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<span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swedish_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Swedish attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_advance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_advance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Russian advance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_advance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turning_point" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turning_point"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Turning point</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turning_point-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_retreat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_retreat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Swedish retreat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_retreat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Secondary notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Poltava</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="معركة بولتافا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة بولتافا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Poltava" title="Batalla de Poltava – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Batalla de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltava_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Poltava döyüşü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Poltava döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="پولتاوا دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پولتاوا دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Палтаўская бітва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палтаўская бітва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бітва пад Палтавай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бітва пад Палтавай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полтавска битка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полтавска битка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Poltava" title="Batalla de Poltava – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Poltavy" title="Bitva u Poltavy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Poltavy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Poltava" title="Brwydr Poltava – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Poltava" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Poltava" title="Slaget ved Poltava – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Poltava" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Poltawa" title="Schlacht bei Poltawa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Poltawa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltava_lahing" title="Poltava lahing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poltava lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μάχη της Πολτάβας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη της Πολτάβας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Poltava" title="Batalla de Poltava – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_%C4%89e_Poltavo" title="Batalo ĉe Poltavo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo ĉe Poltavo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltavako_gudua" title="Poltavako gudua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poltavako gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="نبرد پلتاوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد پلتاوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Poltava" title="Bataille de Poltava – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_Poltava" title="Cath Poltava – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath Poltava" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Poltava" title="Batalla de Poltava – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batalla de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%ED%83%80%EB%B0%94_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="폴타바 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴타바 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Պոլտավայի ճակատամարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոլտավայի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltavska_bitka" title="Poltavska bitka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poltavska bitka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalio_di_Poltava" title="Batalio di Poltava – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Batalio di Poltava" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Poltava" title="Pertempuran Poltava – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Poltava" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagna_di_Poltava" title="Campagna di Poltava – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campagna di Poltava" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%91%D7%94" title="קרב פולטבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב פולטבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="პოლტავის ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლტავის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proelium_Poltavense" title="Proelium Poltavense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proelium Poltavense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltavas_kauja" title="Poltavas kauja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Poltavas kauja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltavos_m%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Poltavos mūšis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Poltavos mūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltavai_csata" title="Poltavai csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Poltavai csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Poltava" title="Slag bij Poltava – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Poltava" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ポルタヴァの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルタヴァの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slacht_bi_Poltawa" title="Slacht bi Poltawa – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Slacht bi Poltawa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Poltava" title="Slaget ved Poltava – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Poltava" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Poltava" title="Slaget ved Poltava – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Poltava" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Poltava" title="Batalha de Poltava – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د پولټاوا جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پولټاوا جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Po%C5%82taw%C4%85" title="Bitwa pod Połtawą – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Połtawą" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Poltava" title="Batalha de Poltava – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Poltava" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Poltava" title="Bătălia de la Poltava – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Poltava" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Полтавская битва – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полтавская битва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_Poltavi" title="Bitka pri Poltavi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri Poltavi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Битка код Полтаве – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Полтаве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Poltave" title="Bitka kod Poltave – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Poltave" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pultavan_taistelu" title="Pultavan taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pultavan taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Poltava" title="Slaget vid Poltava – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Poltava" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltava_b%C3%A4rele%C5%9Fe" title="Poltava bäreleşe – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Poltava bäreleşe" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="ยุทธการที่ปอลตาวา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธการที่ปอลตาวา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltova_Muharebesi" title="Poltova Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Poltova Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Полтавська битва – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полтавська битва" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Poltava" title="Trận Poltava – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Poltava" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0" title="波爾塔瓦會戰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波爾塔瓦會戰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Poltava&params=49_37_53_N_34_33_10_E_region:UA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°37′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°33′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.63139°N 34.55278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.63139; 34.55278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1709 battle of the Great Northern War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Poltava" class="extiw" title="sv:Slaget vid Poltava">the corresponding article</a> in Swedish</b>.  <i><small>(October 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Slaget vid Poltava]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|sv|Slaget vid Poltava}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Poltava" title="Talk:Battle of Poltava">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Poltava</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Russia" title="Swedish invasion of Russia">Swedish invasion of Russia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/300px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/450px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/600px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span><br /><i>The Battle of Poltava</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Denis_Martin_(1663%E2%80%931742)" title="Pierre-Denis Martin (1663–1742)">Pierre-Denis Martin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>8 July 1709<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a>, Russian Empire (<span style="font-size:85%;">present-day</span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Poltava&params=49_37_53_N_34_33_10_E_region:UA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°37′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°33′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.63139°N 34.55278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.63139; 34.55278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Russian alliance victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="yes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia"><img alt="Tsardom of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kalmyk_Khanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="229" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk Khanate</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Rehnski%C3%B6ld" title="Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld">Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Creutz" title="Carl Gustaf Creutz">Carl Gustaf Creutz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ludwig_Lewenhaupt" title="Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt">Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Johan_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Johan Hamilton (page does not exist)">Hugo Johan Hamilton</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Johan_Hamilton_(1668%E2%80%931748)" class="extiw" title="sv:Hugo Johan Hamilton (1668–1748)">sv</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Wolmar_Anton_von_Schlippenbach" title="Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach">Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Roos" title="Carl Gustaf Roos">Carl Gustaf Roos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia"><img alt="Tsardom of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia"><img alt="Tsardom of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Sheremetev" title="Boris Sheremetev">Boris Sheremetev</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia"><img alt="Tsardom of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Danilovich_Menshikov" title="Alexander Danilovich Menshikov">Alexander Menshikov</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia"><img alt="Tsardom of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bruce" title="Jacob Bruce">Jacob Bruce</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="338" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Skoropadsky" title="Ivan Skoropadsky">Ivan Skoropadsky</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>31,392<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014297–300_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014297–300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />34 artillery pieces </p> <ul><li>16,500 in battle<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />4 cannons<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p>75,000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 80,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014271_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014271-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />102 artillery pieces </p> <ul><li>42,660 in battle<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014273_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014273-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />86 cannons<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 9,700 to 12,211<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,635 to 5,953<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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(1700)">1st Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varja" title="Battle of Varja">Varja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1700)" title="Battle of Narva (1700)">1st Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_D%C3%BCna" title="Crossing of the Düna">Düna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rauge" title="Battle of Rauge">Rauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Erastfer" title="Battle of Erastfer">Erastfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hummelshof" title="Battle of Hummelshof">Hummelshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_N%C3%B6teborg_(1702)" title="Siege of Nöteborg (1702)">Nöteborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Systerb%C3%A4ck" title="Battle of Systerbäck">Systerbäck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wesenberg_(1704)" title="Battle of Wesenberg (1704)">Wesenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Narva_(1704)" title="Siege of Narva (1704)">2nd Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Neva_(1708)" title="Battle of the Neva (1708)">Neva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koporye" title="Battle of Koporye">Koporye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_Kolkanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Evacuation of Kolkanpää">Kolkanpää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Riga_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Riga (1710)">2nd Riga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Courland and Western Lithuania</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Try%C5%A1kiai" title="Battle of Tryškiai">Tryškiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dars%C5%ABni%C5%A1kis" title="Battle of Darsūniškis">Darsūniškis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vilnius_(1702)" title="Battle of Vilnius (1702)">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salo%C4%8Diai_(1703)" title="Battle of Saločiai (1703)">Saločiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jakobstadt" title="Battle of Jakobstadt">Jakobstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palanga" title="Battle of Palanga">Palanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gemauerthof" title="Battle of Gemauerthof">Gemauerthof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grodno_(1706)" title="Battle of Grodno (1706)">1st Grodno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valkininkai_(1706)" title="Battle of Valkininkai (1706)">Valkininkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kletsk_(1706)" title="Battle of Kletsk (1706)">Kletsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grodno_(1708)" title="Battle of Grodno (1708)">2nd Grodno</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Poland_(1701%E2%80%931706)" title="Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Saxony" title="Swedish invasion of Saxony">Saxony</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klisz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Kliszów">Kliszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk_(1703)" title="Battle of Pułtusk (1703)">Pułtusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thorn_(1703)" title="Siege of Thorn (1703)">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozna%C5%84_(1704)" title="Battle of Poznań (1704)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_Lemberg" title="Storming of Lemberg">Lemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poniec" title="Battle of Poniec">Poniec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1705)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1705)">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga_(1705)" title="Battle of Praga (1705)">Praga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fraustadt" title="Battle of Fraustadt">Fraustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Saxony#Combat_of_Rosenhain" title="Swedish invasion of Saxony">Rosenhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Saxony#Combat_of_Frauenwald" title="Swedish invasion of Saxony">Frauenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalisz" title="Battle of Kalisz">Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koniecpol" title="Battle of Koniecpol">Koniecpol</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Russia" title="Swedish invasion of Russia">Russia</a> and Eastern Lithuania</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petschora" title="Battle of Petschora">Petschora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holowczyn" title="Battle of Holowczyn">Holowczyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malatitze" title="Battle of Malatitze">Malatitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rajovka" title="Battle of Rajovka">Rajovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lesnaya" title="Battle of Lesnaya">Lesnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desna" title="Battle of Desna">Desna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baturyn" title="Sack of Baturyn">Baturyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Veprik" title="Siege of Veprik">Veprik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oposhnya" title="Battle of Oposhnya">Oposhnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnokutsk%E2%80%93Gorodnoye" title="Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye">Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sokolki" title="Battle of Sokolki">Sokolki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">Perevolochna</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sweden proper (including <a href="/wiki/Great_Wrath" title="Great Wrath">Finland</a>)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helsingborg" title="Battle of Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Viborg_(1710)" title="Siege of Viborg (1710)">2nd Viborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helsinki_(1713)" title="Battle of Helsinki (1713)">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%A4lk%C3%A4ne" title="Battle of Pälkäne">Pälkäne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Napue" title="Battle of Napue">Napue</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gothenburg" title="Battle of Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_at_G%C3%B6ta_%C3%84lv" title="Battles at Göta Älv">Göta Älv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Str%C3%B6mstad" title="Battle of Strömstad">Strömstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Marstrand" title="Attack on Marstrand">Marstrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A4ket" title="Battle of Stäket">Stäket</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Moldavia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign">Pruth Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Bender" title="Skirmish at Bender">Bender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Swedish German dominions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wismar_(1711)" title="Battle of Wismar (1711)">Wismar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Usedom" title="Battles of Usedom">Usedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stresow" title="Battle of Stresow">Stresow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stralsund_(1711%E2%80%931715)" title="Siege of Stralsund (1711–1715)">Stralsund</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Mecklenburg and Holstein-Gottorp</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gadebusch" title="Battle of Gadebusch">Gadebusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_T%C3%B6nning" title="Siege of Tönning">2nd Tönning</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Norway_during_the_Great_Northern_War" title="Norway during the Great Northern War">Norway</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%B8land" title="Battle of Høland">Høland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dynekilen" title="Battle of Dynekilen">Dynekilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fredriksten" title="Siege of Fredriksten">Fredriksten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolean_Death_March" title="Carolean Death March">Carolean Death March</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B8ge_Bay_(1710)" title="Battle of Køge Bay (1710)">Køge Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fladstrand" title="Battle of Fladstrand">Fladstrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hogland_(1713)" title="Battle of Hogland (1713)">Hogland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gangut" title="Battle of Gangut">Gangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fehmarn_(1715)" title="Battle of Fehmarn (1715)">Fehmarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%BCgen_(1715)" title="Battle of Rügen (1715)">Rügen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%96sel_Island" title="Battle of Ösel Island">Ösel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grengam" title="Battle of Grengam">Grengam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Northern_War_treaties" title="Template:Great Northern War treaties">Treaties</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-Mazepa_Conflict" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Anti-Mazepa_Conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Anti-Mazepa Conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Anti-Mazepa_Conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Anti-Mazepa Conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Anti-Mazepa_Conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Anti-Mazepa Conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-Mazepa_Conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Anti-Mazepa Conflict</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baturyn" title="Sack of Baturyn">Baturyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Novhorod-Siversky_(1708)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Novhorod-Siversky (1708) (page does not exist)">Novhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_of_Cossacks_in_Lebedyn" title="Executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn">Lebedyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raze_of_Smile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raze of Smile (page does not exist)">Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bila_Tserkva_(1708)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Bila Tserkva (1708) (page does not exist)">Bila Tserkva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Romny_(1708)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Romny (1708) (page does not exist)">Romny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raze_of_Zaporizhian_Sich_(1708)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raze of Zaporizhian Sich (1708) (page does not exist)">Sich</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">Perevolochna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_XIIinvasion_of_Russia" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Charles_XII_invasion_of_Russia" title="Template:Campaignbox Charles XII invasion of Russia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Charles_XII_invasion_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Charles XII invasion of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Charles_XII_invasion_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Charles XII invasion of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_XIIinvasion_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Russia" title="Swedish invasion of Russia">Charles XII<br />invasion of Russia</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grodno_(1708)" title="Battle of Grodno (1708)">Grodno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holowczyn" title="Battle of Holowczyn">Holowczyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Neva_(1708)" title="Battle of the Neva (1708)">Neva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malatitze" title="Battle of Malatitze">Malatitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rajovka" title="Battle of Rajovka">Rajovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lesnaya" title="Battle of Lesnaya">Lesnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desna" title="Battle of Desna">Desna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baturyn" title="Sack of Baturyn">Baturyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koniecpol" title="Battle of Koniecpol">Koniecpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Veprik" title="Siege of Veprik">Veprik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oposhnya" title="Battle of Oposhnya">Oposhnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnokutsk%E2%80%93Gorodnoye" title="Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye">Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sokolki" title="Battle of Sokolki">Sokolki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">Perevolochna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Poltava</b><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (8 July 1709)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the decisive and largest battle of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>. The Russian army under the command of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter I</a> defeated the Swedish army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Rehnski%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld">Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld</a>. The battle put an end to the status of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a> as a European great power, as well as its eastbound expansion, and marked the beginning of Russian supremacy in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the course of six years in the initial stages of the war, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">King Charles XII</a> and the Swedish Empire had defeated almost all participants in the anti-Swedish coalition, which initially consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>. The latter, under <span class="nowrap">Tsar Peter I</span>, was the only one still fighting. Charles XII therefore chose to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Russia" title="Swedish invasion of Russia">invade Russia</a> in the autumn of 1707 and march towards <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> with a large Swedish army. However, the campaign was complicated by harsh weather conditions and by Russian <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a> tactics<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> and surprise attacks, which forced Charles XII to interrupt his march on Moscow and instead march south to establish winter quarters with the help of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hetman_of_Zaporizhian_Host" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetman of Zaporizhian Host">hetman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate Zaporizhian Host</a>. </p><p>After the extremely harsh <a href="/wiki/Great_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Frost">Great Frost</a> of 1708–1709, the weakened Swedish army resumed operations in the spring of 1709 and besieged the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, an important trading center and military depot on the <a href="/wiki/Vorskla" title="Vorskla">Vorskla</a>. Meanwhile, a numerically superior Russian army of 75,000–80,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commanded by Peter, advanced to Poltava to relieve the siege. The two armies clashed, and the Swedes were defeated and fled the battlefield. Charles and Mazepa retreated with 1,500 men south to the river <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>, which they crossed, thus managing to escape the Russians and established themselves in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 710">: 710 </span></sup> The rest of the army was forced to <a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">surrender to the Russians</a> at the village of <a href="/wiki/Perevolochna" title="Perevolochna">Perevolochna</a> on 11 July 1709.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Battle of Poltava, as well as the subsequent capitulation, ended in a decisive victory for Peter I and became the greatest military catastrophe in Swedish history.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It marked a turning point in the continuation of the war in favour of the anti-Swedish coalition, which as a result of the battle was revived and with renewed vigor attacked the weakened Swedish Empire on several fronts. Poltava thus marked the end of Sweden's time as the dominant power in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a>, a position which after the war was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. The battle is therefore of crucial importance in the history of Sweden as well as Russia and Ukraine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles XII had led Swedish forces to early victories in <a href="/wiki/North_Zealand" title="North Zealand">North Zealand</a> (Summer 1700) and in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1700)" title="Battle of Narva (1700)">Battle of Narva</a> in November 1700. However, it took six years for him to defeat <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong" title="Augustus II the Strong">Augustus II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a>-<a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 701, 703">: 701, 703 </span></sup> <span class="nowrap">Peter I</span> withdrew from Poland in the spring of 1706,<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 700">: 700 </span></sup> and offered to return the Baltic provinces of Sweden that Russia had occupied since 1703 - except for Ingria, where Peter had already started to build his intended new capital of St. Petersburg - but Charles refused.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 703">: 703 </span></sup> Peter subsequently adopted a <a href="/wiki/Scorched-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorched-earth">scorched-earth</a> policy in order to deprive the Swedish forces of supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> </p><p>Charles ordered a <a href="/wiki/Swedish_invasion_of_Russia" title="Swedish invasion of Russia">final attack</a> on the Russian heartland with a possible assault on <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> from his campaign base in Poland. The Swedish army of almost 44,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> left <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a> on 22 August 1707 and marched slowly eastwards. Charles took the field in November after waiting for reinforcements to arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> Continuing east, he crossed the <a href="/wiki/Vistula_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vistula River">Vistula River</a> on 25 December 1707, then continued through hostile <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a> and took <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Grodno</a> on 26 January 1708 after Russian troops had abandoned the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> At the time the Russians were occupied with a large rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a> (1707–1708). This revolt was contained in part by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> The Swedes continued to the area around <a href="/wiki/Smarhon" title="Smarhon">Smorgon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, where the army went into winter quarters. Charles left 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoons</a> under Major General <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Detlof_von_Krassow" title="Ernst Detlof von Krassow">Ernst Detlof von Krassow</a> in western Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poor weather and road conditions kept the Swedish troops in winter quarters until June 1708. In July the Swedes defeated Marshal <a href="/wiki/Boris_Sheremetyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Sheremetyev">Boris Sheremetyev</a>'s forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holowczyn" title="Battle of Holowczyn">Battle of Holowczyn</a> and advanced to the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper River">Dnieper River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 704">: 704 </span></sup> During the spring General <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ludwig_Lewenhaupt" title="Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt">Lewenhaupt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Courland" title="Courland">Courland</a> had been ordered to gather supplies and march his army of about 12,000 men to join Charles' forces. However, his departure from <a href="/wiki/Jelgava" title="Jelgava">Mitau</a> was delayed until late June and consequently he only joined Charles' forces on 11 October.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than winter in <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a> or wait for Lewenhaupt, Charles decided to move southwards into Ukraine and join Mazepa, who had decided to rebel against Peter.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 706">: 706 </span></sup> Peter sent <a href="/wiki/Boris_Sheremetev" title="Boris Sheremetev">Boris Sheremetev</a> to shadow the Swedish army.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 287">: 287 </span></sup> Lewenhaupt followed south and was attacked while crossing a river near a small village that gave its name to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lesnaya" title="Battle of Lesnaya">Battle of Lesnaya</a>, losing the supply train and half of his force.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 288">: 288 </span></sup> In need of resupply, Charles moved towards <a href="/wiki/Baturyn" title="Baturyn">Baturyn</a>, Mazepa's headquarters, but Russian troops under <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Menshikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Menshikov">Aleksandr Menshikov</a> reached the city first. Anticipating the Swedish arrival, Menshikov ordered the merciless <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baturyn" title="Sack of Baturyn">massacre of the population</a>, razing the city and destroying or looting arms, ammunition and food.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 288">: 288 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the spring of 1709, Charles' force had shrunk to half of its original size. After the <a href="/wiki/Great_Frost_of_1709" title="Great Frost of 1709">coldest winter in Europe in over 500 years</a>, Charles was left with 20,000 soldiers and 34 cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 707">: 707 </span></sup> Short of supplies, he laid siege to the Russian fortress at <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Vorskla_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorskla River">Vorskla River</a> on 2 May 1709.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 707–08">: 707–08 </span></sup> Peter's force of 80,000 marched to relieve the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 708">: 708 </span></sup> Upon his arrival, Peter built a fortified camp on the Vorskla, 4 km north of Poltava.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 290">: 290 </span></sup> While observing the Russian position on 20 June, Charles was struck in the foot by a stray bullet that wounded him so severely that he could not stand.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 289">: 289 </span></sup> In addition, Charles' last hope of reinforcement expired, as the Swedish forces under <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Detlof_von_Krassow" title="Ernst Detlof von Krassow">von Krassow</a> had turned aside to deal with the anti-Swedish <a href="/wiki/Sandomierz_Confederation" title="Sandomierz Confederation">Sandomierz Confederation</a> in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 289">: 289 </span></sup> </p><p>Between the Russian and Swedish forces the Yakovetski and Budyschenski woods formed a corridor, which the Russians defended by building six forts across the gap.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> Peter, in addition, ordered four more <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubts</a> built so the entire system of ten forts would have a <i>T</i> shape, providing <a href="/wiki/Flanking_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanking fire">flanking fire</a> to a Swedish advance.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> Two of the redoubts were still being constructed on the morning of the battle, but 4,000 Russians manned the remaining eight, with 10,000 cavalry under General <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Danilovich_Menshikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov">Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov</a> stationed behind them.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_attack">Swedish attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Swedish attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_of_Poltava.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Start_of_Poltava.gif/220px-Start_of_Poltava.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Start_of_Poltava.gif/330px-Start_of_Poltava.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Start_of_Poltava.gif/440px-Start_of_Poltava.gif 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Initial dispositions. The Swedish forces are in blue, while the Russian forces are in red</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of his wound, Charles turned over operational command to Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Rehnski%C3%B6ld" title="Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld">Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 289">: 289 </span></sup> Four columns of infantry and six columns of cavalry were to form during the night, 600 meters south of the redoubts, intending to attack before dawn in order to swiftly bypass the redoubt system and hit the Russian fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> The infantry was in place by 2:30 a.m. but the cavalry arrived late, having lost their way.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83">: 83 </span></sup> Riding forward, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Gyllenkrok" title="Axel Gyllenkrok">Axel Gyllenkrok</a> observed the Russians at work on the two nearest redoubts and rode back to inform Rehnskiöld.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83">: 83 </span></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Reconnoitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconnoitre">reconnoitre</a> by Major General <a href="/wiki/Wolmar_Anton_von_Schlippenbach" title="Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach">Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach</a> was discovered by the Russians and the alarm was sounded by the firing of a pistol.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84">: 84 </span></sup> Having lost the element of surprise, and without sufficient cannon to breach the fortifications, Rehnskiöld consulted with Charles, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Piper" title="Carl Piper">Carl Piper</a> and Lewenhaupt on whether or not to proceed with the assault.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> By the time Rehnskiöld decided to proceed with the attack by quoting, "In the name of God then, let us go forward", it was nearly 4:00 a.m. on 28 June (Swedish calendar) and dawn was already approaching.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91–92">: 91–92 </span></sup> The Swedes in <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Roos" title="Carl Gustaf Roos">Carl Gustaf Roos</a>' column quickly overran the first two redoubts, killing every Russian soldier inside them, but by 4:30 a.m. the attempts to take the third redoubt stalled.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 97–99">: 97–99 </span></sup> </p><p>Lewenhaupt's ten battalions on the right bypassed the first four redoubts entirely, advancing to the back line and, with the aid of cavalry, took some redoubts while bypassing others.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 96, 105, 108">: 96, 105, 108 </span></sup> Two of Roos' rear battalions joined them, indicating that issued orders lacked clarity as to whether to avoid the redoubts or attack them in series.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 94">: 94 </span></sup> The cavalry on the left wing, commanded by Major General Hamilton and an infantry regiment, advanced by passing the redoubts on the left and charged the Russian cavalry, forcing them to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105">: 105 </span></sup> It was 5:00 a.m. when the left and right wings of the Swedish army made it past the back line of redoubts, sending the Russian cavalry in retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 106, 108">: 106, 108 </span></sup> However, Rehnskiöld ordered his cavalry to stop their pursuit and Lewenhaupt, already advancing towards the fort, to withdraw to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108–09">: 108–09 </span></sup> There they awaited Roos' battalions for two hours, while the Russian cavalry and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Skoropadsky" title="Ivan Skoropadsky">Ivan Skoropadsky</a>'s Cossacks waited to the north, with 13 Russian battalions deployed north of their camp and ten to the south, anticipating a Swedish advance.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_advance">Russian advance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Russian advance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg/250px-Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg/375px-Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg/500px-Lomonosov_Poltava_1762_1764.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="2063" /></a><figcaption><i>The Battle of Poltava</i>, mosaic by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>General Roos and six battalions (one-third of the Swedish infantry) became isolated while attempting to take the third Russian redoubt.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110">: 110 </span></sup> After suffering severe casualties from several assault attempts, Roos led the remaining 1,500 of his original 2,600 men into the Yakovetski woods to the east at 6:00 a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 114">: 114 </span></sup> The Russians reoccupied the first two redoubts<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> and launched a two-pronged attack by ten regiments around 7:00 a.m., forcing Roos to retreat towards Poltava and take refuge in an abandoned fort by 9:00 a.m. when he could not make it to the Swedish siege works.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 118–19, 127, 132">: 118–19, 127, 132 </span></sup> Roos was forced to surrender<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 290">: 290 </span></sup> at 9:30 a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 134">: 134 </span></sup> </p><p>The Swedes continued to wait for Roos' troops to return, unaware of their surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 292">: 292 </span></sup> Peter led the 42 battalions of Russian infantry—22,000 soldiers—into an advance out of the fortified camp, supported by 55 three-pounder cannons and 32 guns on the ramparts of the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129, 138–39">: 129, 138–39 </span></sup> Ten regiments of <a href="/wiki/Dragoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoons">dragoons</a> formed under Lieutenant General Adolf Fredrik Bauer on the Russian right and six regiments under Menshikov on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 139">: 139 </span></sup> Just west of the camp the Russians were faced by 4,000 Swedish infantry,<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 292">: 292 </span></sup> formed into ten battalions with four three-pounders, and the cavalry under Major General <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Creutz" title="Carl Gustaf Creutz">Carl Gustaf Creutz</a> in the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> The Russians slowly moved forward to engage.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> According to Charles and reports from other Swedish officers, the weather at that time was already very hot and humid, with the sun obscured by smoke from the Russian cannons in the fort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turning_point">Turning point</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turning point"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg/300px-Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg/450px-Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg/600px-Engraving_of_the_battle_of_Poltava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6996" data-file-height="5754" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of the Battle of Poltava</figcaption></figure> <p>At 09:45, Rehnskiöld ordered Lewenhaupt and the Swedish line to move forward, advancing towards the Russian line, which started firing its cannons at 500 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 147, 151">: 147, 151 </span></sup> When the Swedes were 50 meters from the Russian line, the Russians opened fire with their muskets from all four ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 155">: 155 </span></sup> Advancing to within 30 meters of the Russian line, the Swedes fired a volley of their own and charged with their muskets and pikemen, and the Russian first line retreated towards their second line.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> The Swedes seemed to be on the verge of a breakthrough and needed the cavalry under Creutz to break the Russian lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> Unfortunately for the Swedes, Creutz's and the other cavalry units were unable to reform completely in time.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 292">: 292 </span></sup> With the Russian line longer than the Swedish line, the Swedish infantry on the left flank lagged behind the right and finally threw down their weapons and fled.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 159">: 159 </span></sup> As the Swedish right flank was still advancing, a gap began to open in the Swedish line which the Russians filled and the battle turned into a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a> variation.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 165">: 165 </span></sup> Barely able to gather his cavalry squadrons, Creutz tried to advance on the right flank, but the Russian battalions were able to form into <a href="/wiki/Infantry_square" title="Infantry square">hollow squares</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158">: 158 </span></sup> while Menshikov's cavalry outflanked the Swedes and attacked them from the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 160">: 160 </span></sup> At this point the Swedish assault had disintegrated and no longer had organized bodies of troops to oppose the Russian infantry or cavalry. Small groups of soldiers managed to break through and escape to the south through the Budyschenski woods, while many of the rest were overwhelmed, ridden down or captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_retreat">Swedish retreat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Swedish retreat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_(Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png/250px-Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png/375px-Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png/500px-Carl_XII_i_slaget_vid_Pultava_%28Carl_Andreas_Dahlstr%C3%B6m%29.png 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><i>Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava</i> by Carl Andreas Dahlström</figcaption></figure> <p>Realizing they were the last Swedes on the battlefield, Charles ordered a retreat to the woods, gathering what remaining forces he could for protection, including the remnants of Creutz's detachment.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 175, 180">: 175, 180 </span></sup> The Russians halted at the edge of the woods and their artillery fire stopped; only the Cossacks and <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a> roamed the plains south of the woods.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 189, 192">: 189, 192 </span></sup> Emerging from the woods at around noon, Charles—on horseback after his litter was destroyed, and protected by a square of a couple of thousand men—headed to Pushkaryovka and his baggage train 5 km to the south, reaching it after 1:00 p.m., by which time the battle was over.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194">: 194 </span></sup> </p><p>Charles gathered the remainder of his troops and baggage train and retreated to the south later that same day—at about 7:00 p.m., abandoning the siege of Poltava.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 197, 210">: 197, 210 </span></sup> Lewenhaupt led the surviving Swedes and some of the Cossack forces to the Dnieper River, but was doggedly pursued by the Russian regular cavalry and 3,000 Kalmyk auxiliaries and forced to <a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">surrender three days later at Perevolochna</a> on 11 July.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Perevolochna" title="Surrender at Perevolochna">Surrender at Perevolochna</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue,_1862,_Hermitage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG/300px-%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG/450px-%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG/600px-%27The_Victory_at_Poltava%27_by_Alexander_Evstafyevich_Kotzebue%2C_1862%2C_Hermitage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption><i>The victory at Poltava by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kotzebue" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Kotzebue">Alexander Kotzebue</a>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>High-ranking Swedes captured during the battle included Field Marshal Rehnskiöld, Major Generals Schlippenbach, <a href="/wiki/Berndt_Otto_Stackelberg" title="Berndt Otto Stackelberg">Stackelberg</a>, Hamilton and Prince Maximilian Emanuel, as well as Piper.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 199, 203">: 199, 203 </span></sup> Peter the Great held a celebratory banquet in two large tents erected on the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 202">: 202 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> assumed Peter's reason for this, in raising a toast to the Swedish generals as war masters, was to send a message to his own generals about disloyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-Voltaire_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voltaire-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108">: 108 </span></sup> Two mass graves contained the Russian dead, 500 meters southwest of their camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund_42-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 205">: 205 </span></sup> Previously when defeating Peter, Charles had gone so far as to pay the Russian troops. Peter instead took many Swedes, with great pride, and sent them to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Voltaire_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voltaire-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107">: 107 </span></sup> </p><p>Charles and Mazepa escaped with about 1,500 men to <a href="/wiki/Bendery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendery">Bendery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian Principality">Moldavia</a>, then controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_34-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 710">: 710 </span></sup> Charles spent five years in exile there before he was able to return to Sweden in December 1715.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_41-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 295">: 295 </span></sup> During this time, even handicapped, he retained his magisterial calm demeanor under fire, fighting his way out of several situations. The high <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> of the Turks was eventually paid off, with much intrigue and espionage involved and plots within plots, at one point involving a ransom of the Russian crown jewels, according to Charles' prison translator.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also 27 June 1709 in <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> and 28 June 1709 in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish calendar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">About 2,000 sick and injured in soldiers were standing in the Pushkarivka camp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">24,392 Swedish regulars<br />  (13,000 cavalry<br />     11,000 infantry)<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 6,000 irregulars<br />  1,000 Polish <a href="/wiki/Chor%C4%85giew_(military_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorągiew (military unit)">Vlach cavalry</a><br />    3,000–7,000 Cossacks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The exact numbers of <a href="/wiki/Mazepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazepa">Mazepa</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhian_Cossacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaporizhian Cossacks">Zaporizhian Cossacks</a> is unknown but are usually given to 3,000 up to 7,000. They were stationed in the Pushkarivka camp and did not participate in the battle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">8,700 infantry<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />7,800 cavalry<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">52,100 Russian regulars<br />  (33,500 infantry<br />     18,600 cavalry)<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />23,000 irregulars<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />  (Cossacks and Kalmyks,<br />   3,000 <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a> arrived   at the end of the battle)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">24,500 infantry<br />14,600 dragoons<sup id="cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />3,000 Kalmyks<sup id="cite_ref-SovietArchivesArmies_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SovietArchivesArmies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><i>Swedish accounts:</i> 6,900 killed and wounded, 2,800 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuvaya_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuvaya-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Russian accounts:</i> 9,234 killed, 2,864–2,977 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncofUkraine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncofUkraine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Others accounts:</i> 7,800 killed and 2,977 captured<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014432_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014432-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><i>Official accounts:</i> 1,345 killed, 3,290 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuvaya_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuvaya-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncofUkraine_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncofUkraine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Other accounts:</i> 5,953 killed and wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Slaget vid Poltava</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Полта́вская би́тва</span>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Полта́вська би́тва</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">28 June according to the then-used Swedish calendar; 27 June in the Julian calendar; 8 July in the Gregorian (modern) calendar.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMackiw2008" class="citation web cs1">Mackiw, Theodore (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoltavaBattleof.htm">"Poltava, Battle of"</a>. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poltava%2C+Battle+of&rft.pub=Canadian+Institute+of+Ukrainian+Studies.&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mackiw&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CP%255CO%255CPoltavaBattleof.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014297–300-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014297–300_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrotov2014">Krotov 2014</a>, pp. 297–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ericson, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r8YKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38"><i>Istorīia Petra Velikago</i></a>, by Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoi, 1843, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poltava_1709-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poltava_1709_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoltusov2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moltusov, Valerij Aleksejevitj (2009). <i>Poltava 1709: Vändpunkten</i> (in Swedish). SMB. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-85789-75-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-85789-75-7"><bdi>978-91-85789-75-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poltava+1709%3A+V%C3%A4ndpunkten&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=SMB&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-91-85789-75-7&rft.aulast=Moltusov&rft.aufirst=Valerij+Aleksejevitj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SovietArchivesArmies-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SovietArchivesArmies_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SovietArchivesArmies_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://war1960.narod.ru/nwtime/Poltava_sostav.html">О составе русской и шведской армий в Полтавском сражении</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006033047/http://war1960.narod.ru/nwtime/Poltava_sostav.html">Archived</a> 2019-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SovietArchivesArmies_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SovietArchivesArmies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014271-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014271_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrotov2014">Krotov 2014</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014273-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014273_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrotov2014">Krotov 2014</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlaeser2020117_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlaeser2020">Glaeser 2020</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Englund (1988), p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuvaya-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuvaya_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuvaya_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span> Christer Kuvaja: <i>Karolinska krigare 1660–1721</i>, p. 192. <a href="/wiki/Schildts_F%C3%B6rlags_Ab" class="mw-redirect" title="Schildts Förlags Ab">Schildts Förlags Ab</a> 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9515018236" title="Special:BookSources/978-9515018236">978-9515018236</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Wilson2009" class="citation journal cs1">Derek Wilson (9 March 2009). "Poltava: the Battle that Changed the World". <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i>. <b>59</b> (3). London: 23–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Poltava%3A+the+Battle+that+Changed+the+World&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=23-29&rft.date=2009-03-09&rft.au=Derek+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://battles.h1.ru/poltava.shtml">Битва под Полтавой</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050225001544/http://battles.h1.ru/poltava.shtml">Archived</a> 2005-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncofUkraine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncofUkraine_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncofUkraine_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/P/O/PoltavaBattleof.htm">"Poltava, Battle of"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poltava%2C+Battle+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fpages%2FP%2FO%2FPoltavaBattleof.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFVtcbTYRkMC&pg=PA355"><i>Istorīia Petra Velikago</i></a>, p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014432-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrotov2014432_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrotov2014">Krotov 2014</a>, p. 432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. pp. 301–02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Field, J. F. (1 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Poltava">"Battle of Poltava"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Poltava&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBattle-of-Poltava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_34-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tucker, S.C., 2010, A Global Chronology of Conflict, Vol. Two, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-667-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-667-1">978-1-85109-667-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Field, J. F. (1 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Poltava">"Battle of Poltava"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Poltava&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBattle-of-Poltava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2015" class="citation web cs1">Wright, E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192807007.001.0001/acref-9780192807007-e-2940.">"Poltava, Battle of"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford Reference</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+World+History+%282+ed.%29&rft.atitle=Poltava%2C+Battle+of&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192807007.001.0001%2Facref-9780192807007-e-2940.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnakenbourg2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schnakenbourg, Eric (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118885154.dipl0110">"Great Northern War (1700–21)"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118885154.dipl0110">10.1002/9781118885154.dipl0110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118887912" title="Special:BookSources/9781118887912"><bdi>9781118887912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Northern+War+%281700%E2%80%9321%29&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Diplomacy&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118885154.dipl0110&rft.isbn=9781118887912&rft.aulast=Schnakenbourg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2F9781118885154.dipl0110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christer Kuvaja: <i>Karolinska krigare 1660–1721</i>, p. 179. <a href="/wiki/Schildts_F%C3%B6rlags_Ab" class="mw-redirect" title="Schildts Förlags Ab">Schildts Förlags Ab</a> 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-50-1823-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-50-1823-6">978-951-50-1823-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christer Kuvaja: <i>Karolinska krigare 1660–1721</i>, pp. 180–85. <a href="/wiki/Schildts_F%C3%B6rlags_Ab" class="mw-redirect" title="Schildts Förlags Ab">Schildts Förlags Ab</a> 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-50-1823-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-50-1823-6">978-951-50-1823-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frost-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_41-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frost, R. I., 2000, The Northern Wars, 1558–1721, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4">978-0-582-06429-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englund-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund_42-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Englund, P., 1992, The Battle that Shook Europe, London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-476-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-476-4">978-1-78076-476-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voltaire-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voltaire_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voltaire_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Voltaire, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/voltaireshistory00voltuoft/voltaireshistory00voltuoft_djvu.txt">The History of Charles XII, King of Sweden</a> (1908)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich Ernst von Fabrice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genuinelettersb00fabrgoog">The Genuine Letters of Baron Fabricius Envoy from His Serene Highness the Duke Administrator of Holstein to Charles XII of Sweden</a> (1761)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerfelt1740" class="citation book cs1">Adlerfelt, G. (1740). <i>The Military History of Charles XII, King of Sweden, Written by the Express Order of His Majesty</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+History+of+Charles+XII%2C+King+of+Sweden%2C+Written+by+the+Express+Order+of+His+Majesty&rft.date=1740&rft.aulast=Adlerfelt&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brown, Peter B. "Gazing Anew at Poltava: Perspectives from the Military Revolution Controversy, Comparative History, and Decision-Making Doctrines." <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 31.1/4 (2009): 107–133. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756499">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglund1988" class="citation book cs1">Englund, Peter (1988). <i>Poltava: berättelsen om en armés undergång</i>. Atlantis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7486-834-9" title="Special:BookSources/91-7486-834-9"><bdi>91-7486-834-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poltava%3A+ber%C3%A4ttelsen+om+en+arm%C3%A9s+underg%C3%A5ng&rft.pub=Atlantis&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=91-7486-834-9&rft.aulast=Englund&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglund2003" class="citation book cs1">Englund, Peter (2003). <i>The Battle that Shook Europe: Poltava and the Birth of the Russian Empire</i>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-847-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-847-9"><bdi>1-86064-847-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+that+Shook+Europe%3A+Poltava+and+the+Birth+of+the+Russian+Empire&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-86064-847-9&rft.aulast=Englund&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ericson, Lars (2004). <i>Svenska slagfält</i> (in Swedish). Wahlström & Widstrand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-46-21087-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-46-21087-3"><bdi>91-46-21087-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Svenska+slagf%C3%A4lt&rft.pub=Wahlstr%C3%B6m+%26+Widstrand&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=91-46-21087-3&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Frost, Robert I. "' Everyone understood what it meant': The Impact of the Battle of Poltava on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth." <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 31.1/4 (2009): 159–176 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756501">online</a>.</li> <li>Gerner, Kristian. "The Battle of Poltava as a Realm of Memory and a Bone of Contention." <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 31.1/4 (2009): 679–693 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756520">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHrushevskyi,_Mykhailo" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevskyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykhailo Hrushevskyi">Hrushevskyi, Mykhailo</a>. <i>Illjustrirovannaja istorija Ukrainy s priloženijami i dopolnenijami</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illjustrirovannaja+istorija+Ukrainy+s+prilo%C5%BEenijami+i+dopolnenijami&rft.au=Hrushevskyi%2C+Mykhailo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kamenskii, Alexander. "The Battle of Poltava in Russian Historical Memory." <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 31.1/4 (2009): 195–204 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756503">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstam1994" class="citation book cs1">Konstam, Angus (1994). <i>Poltava 1709: Russia Comes of Age</i>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-416-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-416-4"><bdi>1-85532-416-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poltava+1709%3A+Russia+Comes+of+Age&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85532-416-4&rft.aulast=Konstam&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>LeDonne, John. "Poltava and the geopolitics of Western Eurasia." <i>Harvard Ukrainian Studies</i> 31.1/4 (2009): 177–191 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756502">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassie1980" class="citation book cs1">Massie, Robert K. (1980). <i>Peter the Great: his Life and World</i>. Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-29806-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-29806-5"><bdi>978-0-345-29806-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+the+Great%3A+his+Life+and+World&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-345-29806-5&rft.aulast=Massie&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span>. popular history</li> <li>Plokhy, Serhii, ed. <i>Poltava 1709: The Battle and the Myth</i> (Harvard University Press, 2012). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelychenko" class="citation book cs1">Velychenko, Stephen. <i>The Battle of Poltava and the Decline of Cossack-Ukraine in light of Russian and English methods of rule in their Borderlands (1707–1914)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Poltava+and+the+Decline+of+Cossack-Ukraine+in+light+of+Russian+and+English+methods+of+rule+in+their+Borderlands+%281707%E2%80%931914%29&rft.aulast=Velychenko&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historians.in.ua/index.php/doslidzhennya/326-stephen-velychenko-the-battle-of-poltava-and-the-decline-of-cossack-ukraine-in-light-of-russian-and-english-methods-of-rule-in-their-borderlands-1707-1914">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoltaire2013" class="citation book cs1">Voltaire (2013). <i>Voltaire's History of Charles the XII King of Sweden</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-230-36298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-230-36298-4"><bdi>978-1-230-36298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voltaire%27s+History+of+Charles+the+XII+King+of+Sweden&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-230-36298-4&rft.au=Voltaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_Fabrice" class="citation book cs1">Von Fabrice, Friedrich. <i>The Genuine Letters of Baron Fabricius Envoy from his Serene Highness the Duke Administrator of Holstein to Charles Xii. of Sweden</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5871371343" title="Special:BookSources/978-5871371343"><bdi>978-5871371343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genuine+Letters+of+Baron+Fabricius+Envoy+from+his+Serene+Highness+the+Duke+Administrator+of+Holstein+to+Charles+Xii.+of+Sweden&rft.isbn=978-5871371343&rft.aulast=Von+Fabrice&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgorshinaPetrova2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Egorshina, O.; Petrova, A. (2023). <bdi lang="ru">История русской армии</bdi> [<i>The history of the Russian Army</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-699-42397-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-699-42397-2"><bdi>978-5-699-42397-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Edition+of+the+Russian+Imperial+Library&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-5-699-42397-2&rft.aulast=Egorshina&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Petrova%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrotov2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krotov, Pavel (2014). <bdi lang="ru">Полтавская битва: начало великой России</bdi> [<i>Battle of Poltava: the beginning of great Russia</i>] (in Russian). Лики. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-903672-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-903672-13-4"><bdi>978-5-903672-13-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-903672-13-4&rft.aulast=Krotov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaeser2020" class="citation book cs1">Glaeser, Michel (2020). <i>By Defeating my Enemies: Charles XII of Sweden and Great Northern War</i>. Helion & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-913336-46-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-913336-46-2"><bdi>978-1-913336-46-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Defeating+my+Enemies%3A+Charles+XII+of+Sweden+and+Great+Northern+War&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-913336-46-2&rft.aulast=Glaeser&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Poltava" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_notes">Secondary notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Secondary notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Besieging Poltava:</b> 1,100 to 3,000 infantry<br />200 cavalry <a href="#CITEREFEgorshinaPetrova2023">Egorshina & Petrova 2023</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Garrison of Poltava:</b><br />4,200 infantry<br />2,000 Cossacks and 28 cannons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The number of dead may rise to 1,572, then the total losses will be 4,863 <a href="#CITEREFKrotov2014">Krotov 2014</a>, p. 420</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div 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Russia 1709–1714</a> by Bertil Haggman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/P/O/PoltavaBattleof.htm">Battle of Poltava</a> on the Encyclopedia of Ukraine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714235830/http://hastur.net/wiki/The_Russian_Force">Russian Order at Battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184752/http://hastur.net/wiki/The_Swedish_Force">Swedish Order at Battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13018337">Voltaire's History of Charles XII King of Sweden</a> by Voltaire</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bitva u Poltavy (1709 : Poltava, Ukrajina)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph412800&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563151505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/3b64f86d-45fb-446b-8e1c-9f32033fdbde">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\P\O\PoltavaBattleof">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&oldid=1259245939">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Poltava&oldid=1259245939</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Poltava" title="Category:Battle of Poltava">Battle of Poltava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Great_Northern_War" title="Category:Battles of the Great Northern War">Battles of the Great Northern War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1709" title="Category:Conflicts in 1709">Conflicts in 1709</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1709_in_Russia" title="Category:1709 in Russia">1709 in Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1709_in_Europe" title="Category:1709 in Europe">1709 in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Category:Battles involving the Tsardom of Russia">Battles involving the Tsardom of Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Sweden" title="Category:Battles involving Sweden">Battles involving Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1709_in_Ukraine" title="Category:1709 in Ukraine">1709 in Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Cossack_Hetmanate" 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