CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Michael Ignatieff - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9d3aba9e-28ec-4c3a-b9b3-94965effe075","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Michael_Ignatieff","wgTitle":"Michael Ignatieff","wgCurRevisionId":1259241963,"wgRevisionId":1259241963,"wgArticleId":6391151,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Webarchive template archiveis links","CS1 maint: unfit URL","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Canadian English from January 2023","All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English","Use mdy dates from October 2017","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023", "Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011","Incomplete lists from February 2018","Incomplete lists from July 2018","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","Articles containing French-language text","1947 births","Living people","21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada","Academics of the London School of Economics","Academics of the University of London","Academics of the University of Oxford","Alumni of the University of Oxford","Canadian expatriate academics in the United States","Canadian expatriates in Hungary","20th-century Canadian historians","Canadian legal scholars","Canadian male novelists","Canadian people of Russian descent","Canadian people of Scottish descent","20th-century Canadian philosophers","21st-century Canadian philosophers","Academic staff of Central European University","Fellows of King's College, Cambridge", "Governor General's Award–winning non-fiction writers","Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni","Harvard University faculty","International law scholars","Isaiah Berlin scholars","Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada","Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)","Liberal Party of Canada MPs","Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario","Members of the Order of Canada","Politicians from Toronto","Responsibility to protect","Scholars of nationalism","The New York Review of Books people","Trinity College (Canada) alumni","Academic staff of the University of British Columbia","University of Toronto alumni","Academic staff of the University of Toronto","Upper Canada College alumni","Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs","Canadian Screen Award winning writers","Screenwriters from British Columbia","Screenwriters from Ontario"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Michael_Ignatieff", "wgRelevantArticleId":6391151,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q311684","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/1200px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1747"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/800px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1165"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/640px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="932"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Michael Ignatieff - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Michael_Ignatieff rootpage-Michael_Ignatieff skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Michael+Ignatieff" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Michael+Ignatieff" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Michael+Ignatieff" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Michael+Ignatieff" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_professor,_writer,_broadcaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_professor,_writer,_broadcaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 University professor, writer, broadcaster </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-University_professor,_writer,_broadcaster-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle University professor, writer, broadcaster subsection </button> <ul id="toc-University_professor,_writer,_broadcaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Human rights policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Canadian_academe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Canadian_academe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Return to Canadian academe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Canadian_academe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_politics_academic_career_and_return_to_Harvard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_politics_academic_career_and_return_to_Harvard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Post politics academic career and return to Harvard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_politics_academic_career_and_return_to_Harvard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_and_Rector_of_Central_European_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_and_Rector_of_Central_European_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 President and Rector of Central European University </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_and_Rector_of_Central_European_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Writings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fictional_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Fictional works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historian_and_biographer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historian_and_biographer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Historian and biographer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historian_and_biographer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Canadian studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 International studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership_bid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_bid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Leadership bid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_bid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Montreal_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montreal_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Montreal Convention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montreal_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Deputy leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interim_leadership_of_the_Liberal_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interim_leadership_of_the_Liberal_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Interim leadership of the Liberal Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interim_leadership_of_the_Liberal_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_political_stances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_political_stances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notable political stances </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_political_stances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable political stances subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_political_stances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 International affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extension_of_Canada's_Afghanistan_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extension_of_Canada's_Afghanistan_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Extension of Canada's Afghanistan mission </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extension_of_Canada's_Afghanistan_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Climate change policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forming_of_a_potential_coalition_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forming_of_a_potential_coalition_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Forming of a potential coalition government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forming_of_a_potential_coalition_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Electoral record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 In committee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays_and_reporting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays_and_reporting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Essays and reporting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays_and_reporting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Television reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screenplays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screenplays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Screenplays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screenplays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Drama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michael Ignatieff</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" > 29 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A5%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مايكل إغناتييف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل إغناتييف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Майкл Грант Ігнацьеў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Грант Ігнацьеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Майкл Грант Ігнацьеў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Майкл Грант Ігнацьеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Майкъл Игнатиев – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Игнатиев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81" title="مایکل ایگناتیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل ایگناتیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%82%98%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%90%ED%94%84" title="마이클 이그나티에프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 이그나티에프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A3" title="מייקל איגנטייף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל איגנטייף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مايكل اجناتييف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل اجناتييف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95" title="マイケル・イグナティエフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・イグナティエフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Игнатьев, Майкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Игнатьев, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Ignatieff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்கல் இக்னேட்டியஃவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்கல் இக்னேட்டியஃவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%94%D0%B2" title="Майкл Ігнатьєв – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Ігнатьєв" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%A6%AE%E5%BA%AD" title="葉禮庭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葉禮庭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%A6%AE%E5%BA%AD" title="葉禮庭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葉禮庭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q311684#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Michael_Ignatieff" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Michael_Ignatieff" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Michael_Ignatieff" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&oldid=1259241963" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Michael_Ignatieff&id=1259241963&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Ignatieff">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Ignatieff">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Michael_Ignatieff&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Ignatieff" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Ignatieff" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q311684" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian author, academic and former politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michael Ignatieff</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CM</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria,_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/220px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/330px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg/440px-Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="3287" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Ignatieff in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_and_rectors_of_Central_European_University" title="List of presidents and rectors of Central European University">President and Rector of Central European University</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office September 1, 2016 – July 1, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Shattuck" title="John Shattuck">John Shattuck</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shalini_Randeria" title="Shalini Randeria">Shalini Randeria</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office December 10, 2008 – May 2, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada">Leader of the Liberal Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office December 10, 2008 – May 25, 2011 Acting: December 10, 2008 – May 2, 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke%E2%80%93Lakeshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Etobicoke–Lakeshore">Etobicoke–Lakeshore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 23, 2006 – May 2, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Augustine" title="Jean Augustine">Jean Augustine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trottier" title="Bernard Trottier">Bernard Trottier</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Grant Ignatieff</div> (1947-05-12) May 12, 1947 (age 77) <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Susan Barrowclough</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1977; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1997)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Zsuzsanna Zsohar</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1999)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Ignatyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Ignatyev">Nikolay Ignatyev</a> (great-grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ignatieff" title="Paul Ignatieff">Paul Ignatieff</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Ignatieff" title="George Ignatieff">George Ignatieff</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Ignatieff's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg/128px-Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg/192px-Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg/256px-Michael_Ignatieff_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="26" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelignatieff.ca">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Michael Grant Ignatieff <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪɡˈnætiɛf/</a>; born May 12, 1947) is a Canadian author, academic and former politician who served as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a> from 2008 until 2011. Known for his work as a historian, Ignatieff has held senior academic posts at the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">Toronto</a>. Most recently, he was <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">rector</a> and President of <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a>; he held this position from 2016 until July 2021. While living in the United Kingdom from 1978 to 2000, Ignatieff became well known as a television and radio broadcaster and as an editorial columnist for <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. His documentary series Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a> in 1993, and won a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini Award">Gemini Award</a>. His book of the same name, based on the series, won the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Montador_Award" title="Gordon Montador Award">Gordon Montador Award</a> for Best Canadian Book on Social Issues<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> and the University of Toronto's <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Gelber_Prize" title="Lionel Gelber Prize">Lionel Gelber Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Lionel_Gelber_Prize-2">[2]</a> His memoir, The Russian Album, won Canada's <a href="/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Literary_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General's Literary Award">Governor General's Literary Award</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a>'s Heinemann Prize in 1988. His novel, Scar Tissue, was short-listed for the <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> in 1994. In 2000, he delivered the <a href="/wiki/Massey_Lectures" title="Massey Lectures">Massey Lectures</a>, entitled The Rights Revolution, which was released in print later that year. In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a>, Ignatieff was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Canadian House of Commons">member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Etobicoke—Lakeshore (federal electoral district)">Etobicoke—Lakeshore</a>. The same year, he ran for the <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">leadership of the Liberal Party</a>, ultimately losing to <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a>. He served as the party's deputy leader under Dion. After Dion's resignation in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 election</a>, Ignatieff served as <a href="/wiki/Interim_leader_(Canada)" title="Interim leader (Canada)">interim leader</a> from December 2008 until he was elected leader at the party's <a href="/wiki/2009_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2009 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">May 2009 convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-interim-3">[3]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a>, Ignatieff lost his own seat in the Liberal Party's worst showing in its history. Winning only 34 seats, the party placed a distant third behind the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">NDP</a>, and thus lost its position as the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Ignatieff subsequently resigned as leader of the Liberal Party, and in effect retired from active politics, in May 2011. Following his electoral defeat, Ignatieff taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. In 2013, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> part-time, splitting his time between Harvard and Toronto. On July 1, 2014, he returned to Harvard full-time.<a href="#cite_note-murrow-5">[5]</a> In 2016, he left Harvard to become president and rector of the <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>; he resigned from this position in July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-CEU-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He continues to publish articles and essays on international affairs as well as Canadian politics. In 2024, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Social Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Ignatieff was born on May 12, 1947, in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, the elder son of Russian-born Canadian <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodes Scholar">Rhodes Scholar</a> and diplomat <a href="/wiki/George_Ignatieff" title="George Ignatieff">George Ignatieff</a>, and his Canadian-born wife, Jessie Alison (née Grant). Ignatieff's family moved abroad frequently in his early childhood as his father rose in the diplomatic ranks.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> At the age of 11, in 1959, Ignatieff was sent back to Toronto to attend <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_College" title="Upper Canada College">Upper Canada College</a> as a boarder.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> At UCC, he was elected a <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_College_Board_of_Stewards" title="Upper Canada College Board of Stewards">school prefect</a> as head of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_College_houses#Wedd's" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Canada College houses">Wedd's House</a>, was the captain of the varsity soccer team, and served as editor-in-chief of the school's yearbook.<a href="#cite_note-beingignatieff-12">[12]</a> As well, Ignatieff volunteered for the Liberal Party during the <a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965 federal election</a> by canvassing the York South riding. He resumed his work for the Liberal Party in 1968, as a national youth organizer and delegate for <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>'s leadership campaign. After high school, Ignatieff studied history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>'s <a href="/wiki/University_of_Trinity_College" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Trinity College">Trinity College</a> (B.A., 1969).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13">[13]</a> There, he met fellow student <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>, from <a href="/wiki/University_College,_University_of_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, University of Toronto">University College</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/Debating" class="mw-redirect" title="Debating">debating</a> opponent and fourth-year roommate. After completing his undergraduate degree, Ignatieff took up his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, where he studied under, and was influenced by, the liberal philosopher <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Sir Isaiah Berlin</a>, whom he would later write about. While an undergraduate at the University of Toronto, he was a part-time reporter for <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> in 1964–65.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 1976, Ignatieff completed his Ph.D. in history at Harvard University. He was granted a Cambridge M.A. by incorporation in 1978 on taking up a fellowship at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a> there.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg/220px-Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg/330px-Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg/440px-Ignatieff_with_Kids_Santa_Lakeshore_Parade_2009_12_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>Ignatieff at the Lakeshore Santa Claus Parade, December 5, 2009</figcaption></figure> Ignatieff's paternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Ignatieff" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Ignatieff">Pavel Ignatieff</a>, the Russian minister of education during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and son of Count <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Pavlovich_Ignatyev" title="Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev">Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev</a>, an important Russian statesman and diplomat. His mother's grandfathers were <a href="/wiki/George_Monro_Grant" title="George Monro Grant">George Monro Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Robert_Parkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Robert Parkin">Sir George Robert Parkin</a>, and her younger brother was the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Conservative</a> political philosopher <a href="/wiki/George_Grant_(philosopher)" title="George Grant (philosopher)">George Grant</a> (1918–1988), author of <a href="/wiki/Lament_for_a_Nation" title="Lament for a Nation">Lament for a Nation</a>. His great-aunt <a href="/wiki/Alice_Massey" title="Alice Massey">Alice Parkin Massey</a> was the wife of Canada's first native-born <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Massey" title="Vincent Massey">Vincent Massey</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] His first cousin <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Andrew" title="Caroline Andrew">Caroline Andrew</a> was a political scientist.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> He is also a descendant of <a href="/wiki/William_Lawson_(banker)" title="William Lawson (banker)">William Lawson</a>, the first president of the Bank of Nova Scotia. Ignatieff is married to Hungarian-born Zsuzsanna M. Zsohar<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and has two children, Theo and Sophie, from his first marriage to Londoner Susan Barrowclough.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> He also has a younger brother, Andrew, a community worker who assisted with Ignatieff's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-beingignatieff-12">[12]</a> Although he says he is not religious, Ignatieff was raised <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> and occasionally attends services with family.<a href="#cite_note-Valpy-20">[20]</a> He describes himself as neither an atheist nor a "believer".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_professor,_writer,_broadcaster">University professor, writer, broadcaster</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: University professor, writer, broadcaster">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> Ignatieff was an assistant professor of history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> from 1976 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the United Kingdom, where he held a senior research fellowship at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, until 1984. He then left Cambridge for London, where he began to focus on his career as a writer and journalist. His book The Russian Album documented a history of his family's experiences in nineteenth-century Russia (and subsequent exile), and won the <a href="/wiki/1987_Governor_General%27s_Awards" title="1987 Governor General's Awards">1987 Governor General's Award for Non-Fiction</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a>'s Heinemann Prize in Canada. During this time, he travelled extensively. He also continued to lecture at universities in Europe and North America, and held teaching posts at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> and in France. While living in Britain, Ignatieff became well known as a broadcaster on radio and television. His best-known television work has been Voices on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC 2</a> discussion programme Thinking Aloud and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC 2</a>'s arts programme, <a href="/wiki/The_Late_Show_(BBC2)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Late Show (BBC2)">The Late Show</a>. He was also an editorial columnist for <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> from 1990 to 1993. His documentary series Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a> in 1993, winning a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini Award">Gemini Award</a>. He later adapted this series into a book, Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism, detailing the dangers of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a> in the post-Cold War period. This book won the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Montador_Award" title="Gordon Montador Award">Gordon Montador Award</a> for Best Canadian Book on Social Issues and the University of Toronto's <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Gelber_Prize" title="Lionel Gelber Prize">Lionel Gelber Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Lionel_Gelber_Prize-2">[2]</a> Ignatieff also wrote the novel, Scar Tissue, which was shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> in 1994. In 1998, he was on the first panel of the long-running <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a> discussion series <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(BBC_Radio_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)">In Our Time</a>. Around this time, his 1998 biography of <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> was shortlisted for both the Jewish Quarterly Literary Prize for Non-Fiction and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights_policy">Human rights policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Human rights policy">edit</a>]</div> In 2000, Ignatieff accepted a position as the director of the <a href="/wiki/Carr_Center_for_Human_Rights_Policy" title="Carr Center for Human Rights Policy">Carr Center for Human Rights Policy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Ignatieff's influence on policy continued to grow, helping to prepare the report The Responsibility to Protect for the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Intervention_and_State_Sovereignty" title="International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty">International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty</a> with <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Evans_(politician)" title="Gareth Evans (politician)">Gareth Evans</a>. This report examined the role of international involvement in Kosovo and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, and advocated a framework for 'humanitarian' intervention in future humanitarian crises. He delivered the <a href="/wiki/Massey_Lectures" title="Massey Lectures">Massey Lectures</a> in 2000, entitled The Rights Revolution, which was released in print later that year. He would eventually become a participant and panel leader at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in Geneva. 2001 marked the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in the United States, renewing academic interest in issues of foreign policy and nation building. Ignatieff's text on Western <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">interventionist</a> policies and nation building, Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond, won the Orwell Prize for political non-fiction in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> As a journalist, Ignatieff observed that the United States had established "an <a href="/wiki/Empire_lite" title="Empire lite">empire lite</a>, a global hegemony whose grace notes are free markets, human rights and democracy, enforced by the most awesome military power the world has ever known."<a href="#cite_note-burden-24">[24]</a> This became the subject of his 2003 book Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan, which argued that America had a responsibility to create a "humanitarian empire" through nation-building and, if necessary, military force.<a href="#cite_note-empirelite-25">[25]</a> This would become a frequent topic in his lectures. At the Amnesty 2005 Lecture in Dublin, he offered evidence to show that "we wouldn't have international human rights without the leadership of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Ignatieff's interventionist approach led him to support the <a href="/wiki/2003_Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Invasion of Iraq">2003 Invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_dangerously-27">[27]</a> According to Ignatieff, the United States had a duty to expend itself unseating Iraqi president <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> in the interests of international security and human rights. Ignatieff initially accepted the argument of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> administration that containment through sanctions and threats would not prevent Hussein from selling <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> to <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">international terrorists</a>. Ignatieff wrongly believed that those <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">weapons were still being developed in Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-burden-24">[24]</a> In 2004, he published <a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Evil:_Political_Ethics_in_an_Age_of_Terror" title="The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror">The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror</a>, a philosophical work analyzing human rights in the post-9/11 world. Ignatieff argued that there may be circumstances where <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">indefinite</a> <a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" title="Detention (imprisonment)">detention</a> or coercive <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogations</a> may need to be used on terror suspects to combat terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-McQuaig_2007-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Worldbeaters:_Michael_Ignatieff-29">[29]</a> Democratic institutions would need to evolve to protect human rights, finding a way to keep these necessary evils from offending democracy as much as the evils they are meant to prevent.<a href="#cite_note-lesser_evils-30">[30]</a> The book attracted considerable attention. It was a finalist for the <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Gelber_Prize" title="Lionel Gelber Prize">Lionel Gelber Prize</a>, but also earned him some criticism. In 2005, he was criticized by his peers on the editorial board for the <a href="/wiki/Index_on_Censorship" title="Index on Censorship">Index on Censorship</a>, where human rights advocate Conor Gearty said Ignatieff fell into a category of "hand-wringing, apologetic apologists for human-rights abuses". Ignatieff responded by resigning from the editorial board for the Index,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and has maintained that he supports a complete ban on torture.<a href="#cite_note-Ignatieff-32">[32]</a> By 2005, Ignatieff's writings on human rights and foreign affairs earned him the 37th rank on a list of most influential public intellectuals prepared by Prospect and Foreign Policy magazines.<a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Canadian_academe">Return to Canadian academe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return to Canadian academe">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Political_career">Political career</a></div> Around 2005, Ignatieff became more frequently mentioned as a possible Liberal candidate for the next federal election, and rumours swirled about the beginnings of a <a href="#Political_career">political career</a>. At this time, he left Harvard to become the Chancellor Jackman Professor in Human Rights Policy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and a senior fellow of the university's <a href="/wiki/Munk_Centre_for_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Munk Centre for International Studies">Munk Centre for International Studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> He continued to write about the subject of Iraq, reiterating his support, if not the method in which it was conducted. According to Ignatieff, "what Saddam Hussein had done to the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurds</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Islam">Shia</a>" in Iraq was sufficient justification for the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-canworld-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-asithappens-36">[36]</a> His support for the war began to wane as time passed; he said: "I supported an administration whose intentions I didn't trust, believing that the consequences would repay the gamble. Now I realize that intentions do shape consequences."<a href="#cite_note-living_dangerously-27">[27]</a> He eventually recanted his support for the war entirely. In a 2007 <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">New York Times Magazine</a> article, he wrote: "The unfolding catastrophe in Iraq has condemned the political judgment of a president, but it has also condemned the judgment of many others, myself included, who as commentators supported the invasion." Ignatieff partly interpreted what he now saw as his particular errors of judgment, by presenting them as typical of academics and intellectuals in general, whom he characterized as "generalizing and interpreting particular facts as instances of some big idea". In politics, by contrast, "Specifics matter more than generalities".<a href="#cite_note-RecantingIraqStance-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Moyn" title="Samuel Moyn">Samuel Moyn</a>, Harvard University historian of human rights and humanitarian intervention, asserts that Ignatieff is among those whose who "soiled their reputations" through their defence of the Iraq war, and labelled his later public apology "embarrassingly vacuous."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_politics_academic_career_and_return_to_Harvard">Post politics academic career and return to Harvard</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post politics academic career and return to Harvard">edit</a>]</div> In mid-2011, following his electoral defeat, Ignatieff became a senior resident with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Massey_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Massey College">Massey College</a>, where he taught courses in law and political science for the <a href="/wiki/Munk_School_of_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Munk School of Global Affairs">Munk School of Global Affairs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_School_of_Public_Policy_and_Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Toronto School of Public Policy and Governance">School of Public Policy and Governance</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Toronto Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In January 2013, Ignatieff rejoined the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> and divided his time between Toronto and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The next year, Ignatieff returned to Harvard full-time, and left the University of Toronto, to become Edward R. Murrow Chair of Press, Politics and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School effective July 1, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-murrow-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_and_Rector_of_Central_European_University">President and Rector of Central European University</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: President and Rector of Central European University">edit</a>]</div> On May 5, 2016, it was announced that Michael Ignatieff would succeed <a href="/wiki/John_Shattuck" title="John Shattuck">John Shattuck</a> to become the fifth president and rector of the <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a> (CEU) in <a href="/wiki/Budapest,_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest, Hungary">Budapest, Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IgnatieffRector-41">[41]</a> On September 1, he was appointed the rector with the term ending on August 31, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Ignatieff oversaw a tumultuous period in the university's history, during which it accused the Hungarian government of challenging its legal right to continue to operate in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-Liberal_Hungarian_university_warns_Viktor_Orbán_could_force_it_abroad-43">[43]</a> The position of Ignatieff and CEU was that the intervention from the Hungarian government was part of a wider vendetta on the part of prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> against wealthy financier <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a>, the university's chief benefactor.<a href="#cite_note-Liberal_Hungarian_university_warns_Viktor_Orbán_could_force_it_abroad-43">[43]</a> Ignatieff's personal position was that the strain between the Hungarian government and CEU is part of a wider tension in Europe between democratic ideals and authoritarian tendencies within the European conservative right.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2019, Ignatieff was awarded the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2019/present-defending-democracy/prof-michael-ignatieff">Dan David Prize</a> for his contribution to defending democracy.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> During this time he continued to publish in scholarly journals. An example is The Responsibility to Protect in a Changing World Order: Twenty Years since Its Inception, an August 2021 article of his.<a href="#cite_note-igna21-46">[46]</a> On 31 July 2021 Ignatieff stepped down as rector of CEU to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shalini_Randeria" title="Shalini Randeria">Shalini Randeria</a> and announced he would step back into the classroom as a professor of history at CEU in January, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writings">edit</a>]</div> Ignatieff is a historian, a fiction writer and <a href="/wiki/Public_intellectual" class="mw-redirect" title="Public intellectual">public intellectual</a><a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-33">[33]</a> who has written several books on international relations and nation building. He has written seventeen books,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and has been described by the <a href="/wiki/British_Arts_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="British Arts Council">British Arts Council</a> as "an extraordinarily versatile writer", in both the style and the subjects he writes about.<a href="#cite_note-CW-49">[49]</a> He has contributed articles to publications including <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maclean's Magazine">Maclean's</a> named him among the "Top 10 Canadian Who's Who" in 1997 and one of the "50 Most Influential Canadians Shaping Society" in 2002. In 2003, Maclean's named him Canada's "Sexiest Cerebral Man".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_works">Fictional works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fictional works">edit</a>]</div> His fictional works, Asya, Scar Tissue, and Charlie Johnson in the Flames cover, respectively, the life and travels of a Russian girl, the disintegration of one's mother due to neurological disease, and the haunting memories of a journalist in Kosovo. The works are to some extent autobiographical; for instance, Ignatieff travelled to the Balkans and <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> while working as a journalist, witnessing first hand the consequences of modern ethnic warfare. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historian_and_biographer">Historian and biographer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historian and biographer">edit</a>]</div> A historian by training, he wrote A Just Measure of Pain, a history of prisons during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. His biography of <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> reveals the strong impression the celebrated philosopher made on Ignatieff. Philosophical writings by Ignatieff include The Needs of Strangers and The Rights Revolution. The latter work explores social welfare and community, and shows Berlin's influence on Ignatieff. These tie closely to Ignatieff's political writings on national self-determination and the imperatives of democratic self-government. Ignatieff has also written extensively on international affairs.<a href="#cite_note-CW-49">[49]</a> His historical memoir, The Russian Album, traces his family's life in Russia and their troubles and subsequent emigration as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_studies">Canadian studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canadian studies">edit</a>]</div> In The Rights Revolution, Ignatieff identifies three aspects of Canada's approach to human rights that give the country its distinctive culture: 1) On moral issues, Canadian law is secular and liberal, approximating European standards more closely than American ones; 2) Canadian political culture is <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a>, and Canadians take it for granted that citizens have the right to free health care and public assistance; 3) Canadians place a particular emphasis on group rights, expressed in Quebec's language laws and in treaty agreements that recognize collective aboriginal rights. "Apart from New Zealand, no other country has given such recognition to the idea of group rights", he writes.<a href="#cite_note-rights-51">[51]</a> Ignatieff states that despite its admirable commitment to equality and group rights, Canadian society still places an unjust burden on women and gays and lesbians, and he says it is still difficult for newcomers of non-British or French descent to form an enduring sense of citizenship. He attributes this to the "patch-work quilt of distinctive societies", emphasizing that civic bonds will only be easier when the understanding of Canada as a multinational community is more widely shared. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_studies">International studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International studies">edit</a>]</div> Ignatieff has written extensively on international development, peacekeeping and the international responsibilities of Western nations. Blood and Belonging, a 1993 work, explores the duality of nationalism, from <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. It is the first of a trilogy of books that explore modern conflicts. The Warrior's Honour, published in 1998, deals with ethnically motivated conflicts, including the conflicts in Afghanistan and Rwanda. The final book, Virtual War, describes the problems of modern peacekeeping, with special reference to the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">NATO presence in Kosovo</a>. His 2003 book Empire Lite attracted considerable attention for suggesting that America, the world's last remaining superpower, should create a "humanitarian empire". This book continued his criticism of the limited-risk approach practiced by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in conflicts like the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-empirelite-25">[25]</a> Ignatieff became an advocate for more active involvement and larger scale deployment of land forces by Western nations in future conflicts in the <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing world</a>. Ignatieff was originally a prominent supporter of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Invasion of Iraq">2003 Invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_dangerously-27">[27]</a> However, Ignatieff attempts to distinguish the <a href="/wiki/Empire_lite" title="Empire lite">empire lite</a> approach from <a href="/wiki/Neo-conservativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-conservativism">neo-conservativism</a> because the motives of the <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">foreign engagement</a> he advocates are essentially altruistic rather than self-serving.<a href="#cite_note-empirelite-25">[25]</a> Ignatieff's 2004 book <a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Evil:_Political_Ethics_in_an_Age_of_Terror" title="The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror">The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lesserevilbook-52">[52]</a> argued that Western democracies may have to resort to "<a href="/wiki/Lesser_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser evil">lesser evils</a>" like <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">indefinite</a> <a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" title="Detention (imprisonment)">detention</a> of suspects, coercive <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McQuaig_2007-28">[28]</a> assassinations, and <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive war">pre-emptive wars</a> in order to combat the greater evil of terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-Worldbeaters:_Michael_Ignatieff-29">[29]</a> He states that as a result, societies should strengthen their democratic institutions to keep these necessary evils from becoming as offensive to freedom and democracy as the threats they are meant to prevent.<a href="#cite_note-lesser_evils-30">[30]</a> The 'Lesser Evil' approach has been criticized by some prominent human rights advocates, like <a href="/wiki/Conor_Gearty" title="Conor Gearty">Conor Gearty</a>, for incorporating a problematic form of moral <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> that can be used to legitimize forms of torture.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> But other human rights advocates, like <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>'s Kenneth Roth, have defended Ignatieff, saying his work "cannot fairly be equated with support for torture or 'torture lite'."<a href="#cite_note-Usborne-54">[54]</a> In the context of this "lesser evil" analysis, Ignatieff has discussed whether or not liberal democracies should employ coercive interrogation and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>. Ignatieff has adamantly maintained that he supports a complete ban on torture.<a href="#cite_note-Ignatieff-32">[32]</a> His definition of torture, according to his 2004 Op-ed in The New York Times, does not include "forms of <a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">sleep deprivation</a> that do not result in lasting harm to mental or physical health, together with disinformation and disorientation (like keeping prisoners in hoods)."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, three Liberal organizers, former Liberal candidate <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Apps" title="Alfred Apps">Alfred Apps</a>, Ian Davey (son of Senator <a href="/wiki/Keith_Davey" title="Keith Davey">Keith Davey</a>) and lawyer Daniel Brock, travelled to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, to convince Ignatieff to move back to Canada and run for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, and to consider a possible bid for the Liberal leadership should Paul Martin retire.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Rossi" title="Rocco Rossi">Rocco Rossi</a>, who was at that time a key Liberal Party organizer, had previously mentioned to Davey that Davey's father had said that Ignatieff had "the makings of a prime minister".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In January 2005, as a result of the efforts of Apps, Brock and Davey, press speculation that Ignatieff could be a <a href="/wiki/Star_candidate" title="Star candidate">star candidate</a> for the Liberals in the next election, and possibly a candidate to eventually succeed Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a>, the leader of the governing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>. After months of rumours and several denials, Ignatieff confirmed in November 2005 that he would run for a seat in the House of Commons in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">winter 2006 election</a>. It was announced that Ignatieff would seek the Liberal nomination in the Toronto riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore. Some <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian-Canadian">Ukrainian-Canadian</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/Riding_association" title="Riding association">riding association</a> objected to the nomination, citing a perceived anti-Ukrainian sentiment in Blood and Belonging, where Ignatieff said: "I have reasons to take the Ukraine seriously indeed. But, to be honest, I'm having trouble. Ukrainian independence conjures up images of peasants in embroidered shirts, the nasal whine of ethnic instruments, phony Cossacks in cloaks and boots..."<a href="#cite_note-Usborne-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Critics also questioned his commitment to Canada, pointing out that Ignatieff had lived outside of Canada for more than 30 years and had referred to himself as an American many times. When asked about it by <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Newman" title="Peter C. Newman">Peter Newman</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> interview published on April 6, 2006, Ignatieff said: "Sometimes you want to increase your influence over your audience by appropriating their voice, but it was a mistake. Every single one of the students from 85 countries who took my courses at Harvard knew one thing about me: I was that funny Canadian."<a href="#cite_note-macleans-59">[59]</a> Two other candidates filed for the nomination but were disqualified (one, because he was not a member of the party and the second because he had failed to resign from his position on the <a href="/wiki/Riding_association" title="Riding association">riding association</a> executive). Ignatieff went on to defeat the Conservative candidate by a margin of roughly 5,000 votes to win the <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">seat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_bid">Leadership bid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leadership bid">edit</a>]</div> After the Liberal government was defeated in the January 2006 federal election, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> resigned the party leadership in March that same year. On April 7, 2006, Ignatieff announced his candidacy in the upcoming <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">Liberal leadership race</a>, joining several others who had already declared their candidacy. Ignatieff received <a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election#Michael_Ignatieff" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">several high-profile endorsements</a> of his candidacy. His campaign was headed by <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Paul_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="David Paul Smith">David Smith</a>, who had been a <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a> organizer, along with <a href="/wiki/Ian_Davey" title="Ian Davey">Ian Davey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Brock">Daniel Brock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Apps" title="Alfred Apps">Alfred Apps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lalonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Lalonde">Paul Lalonde</a>, a Toronto lawyer and son of <a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Marc Lalonde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-macleans2-61">[61]</a> An impressive team of policy advisors was assembled, led by Toronto lawyer Brad Davis, and including Brock, fellow lawyers <a href="/wiki/Mark_Sakamoto" title="Mark Sakamoto">Mark Sakamoto</a>, Sachin Aggarwal, Jason Rosychuck, Jon Penney, Nigel Marshman, Alex Mazer, Will Amos, and Alix Dostal, former Ignatieff student Jeff Anders, banker Clint Davis, economists Blair Stransky, Leslie Church and Ellis Westwood, and Liberal operatives Alexis Levine, Marc Gendron, Mike Pal, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dzerowicz" title="Julie Dzerowicz">Julie Dzerowicz</a>, Patrice Ryan, Taylor Owen and Jamie Macdonald.<a href="#cite_note-Ignatieff_Policy-62">[62]</a> Following the selection of delegates in the party's "Super Weekend" exercise on the last weekend of September, Ignatieff gained more support from delegates than other candidates with 30% voting for him. In August 2006, Ignatieff said he was "not losing any sleep" over dozens of civilian deaths caused by Israel's attack on <a href="/wiki/Qana" title="Qana">Qana</a> during its military actions in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Ignatieff recanted those words the following week. Then, on October 11, 2006, Ignatieff described the Qana attack as a war crime (committed by Israel). <a href="/wiki/Susan_Kadis" title="Susan Kadis">Susan Kadis</a>, who had been Ignatieff's campaign co-chair, withdrew her support following the comment. Other Liberal leadership candidates have also criticized Ignatieff's comments.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Ariela Cotler, a Jewish community leader and the wife of prominent Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Irwin Cotler</a>, left the party following Ignatieff's comments.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Ignatieff later qualified his statement, saying "Whether war crimes were committed in the attack on Qana is for international bodies to determine. That doesn't change the fact that Qana was a terrible tragedy."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On October 14, Ignatieff announced that he would visit Israel, to meet with Israeli and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> leaders and "learn first-hand their view of the situation". He noted that <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and Israel's own <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> have stated that war crimes were committed in Qana, describing the suggestion as "a serious matter precisely because Israel has a record of compliance, concern and respect for the laws of war and human rights".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Ignatieff added that he would not meet with Palestinian leaders who did not recognize Israel. However, the Jewish organization sponsoring the trip subsequently cancelled it, because of too much media attention.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montreal_Convention">Montreal Convention</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Montreal Convention">edit</a>]</div> At the leadership convention in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, taking place at <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_congr%C3%A8s_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Palais des congrès de Montréal">Palais des Congrès</a>, Ignatieff entered as the apparent front-runner, having won more delegates to the convention than any other contender. However, polls consistently showed he had weak second-ballot support, and those delegates not already tied to him would be unlikely to support him later. On December 1, 2006, Ignatieff led the leadership candidates on the first ballot, garnering 29% support. The subsequent ballots were cast the following day, and Ignatieff managed a small increase, to 31% on the second ballot, good enough to maintain his lead over <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>, who had attracted 24% support, and <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a>, who garnered 20%. However, due to massive movement towards Dion by delegates who supported <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kennedy" title="Gerard Kennedy">Gerard Kennedy</a>, Ignatieff dropped to second on the third ballot. Shortly before voting for the third ballot was completed, with the realization that there was a Dion–Kennedy pact, Ignatieff campaign co-chair <a href="/wiki/Denis_Coderre" title="Denis Coderre">Denis Coderre</a> made an appeal to Rae to join forces and prevent Dion from winning the Liberal Party leadership (on the basis that Stephane Dion's ardent federalism would alienate Quebecers), but Rae turned down the offer and opted to release his delegates.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> With the help of the Kennedy delegates, Dion jumped up to 37% support on the third ballot, in contrast to Ignatieff's 34% and Rae's 29%. Rae was eliminated and the bulk of his delegates opted to vote for Dion rather than Ignatieff. In the fourth and final round of voting, Ignatieff took 2084 votes and lost the contest to Dion, who won with 2,521 votes.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Ignatieff confirmed that he would run as the Liberal MP for Etobicoke—Lakeshore in the next federal election.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_leadership">Deputy leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Deputy leadership">edit</a>]</div> On December 18, 2006, new Liberal leader <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a> named Ignatieff his deputy leader, in line with Dion's plan to give high-ranking positions to each of his former leadership rivals.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> During three by-elections held on September 18, 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Chronicle-Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Chronicle-Herald">Halifax Chronicle-Herald</a> reported that unidentified Dion supporters were accusing Ignatieff's supporters of undermining by-election efforts, with the goal of showing that Dion could not hold on to the party's Quebec base.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Susan Delacourt of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> described this as a recurring issue in the party with the leadership runner-up.<a href="#cite_note-runner-up-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_National_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Post">The National Post</a> referred to the affair as, "Discreet signs of a mutiny."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Although Ignatieff called Dion to deny the allegations, <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> cited the NDP's widening lead after the article's release, suggested that the report had a negative impact on the Liberals' morale.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The Liberals were defeated in their former stronghold of <a href="/wiki/2007_Outremont_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Outremont by-election">Outremont</a>. Since then, Ignatieff has urged the Liberals to put aside their differences, saying "united we win, divided we lose".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interim_leadership_of_the_Liberal_Party">Interim leadership of the Liberal Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Interim leadership of the Liberal Party">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg/295px-Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg/443px-Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg/590px-Obama_and_Ignatieff_in_Ottawa_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Ignatieff with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in Ottawa on February 19, 2009</figcaption></figure> Dion announced that he would schedule his departure as Liberal leader for the next party convention, after the Liberals lost seats and support in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>. Ignatieff held a news conference on November 13, 2008, to once again announce his candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_parliamentary_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Canadian parliamentary dispute">Liberals reached an accord</a> with the other opposition parties to form a coalition and defeat the government, Ignatieff reluctantly endorsed it. He was reportedly uncomfortable with a coalition with the NDP and support from the Bloc Québécois, and has been described as one of the last Liberals to sign on.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-80">[80]</a> After the announcement to <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Canadian_parliamentary_dispute" title="2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute">prorogue</a> Parliament, delaying the non-confidence motion until January 2009, Dion announced his intention to stay on as leader until the party selected a new one.<a href="#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-80">[80]</a> Leadership contender <a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a> dropped out and threw his support behind Ignatieff. On December 9, the other remaining opponent for the Liberal Party leadership, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>, withdrew from the race, leaving Ignatieff as the presumptive winner.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On December 10, he was formally declared the interim leader in a caucus meeting, and his position was ratified at the May 2009 convention.<a href="#cite_note-interim-3">[3]</a> On February 19, 2009, during U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s election visit to <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> to meet Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, which was the President's first foreign trip since taking office, Obama also met with Ignatieff as per parliamentary protocol where the leader of the opposition meets foreign dignitaries. Their discussion included climate change, Afghanistan and human rights. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Leadership">edit</a>]</div> On May 2, 2009, Ignatieff was officially endorsed as the leader of the Liberal Party by 97% of delegates at the party convention in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The vote was mostly a formality as the other candidates had stepped down. On August 31, 2009, Ignatieff announced that the Liberal Party would withdraw support for the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>. However, the NDP under <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> abstained and the Conservatives survived the confidence motion.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Ignatieff's attempt to force a September 2009 election was reported as a miscalculation, as polls showed that most Canadians did not want another election. Ignatieff's popularity as well as that of the Liberals dropped off considerably immediately afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> On March 25, 2011, Ignatieff introduced a motion of <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">non-confidence</a> against the Harper government to attempt to force a <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">May 2011 federal election</a> after the government was found to be in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Contempt of Parliament">contempt of Parliament</a>, the first such occurrence in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Parliament#Contempt_citation_cases_for_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="Contempt of Parliament">Commonwealth history</a>. The House of Commons passed the motion by 156–145.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The Liberals had considerable momentum when the writ was dropped, and Ignatieff successfully squeezed NDP leader <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> out of media attention, by issuing challenges to Harper for one-on-one debates. In the first couple weeks of the campaign, Ignatieff kept his party in second place in the polls, and his personal ratings exceeded that of Layton for the first time. However opponents frequently criticized Ignatieff's perceived political opportunism, particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Leaders_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders debate">leaders debates</a> when Layton criticized Ignatieff for having a poor attendance record for Commons votes saying "You know, most Canadians, if they don't show up for work, they don't get a promotion". Ignatieff failed to defend himself against these charges, and the debates were said to be a turning point for his party's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Ignatieff was also subject to scathing attack ads by the Conservative Party, slamming him as "Just visiting" Canada and "<a href="/wiki/He_Didn%27t_Come_Back_For_You" title="He Didn't Come Back For You">He Didn't Come Back For You</a>" for the sake of political advancement.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Near the end of the campaign, a late surge in support for Layton and the NDP relegated Ignatieff and the Liberals to third in the polls.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">When Michael Ignatieff resigned as leader of Canada's Liberals at a press conference in Toronto on May 3rd, members of his team were seen at the back of the room in tears.... [It was] the sad end of a six-year experiment that they had once believed would conclude with a unique man, Ignatieff himself, pulling the sword of political governance out of the stone of political theory and coming to power in Canada as a contemporary <a href="/wiki/Philosopher-king" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher-king">philosopher-king</a>.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jordan Michael Smith, <a href="/wiki/World_Affairs" title="World Affairs">World Affairs</a> July/August 2011<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></cite></div></blockquote> On <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">May 2, 2011</a>, Ignatieff's Liberals lost 43 seats only winning 34 and thus slipped to third party status behind the NDP and the Conservatives, who gained a majority in Parliament. It was the worst result in the history of the Liberal Party, the worst result in Canadian history for an incumbent Official Opposition party, and the first time since Confederation the Liberals failed to finish first or second. Ignatieff was defeated by Conservative challenger <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trottier" title="Bernard Trottier">Bernard Trottier</a>, being the first incumbent Leader of the Official Opposition to lose his own seat since <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Charles Tupper</a>'s defeat in Cape Breton in 1900, as well as the first sitting Liberal leader since <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a> lost his riding in the 1945 election. Reports suggested that Ignatieff had initially promised to move into a home inside his riding, but instead he resided in the downtown Toronto neighbourhood of Yorkville, which rankled Etobicoke–Lakeshore residents and reinforced perceptions of Ignatieff's political opportunism.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On May 3, 2011, Ignatieff announced that he would be resigning as leader of the party pending the appointment of an <a href="/wiki/Interim_leader_(Canada)" title="Interim leader (Canada)">interim leader</a>; his resignation went into effect on May 25 when Bob Rae was appointed as Ignatieff's interim replacement.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 2013, Ignatieff published a book about his political career called Fire and Ashes: Success and Failure in Politics. The British reviewer <a href="/wiki/David_Runciman" title="David Runciman">David Runciman</a> commented in a book review, "for a clear-eyed, sharply observed, mordant but ultimately hopeful account of contemporary politics this memoir is hard to beat. After his defeat, a friend tries to comfort him by telling him that at least he'll get a book out of it. Ignatieff reacts with understandable fury. He didn't go into politics and through all that followed just to write a book. Still, it's some book."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_political_stances">Notable political stances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable political stances">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_affairs">International affairs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: International affairs">edit</a>]</div> In October 2006, Ignatieff indicated that he personally would not support ballistic missile defence nor the weaponization of space.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> He referred to the likelihood of America developing a Missile Defense System in his book Virtual War, but did not voice support for Canadian participation in such a scheme.<a href="#cite_note-peacemag-96">[96]</a> On June 3, 2008, and on March 30, 2009, Ignatieff voted in support of non-binding motions in the House of Commons calling on the government to "allow <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscientious objectors">conscientious objectors</a> ... to a war not sanctioned by the United Nations ... [(including <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_Iraq_War_resisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada and Iraq War resisters">Iraq war resisters</a>)] ... to ... remain in Canada ... ."<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> However, on September 29, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_Iraq_War_resisters#Bill_C-440_introduced_in_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada and Iraq War resisters">when those motions were proposed as a binding private member's bill</a> from Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kennedy" title="Gerard Kennedy">Gerard Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a> reported that Ignatieff "walked out during the vote."<a href="#cite_note-outlast-102">[102]</a> The bill then failed to pass this second reading vote by seven votes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extension_of_Canada's_Afghanistan_mission">Extension of Canada's Afghanistan mission</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Extension of Canada's Afghanistan mission">edit</a>]</div> During his time in Parliament, Ignatieff was one of the few opposition members supporting the minority Conservative government's commitment to <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_role_in_the_Afghanistan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada's role in the Afghanistan War">Canadian military activity in Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> called a vote in the House of Commons for May 17, 2006, on extending the Canadian Forces current deployment in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> until February 2009. During the debate, Ignatieff expressed his "unequivocal support for the troops in Afghanistan, for the mission, and also for the renewal of the mission." He argued that the Afghanistan mission tests the success of Canada's shift from "the peacekeeping paradigm to the peace-enforcement paradigm," the latter combining "military, reconstruction and humanitarian efforts together."<a href="#cite_note-vote_divides-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-narrow_vote-105">[105]</a> The opposition Liberal caucus of 102 MPs was divided, with 24 MPs supporting the extension, 66 voting against, and 12 abstentions. Among Liberal leadership candidates, Ignatieff and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a> voted for the extension. Ignatieff led the largest Liberal contingent of votes in favour, with at least five of his caucus supporters voting along with him to extend the mission.<a href="#cite_note-flat_footed-106">[106]</a> The vote was 149–145 for extending the military deployment.<a href="#cite_note-narrow_vote-105">[105]</a> Following the vote, Harper shook Ignatieff's hand.<a href="#cite_note-Harper_shake-107">[107]</a> In a subsequent campaign appearance, Ignatieff reiterated his view of the mission in Afghanistan. He stated: "the thing that Canadians have to understand about Afghanistan is that we are well past the era of <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Pearsonian</a> peacekeeping."<a href="#cite_note-challenges-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change_policy">Climate change policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Climate change policy">edit</a>]</div> In the 2006 Liberal leadership race, Ignatieff advocated for measures to address <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> During the 2008 federal election Dion's key policy plank was his Green Shift plan, a revenue neutral carbon tax which would put a price on greenhouse gas emissions while reducing income taxes.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The Green Shift had been heavily criticized by the Conservatives and it was believed to have been a significant factor in the party's poor showing in the election.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Following the election Ignatieff announced he would not campaign on Dion's Green Shift. In a speech to the Edmonton Chamber of Commerce in February 2009, he said; "You can't win elections if you're adding to the input costs of a farmer putting diesel into his tractor, or you're adding to the input costs of a fisherman putting diesel into his fishing boat, or a trucker transporting goods". He went onto say that; "You've got to work with the grain of Canadians and not against them. I think we learned a lesson in the last election."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In November 2009, he announced that a Liberal government would implement an industrial cap-and-trade system to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">combat climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forming_of_a_potential_coalition_government">Forming of a potential coalition government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Forming of a potential coalition government">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">spring 2011 federal election</a>, Ignatieff clearly ruled out the formation of a coalition government with the NDP and Bloc parties. Contrary to the suggestion from the Conservative party that he was planning to form a government with the other opposition parties, Ignatieff issued a statement on March 26, 2011, stating that "[t]he party that wins the most seats on election day will form the government".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees">edit</a>]</div> Ignatieff had received 11 honorary doctorates as of June 2009 including: <dl><dt>Honorary degrees</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;">Location </th> <th style="width:20%;">Date </th> <th style="width:40%;">School </th> <th style="width:20%;">Degree </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Quebec</td> <td>1995</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_University" title="Bishop's University">Bishop's University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Law" title="Doctor of Civil Law">Doctor of Civil Law</a> (DCL) </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Scotland</td> <td>28 June 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">University of Stirling</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of the University">Doctor of the University</a> (D. Univ)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /> Ontario</td> <td>25 October 2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /> Ontario</td> <td>26 October 2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Ontario" title="University of Western Ontario">University of Western Ontario</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> (D.Litt.)<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /> New Brunswick</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Brunswick" title="University of New Brunswick">University of New Brunswick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> (D.Litt.)<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Quebec</td> <td>17 June 2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> (D.Litt.)<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /> Saskatchewan</td> <td>28 May 2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Regina" title="University of Regina">University of Regina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D)<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658" /> Washington</td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitman_College" title="Whitman College">Whitman College</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D)<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> New York</td> <td>21 May 2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niagara_University" title="Niagara University">Niagara University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Humane_Letters" title="Doctor of Humane Letters">Doctor of Humane Letters</a> (DHL)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Netherlands</td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg University</a></td> <td>Doctorate<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Scotland </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> </td> <td>Doctor of Science in Social Science<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Netherlands </td> <td>25 January 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht University</a> </td> <td>Doctorate<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the Olympics">Great Britain</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </td> <td>Doctorate<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (February 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Electoral record">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Template talk:2011 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Etobicoke—Lakeshore (federal electoral district)">Etobicoke—Lakeshore</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trottier" title="Bernard Trottier">Bernard Trottier</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,997</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+5.48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$78,142.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,128</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.08</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-11.05</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$68,176.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Michael Erickson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,046</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.60</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$19,716.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>David Corail</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,159</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.96</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-3.02</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,090.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Janice Murray</td> <td style="text-align:right;">190</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">54,520</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">$91,715.45 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">243</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.44</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+0.02 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">54,763</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">64.02 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">85,547</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Template talk:2008 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Etobicoke—Lakeshore (federal electoral district)">Etobicoke—Lakeshore</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,536</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$65,816 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyer" title="Patrick Boyer">Patrick Boyer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,793</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.87</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.3</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$86,667 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Liam McHugh-Russell</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,950</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.66</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$20,386 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>David Corail</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,562</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.98</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$946 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Janice Murray</td> <td style="text-align:right;">181</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">51,022</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">$88,903 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">213</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.42 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">51,235 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:2006 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke%E2%80%94Lakeshore_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Etobicoke—Lakeshore (federal electoral district)">Etobicoke—Lakeshore</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,337</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.6</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>John Capobianco</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,613</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Liam McHugh-Russell</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,685</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.6</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Philip Ridge</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,853</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.1</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FF6347; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></td> <td>Cathy Holliday</td> <td style="text-align:right;">186</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Janice Murray</td> <td style="text-align:right;">104</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">55,778</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> 100.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (July 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Novels</dt></dl> <ul><li>Asya, 1991<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>Scar Tissue, 1993<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Johnson_in_the_Flames" title="Charlie Johnson in the Flames">Charlie Johnson in the Flames</a>, 2005<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Non-fiction</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?117773-1/isaiah-berlin-life">Booknotes interview with Michael Ignatieff on Isaiah Berlin: A Life, January 24, 1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?157120-1/virtual-war">Presentation by Ignatieff on Virtual War, May 9, 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?182316-2/the-lesser-evil">Washington Journal interview with Ignatieff on The Lesser Evil, June 17, 2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>A Just Measure of Pain: Penitentiaries in the Industrial Revolution, 1780–1850, 1978<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li>(ed. with <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Hont" title="István Hont">István Hont</a>) Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment, 1983<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li>The Needs of Strangers, 1984<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li>The Russian Album, 1987<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>Blood and Belonging: Journeys Into the New Nationalism, 1994<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>Warrior's Honour: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience, 1997<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>Isaiah Berlin: A Life, 1998<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond, 2000<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>The Rights Revolution, 2000<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li>Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry, 2001<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan, 2003<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Evil:_Political_Ethics_in_an_Age_of_Terror" title="The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror">The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror</a>, 2004<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> (2003 <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Lectures" title="Gifford Lectures">Gifford Lectures</a>)</li> <li>(ed.) American Exceptionalism and Human Rights, 2005<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>True Patriot Love, 2009<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li>Fire and Ashes: Success and Failure in Politics, 2013<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li>The Ordinary Virtues: Moral Order in a Divided World, 2017<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li>On Consolation: Finding Solace in Dark Times, 2021<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_committee">In committee</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In committee">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvansSahnounCôté-HarperHamilton" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Evans_(politician)" title="Gareth Evans (politician)">Evans, Gareth</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Sahnoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Sahnoun (page does not exist)">Sahnoun, Mohamed</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le_C%C3%B4t%C3%A9-Harper" title="Gisèle Côté-Harper">Côté-Harper, Gisèle</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Hamilton, Lee</a>; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ignatieff, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lukin" title="Vladimir Lukin">Lukin, Vladimir</a>; <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Naumann" title="Klaus Naumann">Naumann, Klaus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa, Cyril</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Ramos, Fidel V.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Sommaruga" title="Cornelio Sommaruga">Sommaruga, Cornelio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Stein" title="Eduardo Stein">Stein Barillas, Eduardo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Thakur" title="Ramesh Thakur">Thakur, Ramesh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/responsibility-protect-report-international-commission-intervention-and-state-sovereignty">"The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty"</a>. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved January 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Responsibility+to+Protect%3A+Report+of+the+International+Commission+on+Intervention+and+State+Sovereignty&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft.au=Sahnoun%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=C%C3%B4t%C3%A9-Harper%2C+Gis%C3%A8le&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Lee&rft.au=Ignatieff%2C+Michael&rft.au=Lukin%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Naumann%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Ramaphosa%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Ramos%2C+Fidel+V.&rft.au=Sommaruga%2C+Cornelio&rft.au=Stein+Barillas%2C+Eduardo&rft.au=Thakur%2C+Ramesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idrc.ca%2Fen%2Fbook%2Fresponsibility-protect-report-international-commission-intervention-and-state-sovereignty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays_and_reporting">Essays and reporting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Essays and reporting">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"The Meaning of Diana", <a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a>, October 23, 1997.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>"Intervention and State Failure", Dissent, Winter 2002.</li> <li>"Is the Human Rights Era Ending?", New York Times, February 5, 2002.</li> <li>"Barbarians at the Gates?", The New York Times Book Review, February 18, 2002.</li> <li>"Why Bush Must Send in His Troops", The Guardian, April 19, 2002.</li> <li>"No Exceptions?", Legal Affairs, May/June 2002.</li> <li>"The Rights Stuff", New York Times of Books, June 13, 2002.</li> <li>"Nation Building Lite" (cover story), The New York Times Magazine, July 28, 2002.</li> <li>"The Divided West", The Financial Times, August 31, 2002.</li> <li>"When a Bridge Is Not a Bridge", New York Times Magazine, October 27, 2002.</li> <li>"Mission Impossible?", A Review of A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis, by David Rieff (Simon and Schuster, 2002), The New York Review of Books, December 19, 2002.</li> <li>"American Empire: The Burden" (cover story), The New York Times Magazine, January 5, 2003.</li> <li>"I am Iraq", The New York Times Magazine, March 31, 2003 (Reprinted in The Guardian and The National Post).</li> <li>"A Mess of Intervention. Peacekeeping. Pre-emption. Liberation. Revenge. When should we send in the Troops?" (cover story), The New York Times Magazine, September 7, 2003.</li> <li>"Why America Must Know Its Limits", Financial Times, December 24, 2003.</li> <li>"Arms and the Inspector", Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2004.</li> <li>"The Year of Living Dangerously", The New York Times Magazine, March 14, 2004.</li> <li>"Could We Lose the War on Terror?: Lesser Evils" (cover story), The New York Times Magazine, May 2, 2004.</li> <li>"Mirage in the Desert", The New York Times Magazine, June 27, 2004.</li> <li>"The Terrorist as Auteur", The New York Times Magazine, November 14, 2004.</li> <li>"The Uncommitted", The New York Times Magazine, January 30, 2005.</li> <li>"Who Are Americans to Think That Freedom Is Theirs to Spread?", The New York Times Magazine, June 26, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li>"Iranian Lessons", The New York Times Magazine, July 17, 2005.</li> <li>"The Broken Contract", The New York Times Magazine, September 25, 2005.</li> <li>"What I Would Do If I Were The Prime Minister", Maclean's, September 4, 2006.</li> <li>"Getting Iraq Wrong", The New York Times Magazine, August 5, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_reviews">Television reviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Television reviews">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Program title </th> <th>Director </th> <th class="unsortable">Reviewed in </th> <th>Channel/Platform </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Wormwood </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Errol_Morris" title="Errol Morris">Errol Morris</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff,_Michael2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (February 22, 2018). "Who killed Frank Olson?". The New York Review of Books. 65 (3): 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Who+killed+Frank+Olson%3F&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft.au=Ignatieff%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </td> <td>Netflix </td> <td>6 episodes </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screenplays">Screenplays</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Screenplays">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onegin_(1999_film)" title="Onegin (1999 film)">Onegin</a>, 1999 (with Peter Ettedgui)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_(film)" title="1919 (film)">1919</a>, 1985 (with <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brody" title="Hugh Brody">Hugh Brody</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Drama">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Dialogue in the Dark, 1989 (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Leaders of the Opposition">List of Canadian Leaders of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition (Canada)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> "Ignatieff named non-fiction winner for work examining nationalist issues". <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>, May 19, 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Lionel_Gelber_Prize-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Lionel_Gelber_Prize_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Lionel_Gelber_Prize_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://munkschool.utoronto.ca/gelber/">"The Lionel Gelber Prize"</a>. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lionel+Gelber+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmunkschool.utoronto.ca%2Fgelber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interim-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interim_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interim_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newly-named-liberal-leader-ignatieff-ready-to-form-coalition-1.698452">"Ignatieff named interim Liberal leader"</a>. CBC News. December 10, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216061905/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/12/10/ignatieff-caucus.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+named+interim+Liberal+leader&rft.date=2008-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewly-named-liberal-leader-ignatieff-ready-to-form-coalition-1.698452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2011/2011-03-28-x1/html/si-tr34-eng.html">Proclamation Summoning Parliament to Meet on May 30, 2011</a>. Canada Gazette, March 28, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-murrow-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-murrow_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-murrow_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/education/michael-ignatieff-gets-full-time-harvard-job/article19305712/">"Michael Ignatieff gets full-time Harvard job"</a>. The Globe and Mail. June 24, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff+gets+full-time+Harvard+job&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Feducation%2Fmichael-ignatieff-gets-full-time-harvard-job%2Farticle19305712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEU-6"><a href="#cite_ref-CEU_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceu.edu/article/2021-06-21/shalini-randeria-elected-ceus-6th-rector-and-president">"Shalini Randeria Elected CEU's 6th Rector and President"</a>. Central European University. Retrieved August 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+European+University&rft.atitle=Shalini+Randeria+Elected+CEU%27s+6th+Rector+and+President&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceu.edu%2Farticle%2F2021-06-21%2Fshalini-randeria-elected-ceus-6th-rector-and-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon2016" class="citation news cs1">MacKinnon, Mark (September 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/michael-ignatieffs-journey-from-politician-to-academic-freedom-fighter/article31943341">"Michael Ignatieff's journey from politician to academic freedom fighter"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff%27s+journey+from+politician+to+academic+freedom+fighter&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmichael-ignatieffs-journey-from-politician-to-academic-freedom-fighter%2Farticle31943341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.michaelignatieff.ca/biography/">[1]</a> "Between 2014 and 2016 he was Edward R. Murrow Professor of the Practice of the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School. He is currently the Rector and President of Central European University in Budapest." </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2024-michael-ignatieff.html">"Michael Ignatieff, Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences 2024"</a>. Princess of Asturias Foundation. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Ignatieff%2C+Princess+of+Asturias+Award+for+Social+Sciences+2024&rft.pub=Princess+of+Asturias+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpa.es%2Fen%2Fprincess-of-asturias-awards%2Flaureates%2F2024-michael-ignatieff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzzi2011" class="citation web cs1">Azzi, Stephen (November 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-ignatieff">"Michael Ignatieff"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2011-11-20&rft.aulast=Azzi&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmichael-ignatieff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Ignatieff">"Michael Ignatieff | Biography & Facts | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff+%7C+Biography+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMichael-Ignatieff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-beingignatieff-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beingignatieff_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-beingignatieff_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValpy2006" class="citation news cs1">Valpy, Michael (August 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/being-michael-ignatieff/article4325078/?page=all">"Being Michael Ignatieff"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Being+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2006-08-26&rft.aulast=Valpy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbeing-michael-ignatieff%2Farticle4325078%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danzarella.com/browse.php?u=Oi8vYm9va3MuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9ib29rcz9pZD1ZS2ZScHJ3WERib0MmcGc9UEE2MjkmbHBnPVBBNjMwJmRxPW94Zm9yZCslMjJtaWNoYWVsK2lnbmF0aWVmZiUyMitpbnRpdGxlOndobyZscj0mYXNfZHJyYl9pcz1xJmFzX21pbm1faXM9MCZhc19taW55X2lzPSZhc19tYXhtX2lzPTAmYXNfbWF4eV9pcz0mbnVtPTEwMCZhc19icnI9MA==&b=61">"DanZarElla.com"</a>. www.danzarella.com. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.danzarella.com&rft.atitle=DanZarElla.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danzarella.com%2Fbrowse.php%3Fu%3DOi8vYm9va3MuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9ib29rcz9pZD1ZS2ZScHJ3WERib0MmcGc9UEE2MjkmbHBnPVBBNjMwJmRxPW94Zm9yZCslMjJtaWNoYWVsK2lnbmF0aWVmZiUyMitpbnRpdGxlOndobyZscj0mYXNfZHJyYl9pcz1xJmFzX21pbm1faXM9MCZhc19taW55X2lzPSZhc19tYXhtX2lzPTAmYXNfbWF4eV9pcz0mbnVtPTEwMCZhc19icnI9MA%3D%3D%26b%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulletin.uwaterloo.ca/2001/jan/24we.html">"January 24, 2001"</a>. Bulletin.uwaterloo.ca. January 24, 2001. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=January+24%2C+2001&rft.pub=Bulletin.uwaterloo.ca&rft.date=2001-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulletin.uwaterloo.ca%2F2001%2Fjan%2F24we.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew-Gee2023" class="citation news cs1">Andrew-Gee, Eric (February 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-my-aunt-caroline-andrew-built-bridges-between-english-and-french/">"Opinion: My aunt Caroline Andrew built bridges between English and French Canada"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+My+aunt+Caroline+Andrew+built+bridges+between+English+and+French+Canada&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft.aulast=Andrew-Gee&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle-my-aunt-caroline-andrew-built-bridges-between-english-and-french%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/grant_william_lawson_16E.html">"GRANT, WILLIAM LAWSON"</a>. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved November 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.atitle=GRANT%2C+WILLIAM+LAWSON&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fgrant_william_lawson_16E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2017" class="citation news cs1">Hopper, Tristin (April 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/his-university-under-siege-michael-ignatieff-is-leading-the-charge-against-an-increasingly-autocratic-hungary">"His university under siege, Michael Ignatieff is leading the charge against an increasingly autocratic Hungary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Retrieved April 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=His+university+under+siege%2C+Michael+Ignatieff+is+leading+the+charge+against+an+increasingly+autocratic+Hungary&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Tristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fhis-university-under-siege-michael-ignatieff-is-leading-the-charge-against-an-increasingly-autocratic-hungary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiebel2009" class="citation news cs1">Diebel, Linda (March 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/oh-zsuzsanna-ignatieffs-spouse-tells-their-story/article_bd29b881-7d59-5488-8712-1cc3f3a82f21.html">"Oh! Zsuzsanna: Ignatieff's spouse tells their story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. Toronto, Ontario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404004851/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/oh-zsuzsanna-ignatieffs-spouse-tells-their-story/article_bd29b881-7d59-5488-8712-1cc3f3a82f21.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Oh%21+Zsuzsanna%3A+Ignatieff%27s+spouse+tells+their+story&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Diebel&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Foh-zsuzsanna-ignatieffs-spouse-tells-their-story%2Farticle_bd29b881-7d59-5488-8712-1cc3f3a82f21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelacourt2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Delacourt" title="Susan Delacourt">Delacourt, Susan</a> (July 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/a-rare-glimpse-of-family-from-michael-ignatieff/article_d49b0924-fca8-5039-be70-b55a6e6de525.html">"A rare glimpse of family from Michael Ignatieff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. Barrie, Ontario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404004242/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/a-rare-glimpse-of-family-from-michael-ignatieff/article_d49b0924-fca8-5039-be70-b55a6e6de525.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=A+rare+glimpse+of+family+from+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2010-07-16&rft.aulast=Delacourt&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fa-rare-glimpse-of-family-from-michael-ignatieff%2Farticle_d49b0924-fca8-5039-be70-b55a6e6de525.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valpy-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Valpy_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/michael-valpy-on-michael-ignatieff/article1378481/?page=all">"Michael Valpy on Michael Ignatieff"</a>. The Globe and Mail. August 28, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Michael+Valpy+on+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2006-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-debate%2Fmichael-valpy-on-michael-ignatieff%2Farticle1378481%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615024014/http://www.lactualite.com/20090202_155148_33064">"Ignatieff et la religion | L'actualité"</a>. Lactualite.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lactualite.com/20090202_155148_33064">the original</a> on June 15, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ignatieff+et+la+religion+%26%23124%3B+L%27actualit%C3%A9&rft.pub=Lactualite.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lactualite.com%2F20090202_155148_33064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310084307/http://www.cceia.org/people/data/michael_ignatieff.html">"Michael Ignatieff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Council_for_Ethics_in_International_Affairs" title="Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs">Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cceia.org/people/data/michael_ignatieff.html">the original</a> on March 10, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Ignatieff&rft.pub=Carnegie+Council+for+Ethics+in+International+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cceia.org%2Fpeople%2Fdata%2Fmichael_ignatieff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707223605/http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/the-award/winners-books.aspx?year=277">"Winners: 2001"</a>. The Orwell Prize. theorwellprize.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/the-award/winners-books.aspx?year%3D277">the original</a> on July 7, 2009. Retrieved August 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners%3A+2001&rft.pub=The+Orwell+Prize.+theorwellprize.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theorwellprize.co.uk%2Fthe-award%2Fwinners-books.aspx%3Fyear%253D277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burden-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burden_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-burden_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2003" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (January 5, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E6DA143FF936A35752C0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=The%20Burden%20Ignatieff&st=cse">"The Burden"</a>. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Burden&rft.date=2003-01-05&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B03E6DA143FF936A35752C0A9659C8B63%26scp%3D1%26sq%3DThe%2520Burden%2520Ignatieff%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-empirelite-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-empirelite_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-empirelite_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-empirelite_25-2">c</a> Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan, Minerva, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/program/10935">"Program Information, Amnesty Lecture 2005: Michael Ignatieff at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"</a>. Radio4all.net. January 13, 2005. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Program+Information%2C+Amnesty+Lecture+2005%3A+Michael+Ignatieff+at+Trinity+College+Dublin%2C+Ireland&rft.pub=Radio4all.net&rft.date=2005-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio4all.net%2Findex.php%2Fprogram%2F10935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-living_dangerously-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-living_dangerously_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_dangerously_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_dangerously_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2004" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (March 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/14/magazine/14WWLN.html?ex=1155441600&en=702afeea45f58a4f&ei=5070">"The Year of Living Dangerously"</a>. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Year+of+Living+Dangerously&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F03%2F14%2Fmagazine%2F14WWLN.html%3Fex%3D1155441600%26en%3D702afeea45f58a4f%26ei%3D5070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McQuaig_2007-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McQuaig_2007_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McQuaig_2007_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuaig2007" class="citation news cs1">McQuaig, Linda (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetyee.ca/Books/2007/05/01/McQuaig">"Sidekicks to American Empire"</a>. Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sidekicks+to+American+Empire&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=McQuaig&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetyee.ca%2FBooks%2F2007%2F05%2F01%2FMcQuaig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worldbeaters:_Michael_Ignatieff-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worldbeaters:_Michael_Ignatieff_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worldbeaters:_Michael_Ignatieff_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006210425/http://www.newint.org/issue385/worldbeaters.htm">"Worldbeaters: Michael Ignatieff"</a>. New Internationalist Magazine. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newint.org/issue385/worldbeaters.htm">the original</a> on October 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Worldbeaters%3A+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newint.org%2Fissue385%2Fworldbeaters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lesser_evils-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lesser_evils_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lesser_evils_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2004" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (May 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E6DA1F3AF931A35756C0A9629C8B63&scp=1&sq=lesser%20evils%20Ignatieff&st=cse">"Lesser Evils (Op-Ed)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. Retrieved September 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Lesser+Evils+%28Op-Ed%29&rft.date=2004-05-02&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9507E6DA1F3AF931A35756C0A9629C8B63%26scp%3D1%26sq%3Dlesser%2520evils%2520Ignatieff%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Offman2006" class="citation web cs1">Craig Offman (January 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5204b8d0-88b1-11da-94a6-0000779e2340">"The great bright hope"</a>. Financial Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+great+bright+hope&rft.date=2006-01-20&rft.au=Craig+Offman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5204b8d0-88b1-11da-94a6-0000779e2340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ignatieff-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ignatieff_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ignatieff_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2006" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/iftortureworks">"If torture works..."</a> Prospect. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prospect&rft.atitle=If+torture+works...&rft.date=2006-04&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fiftortureworks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-infoplease.com-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infoplease.com_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-infoplease.com_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/topintellectuals.html">"The Prospect/FP Top 100 Public Intellectuals"</a>. Retrieved August 28, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prospect%2FFP+Top+100+Public+Intellectuals.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Ftopintellectuals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/9/16/ignatieff-to-leave-for-canadian-professorship/">"Ignatieff To Leave For Canadian Professorship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ignatieff+To+Leave+For+Canadian+Professorship&rft.pub=Harvard+Crimson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2005%2F9%2F16%2Fignatieff-to-leave-for-canadian-professorship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-canworld-35"><a href="#cite_ref-canworld_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2006" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (March 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/text-of-ignatieff-speech/article23004198/">"Canada and the World"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canada+and+the+World&rft.date=2006-03-30&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftext-of-ignatieff-speech%2Farticle23004198%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asithappens-36"><a href="#cite_ref-asithappens_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlayBudd,_Barbara2006" class="citation news cs1">Finlay, Mary Lou; Budd, Barbara (April 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222003607/http://www.cbc.ca/radioshows/AS_IT_HAPPENS/20060407.shtml">"As it Happens"</a>. CBC Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/radioshows/AS_IT_HAPPENS/20060407.shtml">the original</a> on February 22, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+it+Happens&rft.date=2006-04-07&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=Mary+Lou&rft.au=Budd%2C+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradioshows%2FAS_IT_HAPPENS%2F20060407.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RecantingIraqStance-37"><a href="#cite_ref-RecantingIraqStance_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2007" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (April 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/magazine/05iraq-t.html?_r=1&ex=1343966400&en=13354304">"Getting Iraq Wrong"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved August 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Getting+Iraq+Wrong&rft.date=2007-04-05&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F05%2Fmagazine%2F05iraq-t.html%3F_r%3D1%26ex%3D1343966400%26en%3D13354304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyn2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Moyn" title="Samuel Moyn">Moyn, Samuel</a> (2014). Human Rights and the Uses of History. New York: Verso. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1781682630" title="Special:BookSources/978-1781682630"><bdi>978-1781682630</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/892893476">892893476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+and+the+Uses+of+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F892893476&rft.isbn=978-1781682630&rft.aulast=Moyn&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/michael-ignatieff-jumps-to-university-of-toronto/article2011390/">"Michael Ignatieff jumps to University of Toronto"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, May 5, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2012" class="citation news cs1">Dunn, Marj (September 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2012/09/07/michael-ignatieff-returns-to-harvard">"Michael Ignatieff returns to Harvard"</a>. Toronto Sun. Retrieved September 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff+returns+to+Harvard&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Marj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2012%2F09%2F07%2Fmichael-ignatieff-returns-to-harvard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IgnatieffRector-41"><a href="#cite_ref-IgnatieffRector_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceu.edu/article/2016-05-05/michael-ignatieff-elected-5th-president-and-rector-ceu">"Michael Ignatieff Elected 5th President and Rector of CEU"</a>. Central European University Newsroom. May 5, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+University+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff+Elected+5th+President+and+Rector+of+CEU&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceu.edu%2Farticle%2F2016-05-05%2Fmichael-ignatieff-elected-5th-president-and-rector-ceu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceu.edu/article/2016-09-02/ignatieff-appointed-rector-ceu">"Ignatieff Appointed Rector of CEU"</a>. Central European University. September 2, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ignatieff+Appointed+Rector+of+CEU&rft.pub=Central+European+University&rft.date=2016-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceu.edu%2Farticle%2F2016-09-02%2Fignatieff-appointed-rector-ceu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liberal_Hungarian_university_warns_Viktor_Orbán_could_force_it_abroad-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liberal_Hungarian_university_warns_Viktor_Orbán_could_force_it_abroad_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liberal_Hungarian_university_warns_Viktor_Orbán_could_force_it_abroad_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/15/central-european-university-ready-to-move-out-of-hungary">"Liberal Hungarian university warns Viktor Orbán could force it abroad"</a>. The Guardian. May 15, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liberal+Hungarian+university+warns+Viktor+Orb%C3%A1n+could+force+it+abroad&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmay%2F15%2Fcentral-european-university-ready-to-move-out-of-hungary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/09/michael-ignatieff-warns-europe-future-viktor-orban-hungary-budapest-university">"Europe's future hangs in balance, says head of a Budapest university"</a>. The Guardian. September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+future+hangs+in+balance%2C+says+head+of+a+Budapest+university&rft.date=2018-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fsep%2F09%2Fmichael-ignatieff-warns-europe-future-viktor-orban-hungary-budapest-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2019">"Laureates 2019"</a>. www.dandavidprize.org. Retrieved October 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dandavidprize.org&rft.atitle=Laureates+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dandavidprize.org%2Flaureates%2F2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-igna21-46"><a href="#cite_ref-igna21_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0892679421000228">"The Responsibility to Protect in a Changing World Order: Twenty Years since Its Inception"</a>. Ethics & International Affairs. 35 (2): 177–180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0892679421000228">10.1017/S0892679421000228</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14018%2F13897">20.500.14018/13897</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237204893">237204893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethics+%26+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Responsibility+to+Protect+in+a+Changing+World+Order%3A+Twenty+Years+since+Its+Inception&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=177-180&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.14018%2F13897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237204893%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0892679421000228&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0892679421000228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceu.edu/article/2021-07-31/message-rector">"Message from the Rector"</a>. www.ceu.edu. Retrieved July 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ceu.edu&rft.atitle=Message+from+the+Rector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceu.edu%2Farticle%2F2021-07-31%2Fmessage-rector&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/michael-ignatieff-has-big-vision-for-canada-1.390371">"Michael Ignatieff has 'big' vision for Canada – CTV News"</a>. Ctv.ca. April 17, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Ignatieff+has+%27big%27+vision+for+Canada+%E2%80%93+CTV+News&rft.pub=Ctv.ca&rft.date=2009-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fmichael-ignatieff-has-big-vision-for-canada-1.390371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CW_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904230300/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth141">"Michael Ignatieff at Contemporary Writers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth141">the original</a> on September 4, 2006. Retrieved August 10, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Ignatieff+at+Contemporary+Writers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contemporarywriters.com%2Fauthors%2F%3Fp%3Dauth141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060722205313/http://liberal.ca/bio_e.aspx?&id=35023">"Liberal.ca Biography of Michael Ignatieff"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberal.ca/bio_e.aspx?&id=35023">the original</a> on July 22, 2006. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberal.ca+Biography+of+Michael+Ignatieff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberal.ca%2Fbio_e.aspx%3F%26id%3D35023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rights-51"><a href="#cite_ref-rights_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2000" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightsrevolution0000igna">The Rights Revolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Anansi_Press" title="House of Anansi Press">House of Anansi Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88784-656-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88784-656-4"><bdi>0-88784-656-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rights+Revolution&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-88784-656-4&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frightsrevolution0000igna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lesserevilbook-52"><a href="#cite_ref-lesserevilbook_52-0">^</a> Princeton University Press, 2004 (2003 <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Lectures" title="Gifford Lectures">Gifford Lectures</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPEVIL&Cover=TRUE">sample chapters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416173331/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPEVIL&Cover=TRUE">Archived</a> April 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGearty2005" class="citation news cs1">Gearty, Conor (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051204024926/http://www.indexonline.org/en/news/articles/2005/1/international-legitimising-torture-with-a-li.shtml">"Legitimising torture – with a little help"</a>. Index on Censorship: Torture – A User's Manual. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexonline.org/en/news/articles/2005/1/international-legitimising-torture-with-a-li.shtml">the original</a> on December 4, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legitimising+torture+%E2%80%93+with+a+little+help&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Gearty&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexonline.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2005%2F1%2Finternational-legitimising-torture-with-a-li.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usborne-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Usborne_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Usborne_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsborne2006" class="citation news cs1">Usborne, David (January 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-ignatieff-under-siege-6111092.html">"Michael Ignatieff: Under siege"</a>. The Independent. London. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff%3A+Under+siege&rft.date=2006-01-21&rft.aulast=Usborne&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fmichael-ignatieff-under-siege-6111092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-55"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2004" class="citation news cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (May 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/02/magazine/lesser-evils.html?pagewanted=all">"Lesser Evils (Op-Ed)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Lesser+Evils+%28Op-Ed%29&rft.date=2004-05-02&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F05%2F02%2Fmagazine%2Flesser-evils.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Global TV News (2008).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://election.globaltv.com/leaders/michaelignatieff.aspx">"Election2008 Key Candidates Michael Ignatieff." Global.Retrieved on: March 17,2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423050631/http://election.globaltv.com/leaders/michaelignatieff.aspx">Archived</a> April 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Geddes, John (September 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quotrainmakersquot-son-backs-ignatieff/">"Rainmaker's" Son Backs Ignatieff."</a> Maclean's. Retrieved May 24, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427165903/http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20051127/ignatieff_election_051127/20051127/?hub=TorontoHome">"Toronto group opposes Ignatieff's election bid"</a>. November 27, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20051127/ignatieff_election_051127/20051127/?hub=TorontoHome">the original</a> on April 27, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toronto+group+opposes+Ignatieff%27s+election+bid&rft.date=2005-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2Fan%2Flocal%2FCTVNews%2F20051127%2Fignatieff_election_051127%2F20051127%2F%3Fhub%3DTorontoHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-macleans-59"><a href="#cite_ref-macleans_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2006" class="citation news cs1">Newman, Peter C. (April 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060415025347/http://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20060410_124769_124769">"Q&A with Liberal leadership contender Michael Ignatieff"</a>. Maclean's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20060410_124769_124769">the original</a> on April 15, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Q%26A+with+Liberal+leadership+contender+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2006-04-06&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Ftopstories%2Fpolitics%2Farticle.jsp%3Fcontent%3D20060410_124769_124769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2006/default.html">"Ovr / Ros"</a>. Elections.ca. Retrieved November 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ovr+%2F+Ros&rft.pub=Elections.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fscripts%2FOVR2006%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-macleans2-61"><a href="#cite_ref-macleans2_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeddes2006" class="citation news cs1">Geddes, John (March 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060415063915/http://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20060403_124360_124360">"Bill Graham's big job"</a>. Maclean's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20060403_124360_124360">the original</a> on April 15, 2006. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Bill+Graham%27s+big+job&rft.date=2006-03-29&rft.aulast=Geddes&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Ftopstories%2Fpolitics%2Farticle.jsp%3Fcontent%3D20060403_124360_124360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ignatieff_Policy-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Ignatieff_Policy_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309084426/http://politiquebec.com/forum/viewtopic.php?&t=20984">"A Liberal Revolution"</a>. National Post. September 26, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politiquebec.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=20984&sid=d9beef2e4b316dd9e935103900d8e2ec">the original</a> on March 9, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=A+Liberal+Revolution&rft.date=2006-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politiquebec.com%2Fforum%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D20984%26sid%3Dd9beef2e4b316dd9e935103900d8e2ec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080620075602/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060810/ignatieff_mideast_060810?s_name=&no_ads=">"Ignatieff admits gaffe over Mideast conflict"</a>. CTV. August 10, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060810/ignatieff_mideast_060810?s_name=&no_ads=">the original</a> on June 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+admits+gaffe+over+Mideast+conflict&rft.date=2006-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2FCTVNews%2F20060810%2Fignatieff_mideast_060810%3Fs_name%3D%26no_ads%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2006" class="citation news cs1">Bryden, Joan (October 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313175041/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=80789bca-0e55-4e09-a027-9766b4deb520&k=3758">"Campaign organizer abandons Ignatieff over war crimes comment"</a>. The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=80789bca-0e55-4e09-a027-9766b4deb520&k=3758">the original</a> on March 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Campaign+organizer+abandons+Ignatieff+over+war+crimes+comment&rft.date=2006-10-12&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fmontrealgazette%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D80789bca-0e55-4e09-a027-9766b4deb520%26k%3D3758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cotler's wife quits Liberals over Ignatieff comments". The Canadian Press. October 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cotler%27s+wife+quits+Liberals+over+Ignatieff+comments&rft.date=2006-10-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Chris Wattie and Allan Woods, "Ignatieff fights back over Mideast", Calgary Herald, October 14, 2006, A13. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Louise Brown, "Ignatieff set to visit Israel", Toronto Star, October 14, 2006, A20. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205095949/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061202/liberal_balloting_061202/20061202?hub=TopStories">"'Gesture' might have helped trigger Dion win"</a>. The Canadian Press. December 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061202/liberal_balloting_061202/20061202?hub=TopStories">the original</a> on December 5, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Gesture%27+might+have+helped+trigger+Dion+win&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2FCTVNews%2F20061202%2Fliberal_balloting_061202%2F20061202%3Fhub%3DTopStories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2006" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Clark (December 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20061202.wlibsfinalballot1202/BNStory/LiberalBackgrounder/home">"Dion surges to victory, defeating Ignatieff"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Dion+surges+to+victory%2C+defeating+Ignatieff&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20061202.wlibsfinalballot1202%2FBNStory%2FLiberalBackgrounder%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC-70"><a href="#cite_ref-CBC_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ignatieff-rae-indicate-they-ll-run-in-next-election-1.624538">"Ignatieff, Rae indicate they'll run in next election"</a>. CBC News. December 4, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff%2C+Rae+indicate+they%27ll+run+in+next+election&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fignatieff-rae-indicate-they-ll-run-in-next-election-1.624538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ignatieff-tapped-as-liberal-deputy-leader-1.584410">"Ignatieff tapped as Liberal deputy leader"</a>. CBC News. December 18, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+tapped+as+Liberal+deputy+leader&rft.date=2006-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fignatieff-tapped-as-liberal-deputy-leader-1.584410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Susan Delacourt (September 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/09/18/liberal_grumbling_began_even_before_crushing_loss.html">"Liberal grumbling began even before crushing loss."</a> the star.com. Retrieved October 6, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-runner-up-73"><a href="#cite_ref-runner-up_73-0">^</a> Susan Delacourt (September 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/Unassigned/article/259218">"The Liberal affliction: Runner-up syndrome."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044741/http://www.thestar.com/Unassigned/article/259218">Archived</a> December 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> the star.com. Retrieved October 6, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Craig Offman (September 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=1d6cea03-674f-463b-a674-3c8afce3c4fc&k=91630">"Discreet signs of a mutiny.'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213175636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=1d6cea03-674f-463b-a674-3c8afce3c4fc&k=91630">Archived</a> February 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The National Post. Retrieved October 6, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaber2007" class="citation news cs1">Taber, Jane (September 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ignatieff-called-to-reassure-dion-offer-help/article1082446/">"Ignatieff called to reassure Dion, offer help"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved May 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+called+to+reassure+Dion%2C+offer+help&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft.aulast=Taber&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fignatieff-called-to-reassure-dion-offer-help%2Farticle1082446%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Canadian Press (September 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=n092813A">"Ignatieff urges Libs to come together, says 'united we win, divided we lose.'"</a> Maclean's. Retrieved October 6, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164430/http://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=n092813A">Archived</a> January 10, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Whittington, Les (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/article/536753">Ignatieff vows a new course</a>, Toronto Star, November 14, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Ivison, John (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/politics/story.html?id=1016916">Ignatieff touted to lead Liberal-NDP coalition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20081204064015/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/politics/story.html?id=1016916">Archived</a> December 4, 2008, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> National Post, December 1, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Gunter, Lorne (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=1090409">Ignatieff is too smart to topple Harper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221051647/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=1090409">Archived</a> December 21, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Edmonton Journal, December 18, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-english.people.com.cn-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-english.people.com.cn_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-english.people.com.cn_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90852/6551205.html">"New Leader of Canada's Liberal Party says ready to form coalition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a>. December 11, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=New+Leader+of+Canada%27s+Liberal+Party+says+ready+to+form+coalition&rft.date=2008-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F90001%2F90777%2F90852%2F6551205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/rae-bows-out-offers-unqualified-support-for-ignatieff-as-liberal-leader-1.732354">"Rae bows out, offers 'unqualified' support for Ignatieff as Liberal leader"</a>. CBC News. December 9, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rae+bows+out%2C+offers+%27unqualified%27+support+for+Ignatieff+as+Liberal+leader&rft.date=2008-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Frae-bows-out-offers-unqualified-support-for-ignatieff-as-liberal-leader-1.732354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ignatieff-slams-harper-for-failure-to-unite-canada-1.775666">"Ignatieff slams Harper for 'failure to unite Canada'"</a>. CBC News. May 2, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+slams+Harper+for+%27failure+to+unite+Canada%27&rft.date=2009-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fignatieff-slams-harper-for-failure-to-unite-canada-1.775666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715175324/http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCATRE58T4BE20091001">"Canada's government survives non-confidence motion"</a>. Reuters. October 1, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCATRE58T4BE20091001">the original</a> on July 15, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+government+survives+non-confidence+motion&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FdomesticNews%2FidCATRE58T4BE20091001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvison2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ivison" title="John Ivison">Ivison, John</a> (November 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-ignatieff-closes-in-on-dio/138491792/">"Ignatieff closes in on Dion territory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Toronto, Ontario. p. A6. Retrieved January 10, 2024 – via newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+closes+in+on+Dion+territory&rft.pages=A6&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.aulast=Ivison&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fnational-post-ignatieff-closes-in-on-dio%2F138491792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThakur2011" class="citation news cs1">Thakur, Ramesh (March 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/canada-watches-its-democracy-erode/story-e6frg6ux-1226030310248">"Canada watches its democracy erode'"</a>. The Australian. Retrieved March 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Canada+watches+its+democracy+erode%27&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft.aulast=Thakur&rft.aufirst=Ramesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fcanada-watches-its-democracy-erode%2Fstory-e6frg6ux-1226030310248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ignatieff-s-liberals-lose-official-opposition-status-1.1055540">"Ignatieff's Liberals lose Official Opposition status"</a>. CBC News. May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ignatieff%27s+Liberals+lose+Official+Opposition+status&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fignatieff-s-liberals-lose-official-opposition-status-1.1055540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parli.ca/just-visiting-2/">"Just visiting"</a>. The Dictionary of Canadian Politics. Parli. 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Politics&rft.atitle=Just+visiting&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparli.ca%2Fjust-visiting-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeehn2011" class="citation web cs1">Keehn, Jeremy (April 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/04/michael-ignatieff-is-he-too-ambitious-to-become-canada-s-prime-minister.html">"Michael Ignatieff: Is he too ambitious to become Canada's prime minister?"</a>. Slate Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=Michael+Ignatieff%3A+Is+he+too+ambitious+to+become+Canada%27s+prime+minister%3F&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.aulast=Keehn&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2011%2F04%2Fmichael-ignatieff-is-he-too-ambitious-to-become-canada-s-prime-minister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2011" class="citation web cs1">Wells, Paul (May 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/authors/paul-wells/politics-turned-over/">"The untold story of the 2011 election: Introduction and Chapter 1"</a>. Maclean's. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=The+untold+story+of+the+2011+election%3A+Introduction+and+Chapter+1&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fauthors%2Fpaul-wells%2Fpolitics-turned-over%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Jordan Michael (July–August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150525063351/http://worldaffairsjournal.org/article/iggy-pops-michael-ignatieff-experiment">"Iggy Pops: The Michael Ignatieff Experiment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Affairs" title="World Affairs">World Affairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Peace_Society" title="American Peace Society">American Peace Society</a>. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Affairs&rft.atitle=Iggy+Pops%3A+The+Michael+Ignatieff+Experiment&rft.date=2011-07%2F2011-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jordan+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldaffairsjournal.org%2Farticle%2Figgy-pops-michael-ignatieff-experiment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosh2011" class="citation web cs1">Cosh, Colby (May 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/the-giant-killer/">"How Bernard Trottier upset Michael Ignatieff"</a>. Maclean's. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=How+Bernard+Trottier+upset+Michael+Ignatieff&rft.date=2011-05-16&rft.aulast=Cosh&rft.aufirst=Colby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fthe-giant-killer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=3106543">Ignatieff resigns as Liberal leader</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142438/http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=3106543">Archived</a> July 22, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Brantford Expositor, May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/breakingnews/liberals-winners-and-losers-attend-goodbye-caucus-after-election-disaster.html">Liberals meet to ponder interim leader, future as Ignatieff says goodbye</a>. Winnipeg Free Press, May 11, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman2013" class="citation news cs1">Runciman, David (November 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/27/michael-ignatieff-fire-ashes-review">"Fire and Ashes: Success and Failure in Politics by Michael Ignatieff – review"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved March 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fire+and+Ashes%3A+Success+and+Failure+in+Politics+by+Michael+Ignatieff+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2013%2Fnov%2F27%2Fmichael-ignatieff-fire-ashes-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2006" class="citation news cs1">O'Neill, Juliet (October 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111249/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/politics/story.html?id=f56c529c-c7c8-4133-8f9f-69be8ed7f3d0&k=65028">"Ignatieff against Canadian role in U.S. missile defence plan"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/politics/story.html?id=f56c529c-c7c8-4133-8f9f-69be8ed7f3d0&k=65028">the original</a> on September 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+against+Canadian+role+in+U.S.+missile+defence+plan&rft.date=2006-10-17&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Df56c529c-c7c8-4133-8f9f-69be8ed7f3d0%26k%3D65028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peacemag-96"><a href="#cite_ref-peacemag_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2000" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Derek (October–December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v16n4p26.htm">"Review: Virtual War"</a>. Peace Magazine. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peace+Magazine&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Virtual+War&rft.date=2000-10%2F2000-12&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peacemagazine.org%2Farchive%2Fv16n4p26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Joanna (June 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/436575">"MPs vote to give asylum to U.S. military deserters"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved July 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=MPs+vote+to+give+asylum+to+U.S.+military+deserters&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2FNews%2FCanada%2Farticle%2F436575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213025638/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=3204056&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2">"Report – Iraq War Resisters / Rapport –Opposants à la guerre en Irak"</a>. House of Commons / Chambre des Communes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/cmte/CommitteePublication.aspx?SourceId=222011">the original</a> on February 13, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+%E2%80%93+Iraq+War+Resisters+%2F+Rapport+%E2%80%93Opposants+%C3%A0+la+guerre+en+Irak&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+%2F+Chambre+des+Communes%2C+Ottawa%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcmte.parl.gc.ca%2Fcmte%2FCommitteePublication.aspx%3FSourceId%3D222011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926040349/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2&DocId=3543213">"Official Report * Table of Contents * Number 104 (Official Version)"</a>. House of Commons / Chambre des Communes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2&DocId=3543213#Int-2506938">the original</a> on September 26, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Report+%2A+Table+of+Contents+%2A+Number+104+%28Official+Version%29&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+%2F+Chambre+des+Communes%2C+Ottawa%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FHousePublications%2FPublication.aspx%3FLanguage%3DE%26Mode%3D1%26Parl%3D39%26Ses%3D2%26DocId%3D3543213%23Int-2506938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2009" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Alex (April 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/article/622278">"Federal court to hear American war resister's appeal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. Retrieved April 23, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Federal+court+to+hear+American+war+resister%27s+appeal&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Farticle%2F622278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126040806/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=40&Ses=2&DocId=3781662">"40th PARLIAMENT, 2nd SESSION, EDITED HANSARD • NUMBER 036, CONTENTS, Monday, March 30, 2009"</a>. parl.gc.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=40&Ses=2&DocId=3781662#OOB-2683958">the original</a> on November 26, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=40th+PARLIAMENT%2C+2nd+SESSION%2C+EDITED+HANSARD+%E2%80%A2+NUMBER+036%2C+CONTENTS%2C+Monday%2C+March+30%2C+2009&rft.pub=parl.gc.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FHousePublications%2FPublication.aspx%3FLanguage%3DE%26Mode%3D1%26Parl%3D40%26Ses%3D2%26DocId%3D3781662%23OOB-2683958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-outlast-102"><a href="#cite_ref-outlast_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Canadian_Press;_republished_online_by_CTV_Television_Network2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>; republished online by <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV Television Network</a> (October 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/outlast-harper-likely-stay-in-canada-chow-tells-war-deserters-1.563775">"Outlast Harper, likely stay in Canada Chow tells war deserters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV Television Network</a> online. Retrieved October 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outlast+Harper%2C+likely+stay+in+Canada+Chow+tells+war+deserters&rft.pub=CTV+Television+Network+online&rft.date=2010-10-16&rft.au=The+Canadian+Press%3B+republished+online+by+CTV+Television+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Foutlast-harper-likely-stay-in-canada-chow-tells-war-deserters-1.563775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?pub=Hansard&doc=25&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1#T1800">"Official Report * Table of Contents * Number 025 (Official Version)"</a>. .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Report+%2A+Table+of+Contents+%2A+Number+025+%28Official+Version%29&rft.pub=.parl.gc.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FHousePublications%2FPublication.aspx%3Fpub%3DHansard%26doc%3D25%26Language%3DE%26Mode%3D1%26Parl%3D39%26Ses%3D1%23T1800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vote_divides-104"><a href="#cite_ref-vote_divides_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2006" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Campbell (May 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/vote-divides-liberal-hawks-from-doves/article18163214/">"Vote divides Liberal hawks from doves"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Vote+divides+Liberal+hawks+from+doves&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fvote-divides-liberal-hawks-from-doves%2Farticle18163214%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-narrow_vote-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-narrow_vote_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrow_vote_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413214217/https://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060517/nato_afghan_060517/20060517?hub=CTVNewsAt11">"MPs narrowly vote to extend Afghanistan mission"</a>. CTV.ca. May 17, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060517/nato_afghan_060517/20060517?hub=CTVNewsAt11">the original</a> on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MPs+narrowly+vote+to+extend+Afghanistan+mission&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2FCTVNews%2F20060517%2Fnato_afghan_060517%2F20060517%3Fhub%3DCTVNewsAt11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-flat_footed-106"><a href="#cite_ref-flat_footed_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanaPersichilli,_AngeloVongdouangchanh2006" class="citation news cs1">Rana, F. Abbas; Persichilli, Angelo; Vongdouangchanh (May 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hilltimes.com/news/2006/05/22/afghanistan-vote-leaves-federal-liberals-flat-footed/16801">"Afghanistan vote leaves federal Liberals flat-footed"</a>. The Hill Times. Retrieved May 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+vote+leaves+federal+Liberals+flat-footed&rft.date=2006-05-22&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=F.+Abbas&rft.au=Persichilli%2C+Angelo&rft.au=Vongdouangchanh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F05%2F22%2Fafghanistan-vote-leaves-federal-liberals-flat-footed%2F16801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper_shake-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Harper_shake_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2006" class="citation news cs1">Bryden, John (May 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827061906/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=07a874aa-4e70-488e-b622-ab611d640a09&k=26718">"Harper may have used Afghan vote to ensare Ignatieff"</a>. National Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=07a874aa-4e70-488e-b622-ab611d640a09&k=26718">the original</a> on August 27, 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Harper+may+have+used+Afghan+vote+to+ensare+Ignatieff&rft.date=2006-05-18&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fnationalpost%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D07a874aa-4e70-488e-b622-ab611d640a09%26k%3D26718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-challenges-108"><a href="#cite_ref-challenges_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubinski2006" class="citation news cs1">Dubinski, Kate (May 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070929090702/http://lfpress.ca/newsstand/News/National/2006/05/20/1589327-sun.html">"Challenges to unity many, Ignatieff says"</a>. The London Free Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lfpress.ca/newsstand/News/National/2006/05/20/1589327-sun.html">the original</a> on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Challenges+to+unity+many%2C+Ignatieff+says&rft.date=2006-05-20&rft.aulast=Dubinski&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flfpress.ca%2Fnewsstand%2FNews%2FNational%2F2006%2F05%2F20%2F1589327-sun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neil,_P.2006" class="citation web cs1">O'Neil, P. (August 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624220456/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=ed009175-7814-44f0-aa99-327a4209a259">"Ignatieff calls for 'carbon tax' to aid climate"</a>. The Vancouver Sun. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=ed009175-7814-44f0-aa99-327a4209a259">the original</a> on June 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+calls+for+%27carbon+tax%27+to+aid+climate&rft.date=2006-08-21&rft.au=O%27Neil%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.canada.com%2Fvancouversun%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Ded009175-7814-44f0-aa99-327a4209a259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiancapitalist.com/dions-green-shift-plan/">"Dion's Green Shift Plan"</a>. Money Sense. July 19, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Money+Sense&rft.atitle=Dion%27s+Green+Shift+Plan&rft.date=2008-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadiancapitalist.com%2Fdions-green-shift-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/dion-to-resign-after-liberals-choose-new-leader-1.703676">"Dion to resign after Liberals choose new leader"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 20, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dion+to+resign+after+Liberals+choose+new+leader&rft.date=2008-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fdion-to-resign-after-liberals-choose-new-leader-1.703676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittington2009" class="citation news cs1">Whittington, Les (February 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/594543">"Dion's carbon tax plan was a vote loser, Ignatieff says"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved August 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Dion%27s+carbon+tax+plan+was+a+vote+loser%2C+Ignatieff+says&rft.date=2009-02-28&rft.aulast=Whittington&rft.aufirst=Les&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2FNews%2FCanada%2Farticle%2F594543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaber2009" class="citation news cs1">Taber, Jane (November 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/liberals-ditch-carbon-tax-in-favour-of-cap-and-trade-climate-policy/article1346212/">"Liberals ditch carbon tax in favour of cap-and-trade climate policy"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved August 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Liberals+ditch+carbon+tax+in+favour+of+cap-and-trade+climate+policy&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Taber&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa-notebook%2Fliberals-ditch-carbon-tax-in-favour-of-cap-and-trade-climate-policy%2Farticle1346212%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaber2011" class="citation news cs1">Taber, Jane (March 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ignatieff-rules-out-coalition/article1958015/">"Ignatieff rules out coalition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. Toronto. Retrieved March 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+rules+out+coalition&rft.date=2011-03-26&rft.aulast=Taber&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fignatieff-rules-out-coalition%2Farticle1958015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittington2011" class="citation news cs1">Whittington, Les (March 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/962267--ignatieff-swears-off-post-election-coalition?bn=1">"Ignatieff swears off post-election coalition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. Retrieved March 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+swears+off+post-election+coalition&rft.date=2011-03-26&rft.aulast=Whittington&rft.aufirst=Les&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F962267--ignatieff-swears-off-post-election-coalition%3Fbn%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903233142/http://www.externalrelations.stir.ac.uk/events/honorary-graduates/1988-1997.php">"Honorary Graduates of The University of Stirling – 1988 to 1997"</a>. University of Stirling. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.externalrelations.stir.ac.uk/events/honorary-graduates/1988-1997.php">the original</a> on September 3, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Graduates+of+The+University+of+Stirling+%E2%80%93+1988+to+1997&rft.pub=University+of+Stirling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.externalrelations.stir.ac.uk%2Fevents%2Fhonorary-graduates%2F1988-1997.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040821024911/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/senate/HDfall01.html">"University Senate"</a>. Queen's University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/senate/HDfall01.html">the original</a> on August 21, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Senate&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queensu.ca%2Fsecretariat%2Fsenate%2FHDfall01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwo.ca/univsec/senate/minutes/2001/r0109hdg.html">"Report of the Honorary Degrees Committee"</a>. University of Western Ontario. September 21, 2001. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Honorary+Degrees+Committee&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Ontario&rft.date=2001-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwo.ca%2Funivsec%2Fsenate%2Fminutes%2F2001%2Fr0109hdg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unb.ca/archives/HonoraryDegrees/results.php?action=browse&name=I&startswith=1">"UNB Honorary Degrees Database"</a>. University of New Brunswick. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNB+Honorary+Degrees+Database&rft.pub=University+of+New+Brunswick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.unb.ca%2Farchives%2FHonoraryDegrees%2Fresults.php%3Faction%3Dbrowse%26name%3DI%26startswith%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=9790">"News: The Oscars of academia?"</a>. Mcgill.ca. Retrieved March 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News%3A+The+Oscars+of+academia%3F&rft.pub=Mcgill.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F%3Fitem_id%3D9790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/34/17/honorary/">"Honorary doctorates"</a>. McGill University. Retrieved March 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+doctorates&rft.pub=McGill+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Freporter%2F34%2F17%2Fhonorary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120918084624/http://www.uregina.ca/news/newsreleases.php?release=323">"University of Regina – External Relations"</a>. Uregina.ca. May 22, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uregina.ca/news/newsreleases.php?release=323">the original</a> on September 18, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Regina+%E2%80%93+External+Relations&rft.pub=Uregina.ca&rft.date=2003-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uregina.ca%2Fnews%2Fnewsreleases.php%3Frelease%3D323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805211835/http://www.whitman.edu/content/commencement/history/honorary">"Honorary Degree Recipients (from present to 1890)"</a>. Whitman.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitman.edu/content/commencement/history/honorary">the original</a> on August 5, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Degree+Recipients+%28from+present+to+1890%29&rft.pub=Whitman.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitman.edu%2Fcontent%2Fcommencement%2Fhistory%2Fhonorary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906085736/http://www.niagara.edu/news/printnews.php?id=1331">"Niagara University"</a>. September 6, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niagara.edu/news/printnews.php?id=1331">the original</a> on September 6, 2006. Retrieved November 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niagara+University&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niagara.edu%2Fnews%2Fprintnews.php%3Fid%3D1331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819010956/https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/about/profile/awards/honorary-doctorates/">"Honorary doctorates Tilburg University"</a>. Tilburg University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/about/profile/awards/honorary-doctorates/">the original</a> on August 19, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tilburg+University&rft.atitle=Honorary+doctorates+Tilburg+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tilburguniversity.edu%2Fabout%2Fprofile%2Fawards%2Fhonorary-doctorates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceu.edu/article/2018-07-03/ignatieff-awarded-honorary-degree-university-edinburgh">"Ignatieff Awarded Honorary Degree by University of Edinburgh | Central European University"</a>. www.ceu.edu. Retrieved September 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ceu.edu&rft.atitle=Ignatieff+Awarded+Honorary+Degree+by+University+of+Edinburgh+%7C+Central+European+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceu.edu%2Farticle%2F2018-07-03%2Fignatieff-awarded-honorary-degree-university-edinburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/news/honorary-laureate-michael-ignatieff-freedom-and-democracy">"Honorary laureate Michael Ignatieff on freedom and democracy - News - Maastricht University"</a>. www.maastrichtuniversity.nl. January 15, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maastrichtuniversity.nl&rft.atitle=Honorary+laureate+Michael+Ignatieff+on+freedom+and+democracy+-+News+-+Maastricht+University&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maastrichtuniversity.nl%2Fnews%2Fhonorary-laureate-michael-ignatieff-freedom-and-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/cambridge-confers-honorary-degrees">"Cambridge confers honorary degrees | University of Cambridge"</a>. www.cam.ac.uk. June 19, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Cambridge+confers+honorary+degrees+%7C+University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2024-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cam.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fcambridge-confers-honorary-degrees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff1992" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-J_JAQAACAAJ">Asya</a>. Penguin Group (Canada). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-015727-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-015727-7"><bdi>978-0-14-015727-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asya&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+%28Canada%29&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-015727-7&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-J_JAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2006" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/502317352">Scar tissue</a>. Toronto: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-305466-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-305466-5"><bdi>978-0-14-305466-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/502317352">502317352</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scar+tissue&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F502317352&rft.isbn=978-0-14-305466-5&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F502317352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2005" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58055613">Charlie Johnson in the flames</a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4182-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4182-8"><bdi>978-0-8021-4182-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58055613">58055613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlie+Johnson+in+the+flames&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58055613&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-4182-8&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F58055613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff1978" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1117173777">A just measure of pain</a>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25808-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25808-8"><bdi>978-0-333-25808-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1117173777">1117173777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+just+measure+of+pain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1117173777&rft.isbn=978-0-333-25808-8&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1117173777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHontIgnatieff1983" class="citation book cs1">Hont, Istvan; Ignatieff, Michael (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9255852">Wealth and virtue: the shaping of political economy in the Scottish enlightenment</a>. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23397-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23397-2"><bdi>978-0-521-23397-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9255852">9255852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wealth+and+virtue%3A+the+shaping+of+political+economy+in+the+Scottish+enlightenment&rft.place=Cambridge+%5BCambridgeshire%5D%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9255852&rft.isbn=978-0-521-23397-2&rft.aulast=Hont&rft.aufirst=Istvan&rft.au=Ignatieff%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F9255852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff1994" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/832316579">The needs of strangers</a>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-943551-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-943551-8"><bdi>978-0-09-943551-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/832316579">832316579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+needs+of+strangers&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F832316579&rft.isbn=978-0-09-943551-8&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F832316579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bac-lac.on.worldcat.org/oclc/15594820?lang=fr&new=-8585794722145608284">Détails sur le document pour The Russian album</a>. Viking. 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670810574" title="Special:BookSources/9780670810574"><bdi>9780670810574</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 27, 2021 – via bac-lac.on.worldcat.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9tails+sur+le+document+pour+The+Russian+album&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780670810574&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbac-lac.on.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F15594820%3Flang%3Dfr%26new%3D-8585794722145608284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff1994" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/838691206">Blood and belonging: journeys into the new nationalism</a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/838691206">838691206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+and+belonging%3A+journeys+into+the+new+nationalism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F838691206&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F838691206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff1999" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/475541923">The warrior's honor: ethnic war and the modern conscience</a>. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-957741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-957741-6"><bdi>978-0-09-957741-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/475541923">475541923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+warrior%27s+honor%3A+ethnic+war+and+the+modern+conscience&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F475541923&rft.isbn=978-0-09-957741-6&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F475541923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.slcpl.org/Search/">"Catalog - The City Library"</a>. catalog.slcpl.org. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.slcpl.org&rft.atitle=Catalog+-+The+City+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.slcpl.org%2FSearch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2000" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43185394">Virtual war: Kosovo and beyond</a>. New York: Henry Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6490-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6490-2"><bdi>978-0-8050-6490-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43185394">43185394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtual+war%3A+Kosovo+and+beyond&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43185394&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6490-2&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F43185394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2007" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/757187371">The rights revolution</a>. Toronto: Anansi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88784-762-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88784-762-2"><bdi>978-0-88784-762-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/757187371">757187371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rights+revolution&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Anansi&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F757187371&rft.isbn=978-0-88784-762-2&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F757187371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieffGutmann2003" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael; Gutmann, Amy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780615893">Human rights as politics and idolatry</a>. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11474-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11474-3"><bdi>978-0-691-11474-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/780615893">780615893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+rights+as+politics+and+idolatry&rft.place=Princeton%3B+Oxford&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F780615893&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11474-3&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Gutmann%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F780615893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2003" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/936501532">Empire lite: nation building in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan</a>. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-945543-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-945543-1"><bdi>978-0-09-945543-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/936501532">936501532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+lite%3A+nation+building+in+Bosnia%2C+Kosovo%2C+Afghanistan&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F936501532&rft.isbn=978-0-09-945543-1&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F936501532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2004" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/314196921">The lesser evil: political ethics in an age of terror; the Gifford lectures</a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1872-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1872-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-1872-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/314196921">314196921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lesser+evil%3A+political+ethics+in+an+age+of+terror%3B+the+Gifford+lectures&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F314196921&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1872-9&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F314196921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2005" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/238647594">American exceptionalism and human rights</a>. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11648-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11648-8"><bdi>978-0-691-11648-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/238647594">238647594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+exceptionalism+and+human+rights&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F238647594&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11648-8&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F238647594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2009" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/318233059">True patriot love: four generations in search of Canada</a>. Toronto: Viking Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-06972-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-06972-9"><bdi>978-0-670-06972-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318233059">318233059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+patriot+love%3A+four+generations+in+search+of+Canada&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Viking+Canada&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318233059&rft.isbn=978-0-670-06972-9&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F318233059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2015" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/833553292">Fire and ashes: success and failure in politics</a>. Random House of Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-81327-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-81327-5"><bdi>978-0-345-81327-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/833553292">833553292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+and+ashes%3A+success+and+failure+in+politics&rft.pub=Random+House+of+Canada&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F833553292&rft.isbn=978-0-345-81327-5&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F833553292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2017" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1055003756">The ordinary virtues: moral order in a divided world</a>. Cambridge [etc.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97627-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97627-6"><bdi>978-0-674-97627-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1055003756">1055003756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ordinary+virtues%3A+moral+order+in+a+divided+world&rft.place=Cambridge+%5Betc.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1055003756&rft.isbn=978-0-674-97627-6&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1055003756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatieff2021" class="citation book cs1">Ignatieff, Michael (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1263264302">On consolation: finding solace in dark times</a>. New York [etc.: Metropolitan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-529-05377-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-529-05377-7"><bdi>978-1-529-05377-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1263264302">1263264302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+consolation%3A+finding+solace+in+dark+times&rft.place=New+York+%5Betc.&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1263264302&rft.isbn=978-1-529-05377-7&rft.aulast=Ignatieff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1263264302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/themeaningofdiana">The Meaning of Diana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a>, October 23, 1997. A review of Diana Spencer. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503015527/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/magazine/05iraq-t.html">"Iraq – Washington – Military Forces – Politics and Government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 3, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/magazine/05iraq-t.html">the original</a> on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iraq+%E2%80%93+Washington+%E2%80%93+Military+Forces+%E2%80%93+Politics+and+Government&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F05%2Fmagazine%2F05iraq-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305223117/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/01/magazine/cia-what-did-the-cia-do-to-his-father.html">"C.I.A.; What Did the C.I.A. Do to His Father?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 5, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/01/magazine/cia-what-did-the-cia-do-to-his-father.html">the original</a> on March 5, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C.I.A.%3B+What+Did+the+C.I.A.+Do+to+His+Father%3F&rft.date=2018-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F04%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fcia-what-did-the-cia-do-to-his-father.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509205810/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/magazine/democratic-providentialism.html">"Democratic Providentialism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 9, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/magazine/democratic-providentialism.html">the original</a> on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Democratic+Providentialism&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F12%2Fmagazine%2Fdemocratic-providentialism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505211106/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/06/magazine/the-reluctant-imperialist.html">"The Reluctant Imperialist"</a>. The New York Times. May 5, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com:80/2000/08/06/magazine/the-reluctant-imperialist.html">the original</a> on May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Reluctant+Imperialist&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%3A80%2F2000%2F08%2F06%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-reluctant-imperialist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814220700/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07FOB-wwln-t.html">"Winter Wonder Brand"</a>. The New York Times. August 14, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com:80/2010/02/07/magazine/07FOB-wwln-t.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Winter+Wonder+Brand&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%3A80%2F2010%2F02%2F07%2Fmagazine%2F07FOB-wwln-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819010223/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/27/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-6-27-04-mirage-in-the-desert.html">"THE WAY WE LIVE NOW: 6-27-04; Mirage in The Desert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 19, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/27/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-6-27-04-mirage-in-the-desert.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+WAY+WE+LIVE+NOW%3A+6-27-04%3B+Mirage+in+The+Desert&rft.date=2016-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F06%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-way-we-live-now-6-27-04-mirage-in-the-desert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004933/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/14/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-3-14-04-the-year-of-living-dangerously.html">"THE WAY WE LIVE NOW: 3-14-04; The Year of Living Dangerously"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 19, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/14/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-3-14-04-the-year-of-living-dangerously.html">the original</a> on October 19, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+WAY+WE+LIVE+NOW%3A+3-14-04%3B+The+Year+of+Living+Dangerously&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F03%2F14%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-way-we-live-now-3-14-04-the-year-of-living-dangerously.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228185741/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/23/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-3-23-03-i-am-iraq.html">"THE WAY WE LIVE NOW: 3-23-03; I Am Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. December 28, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/23/magazine/the-way-we-live-now-3-23-03-i-am-iraq.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+WAY+WE+LIVE+NOW%3A+3-23-03%3B+I+Am+Iraq&rft.date=2017-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F03%2F23%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-way-we-live-now-3-23-03-i-am-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-158"><a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004815/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/26/magazine/who-are-americans-to-think-that-freedom-is-theirs-to-spread.html">"Who Are Americans to Think That Freedom Is Theirs to Spread?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 19, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/26/magazine/who-are-americans-to-think-that-freedom-is-theirs-to-spread.html">the original</a> on October 19, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Are+Americans+to+Think+That+Freedom+Is+Theirs+to+Spread%3F&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F26%2Fmagazine%2Fwho-are-americans-to-think-that-freedom-is-theirs-to-spread.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320033100/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/27/magazine/when-a-bridge-is-not-a-bridge.html">"When A Bridge Is Not A Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. March 20, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com:80/2002/10/27/magazine/when-a-bridge-is-not-a-bridge.html">the original</a> on March 20, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+A+Bridge+Is+Not+A+Bridge&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%3A80%2F2002%2F10%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fwhen-a-bridge-is-not-a-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018134329/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/02/magazine/lesser-evils.html">"Lesser Evils"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 18, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/02/magazine/lesser-evils.html">the original</a> on October 18, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lesser+Evils&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F05%2F02%2Fmagazine%2Flesser-evils.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151115093003/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/magazine/the-broken-contract.html">"The Broken Contract"</a>. The New York Times. November 15, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com:80/2005/09/25/magazine/the-broken-contract.html">the original</a> on November 15, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Broken+Contract&rft.date=2015-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%3A80%2F2005%2F09%2F25%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-broken-contract.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509211804/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/17/magazine/iranian-lessons.html?_r=0">"Iranian Lessons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 9, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/17/magazine/iranian-lessons.html?_r=0">the original</a> on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iranian+Lessons&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F07%2F17%2Fmagazine%2Firanian-lessons.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229015336/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/05/magazine/the-american-empire-the-burden.html">"THE AMERICAN EMPIRE; The Burden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. December 29, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/05/magazine/the-american-empire-the-burden.html">the original</a> on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+AMERICAN+EMPIRE%3B+The+Burden&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F01%2F05%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-american-empire-the-burden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227062110/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/07/magazine/why-are-we-in-iraq-and-liberia-and-afghanistan.html">"Why Are We In Iraq?; (And Liberia? And Afghanistan?)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. December 27, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/07/magazine/why-are-we-in-iraq-and-liberia-and-afghanistan.html">the original</a> on December 27, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Are+We+In+Iraq%3F%3B+%28And+Liberia%3F+And+Afghanistan%3F%29&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F07%2Fmagazine%2Fwhy-are-we-in-iraq-and-liberia-and-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509212421/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/magazine/nation-building-lite.html">"Nation-Building Lite"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 9, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/magazine/nation-building-lite.html">the original</a> on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nation-Building+Lite&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F28%2Fmagazine%2Fnation-building-lite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Ignatieff" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/19/israel3">Why Bush must send in his troops</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, April 19, 2002. On why Ignatieff believes a two-state solution is the last chance for Middle East peace. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E6DA143FF936A35752C0A9659C8B63&scp=1&sq=The%20Burden%20Ignatieff&st=cse">The Burden</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, January 5, 2003. Written just prior to the Iraq war, this article explains his support for the invasion. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E1D6173EF937A25750C0A9629C8B63">"The Year of Living Dangerously"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, March 14, 2004. A follow-up to The Burden, discussing the war. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E6DA1F3AF931A35756C0A9629C8B63&scp=1&sq=lesser%20evils%20Ignatieff&st=cse">"Lesser Evils"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, May 2, 2004, An article on finding the balance between civil liberties and security. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v5/content/subscribe?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FLAC.20050304.COIGNAT04%2FTPStory%2F%3Fquery%3DA%2BGenerous%2BHelping%2Bof%2BLiberal%2BBrains%2BIgnatieff&ord=122489278&brand=theglobeandmail&redirect_reason=2&denial_reasons=none&force_login=false">"A Generous Helping of Liberal Brains"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, March 4, 2005 (subscription). An excerpt from his address to the biennial policy conference of the Liberal Party. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/26/magazine/26EXCEPTION.html?scp=1&sq=Are%20Americans%20to%20Think%20That%20Freedom%20Is%20Theirs%20to%20Spread?%20Ignatieff&st=cse">Who Are Americans to Think That Freedom Is Theirs to Spread? </a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, June 26, 2005. Ignatieff on Spreading Democracy </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/magazine/05iraq-t.html">"Getting Iraq Wrong"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, August 5, 2007. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Michael Ignatieff at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Ignatieff" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Michael Ignatieff">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Ignatieff" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Michael Ignatieff">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" class="extiw" title="q:Michael Ignatieff">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311684" class="extiw" title="d:Q311684">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelignatieff.ca/">Michael Ignatieff Homepage</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=4927">Michael Ignatieff – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904230300/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth141">Michael Ignatieff Biography</a> from contemporarywriters.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0407199/">Michael Ignatieff</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228110103/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/michael-ignatieff/">"Michael Grant Ignatieff"</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?57927">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_Party_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Template:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal Party of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_Party_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Liberal_Association" title="New Brunswick Liberal Association">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Liberal_Party" title="Prince Edward Island Liberal Party">Prince Edward Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Liberal_Party" title="Alberta Liberal Party">Alberta</a> (1905–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_United" title="BC United">British Columbia</a> (1903–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Manitoba</a> (1870–WW1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories_Liberal_Party" title="North-West Territories Liberal Party">North-West Territories</a> (1898–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Ontario</a> (1867–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec</a> (1867–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Saskatchewan</a> (1905–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Liberal_Party" title="Yukon Liberal Party">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/50px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/75px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg/100px-Maple_leaf_--_Liberal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Brown (Canadian politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Duncan_McKenzie" title="Daniel Duncan McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">P. E. Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">J. Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Copps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_elections" title="Liberal Party of Canada leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1948 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1968</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/1980_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1980 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1980</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1984 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2009 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Ministry" title="2nd Canadian Ministry">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Canadian_Ministry" title="8th Canadian Ministry">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Canadian_Ministry" title="12th Canadian Ministry">King I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Canadian_Ministry" title="14th Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Canadian_Ministry" title="16th Canadian Ministry">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Canadian_Ministry" title="17th Canadian Ministry">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Canadian_Ministry" title="19th Canadian Ministry">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Ministry" title="20th Canadian Ministry">P. E. Trudeau I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Canadian_Ministry" title="22nd Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Canadian_Ministry" title="23rd Canadian Ministry">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Canadian_Ministry" title="26th Canadian Ministry">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Canadian_Ministry" title="27th Canadian Ministry">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">J. Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Graham/Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">Dion/Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Rae/Trudeau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary election candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1867_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1867 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1878_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1878 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1887_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1887 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1891_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1891 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1896_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1896 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1900_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1900 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1904_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1904 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1908_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1908 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1911_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1911 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1917_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1917 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1921_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1921 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1925_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1925 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1926_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1926 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1930_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1930 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1935_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1935 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1949_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1949 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1957_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1957 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1958_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1958 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1962_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1962 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1963_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1963 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1965_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1965 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1972_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1972 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Liberal Party of Canada">Predecessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Liberal Party of Canada">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Grits" title="Clear Grits">Clear Grits</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1850–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_canadien_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Institut canadien de Montréal">Institut canadien de Montréal</a> (1844–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_canadien" title="Parti canadien">Parti canadien</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1800–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_rouge" title="Parti rouge">Parti rouge</a> (1848–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement_(pre-Confederation_Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement (pre-Confederation Canada)">Reformers</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1830–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_parties_in_pre-confederation_Newfoundland" title="Liberal parties in pre-confederation Newfoundland">in Newfoundland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Protectionist" title="Liberal Protectionist">Liberal Protectionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Progressive" title="Liberal-Progressive">Liberal-Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Labour_(Canada)" title="Liberal–Labour (Canada)">Liberal–Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Liberals" title="Laurier Liberals">Laurier Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Unionist" title="Liberal–Unionist">Liberal–Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Progressive" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberal Progressive">National Liberal Progressive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2011_Canadian_federal_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2011A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 2011A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_2011A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 2011A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2011A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 2011A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011_Canadian_federal_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_Parliament" title="40th Canadian Parliament">Conservative minority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">Conservative majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Alliance_Environment_Voters_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada">Animal Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liz_White_(animal_rights)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liz White (animal rights)">Liz White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_Alliance_Environment_Voters_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jim_Hnatiuk" title="Jim Hnatiuk">James Hnatiuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miguel_Figueroa" title="Miguel Figueroa">Miguel Figueroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Communist Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Independent candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">Independent candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a> (Dennis Young, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Libertarian Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a> (Anna Di Carlo, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gourd" title="François Gourd">François Gourd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinoceros Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">candidates</a>)</li></ul> Bold indicates parties with members elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>. </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2011 Canadian federal election">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2011 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2011 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2011 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_marginal_seats_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of marginal seats in the 2011 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Marginal seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2011 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election,_by_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election, by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Controversies in the 2011 Canadian federal election">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Timeline of the 2011 Canadian federal election">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Official_Opposition_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_opposition_leaders" title="Template:Canadian federal opposition leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_opposition_leaders" title="Template talk:Canadian federal opposition leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_opposition_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal opposition leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Official_Opposition_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Duncan_McKenzie" title="Daniel Duncan McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Graydon" title="Gordon Graydon">Graydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Starr_(politician)" title="Michael Starr (politician)">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Gauthier" title="Michel Gauthier">Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Grey" title="Deborah Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Canadian politician)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Hill_(politician)" title="Grant Hill (politician)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nycole_Turmel" title="Nycole Turmel">Turmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winners_of_the_Governor_General&#039;s_Award_for_English-language_non-fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governor_General%27s_English_non-fiction" title="Template:Governor General's English non-fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governor_General%27s_English_non-fiction" title="Template talk:Governor General's English non-fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governor_General%27s_English_non-fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governor General's English non-fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Governor_General&#039;s_Award_for_English-language_non-fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Award_for_English-language_non-fiction" title="Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction">Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beattie_Roberton" title="Thomas Beattie Roberton">Thomas Beattie Roberton</a>, TBR: Newspaper Pieces (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Leacock" title="Stephen Leacock">Stephen Leacock</a>, My Discovery of the West (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_Gibbon" title="John Murray Gibbon">John Murray Gibbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Mosaic" title="Canadian Mosaic">Canadian Mosaic</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Salverson" title="Laura Salverson">Laura Salverson</a>, Confessions of an Immigrant's Daughter (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Wright" title="J. F. C. Wright">J. F. C. Wright</a>, Slava Bohu (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Carr" title="Emily Carr">Emily Carr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klee_Wyck" title="Klee Wyck">Klee Wyck</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hutchison" title="Bruce Hutchison">Bruce Hutchison</a>, The Unknown Country (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_McInnis" title="Edgar McInnis">Edgar McInnis</a>, The Unguarded Frontier (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._K._Brown" title="E. K. Brown">E. K. Brown</a>, On Canadian Poetry (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robins_(writer)" title="John Robins (writer)">John Robins</a>, The Incomplete Anglers (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Duncan" title="Dorothy Duncan">Dorothy Duncan</a>, Partner in Three Worlds (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_McInnis" title="Edgar McInnis">Edgar McInnis</a>, The War: Fourth Year (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Munro_(journalist)" title="Ross Munro (journalist)">Ross Munro</a>, Gauntlet to Overlord (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Richardson" title="Evelyn M. Richardson">Evelyn M. Richardson</a>, We Keep a Light (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Phillip_Grove" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Phillip Grove">Frederick Phillip Grove</a>, In Search of Myself (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_R._M._Lower" title="Arthur R. M. Lower">Arthur R. M. Lower</a>, Colony to Nation (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sclater_(writer)" title="William Sclater (writer)">William Sclater</a>, Haida (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_MacGregor_Dawson" title="Robert MacGregor Dawson">Robert MacGregor Dawson</a>, The Government of Canada (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Head_Raddall" title="Thomas Head Raddall">Thomas Head Raddall</a>, Halifax, Warden of the North (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Stacey" class="mw-redirect" title="C. P. Stacey">C. P. Stacey</a>, The Canadian Army, 1939-1945 (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>, Cross-country (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_MacGregor_Dawson" title="Robert MacGregor Dawson">Robert MacGregor Dawson</a>, Democratic Government in Canada (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Wilkins_Campbell" title="Marjorie Wilkins Campbell">Marjorie Wilkins Campbell</a>, The Saskatchewan (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._L._Morton" title="W. L. Morton">W. L. Morton</a>, The Progressive Party in Canada (1950)</li> <li>Frank MacKinnon, The Progressive Party in Canada (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Phelan" title="Josephine Phelan">Josephine Phelan</a>, The Ardent Exile (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_G._Creighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald G. Creighton">Donald G. Creighton</a>, John A. Macdonald, The Young Politician (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hutchison" title="Bruce Hutchison">Bruce Hutchison</a>, The Incredible Canadian (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._S._Careless" title="J. M. S. Careless">J. M. S. Careless</a>, Canada, A Story of Challenge (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._J._Berrill" title="N. J. Berrill">N. J. Berrill</a>, Sex and the Nature of Things (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>, Thirty and Three (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_R._M._Lower" title="Arthur R. M. Lower">Arthur R. M. Lower</a>, This Most Famous Stream (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._J._Berrill" title="N. J. Berrill">N. J. Berrill</a>, Man's Emerging Mind (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_G._Creighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald G. Creighton">Donald G. Creighton</a>, John A. Macdonald, The Old Chieftain (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berton" title="Pierre Berton">Pierre Berton</a>, The Mysterious North (1956)</li> <li>Joseph Lister Rutledge, Century of Conflict (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Raddall" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas H. Raddall">Thomas H. Raddall</a>, The Path of Destiny (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hutchison" title="Bruce Hutchison">Bruce Hutchison</a>, Canada: Tomorrow's Giant (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berton" title="Pierre Berton">Pierre Berton</a>, Klondike (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Hemlow" title="Joyce Hemlow">Joyce Hemlow</a>, The History of Fanny Burney (1958)</li> <li>[No award] (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Underhill" title="Frank Underhill">Frank Underhill</a>, In Search of Canadian Liberalism (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Goudge" title="T. A. Goudge">T. A. Goudge</a>, The Ascent of Life (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</a>, The Gutenberg Galaxy (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.M.S._Careless" class="mw-redirect" title="J.M.S. Careless">J.M.S. Careless</a>, Brown of the Globe (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Grosskurth" title="Phyllis Grosskurth">Phyllis Grosskurth</a>, John Addington Symonds (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eayrs" title="James Eayrs">James Eayrs</a>, In Defence of Canada (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">George Woodcock</a>, The Crystal Spirit: A Study of George Orwell (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norah_Story" title="Norah Story">Norah Story</a>, The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Richler" title="Mordecai Richler">Mordecai Richler</a>, Hunting Tigers Under Glass (1968)</li> <li>[No award] (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[No award] (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berton" title="Pierre Berton">Pierre Berton</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Spike_(book)" title="The Last Spike (book)">The Last Spike</a> (1971)</li> <li>[No award] (1972)</li> <li>Michael Bell, Painters in a New Land (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie_(diplomat)" title="Charles Ritchie (diplomat)">Charles Ritchie</a>, The Siren Years (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_MacRae" title="Marion MacRae">Marion MacRae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Adamson" title="Anthony Adamson">Anthony Adamson</a>, Hallowed Walls (1975)</li> <li>Carl Berger, The Writing of Canadian History (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a>, Essays on the Constitution (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Caron" title="Roger Caron">Roger Caron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go-Boy!" title="Go-Boy!">Go-Boy! Memories of a Life Behind Bars</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tippett" title="Maria Tippett">Maria Tippett</a>, Emily Carr (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bothwell" title="Robert Bothwell">Robert Bothwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Kilbourn" title="William Kilbourn">William Kilbourn</a>, C.D. Howe (1979)</li> <li>Larry Pratt and <a href="/wiki/John_Richards_(scholar)" title="John Richards (scholar)">John Richards</a>, Prairie Capitalism (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Simpson" title="Jeffrey Simpson">Jeffrey Simpson</a>, Discipline of Power: The Conservative Interlude and the Liberal Restoration (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Calef" title="George Calef">George Calef</a>, Caribou and the Barren-Land (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Moore_(Canadian_historian)" title="Christopher Moore (Canadian historian)">Christopher Moore</a>, Louisbourg Portraits: Life in an Eighteenth- Century Garrison Town (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Williams" title="Jeffery Williams">Jeffery Williams</a>, Byng of Vimy: General and Governor General (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Gwyn" title="Sandra Gwyn">Sandra Gwyn</a>, The Private Capital: Ambition and Love in the Age of Macdonald and Laurier (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Cook" title="Ramsay Cook">Ramsay Cook</a>, The Regenerators: Social Criticism in Late Victorian English Canada (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a>, Northrop Frye on Shakespeare (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a>, The Russian Album (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Collins_(author)" title="Anne Collins (author)">Anne Collins</a>, In the Sleep Room (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Calder_(writer)" title="Robert Calder (writer)">Robert Calder</a>, Willie: The Life of W. Somerset Maugham (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clarkson" title="Stephen Clarkson">Stephen Clarkson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_McCall" title="Christina McCall">Christina McCall</a>, Trudeau and Our Times (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Robert Hunter</a> and Robert Calihoo, Occupied Canada: A Young White Man Discovers His Unsuspected Past (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Siggins" title="Maggie Siggins">Maggie Siggins</a>, Revenge of the Land: A Century of Greed, Tragedy and Murder on a Saskatchewan Farm (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Connelly" title="Karen Connelly">Karen Connelly</a>, Touch the Dragon (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Livingston_(naturalist)" title="John Livingston (naturalist)">John Livingston</a>, Rogue Primate: An Exploration of Human Domestication (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Sullivan" title="Rosemary Sullivan">Rosemary Sullivan</a>, Shadow Maker: The Life of Gwendolyn MacEwen (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul" title="John Ralston Saul">John Ralston Saul</a>, The Unconscious Civilization (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Manley" title="Rachel Manley">Rachel Manley</a>, Drumblair: Memories of a Jamaican Childhood (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Adams_Richards" title="David Adams Richards">David Adams Richards</a>, Lines on the Water: A Fisherman's Life on the Miramichi (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marq_de_Villiers" title="Marq de Villiers">Marq de Villiers</a>, Water (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nega_Mezlekia" title="Nega Mezlekia">Nega Mezlekia</a>, Notes from the Hyena's Belly (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Homer-Dixon" title="Thomas Homer-Dixon">Thomas Homer-Dixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ingenuity_Gap" title="The Ingenuity Gap">The Ingenuity Gap</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Nikiforuk" title="Andrew Nikiforuk">Andrew Nikiforuk</a>, Saboteurs: Wiebo Ludwig's War Against Big Oil (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacMillan" title="Margaret MacMillan">Margaret MacMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peacemakers:_The_Paris_Peace_Conference_of_1919_and_Its_Attempt_to_End_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War">Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_Dallaire" title="Roméo Dallaire">Roméo Dallaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shake_Hands_with_the_Devil_(book)" title="Shake Hands with the Devil (book)">Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vaillant" title="John Vaillant">John Vaillant</a>, The Golden Spruce: A True Story of Myth, Madness and Greed (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_King_(author)" title="Ross King (author)">Ross King</a>, The Judgment of Paris: The Revolutionary Decade That Gave the World Impressionism (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolyn_Smardz_Frost" title="Karolyn Smardz Frost">Karolyn Smardz Frost</a>, I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Blatchford" title="Christie Blatchford">Christie Blatchford</a>, Fifteen Days: Stories of Bravery, Friendship, Life and Death from Inside the New Canadian Army (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Vassanji" title="M. G. Vassanji">M. G. Vassanji</a>, A Place Within: Rediscovering India (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Casey" title="Allan Casey">Allan Casey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakeland:_Journeys_into_the_Soul_of_Canada" title="Lakeland: Journeys into the Soul of Canada">Lakeland: Journeys into the Soul of Canada</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foran" title="Charles Foran">Charles Foran</a>, Mordecai: The Life and Times (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_King_(author)" title="Ross King (author)">Ross King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_and_the_Last_Supper" title="Leonardo and the Last Supper">Leonardo and the Last Supper</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Djwa" title="Sandra Djwa">Sandra Djwa</a>, Journey with No Maps: A Life of P.K. Page (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Harris" title="Michael John Harris">Michael John Harris</a>, The End of Absence: Reclaiming What We’ve Lost in a World of Constant Connection (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_L._Winston" title="Mark L. Winston">Mark L. Winston</a>, Bee Time: Lessons from the Hive (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Waiser" title="Bill Waiser">Bill Waiser</a>, A World We Have Lost: Saskatchewan Before 1905 (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Wood_(journalist)" title="Graeme Wood (journalist)">Graeme Wood</a>, The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrel_J._McLeod" title="Darrel J. McLeod">Darrel J. McLeod</a>, Mamaskatch: A Cree Coming of Age' (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Gillmor" title="Don Gillmor">Don Gillmor</a>, To the River: Losing My Brother (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhur_Anand" title="Madhur Anand">Madhur Anand</a>, <a href="/wiki/This_Red_Line_Goes_Straight_to_Your_Heart" title="This Red Line Goes Straight to Your Heart">This Red Line Goes Straight to Your Heart</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiqa_de_Meijer" title="Sadiqa de Meijer">Sadiqa de Meijer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabet/alphabet" title="Alfabet/alphabet">alfabet/alphabet: a memoir of a first language</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Baxter" title="Eli Baxter">Eli Baxter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aki-wayn-zih" title="Aki-wayn-zih">Aki-wayn-zih: A Person as Worthy as the Earth</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyo_Maclear" title="Kyo Maclear">Kyo Maclear</a>, Unearthing (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niigaan_Sinclair" title="Niigaan Sinclair">Niigaan Sinclair</a>, Wînipêk: Visions of Canada from an Indigenous Centre (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rom%C3%A1n_Perpi%C3%B1%C3%A1_Grau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Román Perpiñá Grau (page does not exist)">Román Perpiñá Grau</a> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A0_Perpiny%C3%A0_Grau" class="extiw" title="ca:Romà Perpinyà Grau">ca</a>]</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Dom%C3%ADnguez_Ortiz" title="Antonio Domínguez Ortiz">Antonio Domínguez Ortiz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Caro_Baroja" title="Julio Caro Baroja">Julio Caro Baroja</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Enterr%C3%ADa" title="Eduardo García de Enterría">Eduardo García de Enterría</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Carande" title="Ramón Carande">Ramón Carande Thovar</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Pinillos_D%C3%ADaz" title="José Luis Pinillos Díaz">José Luis Pinillos</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Linz" title="Juan José Linz">Juan José Linz</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Luis_D%C3%ADez_del_Corral" title="Luis Díez del Corral">Luis Díez del Corral</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Sánchez Agesta (page does not exist)">Luis Sánchez Agesta</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta" class="extiw" title="es:Luis Sánchez Agesta">es</a>]</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Fuentes_Quintana" title="Enrique Fuentes Quintana">Enrique Fuentes Quintana</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo Uría González (page does not exist)">Rodrigo Uría González</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="extiw" title="es:Rodrigo Uría González">es</a>]</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Artola_Gallego" title="Miguel Artola Gallego">Miguel Artola Gallego</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velarde_(economist)" title="Juan Velarde (economist)">Juan Velarde Fuertes</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Zavala" title="Silvio Zavala">Silvio Zavala</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Aurelio Menéndez">Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Ver%C3%ADssimo_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão">Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miquel Batllori i Munné (page does not exist)">Miquel Batllori i Munné</a> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="ca:Miquel Batllori i Munné">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori" class="extiw" title="es:Miquel Batllori">es</a>]</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/J._H._Elliott" title="J. H. Elliott">John H. Elliott</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_de_Riquer_i_Morera" title="Martí de Riquer i Morera">Martí de Riquer i Morera</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Raymond Carr</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/El_Colegio_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="El Colegio de México">El Colegio de México</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Iglesias_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Iglesias Santos (page does not exist)">Juan Iglesias Santos</a> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="ca:Juan Iglesias Santos">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="es:Juan Iglesias Santos">es</a>]</li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Sartori" title="Giovanni Sartori">Giovanni Sartori</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf">Ralf Dahrendorf</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li>2010: The archaeological team of the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Howard Gardner</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Saskia_Sassen" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P%C3%A9rez" title="Joseph Pérez">Joseph Pérez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Karen Armstrong</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Michael Sandel</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Portes" title="Alejandro Portes">Alejandro Portes</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Matos_Moctezuma" title="Eduardo Matos Moctezuma">Eduardo Matos Moctezuma</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Carr%C3%A8re_d%27Encausse" title="Hélène Carrère d'Encausse">Hélène Carrère d'Encausse</a></li> <li>2024: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Ignatieff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311684#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311684#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311684#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109311858">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108356200">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/50628/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhpQB7kpj4tp3MmrVwG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118891324">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80021727">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120553595">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120553595">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00468753">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV020730">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35218347">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0000380&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1367182">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1577851">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072977604">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90362843">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000049152&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000266317&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200412913">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq46829b2gnlkcv">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810663485305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262819905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512918206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14654362">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00537397?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-ignatieff">PhilPeople</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/701648f3-08c5-40fc-9e65-d0db266fe4ae">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/869924">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118891324.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118891324">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028790839">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&oldid=1259241963">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&oldid=1259241963</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1947_births" title="Category:1947 births">1947 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="Category:21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada">21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_London_School_of_Economics" title="Category:Academics of the London School of Economics">Academics of the London School of Economics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_London" title="Category:Academics of the University of London">Academics of the University of London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Category:Academics of the University of Oxford">Academics of the University of Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford">Alumni of the University of Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_expatriate_academics_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Canadian expatriate academics in the United States">Canadian expatriate academics in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_expatriates_in_Hungary" title="Category:Canadian expatriates in Hungary">Canadian expatriates in Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Canadian_historians" title="Category:20th-century Canadian historians">20th-century Canadian historians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_legal_scholars" title="Category:Canadian legal scholars">Canadian legal scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_male_novelists" title="Category:Canadian male novelists">Canadian male novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Russian_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Russian descent">Canadian people of Russian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent">Canadian people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Canadian_philosophers" title="Category:20th-century Canadian philosophers">20th-century Canadian philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Canadian_philosophers" title="Category:21st-century Canadian philosophers">21st-century Canadian philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_Central_European_University" title="Category:Academic staff of Central European University">Academic staff of Central European University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Fellows of King's College, Cambridge">Fellows of King's College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governor_General%27s_Award%E2%80%93winning_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:Governor General's Award–winning non-fiction writers">Governor General's Award–winning non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences_alumni" title="Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni">Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_faculty" title="Category:Harvard University faculty">Harvard University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_law_scholars" title="Category:International law scholars">International law scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Isaiah_Berlin_scholars" title="Category:Isaiah Berlin scholars">Isaiah Berlin scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Category:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada">Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Category:Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)">Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs">Liberal Party of Canada MPs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada_from_Ontario" title="Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario">Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Order_of_Canada" title="Category:Members of the Order of Canada">Members of the Order of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Toronto" title="Category:Politicians from Toronto">Politicians from Toronto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Responsibility_to_protect" title="Category:Responsibility to protect">Responsibility to protect</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scholars_of_nationalism" title="Category:Scholars of nationalism">Scholars of nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_New_York_Review_of_Books_people" title="Category:The New York Review of Books people">The New York Review of Books people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trinity_College_(Canada)_alumni" title="Category:Trinity College (Canada) alumni">Trinity College (Canada) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_British_Columbia" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of British Columbia">Academic staff of the University of British Columbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Toronto_alumni" title="Category:University of Toronto alumni">University of Toronto alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Toronto" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Toronto">Academic staff of the University of Toronto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Upper_Canada_College_alumni" title="Category:Upper Canada College alumni">Upper Canada College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carnegie_Council_for_Ethics_in_International_Affairs" title="Category:Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs">Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Screen_Award_winning_writers" title="Category:Canadian Screen Award winning writers">Canadian Screen Award winning writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Screenwriters_from_British_Columbia" title="Category:Screenwriters from British Columbia">Screenwriters from British Columbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Screenwriters_from_Ontario" title="Category:Screenwriters from Ontario">Screenwriters from Ontario</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Canadian_English_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use Canadian English from January 2023">Use Canadian English from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Canadian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2017" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2017">Use mdy dates from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_February_2018" title="Category:Incomplete lists from February 2018">Incomplete lists from February 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_July_2018" title="Category:Incomplete lists from July 2018">Incomplete lists from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 03:50 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ignatieff&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fb9fb","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.399","walltime":"2.822","ppvisitednodes":{"value":27448,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":512519,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28210,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":607231,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2472.220 1 -total"," 34.36% 849.507 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.86% 441.543 58 Template:Cite_news"," 17.80% 440.004 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 10.70% 264.438 65 Template:Cite_web"," 10.25% 253.423 10 Template:Navbox"," 6.63% 163.951 1 Template:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada"," 5.69% 140.773 1 Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Etobicoke—Lakeshore"," 5.58% 137.954 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 4.75% 117.448 3 Template:Canadian_election_result/top"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.386","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23927460,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","380","25.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","17.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","200","13.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","6.6"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.9"],["(for generator)","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","2.6"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u003E","40","2.6"],["[others]","240","15.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-sbklw","timestamp":"20241124035058","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Michael Ignatieff","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Ignatieff","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q311684","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q311684","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-11T18:15:03Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T03:50:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/38\/Victoria%2C_BC_Liberal_Town_Hall_Forum_public_lib%C3%A9ral.jpg","headline":"Canadian professor, writer and politician"}</script> </body> </html>