its decision. Although the NPC has the legal authority to annul unconstitutional legislation by a local government, it has never used that power.<sup id="cite_ref-npcobserver.com_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npcobserver.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPC's has the sole power to "enact and amend basic criminal and civil laws, basic laws governing the State organs, and other basic laws".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To do this, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the People's Republic in regards to its legislative activities. When the congress is in recess, its Standing Committee enacts all legislation presented to it by the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, other government organs or by the deputies themselves either of the standing committee or those of the committees within the NPC.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary role of the CCP in the legislative process largely is exercised during the proposal and drafting of any legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the NPC considers legislation, there are working groups which study the proposed topic, and CCP leadership must first agree to any legislative changes before they are presented to either the full Congress or the NPCSC.<sup id="cite_ref-uschina.org_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uschina.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (May 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electing_and_appointing_state_leaders">Electing and appointing state leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electing and appointing state leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPC elects and appoints top-level positions in the Chinese state.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 59–60">: 59–60 </span></sup> The following positions are elected:<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Members of the NPC Standing Committee, including its chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General, and regular members</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairperson of the Central Military Commission</a></li> <li>Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President of the Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate</a></li></ul> <p>The following positions are appointed:<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Members of the NPC Special Committees, including their chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons, and regular members (nominated by the Presidium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier of the State Council</a> (nominated and appointed by the President)</li> <li>Other members of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> (nominated by the Premier, appointed by the President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairpersons</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> (nominated by the chairperson)</li></ul> <p>Elections and appointments differ in that elections can theoretically be competitive with multiple candidates submitted by the Presidium, or with write-in votes by the delegates, while the delegates can only vote for the official nominee in appointments. However, nearly all of the elections are non-competitive with a single candidate, with only elections for the regular members of the NPCSC being competitive since 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election and appointments for high-ranking posts are effectively decided secretly within the CCP months in advance, with NPC delegates having no say in these decisions. Elections in extraordinary circumstances have a similar approach with CCP involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to official accounts, in a normal election, the process of selecting the nominees generally entails repeated discussions between Party leaders, multiple rounds of discussions with CCP members in high-ranking positions and with major non-Party organizations, as well as anti-corruption and political review of the potential candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list of candidates is then approved first by the CCP's <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>, and then by its <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a>. If the candidates in question are nominated for a top-level position, in a special plenary session the Central Committee also endorses the nominees just before the NPC session for election by the Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the plenum ends, the CCP customarily holds a "democratic consultative meeting", formally informing non-CCP organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">eight minor political parties</a>, of the proposed nominees and soliciting their views on the candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Full Central Committee endorsement for lower-level positions, such as regular NPCSC members, the State Council Secretary-General and departmental heads, and all members of the Special Committees and their committee chairpersons, is also expected.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the NPC session, the official in the Presidium in charge of personnel explains the proposed nominees and the selection process to the delegates. The delegates are then granted the short bios of the candidates, and given time for "deliberations and consultations", or simply "deliberations" for the appointed positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Determining_major_state_issues_worthy_of_legislative_action">Determining major state issues worthy of legislative action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Determining major state issues worthy of legislative action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPC's other legislative work is creating legislation on, examining, and reviewing major national issues of concern presented to the Congress by either the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, or its own deputies either of the NPCSC or its committees. These include legislation on the report on the plan for national economic and social development and on its implementation, the national budget, and other matters. The Basic Laws of both the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region, and the laws creating Hainan Province and Chongqing Municipality and the building of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were all passed by the NPC in plenary session, legislation passed by the Standing Committee when it is in recess carry the same weight as those of the whole of the Congress. In performing these responsibilities either as a whole chamber or by its Standing Committee, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the People's Republic in acting on these issues in aid of legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In practice, although the final votes on laws of the NPC often return a high affirmative vote, a great deal of legislative activity occurs in determining the content of the legislation to be voted on. A major bill such as the Securities Law can take years to draft, and a bill sometimes will not be put before a final vote if there is significant opposition to the measure either within the Congress or by deputies in the Standing Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_outreach">Foreign outreach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Foreign outreach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all official organs, the NPC is responsible for carrying out <a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">united front</a> work. The NPC conducts outreach campaigns with foreign legislatures and parliamentarians for relationship-building and promotion of major CCP policy initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Election Law restricts the NPC's maximum size to 3,000 deputy seats.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/System_of_people%27s_congress" title="System of people's congress">people's congress system</a>, the NPC is elected by the 32 people's congresses at the <a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">province-level</a>; people's congresses are indirectly elected at all levels by the congress at the level below, except at the county and township level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016107_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016107-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, delegations are allocated to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA), the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, as well as the claimed <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">province of Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay, with deputies spending around 49 weeks per year at their home provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016125_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016125-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPC members may be elected to represent a province that they do not live in.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 61">: 61 </span></sup> Delegates have the legal right to make speeches in the full chamber of the Great Hall of the People during NPC sessions, though they rarely exercise this right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex2016170_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex2016170-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delegates are allowed to simultaneously hold seats in other bodies of government and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics.<sup id="cite_ref-npc.gov.cn_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npc.gov.cn-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The CCP maintains control over the composition of deputies of people's congresses, especially in the National People's Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although CCP approval is, in effect, essential for membership in the NPC, approximately a third of the seats are by convention reserved for non-CCP members. This includes technical experts and deputies of the eight minor parties.<sup id="cite_ref-isdp.eu_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isdp.eu-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these members provide technical expertise and a somewhat greater diversity of views, they do not function as a <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">political opposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Election Law requires the composition of NPC delegates to be "broadly representative". Since the beginning of the reform and opening up era in 1978, the each NPC at their last session have released a "decision on the quotas and elections" for the next NPC, allocating a certain number of seats for demographic groups or setting forth guidelines on a groups representation.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics_of_National_People's_Congresses"><span id="Demographics_of_National_People.27s_Congresses"></span>Demographics of National People's Congresses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics of National People's Congresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Congress</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Total deputies</th> <th>Female deputies</th> <th><small>Female %</small></th> <th>Minority deputies</th> <th><small>Minority %</small> </th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_National_People%27s_Congress" title="1st National People's Congress">1st</a></td> <td>1954</td> <td>1226</td> <td>147</td> <td><small>12</small></td> <td>178</td> <td><small>14.5</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="2nd National People's Congress">2nd</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>1226</td> <td>150</td> <td><small>12.2</small></td> <td>179</td> <td><small>14.6</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="3rd National People's Congress">3rd</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>3040</td> <td>542</td> <td><small>17.8</small></td> <td>372</td> <td><small>12.2</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="4th National People's Congress">4th</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>2885</td> <td>653</td> <td><small>22.6</small></td> <td>270</td> <td><small>9.4</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="5th National People's Congress">5th</a></td> <td>1978</td> <td>3497</td> <td>742</td> <td><small>21.2</small></td> <td>381</td> <td><small>10.9</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="6th National People's Congress">6th</a></td> <td>1983</td> <td>2978</td> <td>632</td> <td><small>21.2</small></td> <td>403</td> <td><small>13.5</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="7th National People's Congress">7th</a></td> <td>1988</td> <td>2978</td> <td>634</td> <td><small>21.3</small></td> <td>445</td> <td><small>14.9</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="8th National People's Congress">8th</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td>2978</td> <td>626</td> <td><small>21</small></td> <td>439</td> <td><small>14.8</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="9th National People's Congress">9th</a></td> <td>1998</td> <td>2979</td> <td>650</td> <td><small>21.8</small></td> <td>428</td> <td><small>14.4</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="10th National People's Congress">10th</a></td> <td>2003</td> <td>2985</td> <td>604</td> <td><small>20.2</small></td> <td>414</td> <td><small>13.9</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="11th National People's Congress">11th</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>2987</td> <td>637</td> <td><small>21.3</small></td> <td>411</td> <td><small>13.8</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="12th National People's Congress">12th</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td>2987</td> <td>699</td> <td><small>23.4</small></td> <td>409</td> <td><small>13.7</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="13th National People's Congress">13th</a></td> <td>2018</td> <td>2980</td> <td>742</td> <td><small>24.9</small></td> <td>438</td> <td><small>14.7</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a></td> <td>2023</td> <td>2977</td> <td>790</td> <td><small>26.5</small></td> <td>442</td> <td><small>14.8</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:3_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong,_Macau_and_Taiwan_delegations"><span id="Hong_Kong.2C_Macau_and_Taiwan_delegations"></span>Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan delegations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan delegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> has had a separate delegation since the 9th NPC in 1998, and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> since the 10th NPC in 2003. The delegates from Hong Kong and Macau are elected via an electoral college rather than by popular vote, but do include significant political figures who are residing in the two regions.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since their transfer of sovereignty, Hong Kong and Macau have been given 36 and 12 deputies elected to the NPC respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NPC has included a "Taiwan" delegation since the 4th NPC in 1975, in line with the PRC's position that Taiwan is a <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">province</a> of China. Prior to the 2000s, the Taiwan delegates in the NPC were mostly Taiwanese members of the Chinese Communist Party who fled Taiwan after 1947. They are now either deceased or elderly, and in the last three Congresses, only one of the "Taiwan" deputies was actually born in Taiwan (<a href="/wiki/Chen_Yunying" title="Chen Yunying">Chen Yunying</a>, wife of economist <a href="/wiki/Justin_Yifu_Lin" title="Justin Yifu Lin">Justin Yifu Lin</a>); the remainder are "second-generation Taiwan compatriots", whose parents or grandparents came from Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (January 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Delegations from Taiwan are chosen by "consultative election meetings" composed of 120 "compatriots of Taiwanese ancestry" hailing from various provinces in China, the central government and party agencies, and the military. Since the 6th NPC, Taiwan has been given 6 deputies at the NPC.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg/270px-The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg/405px-The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg/540px-The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The 12th National People's Congress held in 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_delegation">Military delegation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Military delegation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The military sends its own delegation to the NPC, which is elected by servicemember election committees of top-level military subdivisions, including the PLA's <a href="/wiki/Theater_commands_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater commands of the People's Liberation Army">theater commands</a> and service branches. After the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> (PAP) was placed under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> in 2018, the PLA and PAP have formed a joint delegation.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PLA delegation has been amongst the largest since the founding of the NPC, making up anywhere from 4 percent of the total delegates (3rd NPC), to 17 percent (4th NPC). Since the 5th NPC, it has usually held about 9 percent of the total delegate seats, and is consistently the largest delegation in the NPC.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 14th NPC, for example, the PLA and PAP delegation has 281 deputies; the next largest delegation is <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, with 173 deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_minorities_and_overseas_Chinese_delegates">Ethnic minorities and overseas Chinese delegates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnic minorities and overseas Chinese delegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 150-seat quota for ethnic minorities was enacted in China's first election law in 1953. The 1982 constitution mandates that every ethnic minority should have "an appropriate number of delegates". The 5th NPC abandoned an explicit quota for ethnic minorities, substituting it with an allocation of "approximately 12%" of all seats for the next NPC, a practice followed by all subsequent NPC meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per the Election Law, the NPCSC is authorized to allocate the quota seats to each provincial delegation based on the "population and distribution". The law also requires that each of China's 55 official ethnic minorities have at least one elected deputy to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the first three NPCs, there was a special delegation for returned overseas Chinese, but this was eliminated starting in the 4th NPC, and although overseas Chinese remain a recognized group in the NPC, they are now scattered among the various delegations.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_of_delegates">Background of delegates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Background of delegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hurun_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurun Report">Hurun Report</a> has tracked the wealth of some of the NPC's delegates: in 2018, the 153 delegates classed by the report as "super rich" (including China's wealthiest person, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huateng" title="Ma Huateng">Ma Huateng</a>) had a combined wealth of $650 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Billionaires_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Billionaires-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was up from a combined wealth of $500 billion for the wealthiest 209 delegates in 2017, when (according to state media) 20% of delegates were private entrepreneurs.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, 90 delegates were among the richest 1000 Chinese, each having a net worth of at least 1.8 billion yuan ($289.4 million). This richest 3% of delegates' average net worth was $1.1 billion (compared to an average net worth of $271 million for the richest 3% in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidium">Presidium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Presidium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium of the National People's Congress</a></div> <p>Before each plenary meeting of the NPC, a preparatory meeting is held, where a <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a> and a Secretary-General for the session is elected.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (November 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Presidium presides over the NPC plenary meetings, determining its daily schedule, decides whether to list a delegate's bill on the agenda, hear delegate deliberation reports and decides whether to put an item to vote, nominates the candidates for the top state offices,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinCheng65–99_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinCheng65–99-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and organizes the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">constitutional oath of office</a> ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its functions are defined in the <i>Organic Law of the NPC</i>, but not how it is composed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinCheng201165–99_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinCheng201165–99-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_Committee">Standing Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Standing Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a></div> <p>The NPC Standing Committee is the permanent body of the NPC, elected by the legislature to meet regularly while it is not in session.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201651-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">vice chairpersons</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Secretary-General of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">secretary-general</a>, as well as regular members.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPCSC membership is often full-time and carries a salary, and members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts.<sup id="cite_ref-npc.gov.cn_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npc.gov.cn-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (November 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the NPC only meets annually, the NPCSC effectively functions as the national legislature of China for most of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is granted with nearly all the lawmaking powers as the NPC itself, though it lacks the powers to amend the constitution and to appoint or remove national-level personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201651-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPCSC passes the vast majority of China's laws, and has the powers to conduct oversight over governmental bodies, appoint or remove top-level personnel that are not in the national-level, ratifies treaties, grant special amnesties, and confer state honors.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_bodies">Administrative bodies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administrative bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of administrative bodies have also been established under the Standing Committee to provide support for the day-to-day operation of the NPC. These include:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="General Office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">General Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Affairs_Commission" title="Legislative Affairs Commission">Legislative Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Budgetary Affairs Commission</li> <li>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee</li> <li>Macao Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Committees">Special Committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Special Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committee of the National People's Congress</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_People%27s_Congress_Building_(20200904130106).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg/220px-National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg/330px-National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg/440px-National_People%27s_Congress_Building_%2820200904130106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>National People's Congress Office Building</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the Standing Committee, ten special committees have been established under the NPC to study issues related to specific fields. They include full time staff, who meet regularly to draft and discuss legislative work and policy proposals and the deputies assigned to the committees. A large portion of legislative work in China are effectively delegated to these committees in between the bimonthly plenary sessions of the NPCSC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201652_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201652-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently 10 special committees, which are:<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs Committee</a></li></ul> <p>These are organized in like manner as the Standing Committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedures">Procedures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legislative process of the NPCSC works according to a five-year work plan drafted by the Legislative Affairs Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the work plan, a specific piece of legislative is drafted by a group of legislators or administrative agencies within the State Council, these proposals are collected into a yearly agenda which outlines the work of the NPC in a particular year.<sup id="cite_ref-uschina.org_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uschina.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (November 2023)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> This is followed by consultation by experts and approving in principle by the CCP. Afterwards, the legislation undergoes three readings and public consultation. The final approval is done in a plenary session in which by convention the vote is near unanimous.<sup id="cite_ref-uschina.org_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uschina.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (November 2023)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The NPC had never rejected a government bill until 1986, during the Bankruptcy Law proceedings, wherein a revised bill was passed in the same session. An outright rejection without a revised version being passed occurred in 2000 when a Highway Law was rejected, the first occurrence in sixty years of history.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, in 2015, the NPC refused to pass a package of bills proposed by the State Council, insisting that each bill require a separate vote and revision process.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time for legislation can be as short as six months, or as long as 15 years for controversial legislation such as the Anti-Monopoly Law.<sup id="cite_ref-uschina.org_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uschina.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (November 2023)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proceedings">Proceedings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPC meets for about two weeks each year at the same time as the National Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a>, usually in the Spring. The combined sessions have been known as the <a href="/wiki/Two_Sessions" title="Two Sessions">Two Sessions</a> (<i>Lianghui</i>).<i><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Between these sessions, NPC's power are exercised by the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201651-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Two Sessions, the NPC and the CPPCC hear and discuss reports from the premier of the State Council, the president of the Supreme People's Court, and the procurator-general.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 61–62">: 61–62 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_voting_results_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of voting results of the National People's Congress of China">List of voting results of the National People's Congress of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> (former equivalent)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTruex2016" class="citation book cs1">Truex, Rory (2016). <i>Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107172432" title="Special:BookSources/9781107172432"><bdi>9781107172432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Autocracy+Work%3A+Representation+and+Responsiveness+in+Modern+China&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781107172432&rft.aulast=Truex&rft.aufirst=Rory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackerrasMcMillenWatson2001" class="citation book cs1">Mackerras, Colin; McMillen, Donald; Watson, Andrew (2001). <i>Dictionary of the Politics of the People's Republic of China</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415250672" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415250672"><bdi>978-0415250672</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Politics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0415250672&rft.aulast=Mackerras&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=McMillen%2C+Donald&rft.au=Watson%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinCheng2011" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Feng; Cheng, Joseph Y. S. (2011). <i>Whither China's Democracy: Democratization in China Since the Tiananmen Incident</i>. City University of Hong Kong Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9629371814" title="Special:BookSources/978-9629371814"><bdi>978-9629371814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whither+China%27s+Democracy%3A+Democratization+in+China+Since+the+Tiananmen+Incident&rft.pub=City+University+of+Hong+Kong+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9629371814&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Feng&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Joseph+Y.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See references: <span style="font-size:120%"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Election_11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Election_11_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_11_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_People's_Congress_of_the_PRC" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">National People's Congress of the PRC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613140649/http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2015-08/31/content_1945577.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法</bdi></a> [Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress of the People 's Republic of China]. <i>www.npc.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese (China)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2015-08/31/content_1945577.htm">the original</a> on 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.npc.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%90%84%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E6%B3%95&rft.au=National+People%27s+Congress+of+the+PRC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npc.gov.cn%2Fnpc%2Fxinwen%2F2015-08%2F31%2Fcontent_1945577.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-el-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-el_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-el_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202012/81779080873d4b268c0dbe53e0b04873.shtml">"Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>National People's Congress</i>. 29 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916100002/http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202012/81779080873d4b268c0dbe53e0b04873.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+People%27s+Congress&rft.atitle=Electoral+Law+of+the+National+People%27s+Congress+and+Local+People%27s+Congresses+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2015-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npc.gov.cn%2Fenglishnpc%2Fc23934%2F202012%2F81779080873d4b268c0dbe53e0b04873.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cgov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cgov_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cgov_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/china_abc/2014/08/23/content_281474982987216.htm">"China's Electoral System"</a>. <i>State Council of the People's Republic of China</i>. 25 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904163707/https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/china_abc/2014/08/23/content_281474982987216.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Council+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=China%27s+Electoral+System&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.www.gov.cn%2Farchive%2Fchina_abc%2F2014%2F08%2F23%2Fcontent_281474982987216.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/26325.htm">"IX. The Election System"</a>. <i>China.org.cn</i>. China Internet Information Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306030945/http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/26325.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China.org.cn&rft.atitle=IX.+The+Election+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2FPolitical%2F26325.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/analects/2012/03/05/what-makes-a-rubber-stamp">"What makes a rubber stamp?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 5 March 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108084412/https://www.economist.com/analects/2012/03/05/what-makes-a-rubber-stamp">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=What+makes+a+rubber+stamp%3F&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fanalects%2F2012%2F03%2F05%2Fwhat-makes-a-rubber-stamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-all-eyes-on-beijing-as-chinas-rubber-stamp-parliament-meets-amid/">"China scraps premier's annual news conference a day before rubber-stamp parliament opens in Beijing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. 4 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304131310/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-all-eyes-on-beijing-as-chinas-rubber-stamp-parliament-meets-amid/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=China+scraps+premier%27s+annual+news+conference+a+day+before+rubber-stamp+parliament+opens+in+Beijing&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fworld%2Farticle-all-eyes-on-beijing-as-chinas-rubber-stamp-parliament-meets-amid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190305-chinas-rubber-stamp-parliament-glance">"China's rubber-stamp parliament at a glance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i>. 5 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228025434/https://www.france24.com/en/20190305-chinas-rubber-stamp-parliament-glance">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+People%27s+Government+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Ftest%2F2010-07%2F20%2Fcontent_18181.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/china/2023/07/13/rule-by-law-with-chinese-characteristics">"Rule by law, with Chinese characteristics"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 13 July 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230717164514/https://www.economist.com/china/2023/07/13/rule-by-law-with-chinese-characteristics">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=China%27s+annual+Communist+Party+shindig+is+welcoming+a+handful+of+new+tech+tycoons&rft.date=2018-03-05&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1221265%2Fchinas-annual-communist-party-gathering-welcomes-a-handful-of-new-tech-tycoons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_50-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/23_1_number_of_deputies_to_all.html">"Number of Deputies to All the Previous National People's Congresses in 2005 Statistical Yearbook, source: National Bureau of Statistics of China"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204052241/http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/23_1_number_of_deputies_to_all.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Npc.people.com.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%B0%86%E4%BA%AE%E7%9B%B8%3A%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96+%E6%9E%84%E6%88%90%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpc.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F15017%2F6937517.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXinhua_News_Agency" class="citation web cs1">Xinhua News Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/news/Focus/2013-02/27/content_1759084.htm">"New nat'l legislature sees more diversity"</a>. Npc.gov.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110195252/http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/news/Focus/2013-02/27/content_1759084.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+nat%27l+legislature+sees+more+diversity&rft.pub=Npc.gov.cn&rft.au=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npc.gov.cn%2Fenglishnpc%2Fnews%2FFocus%2F2013-02%2F27%2Fcontent_1759084.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">12th Congress information from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Parliamentary_Union" class="citation web cs1">International Parliamentary Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2065_A.htm">"IPU PARLINE Database: General Information"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305012755/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2065_A.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Big5.huaxia.com. 8 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://big5.huaxia.com/tslj/zjts/2012/03/2773933.html">the original</a> on 12 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chinese+Lawmakers%27+Wallets+Have+Grown+Along+With+Xi%27s+Power&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.aulast=Wee&rft.aufirst=Sui-Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fchina-wealth-rich-parliament.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsytheWeiSanderson2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Forsythe" title="Michael Forsythe">Forsythe, Michael</a>; Wei, Michael; Sanderson, Henry (7 March 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-06/china-s-richer-than-romney-lawmakers-show-xi-s-reform-challenge">"China's Richer-Than-Romney Lawmakers Reveal Reform Challenge"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110231354/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-06/china-s-richer-than-romney-lawmakers-show-xi-s-reform-challenge">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=China%27s+Richer-Than-Romney+Lawmakers+Reveal+Reform+Challenge&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.aulast=Forsythe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wei%2C+Michael&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2013-03-06%2Fchina-s-richer-than-romney-lawmakers-show-xi-s-reform-challenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-03/11/c_742911.htm">"Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>National People's Congress</i>. 11 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111113704/http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-03/11/c_742911.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+People%27s+Congress&rft.atitle=Organic+Law+of+the+National+People%27s+Congress+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn%2F2021-03%2F11%2Fc_742911.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinCheng65–99-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinCheng65–99_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinCheng">Lin & Cheng</a>, p. 65–99.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLinCheng (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npcobserver.com/about-npc/">"FAQs: National People's Congress and Its Standing Committee"</a>. <i>NPC Observer</i>. 4 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103210947/https://npcobserver.com/about-npc/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPC+Observer&rft.atitle=FAQs%3A+National+People%27s+Congress+and+Its+Standing+Committee&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpcobserver.com%2Fabout-npc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinCheng201165–99-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinCheng201165–99_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinCheng2011">Lin & Cheng 2011</a>, p. 65–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETruex201651-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruex201651_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTruex2016">Truex 2016</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/archiveen/27743.htm">"National People's Congress Organizational System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/China_Internet_Information_Center" title="China Internet Information Center">China Internet Information Center</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141116181458/http://www.china.org.cn/english/archiveen/27743.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Internet+Information+Center&rft.atitle=National+People%27s+Congress+Organizational+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Farchiveen%2F27743.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWei2018" class="citation web cs1">Wei, Changhao (15 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npcobserver.com/resources/bilingual-npc-organizational-chart/">"Bilingual NPC Organizational Chart"</a>. <i>NPC Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPC+Observer&rft.atitle=Bilingual+NPC+Organizational+Chart&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Changhao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpcobserver.com%2Fresources%2Fbilingual-npc-organizational-chart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-10/26/c_671008.htm">"Special Committees"</a>. <i>National People's Congress</i>. 26 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103210947/http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-10/26/c_671008.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPC+Observer&rft.atitle=The+NPCSC+Legislative+Affairs+Commission+and+Its+%22Invisible+Legislators%22&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpcobserver.com%2F2018%2F06%2F25%2Fscholarship-highlight-the-npcsc-legislative-affairs-commission-and-its-invisible-legislators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabestan2022" class="citation journal cs1">Cabestan, Jean-Pierre (14 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2FASIEN.2006.99.19647">"More Power to the People's Congresses?"</a>. <i>Asien</i> (99): 42–69 Seiten. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2FASIEN.2006.99.19647">10.11588/ASIEN.2006.99.19647</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asien&rft.atitle=More+Power+to+the+People%27s+Congresses%3F&rft.issue=99&rft.pages=42-69+Seiten&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2FASIEN.2006.99.19647&rft.aulast=Cabestan&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11588%252FASIEN.2006.99.19647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://merics.org/en/report/activating-national-peoples-congress">"Activating The National People's Congress"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Institute_for_China_Studies" title="Mercator Institute for China Studies">Mercator Institute for China Studies</a></i>. 1 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104013819/https://merics.org/en/report/activating-national-peoples-congress">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercator+Institute+for+China+Studies&rft.atitle=Activating+The+National+People%27s+Congress&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmerics.org%2Fen%2Freport%2Factivating-national-peoples-congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+People%27s+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43239646">"China's 'two sessions': Economics, environment and Xi's power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 4 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922001341/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43239646">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_People&#039;s_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_People%27s_Congress" title="Template:National People's Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_People%27s_Congress" title="Template talk:National People's Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National People's Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_People&#039;s_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National People's Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plenary_session" title="Plenary session">Plenary sessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_National_People%27s_Congress" title="1st National People's Congress">1st (1954–1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="2nd National People's Congress">2nd (1959–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_People%27s_Congress" title="3rd National People's Congress">3rd (1964–1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="4th National People's Congress">4th (1975–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="5th National People's Congress">5th (1978–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="6th National People's Congress">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="7th National People's Congress">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="8th National People's Congress">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="9th National People's Congress">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="10th National People's Congress">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="11th National People's Congress">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="12th National People's Congress">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="13th National People's Congress">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_voting_results_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="List of voting results of the National People's Congress">Voting results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing<br />Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi" title="Liu Shaoqi">Liu Shaoqi</a> (1954–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> (1959–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Qingling" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Qingling">Song Qingling</a> (<i>acting</i>, 1976–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> (1978–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a> (1983–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> (1993–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a> (1998–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a> (2003–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a> (2013–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhanshu" title="Li Zhanshu">Li Zhanshu</a> (2018–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice Chairpersons</a><br />(Current)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongming" title="Wang Dongming">Wang Dongming</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jie" title="Xiao Jie">Xiao Jie</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jianbang" title="Zheng Jianbang">Zheng Jianbang</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Zhongli" title="Ding Zhongli">Ding Zhongli</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Mingjin" title="Hao Mingjin">Hao Mingjin</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Dafeng" title="Cai Dafeng">Cai Dafeng</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Wei" title="He Wei">He Wei</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Weihua" title="Wu Weihua">Wu Weihua</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_Ning" title="Tie Ning">Tie Ning</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Qinghua" title="Peng Qinghua">Peng Qinghua</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingwei" title="Zhang Qingwei">Zhang Qingwei</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losang_Jamcan" title="Losang Jamcan">Losang Jamcan</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shohrat_Zakir" title="Shohrat Zakir">Shohrat Zakir</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a> (1954–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ningyi" title="Liu Ningyi">Liu Ningyi</a> (1965–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Pengfei" title="Ji Pengfei">Ji Pengfei</a> (1975–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a> (1979–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a> (1980–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hanbin" title="Wang Hanbin">Wang Hanbin</a> (1983–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhi" title="Cao Zhi">Cao Zhi</a> (1993–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Chunlin" title="He Chunlin">He Chunlin</a> (1998–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_Huaren" title="Sheng Huaren">Sheng Huaren</a> (2003–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jianguo" title="Li Jianguo">Li Jianguo</a> (2008–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(politician)" title="Wang Chen (politician)">Wang Chen</a> (2013–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhenwu" title="Yang Zhenwu">Yang Zhenwu</a> (2018–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of<br />Chairpersons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">1st (1954–1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">2nd (1959–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">3rd (1964–1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">4th (1975–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">5th (1978–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Council_of_Chairpersons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Council of Chairpersons (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="General Office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">General Office</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget Commission (page does not exist)">Budget Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Qualification_Examination_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy Qualification Examination Commission (page does not exist)">Deputy Qualification Examination Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Affairs_Commission" title="Legislative Affairs Commission">Legislative Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_for_the_Basic_Law_for_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee for the Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (page does not exist)">Committee for the Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_for_the_Basic_Law_for_the_Macao_Special_Administrative_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee for the Basic Law for the Macao Special Administrative Region (page does not exist)">Committee for the Basic Law for the Macao Special Administrative Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special<br />Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Law Committee (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Law Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Law Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Law Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Law Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Law Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Law Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Constitution_and_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Constitution and Law Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Constitution_and_Law_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Constitution and Law Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science,<br />Culture and Public Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and<br />Resources Conservation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">1st (1954–1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">2nd (1959–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">4th (1975–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">5th (1978–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Ethnic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Ethnic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Financial and Economic Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">6th (1983–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Social_Development_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Social Development Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Social_Development_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Social Development Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">7th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">8th (1993–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">9th (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">10th (2003–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">11th (2008–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Internal_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">12th (2013–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">13th (2018–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee (page does not exist)">14th (2023–2028)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> for the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">government of China</a> elected by the National People's Congress.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="19px&#124;National_Emblem_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_Central_state_organs_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PRC_State_Organs" title="Template:PRC State Organs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PRC_State_Organs" title="Template talk:PRC State Organs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PRC_State_Organs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PRC State Organs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="19px&#124;National_Emblem_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_Central_state_organs_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Emblem of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="National Emblem of the People's Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/19px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/29px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/38px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Central state organs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div align="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National People's Congress</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Standing Committee</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Province-level_people&#039;s_congresses_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_Local_People%27s_Congresses_of_China" title="Template:Province-level Local People's Congresses of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_Local_People%27s_Congresses_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level Local People's Congresses of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_Local_People%27s_Congresses_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level Local People's Congresses of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Province-level_people&#039;s_congresses_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Province-level people's congresses of China</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>National level: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National People's Congress</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Provincial_People%27s_Congress" title="Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People%27s_Congress" title="Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Beijing Municipal People's Congress">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Chongqing Municipal People's Congress">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Congress">Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_China_navbox" title="Template:Politics of China navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_China_navbox" title="Template talk:Politics of China navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_China_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of China navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">Ideology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Military Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Provincial standing committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National emblem of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="National emblem of the People's Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/52px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/78px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/104px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Central<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of the People's Republic of China">Ministries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Minor parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics of<br /><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">province-level<br />divisions</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">current leaders</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipalities of China">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Beijing" title="Politics of Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chongqing" title="Politics of Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanghai" title="Politics of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tianjin" title="Politics of Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Anhui" title="Politics of Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fujian" title="Politics of Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gansu" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guizhou" title="Politics of Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hainan" title="Politics of Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hebei" title="Politics of Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Heilongjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hunan" title="Politics of Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jiangsu" title="Politics of Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jiangxi" title="Politics of Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jilin" title="Politics of Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liaoning" title="Politics of Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Qinghai" title="Politics of Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shaanxi" title="Politics of Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanxi" title="Politics of Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Zhejiang" title="Politics of Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous<br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Politics of Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ningxia" title="Politics of Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tibet">Tibet</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">leaders</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Claimed province</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the People's Republic of China">Elections</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliament_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliament_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Asia">Parliament of Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_unicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National unicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National unicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_unicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Union_of_the_Comoros" title="Assembly of the Union of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis)" title="National Assembly (Saint Kitts and Nevis)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_National_Council" title="Federal National Council">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Council_of_Afghanistan" title="Leadership Council of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Andorra)" title="General Council (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Angola)" title="National Assembly (Angola)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Benin)" title="National Assembly (Benin)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Botswana)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Botswana)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Brunei" title="Legislative Council of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Burkina_Faso" title="National Assembly of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cape_Verde)" title="National Assembly (Cape Verde)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Central_African_Republic)" title="National Assembly (Central African Republic)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Chad)" title="National Assembly (Chad)">Chad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Costa_Rica" title="Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="National Assembly of People's Power">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Djibouti)" title="National Assembly (Djibouti)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Dominica" title="House of Assembly of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_(East_Timor)" title="National Parliament (East Timor)">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ecuador)" title="National Assembly (Ecuador)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Eritrea)" title="National Assembly (Eritrea)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Fiji" title="Parliament of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Gambia" title="National Assembly of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ghana" title="Parliament of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Guatemala" title="Congress of the Republic of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guinea)" title="National Assembly (Guinea)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Assembly_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guyana)" title="National Assembly (Guyana)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Honduras" title="National Congress of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Kiribati)" title="House of Assembly (Kiribati)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kuwait)" title="National Assembly (Kuwait)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Kyrgyzstan)" title="Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Laos" title="National Assembly of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Luxembourg)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Malawi)" title="National Assembly (Malawi)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Majlis" title="People's Majlis">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mali)" title="National Assembly (Mali)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Legislature of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_Parliament" title="Mauritanian Parliament">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mauritius)" title="National Assembly (Mauritius)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Great_Khural" title="State Great Khural">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Niger)" title="National Assembly (Niger)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Panama)" title="National Assembly (Panama)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Qatar" title="Consultative Assembly of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Samoa" title="Legislative Assembly of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_and_General_Council" title="Grand and General Council">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe)" title="National Assembly (São Tomé and Príncipe)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Senegal)" title="National Assembly (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Seychelles)" title="National Assembly (Seychelles)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Parliament of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parliament of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Syria" title="People's Assembly of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Togo)" title="National Assembly (Togo)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Tonga" title="Legislative Assembly of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Representatives_of_the_People" title="Assembly of the Representatives of the People">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tuvalu" title="Parliament of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda" title="Parliament of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Vanuatu" title="Parliament of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Yemen)" title="House of Representatives (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Zambia" title="National Assembly of Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_%C3%85land" title="Parliament of Åland">Åland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Anguilla)" title="House of Assembly (Anguilla)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Aruba" title="Parliament of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Azores" title="Legislative Assembly of the Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Parliament of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Parliament of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Parliament of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_French_Polynesia" title="Assembly of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Guernsey" title="States of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Madeira" title="Legislative Assembly of Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Macau" title="Legislative Assembly of Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Montserrat" title="Legislative Assembly of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_New_Caledonia" title="Congress of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue_Assembly" title="Niue Assembly">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Council_(Pitcairn)" title="Island Council (Pitcairn)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Council_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Saint_Helena" title="Legislative Council of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Politics of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Council_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Parliament of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago_House_of_Assembly" title="Tobago House of Assembly">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Fono" title="General Fono">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="House of Assembly (Turks and Caicos Islands)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Legislature of the Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Assembly_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_National_Council" title="Sahrawi National Council">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Artsakh)" title="National Assembly (Artsakh)">Artsakh (1991–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Congress_of_the_Confederate_States" title="Provisional Congress of the Confederate States">Confederate States (1861–1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Communist_Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1948–1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Republic)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)">Irish Republic (1919–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Legislative_Assembly" title="Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksraad_(Orange_Free_State)" title="Volksraad (Orange Free State)">Orange Free State (1854–1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Parliament" title="Sicilian Parliament">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Sikkim)" title="State Council (Sikkim)">Sikkim (1953–1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksraad_(South_African_Republic)" title="Volksraad (South African Republic)">South African Republic (1857–1902)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures">National bicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/19px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/29px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/38px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/21px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/42px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19211#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19211#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19211#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168438748">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122982065">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2041878-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81070516">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121360716">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121360716">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00782743">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Čína. 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