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The essays analyze the use of loanwords for dating texts, the interaction between Hebrew and Aramaic, the distinction between oral and written narratives, along with linguistic features that suggest coexistence of early and late forms of Hebrew. The review evaluates the arguments made regarding the linguistic characteristics of Biblical Hebrew and their implications for understanding the historical context of its development.","ai_title_tag":"Contributions to Biblical Hebrew Studies","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Review of Biblical Literature"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Zewi, Tamar. 2004. “Review of Ian Young. Ed. Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology. T \u0026 T Clark International: London \u0026 New York. 2003.” Review of Biblical Literature 2004/8.","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [9672986]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58548205,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Zewi, Tamar. 2004. “Review of Ian Young. Ed. Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology. T & T Clark International: London & New York. 2003.” Review of Biblical Literature 2004/8.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58548205/mini_magick20190304-26404-13sdj9d.png?1551698999" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Zewi, Tamar. 2004. “Review of Ian Young. Ed. Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology. T & T Clark International: London & New York. 2003.” Review of Biblical Literature 2004/8.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9672986" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/TamarZewi"><img alt="Profile image of Tamar Zewi תמר צבי" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/9672986/3071428/3612456/s65_tamar.zewi.jpg" />Tamar Zewi תמר צבי</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Review of Biblical Literature</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38481993; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=38481993"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This review discusses the contributions of various essays in a compilation edited by Ian Young on the chronology and typology of Biblical Hebrew. The essays analyze the use of loanwords for dating texts, the interaction between Hebrew and Aramaic, the distinction between oral and written narratives, along with linguistic features that suggest coexistence of early and late forms of Hebrew. The review evaluates the arguments made regarding the linguistic characteristics of Biblical Hebrew and their implications for understanding the historical context of its development.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58548205,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38481993/Zewi_Tamar_2004_Review_of_Ian_Young_Ed_Biblical_Hebrew_Studies_in_Chronology_and_Typology_T_and_T_Clark_International_London_and_New_York_2003_Review_of_Biblical_Literature_2004_8"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58548205,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38481993/Zewi_Tamar_2004_Review_of_Ian_Young_Ed_Biblical_Hebrew_Studies_in_Chronology_and_Typology_T_and_T_Clark_International_London_and_New_York_2003_Review_of_Biblical_Literature_2004_8"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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J. Noonan, Advances in the Study of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic: New Insights for Reading the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic. 2020.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34281316" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/IanAtkinson">Ian Atkinson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages., 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">I am not sure that the views of Young and Rezetko received a fair share of attention. The least one can say is that surely the last word has not been spoken on this topic. I, for one, was convinced by the way the authors demonstrated that linguistic-based research has implications for the dating of texts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of B. J. Noonan, Advances in the Study of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic: New Insights for Reading the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic. 2020.","attachmentId":119900666,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125946181/Review_of_B_J_Noonan_Advances_in_the_Study_of_Biblical_Hebrew_and_Aramaic_New_Insights_for_Reading_the_Old_Testament_Grand_Rapids_MI_Zondervan_Academic_2020","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125946181/Review_of_B_J_Noonan_Advances_in_the_Study_of_Biblical_Hebrew_and_Aramaic_New_Insights_for_Reading_the_Old_Testament_Grand_Rapids_MI_Zondervan_Academic_2020"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="80358523" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80358523/Review_of_Early_Biblical_Hebrew_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_and_Linguistic_Variability_A_Sociolinguistic_Evaluation_of_the_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_VTSup_156_Leiden_Brill_2013_">Review of Early Biblical Hebrew, Late Biblical Hebrew, and Linguistic Variability: A Sociolinguistic Evaluation of the Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts (VTSup, 156; Leiden: Brill, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11162896" href="https://wels.academia.edu/KennethCherney">Kenneth Cherney</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This review was published by RBL 2006 by the Society of Biblical Literature. For more information on obtaining a subscription to RBL, please visit http://www.bookreviews.org/subscribe.asp. But although we can establish that the language has in general little significance for the literary history, there is one well-known exception. In the books of Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemiah, Daniel, Esther, and Ecclesiastes, there is one linguistic level that differs clearly from Standard Biblical Hebrew (SBH). We are indebted to A. Hurvitz in particular for his valuable research into Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). He has gathered together the morphological, syntactical, phraseological, and lexematic characteristics of this linguistic stage and has described its difference from SBH, as well as the features it shares with Qumran Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew. The influence of Aramaic on LBH emerged clearly. Hurvitz used this finding to show that the language of the Priestly Code is SBH, not LBH. 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Texts","attachmentId":44906503,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24576859/2010c_Young_Rezetko_Ehrensva_rd_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576859/2010c_Young_Rezetko_Ehrensva_rd_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2513631" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2513631/_The_Distinction_between_Classical_and_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_as_Reflected_in_Syntax_">“The Distinction between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew as Reflected in Syntax”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="890385" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanJoosten4">Jan Joosten</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“The Distinction between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew as Reflected in Syntax”","attachmentId":30529853,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2513631/_The_Distinction_between_Classical_and_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_as_Reflected_in_Syntax_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2513631/_The_Distinction_between_Classical_and_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_as_Reflected_in_Syntax_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24576726" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576726/2008c_Rezetko_Young_Ehrensva_rd_Colloquium_on_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_Part_1_Paper">2008c Rezetko Young Ehrensvärd Colloquium on Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts Part 1 Paper</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9085" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/IanYoung">Ian Young</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="891527" href="https://ku-dk.academia.edu/MartinEhrensv%C3%A4rd">Martin Ehrensvärd</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22727517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRezetko">Robert Rezetko</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2008c Rezetko Young Ehrensvärd Colloquium on Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts Part 1 Paper","attachmentId":44906412,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24576726/2008c_Rezetko_Young_Ehrensva_rd_Colloquium_on_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_Part_1_Paper","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576726/2008c_Rezetko_Young_Ehrensva_rd_Colloquium_on_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_Part_1_Paper"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="74976156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew">Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1196712" href="https://sebts.academia.edu/MarkRooker">Mark Rooker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bulletin for Biblical Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for the existence of a later linguistic strand within the Hebrew Bible known as late biblical Hebrew. After surveying the history and methodology of the diachronic study of the Hebrew language, I examine orthographic, morphological, and syntactical evidence, which demonstrates a linguistic shift from the preexilic to the postexilic period. I demonstrate how these same late biblical features of the postexilic period became commonplace in Rabbinic Hebrew and in the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. I discuss the different views regarding the reasons biblical Hebrew experienced linguistic change and argue that the events of the Babylonian exile contain all the components linguists regard as necessary to account for language change. An appendix is provided which contrasts the fourteen accepted features of late biblical Hebrew with their early biblical Hebrew counterparts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew","attachmentId":82932667,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="57629344" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57629344/Linguistics_Philology_and_the_Text_of_the_Old_Testament">Linguistics, Philology, and the Text of the Old Testament</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="183282" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/RobertHolmstedt">Robert Holmstedt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">James Bar Assessed: Evaluating His Legacy over the Last Sixty Years, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Among his significant contributions to the study of the Old Testament, James Barr’s sage work on the nature of philology and linguistics and their application to ancient texts figure prominently. Nearly sixty years ago, Barr published his first monograph, The Semantics of Biblical Language. Just seven years later he published his Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament. Then a year later he weighed in on the “conflict” between linguistics and philology, a topic he considered from a slightly different angle and extended to biblical studies as a whole twenty-five years later. In between, he demonstrated his attention to detail and sensitivity to text in his The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible. Despite the considerable advances in biblical scholarship—the Dead Sea Scrolls have all been published, new Hebrew lexica (HALOT, DCH) have appeared to supersede BDB, and modern linguistic theories have been increasingly applied to the Biblical Hebrew—some of the same methodological concerns about language and text that prompted Barr’s work have surfaced again. While few of the philological or textual conclusions Barr reached can now be accepted without qualification, his attention to interdisciplinary questions of method combined with an eye to linguistic detail remains a model for scholarship and encourages us to apply a Barr-ian eye to method and theory for a new generation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linguistics, Philology, and the Text of the Old Testament","attachmentId":72437433,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57629344/Linguistics_Philology_and_the_Text_of_the_Old_Testament","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57629344/Linguistics_Philology_and_the_Text_of_the_Old_Testament"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="24576955" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576955/2014_Rezetko_Young_Historical_Linguistics_and_Biblical_Hebrew">2014 Rezetko Young Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22727517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRezetko">Robert Rezetko</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9085" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/IanYoung">Ian Young</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This book seeks to break fresh ground in research on the history of ancient Hebrew. Building on theoretical and methodological concepts in general historical linguistics and in diachronic linguistic research on various ancient Near Eastern and Indo-European languages, the authors reflect critically on issues such as the objective of the research, the nature of the written sources, and the ideas of variation and periodization. They draw on innovative work on premodern scribally created writings to argue for a similar application of a joint history of texts and history of language approach to ancient Hebrew. The application of cross-textual variable analysis and variationist analysis in various case studies shows that more complete descriptions and evaluations of the distribution of linguistic data advances our understanding of historical developments in ancient Hebrew.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2014 Rezetko Young Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew","attachmentId":94285154,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24576955/2014_Rezetko_Young_Historical_Linguistics_and_Biblical_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576955/2014_Rezetko_Young_Historical_Linguistics_and_Biblical_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58548205,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58548205,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58548205" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10943933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10943933/Review_of_Hebrew_in_the_Second_Temple_Period_The_Hebrew_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Other_Contemporary_Sources_ed_Steven_E_Fassberg_Moshe_Bar_Asher_and_Ruth_A_Clements">Review of Hebrew in the Second Temple Period: The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Contemporary Sources, ed. Steven E. Fassberg, Moshe Bar-Asher, and Ruth A. 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Clements.","attachmentId":36702675,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10943933/Review_of_Hebrew_in_the_Second_Temple_Period_The_Hebrew_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Other_Contemporary_Sources_ed_Steven_E_Fassberg_Moshe_Bar_Asher_and_Ruth_A_Clements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10943933/Review_of_Hebrew_in_the_Second_Temple_Period_The_Hebrew_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Other_Contemporary_Sources_ed_Steven_E_Fassberg_Moshe_Bar_Asher_and_Ruth_A_Clements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="24196309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24196309/Concluding_Reflections_to_Biblical_Hebrew_Studies_in_Chronology_and_Typology_2003_">Concluding Reflections (to Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology, 2003)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9085" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/IanYoung">Ian Young</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">“Concluding Reflections,” in: Ian Young (ed.), Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology (Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement 369, T & T Clark, London, 2003), 312–317.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Concluding Reflections (to Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology, 2003)","attachmentId":49731703,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24196309/Concluding_Reflections_to_Biblical_Hebrew_Studies_in_Chronology_and_Typology_2003_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24196309/Concluding_Reflections_to_Biblical_Hebrew_Studies_in_Chronology_and_Typology_2003_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="5349045" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5349045/Features_of_Archaic_Biblical_Poetry_and_the_Linguistic_Dating_Debate">Features of Archaic Biblical Poetry and the Linguistic Dating Debate</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="184484" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/ArenWilsonWright">Aren M . Wilson-Wright</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14496" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/NaamaPatEl">Na'ama Pat-El</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Hebrew Studies 54, pp. 387-410, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Features of Archaic Biblical Poetry and the Linguistic Dating Debate","attachmentId":32502120,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5349045/Features_of_Archaic_Biblical_Poetry_and_the_Linguistic_Dating_Debate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5349045/Features_of_Archaic_Biblical_Poetry_and_the_Linguistic_Dating_Debate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41831696" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41831696/Script_Switching_Linguistic_and_Historical_Aspects_of_the_Shift_from_Hebrew_to_Aramaic_Script_in_the_Second_Temple_Period">Script-Switching: Linguistic and Historical Aspects of the Shift from Hebrew to Aramaic Script in the Second Temple Period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1318583" href="https://huji.academia.edu/NoamMizrahi">Noam Mizrahi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Published in Kleine Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Alten Testaments und seiner Umwelt 22 (2017), 101–123, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Script-Switching: Linguistic and Historical Aspects of the Shift from Hebrew to Aramaic Script in the Second Temple Period","attachmentId":61969331,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41831696/Script_Switching_Linguistic_and_Historical_Aspects_of_the_Shift_from_Hebrew_to_Aramaic_Script_in_the_Second_Temple_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41831696/Script_Switching_Linguistic_and_Historical_Aspects_of_the_Shift_from_Hebrew_to_Aramaic_Script_in_the_Second_Temple_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="24576796" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24576796/2008d_Rezetko_Young_Ehrensva_rd_Colloquium_on_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_Part_2_Discussion">2008d Rezetko Young Ehrensvärd Colloquium on Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts Part 2 Discussion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9085" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/IanYoung">Ian Young</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="891527" href="https://ku-dk.academia.edu/MartinEhrensv%C3%A4rd">Martin Ehrensvärd</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22727517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertRezetko">Robert Rezetko</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2008d Rezetko Young Ehrensvärd Colloquium on Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts Part 2 Discussion","attachmentId":44906423,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24576796/2008d_Rezetko_Young_Ehrensva_rd_Colloquium_on_Linguistic_Dating_of_Biblical_Texts_Part_2_Discussion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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