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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptation_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptation_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptation in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptation_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partial_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partial_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Partial bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partial_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kip Thorne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="كيب ثورن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيب ثورن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="کیپ تورن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیپ تورن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="কিপ থর্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিপ থর্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кіп Торн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіп Торн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кип Торн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кип Торн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%80_%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD" title="Κιπ Θορν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιπ Θορν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="کیپ تورن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیپ تورن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%B5_%EC%86%90" title="킵 손 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킵 손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D6%83_%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6" title="Քիփ Թորն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիփ Թորն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Stephen_Thorne" title="Kip Stephen Thorne – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kip Stephen Thorne" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%AA%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="קיפ ת'ורן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיפ ת'ורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კიპ თორნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიპ თორნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Stephen_Thorne" title="Kip Stephen Thorne – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kip Stephen Thorne" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кип Торн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кип Торн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="കിപ് തോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിപ് തോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="كيب ثورن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيب ثورن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="کیپ تورن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیپ تورن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="キップ・ソーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キップ・ソーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_S._Thorne" title="Kip S. Thorne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kip S. Thorne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Stephen_Thorne" title="Kip Stephen Thorne – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kip Stephen Thorne" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Торн, Кип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торн, Кип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Stephen_Thorne" title="Kip Stephen Thorne – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kip Stephen Thorne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кип Торн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кип Торн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கிப் தோர்ன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிப் தோர்ன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кип Торн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кип Торн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кіп Торн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіп Торн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%81%A9" title="基普·索恩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基普·索恩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Kip Thorne" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%81%A9" title="基普·索恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基普·索恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American physicist and writer (born 1940)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kip Thorne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg/220px-Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg/330px-Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg/440px-Kip_Thorne_in_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="9720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Thorne in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Kip Stephen Thorne</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-06-01</span>) </span>June 1, 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 84)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan, Utah</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Gravitation_(book)" title="Gravitation (book)">Gravitation</a></i> (1973)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">Gravitational-wave astronomy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hoop_conjecture" title="Hoop conjecture">Hoop conjecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Membrane_paradigm" title="Membrane paradigm">Membrane paradigm</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_ring" title="Roman ring">Roman arch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hartle%E2%80%93Thorne_metric" title="Hartle–Thorne metric">Hartle–Thorne metric</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93Hawking%E2%80%93Preskill_bet" title="Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet">Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93%C5%BBytkow_object" title="Thorne–Żytkow object">Thorne-Żytkow object</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Linda Jean Peterson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1960; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1977)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Carolee Joyce Winstein</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1984)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lilienfeld_Prize" title="Lilienfeld Prize">Lilienfeld Prize</a> (1996)<br /><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gruber_Prize_in_Cosmology" title="Gruber Prize in Cosmology">Gruber Prize in Cosmology</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess of Asturias Award">Princess of Asturias Award</a> (2017)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (2017)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Thomas_Prize" title="Lewis Thomas Prize">Lewis Thomas Prize</a> (2018)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational physics">Gravitational physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/302136891/">Geometrodynamics of cylindrical systems</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1965)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Burke" title="William L. Burke">William L. Burke</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlton_M._Caves" title="Carlton M. Caves">Carlton M. Caves</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lee_Samuel_Finn" title="Lee Samuel Finn">Lee Samuel Finn</a><br /><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_J._Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Sándor J. Kovács">Sándor J. Kovács</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_L._Lee" title="David L. Lee">David L. Lee</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lightman" title="Alan Lightman">Alan Lightman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Don_Page_(physicist)" title="Don Page (physicist)">Don N. Page</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_H._Press" title="William H. Press">William H. Press</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Price" title="Richard H. Price">Richard H. Price</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bernard_F._Schutz" title="Bernard F. Schutz">Bernard F. Schutz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Suyu" title="Sherry Suyu">Sherry Suyu</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Saul_Teukolsky" title="Saul Teukolsky">Saul Teukolsky</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Martin_Will" title="Clifford Martin Will">Clifford Martin Will</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kip Stephen Thorne</b> (born June 1, 1940) is an American <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writer</a> known for his contributions in <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravitational physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry C. Barish">Barry C. Barish</a>, he was awarded the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for his contributions to the <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> detector and the observation of <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">gravitational waves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20171003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20171003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20171003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20171003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20171003dk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20171003dk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A longtime friend and colleague of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>, he was the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a> Professor of Theoretical Physics at the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech) until 2009<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and speaks of the astrophysical implications of <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">the general theory of relativity</a>. He continues to do scientific research and scientific consulting, a notable example of which was for the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_(Les_Houches_Physics_School)_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg/240px-%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg/360px-%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg/480px-%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches_%28Les_Houches_Physics_School%29_main_lecture_hall_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3141" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Discussion in the main lecture hall at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches" class="mw-redirect" title="École de Physique des Houches">École de Physique des Houches</a> (Les Houches Physics School), 1972. From left, <a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Yuval Ne'eman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryce_DeWitt" title="Bryce DeWitt">Bryce DeWitt</a>, Thorne, <a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Christodoulou" title="Demetrios Christodoulou">Demetrios Christodoulou</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thorne was born on June 1, 1940, in <a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan, Utah</a>. His father, D. Wynne Thorne (1908–1979), was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Soil_chemistry" title="Soil chemistry">soil chemistry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_University" title="Utah State University">Utah State University</a>, and his mother, Alison (née Comish; 1914–2004), was an economist and the first woman to receive a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in economics from <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised in an academic environment, two of his four siblings also became professors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorne's parents were members of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) and raised Thorne in the LDS faith, though he now describes himself as <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>. Regarding his views on science and religion, Thorne has stated: "There are large numbers of my finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God .... There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and religion. I happen to not believe in God."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thorne rapidly excelled at academics early in life, winning recognition in the <a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Science_Talent_Search" title="Regeneron Science Talent Search">Westinghouse Science Talent Search</a> as a senior at <a href="/wiki/Logan_High_School_(Utah)" title="Logan High School (Utah)">Logan High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in physics degree from the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech) in 1962, and his master and PhD in physics from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1964 and 1965 under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral dissertation">doctoral dissertation</a> entitled "<a href="/wiki/Geometrodynamics" title="Geometrodynamics">Geometrodynamics</a> of Cylindrical Systems".<sup id="cite_ref-thesis-thorne-1965_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-thorne-1965-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thorne returned to Caltech as an associate professor in 1967 and became a professor of theoretical physics in 1970, becoming one of the youngest full professors in the history of Caltech at age 30. He became the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor in 1981, and the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> Professor of Theoretical Physics in 1991. He was an adjunct professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> from 1971 to 1998 and Andrew D. White Professor at Large at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> from 1986 to 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2009, he resigned his Feynman Professorship (he is now the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, Emeritus) to pursue a career of writing and movie making.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title=" (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His first film project was <i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a></i>, on which he worked with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan" title="Jonathan Nolan">Jonathan Nolan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the years, Thorne has served as a mentor and thesis advisor to many leading theorists who now work on observational, experimental, or astrophysical aspects of general relativity. Approximately 50 physicists have received PhDs at Caltech under Thorne's personal mentorship.<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thorne is known for his ability to convey the excitement and significance of discoveries in gravitation and astrophysics to both professional and lay audiences. His presentations on subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black holes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational radiation">gravitational radiation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">relativity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">time travel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wormhole" title="Wormhole">wormholes</a> have been included in <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> shows in the U.S. and on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Thorne and Linda Jean Peterson married in 1960. Their children are Kares Anne and Bret Carter, an architect. Thorne and Peterson divorced in 1977. Thorne and his second wife, Carolee Joyce Winstein, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Kinesiology" title="Kinesiology">biokinesiology</a> and physical therapy at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">USC</a>, married in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne_CV_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne_CV-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kip_S._Thorne,_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg/220px-Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg/330px-Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg/440px-Kip_S._Thorne%2C_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1531" /></a><figcaption>Thorne in 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>Thorne's research has principally focused on <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">relativistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics#Theoretical_astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravitation physics</a>, with emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Relativistic_star" title="Relativistic star">relativistic stars</a>, black holes and especially <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational waves">gravitational waves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is perhaps best known to the public for his controversial theory that wormholes can conceivably be used for time travel.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Thorne's scientific contributions, which center on the general nature of <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a>, time, and <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>, span the full range of topics in general relativity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravitational_waves_and_LIGO">Gravitational waves and LIGO</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gravitational waves and LIGO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorne's work has dealt with the prediction of gravitational wave strengths and their temporal signatures as observed on Earth. These "signatures" are of great relevance to <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> (Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory), a multi-institution gravitational wave experiment for which Thorne has been a leading proponent – in 1984, he cofounded the LIGO Project (the largest project ever funded by the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">NSF</a><sup id="cite_ref-NSFcost_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSFcost-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to discern and measure any fluctuations between two or more 'static' points; such fluctuations would be evidence of gravitational waves, as calculations describe. A significant aspect of his research is developing the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> necessary to analyze these objects.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorne also carries out <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> design analyses for features of the LIGO that cannot be developed on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experiment</a> and he gives advice on <a href="/wiki/Data_analysis" title="Data analysis">data analysis</a> <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a> by which the waves will be sought. He has provided theoretical support for LIGO, including identifying gravitational wave sources that LIGO should target, designing the baffles to control <a href="/wiki/Scattering" title="Scattering">scattered light</a> in the LIGO beam tubes, and – in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Braginsky" title="Vladimir Braginsky">Vladimir Braginsky</a>'s (Moscow, Russia) research group – inventing <a href="/wiki/Quantum_Nondemolition_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum Nondemolition measurement">quantum nondemolition</a> designs for advanced gravity-wave detectors and ways to reduce the most serious kind of <a href="/wiki/Noise" title="Noise">noise</a> in advanced detectors: <a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise" title="Johnson–Nyquist noise">thermoelastic noise</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Carlton_M._Caves" title="Carlton M. Caves">Carlton M. Caves</a>, Thorne invented the back-action-evasion approach to quantum nondemolition measurements of the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator" title="Harmonic oscillator">harmonic oscillators</a> – a technique applicable both in gravitational wave detection and <a href="/wiki/Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics">quantum optics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 11, 2016, a team of four physicists<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing the <a href="/wiki/LIGO_Scientific_Collaboration" title="LIGO Scientific Collaboration">LIGO Scientific Collaboration</a>, announced that in September 2015, LIGO recorded the signature of two black holes colliding 1.3 billion light-years away. This recorded detection was the first direct observation of the <a href="/wiki/First_observation_of_gravitational_waves" title="First observation of gravitational waves">fleeting chirp of a gravitational wave</a> and confirmed a prediction of the general theory of relativity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PRL-20160211_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRL-20160211-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Naeye_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naeye-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11Feb16_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature_11Feb16-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_hole_cosmology">Black hole cosmology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Black hole cosmology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hoop_conjecture" title="Hoop conjecture">Hoop conjecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg/200px-Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg/300px-Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg/400px-Cylindrical_Bundle_of_Magnetic_Field_Lines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>A cylindrical bundle of magnetic field lines</figcaption></figure> <p>While studying for his PhD at Princeton University, his mentor <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a> assigned him a problem to think about: find out whether or not a cylindrical bundle of repulsive magnetic field lines will implode under its own attractive gravitational force. After several months wrestling with the problem, he proved that it was impossible for cylindrical <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a> lines to <a href="/wiki/Implosion_(mechanical_process)" title="Implosion (mechanical process)">implode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne1994_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 262–265">: 262–265 </span></sup> </p><p>Why won't a cylindrical bundle of magnetic field lines implode, while spherical stars <i>will</i> implode under their own gravitational force? Thorne tried to explore the theoretical ridge between these two phenomena. He eventually determined that the gravitational force can overcome all interior pressure only when an object has been compressed in all directions. To express this realization, Thorne proposed his <a href="/wiki/Hoop_conjecture" title="Hoop conjecture">hoop conjecture</a>, which describes an imploding star turning into a black hole when the critical circumference of the designed hoop can be placed around it and set into rotation. That is, any object of mass M around which a hoop of circumference <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {4\pi GM}{c^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {4\pi GM}{c^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/617004fcdccf692ddec46c2c04e02d756dff05b6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.37ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {4\pi GM}{c^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}"></span> can be spun must be a black hole.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne1994_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 266–267">: 266–267 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FrolovNovikov2012_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrolovNovikov2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 189–190">: 189–190 </span></sup> </p><p>As a tool to be used in both enterprises — astrophysics and theoretical physics — Thorne and his students have developed an unusual approach, called the "<a href="/wiki/Membrane_paradigm" title="Membrane paradigm">membrane paradigm</a>", to the theory of black holes and used it to clarify the <a href="/wiki/Blandford%E2%80%93Znajek_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandford–Znajek mechanism">Blandford–Znajek mechanism</a> by which black holes may power some <a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Active galactic nuclei">active galactic nuclei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne1994_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 405–411">: 405–411 </span></sup> </p><p>Thorne has investigated the <a href="/wiki/Quantum" title="Quantum">quantum</a> <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanical</a> origin of the <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a> of a black hole. With his <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoc</a> Wojciech Zurek, he showed that the entropy of a black hole is the <a href="/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">logarithm</a> of the number of ways that the hole could have been made.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne1994_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 445–446">: 445–446 </span></sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Igor_Dmitriyevich_Novikov" title="Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov">Igor Novikov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Page_(physicist)" title="Don Page (physicist)">Don Page</a>, he developed the general relativistic theory of thin <a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">accretion disks</a> around black holes, and using this theory he deduced that with a doubling of its mass by such <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accretion</a> a black hole will be spun up to 0.998 of the maximum <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a> allowed by general relativity, but not any farther. This is probably the maximum black-hole spin allowed in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-its.caltech.edu_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its.caltech.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wormholes_and_time_travel">Wormholes and time travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wormholes and time travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wormhole-demo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wormhole-demo.png/200px-Wormhole-demo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wormhole-demo.png/300px-Wormhole-demo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wormhole-demo.png/400px-Wormhole-demo.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A wormhole is a short cut connecting two separate regions in space. In the figure the green line shows the short way through wormhole, and the red line shows the long way through normal space.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thorne and his co-workers at Caltech conducted scientific research on whether the laws of physics permit space and time to be <a href="/wiki/Simply_connected_space" title="Simply connected space">multiply connected</a> (can there exist classical, <a href="/wiki/Wormhole#Traversable_wormholes" title="Wormhole">traversable wormholes</a> and "time machines"?).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Sung-Won Kim, Thorne identified a universal physical mechanism (the explosive growth of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_polarization" title="Vacuum polarization">vacuum polarization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Field_(physics)#Quantum_fields" title="Field (physics)">quantum fields</a>), that may always prevent spacetime from developing <a href="/wiki/Closed_timelike_curve" title="Closed timelike curve">closed timelike curves</a> (i.e., prevent <a href="/wiki/Time_travel#Time_travel_in_physics" title="Time travel">backward time travel</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Mike_Morris_(physicist)" title="Mike Morris (physicist)">Mike Morris</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulvi_Yurtsever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulvi Yurtsever (page does not exist)">Ulvi Yurtsever</a>, he showed that traversable wormholes can exist in the structure of <a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">spacetime</a> only if they are threaded by quantum fields in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_state" title="Quantum state">quantum states</a> that violate the <a href="/wiki/Energy_condition#Mathematical_statement" title="Energy condition">averaged null energy condition</a> (i.e. have negative renormalized energy spread over a sufficiently large region).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has triggered research to explore the ability of quantum fields to possess such extended <a href="/wiki/Negative_energy" title="Negative energy">negative energy</a>. Recent calculations by Thorne indicate that simple masses passing through traversable wormholes could never engender <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradoxes</a> – there are <i>no</i> initial conditions that lead to paradox once time travel is introduced. If his results can be generalized, they would suggest that none of the supposed paradoxes formulated in time travel stories can actually be formulated at a precise physical level: that is, that <i>any</i> situation in a time travel story turns out to permit <i>many</i> consistent solutions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relativistic_stars,_multipole_moments_and_other_endeavors"><span id="Relativistic_stars.2C_multipole_moments_and_other_endeavors"></span>Relativistic stars, multipole moments and other endeavors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relativistic stars, multipole moments and other endeavors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Anna_N._%C5%BBytkow" title="Anna N. Żytkow">Anna Żytkow</a>, Thorne predicted the existence of <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red supergiant stars</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron-star</a> cores (<a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93%C5%BBytkow_object" title="Thorne–Żytkow object">Thorne–Żytkow objects</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-tz77_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz77-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He laid the foundations for the theory of <a href="/wiki/Angular_frequency" title="Angular frequency">pulsations</a> of relativistic stars and the gravitational radiation they emit. With <a href="/wiki/James_Hartle" title="James Hartle">James Hartle</a>, Thorne derived from general relativity the laws of motion and precession of black holes and other relativistic bodies, including the influence of the coupling of their <a href="/wiki/Multipole_moments" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipole moments">multipole moments</a> to the spacetime curvature of nearby objects,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as writing down the <a href="/wiki/Hartle-Thorne_metric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartle-Thorne metric">Hartle-Thorne metric</a>, an approximate solution which describes the exterior of a slowly and rigidly rotating, stationary and axially symmetric body. </p><p>Thorne has also theoretically predicted the existence of universally antigravitating "<a href="/wiki/Exotic_matter" title="Exotic matter">exotic matter</a>" – the element needed to accelerate the expansion rate of the universe, keep traversable wormhole "Star Gates" open and keep <a href="/wiki/Minkowski_space" title="Minkowski space">timelike</a> <a href="/wiki/Geodesic" title="Geodesic">geodesic</a> free float "<a href="/wiki/Alcubierre_drive" title="Alcubierre drive">warp drives</a>" working. With Clifford Will<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others of his students, he laid the foundations for the theoretical interpretation of experimental <a href="/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity" title="Tests of general relativity">tests of relativistic theories of gravity</a> – foundations on which Will and others then built. As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Thorne was interested in the origin of classical space and time from the <a href="/wiki/Quantum_foam" title="Quantum foam">quantum foam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_gravity" title="Quantum gravity">quantum gravity</a> theory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorne has written and edited books on topics in gravitational theory and <a href="/wiki/High-energy_astronomy" title="High-energy astronomy">high-energy astrophysics</a>. In 1973, he co-authored the textbook <i><a href="/wiki/Gravitation_(book)" title="Gravitation (book)">Gravitation</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Misner" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Misner">Charles Misner</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that according to <a href="/wiki/John_C._Baez" title="John C. Baez">John C. Baez</a> and Chris Hillman, is one of the great scientific books of all time and has inspired two generations of students.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, he published <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Holes_and_Time_Warps" title="Black Holes and Time Warps">Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy</a></i>, a book for non-scientists for which he received numerous awards. This book has been published in six languages, and editions in Chinese, Italian, Czech, and Polish are in press.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2014, Thorne published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Interstellar" title="The Science of Interstellar">The Science of Interstellar</a></i> in which he explains the science behind Christopher Nolan's film <i>Interstellar</i>; Nolan wrote the foreword to the book. In September 2017, Thorne and Roger D. Blandford published <i>Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics</i>, a graduate-level textbook covering the six major areas of physics listed in the title.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne2017_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thorne's articles have appeared in publications such as: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yearbook_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yearbook of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Yearbook of Science and Technology</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's Encyclopedia</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others.</li></ul> <p>Thorne has published more than 150 articles in scholarly journals.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorne has been elected to:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>, and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.</li></ul> <p>He has been recognized by numerous awards including: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a> Science Writing Award in Physics and Astronomy,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Phi Beta Kappa Society">Phi Beta Kappa</a> Science Writing Award,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lilienfeld_Prize" title="Lilienfeld Prize">Lilienfeld Prize</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/German_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="German Astronomical Society">German Astronomical Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild_Medal" title="Karl Schwarzschild Medal">Karl Schwarzschild Medal</a> (1996),</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robinson_Prize_in_Cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robinson Prize in Cosmology (page does not exist)">Robinson Prize in Cosmology</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Newcastle upon Tyne">University of Newcastle</a>, England,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Xi:_The_Scientific_Research_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society">Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Wealth_Awards_for_Science_and_Invention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Wealth Awards for Science and Invention (page does not exist)">Common Wealth Awards for Science and Invention</a>, and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Scientist_of_the_Year_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Scientist of the Year Award (page does not exist)">California Scientist of the Year Award</a> (2003).</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a> in 2009 from the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Society" title="Albert Einstein Society">Albert Einstein Society</a>, Bern, Switzerland</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Niels_Bohr_Medal" title="UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal">UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal</a> from <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Physics_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental Physics Prize">Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics</a> (2016)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Gruber_Prize_in_Cosmology" title="Gruber Prize in Cosmology">Gruber Prize in Cosmology</a> (2016)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> (2016) (together with <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> in Astrophysics (2016) (together with Ronald Drever and Rainer Weiss).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Tomalla_Foundation" title="Tomalla Foundation">Tomalla Prize</a> (2016) for extraordinary contributions to general relativity and gravity.<sup id="cite_ref-Tomalla_Foundation_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomalla_Foundation-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Georges Lemaître</a> Prize (2016)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> (2016) (together with Ronald Drever and Rainer Weiss).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the Smithsonian Magazine American Ingenuity Award for Physical Sciences (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess of Asturias Award">Princess of Asturias Award</a> (2017) (jointly with <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (2017) (jointly with <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Thomas_Prize" title="Lewis Thomas Prize">Lewis Thomas Prize</a> (2018)</li> <li>the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He has been a <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson Fellow">Woodrow Wilson Fellow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danforth_Fellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danforth Fellow (page does not exist)">Danforth Fellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Fellow</a>. He has also received the honorary degree of doctor of humane letters from <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Graduate_University" title="Claremont Graduate University">Claremont Graduate University</a> and an honorary doctorate from the Physics Department of the <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>. In 2024 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected to hold the Lorentz chair for the year 2009 <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University, the Netherlands</a>. </p><p>Thorne has served on: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_on_General_Relativity_and_Gravitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation (page does not exist)">International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_US-USSR_Cooperation_in_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee on US-USSR Cooperation in Physics (page does not exist)">Committee on US-USSR Cooperation in Physics</a>, and</li> <li>the National Academy of Sciences' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Science_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Science Board (page does not exist)">Space Science Board</a>, which has advised <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and Congress on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_science_policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space science policy (page does not exist)">space science policy</a>.</li></ul> <p>Kip Thorne was selected by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a> in an annual <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">list of the 100 most influential people in the American world</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptation_in_media">Adaptation in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adaptation in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thorne contributed ideas on wormhole travel to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> for use in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(novel)" title="Contact (novel)">Contact</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tech_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tech-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thorne and his friend, producer <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Obst" title="Lynda Obst">Lynda Obst</a>, also developed the concept for the Christopher Nolan film <i>Interstellar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote a tie-in book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Interstellar" title="The Science of Interstellar">The Science of Interstellar</a></i>. Thorne later advised Nolan on the physics of his movie <i><a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Maddox-Aug2020_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maddox-Aug2020-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and advised <a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> on his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> in Nolan's film <i><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Mars" title="Rainbow Mars">Rainbow Mars</a></i>, the time travel technology used in the novel is based on the wormhole theories of Thorne, which in the context of the novel was when time travel first became possible, rather than just fantasy. As a result, any attempts to travel in time prior to Thorne's development of wormhole theory results in the time traveller entering a fantastic version of reality, rather than the actual past.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)" title="The Theory of Everything (2014 film)">The Theory of Everything</a></i>, Thorne was portrayed by actor <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Cilenti" title="Enzo Cilenti">Enzo Cilenti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thorne played himself in the episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i> entitled "The Laureate Accumulation".</li> <li>Thorne is featured in an episode of the documentary series <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Craftsman_(TV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Craftsman (TV) (page does not exist)">The Craftsman</a></i> entitled "Science, Art & Inspiration".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partial_bibliography">Partial bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Partial bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Misner, Charles W., Thorne, K. S. and Wheeler, John Archibald, <i><a href="/wiki/Gravitation_(book)" title="Gravitation (book)">Gravitation</a></i> 1973, (W H Freeman & Co)</li> <li>Thorne, K. S., in 300 Years of Gravitation, (Eds.) S. W. Hawking and W. Israel, 1987, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press), <i>Gravitational Radiation</i>.</li> <li>Thorne, K. S., Price, R. H. and Macdonald, DM, <i>Black Holes, The Membrane Paradigm</i>, 1986, (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press).</li> <li>Friedman, J., Morris, MS, Novikov, I. D., Echeverria, F., Klinkhammer, G., Thorne, K. S. and Yurtsever, U., Physical Review D., 1990, (in press), <i><a href="/wiki/Cauchy_problem" title="Cauchy problem">Cauchy Problem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetimes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Closed_Timelike_Curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed Timelike Curve">Closed Timelike Curves</a></i>.</li> <li>Thorne, K. S. and Blandford, R. D., <i>Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics</i>, 2017, (Princeton: Princeton University Press).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The announcement team were Thorne, <a href="/wiki/David_Reitze" title="David Reitze">David Reitze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Gabriela González">Gabriela González</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/France_A._C%C3%B3rdova" title="France A. Córdova">France A. Córdova</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einstein-bern.ch/index.php?lang=en&show=medaille">"einstein medal"</a>. 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Guardian News and Media Limited<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2014</span>. <q>Thorne grew up in an academic, Mormon family in Utah but is now an atheist. "There are large numbers of my finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God, ranging from an abstract humanist God to a very concrete Catholic or Mormon God. There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and religion. 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href="/wiki/Template:Relativity" title="Template:Relativity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Relativity" title="Template talk:Relativity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Relativity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Relativity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Relativity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Relativity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special<br />relativity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_relativity" title="Principle of relativity">Principle of relativity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galilean_invariance" title="Galilean invariance">Galilean relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_transformation" title="Galilean transformation">Galilean transformation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubly_special_relativity" title="Doubly special relativity">Doubly special relativity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_of_reference" title="Frame of reference">Frame of reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">Speed of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_orthogonality" title="Hyperbolic orthogonality">Hyperbolic orthogonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapidity" title="Rapidity">Rapidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" title="Maxwell's equations">Maxwell's equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_length" title="Proper length">Proper length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_acceleration" title="Proper acceleration">Proper acceleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity" title="Mass in special relativity">Relativistic mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Formulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorentz_transformation" title="Lorentz transformation">Lorentz transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_textbooks_on_relativity" title="List of textbooks on relativity">Textbooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">Time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence" title="Mass–energy equivalence">Mass–energy equivalence (E=mc<sup>2</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_contraction" title="Length contraction">Length contraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity" title="Relativity of simultaneity">Relativity of simultaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect" title="Relativistic Doppler effect">Relativistic Doppler effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_precession" title="Thomas precession">Thomas precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladder_paradox" title="Ladder paradox">Ladder paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_paradox" title="Twin paradox">Twin paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell_rotation" title="Terrell rotation">Terrell rotation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_cone" title="Light cone">Light cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_line" title="World line">World line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkowski_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Minkowski diagram">Minkowski diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biquaternion" title="Biquaternion">Biquaternions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkowski_space" title="Minkowski space">Minkowski space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">General<br />relativity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_general_relativity" title="Introduction to general relativity">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_general_relativity" title="Mathematics of general relativity">Mathematical formulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equivalence_principle" title="Equivalence principle">Equivalence principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riemannian_geometry" title="Riemannian geometry">Riemannian geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_diagram" title="Penrose diagram">Penrose diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesics_in_general_relativity" title="Geodesics in general relativity">Geodesics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach%27s_principle" title="Mach's principle">Mach's principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Formulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM_formalism" title="ADM formalism">ADM formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSSN_formalism" title="BSSN formalism">BSSN formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_field_equations" title="Einstein field equations">Einstein field equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linearized_gravity" title="Linearized gravity">Linearized gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parameterized_post-Newtonian_formalism" title="Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism">Post-Newtonian formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raychaudhuri_equation" title="Raychaudhuri equation">Raychaudhuri equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Jacobi%E2%80%93Einstein_equation" title="Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation">Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_equation" title="Ernst equation">Ernst equation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">Black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_horizon" title="Event horizon">Event horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_singularity" title="Gravitational singularity">Singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity" title="Two-body problem in general relativity">Two-body problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">Gravitational waves</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_observatory" title="Gravitational-wave observatory">detectors</a> (<a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> and <a href="/wiki/LIGO_Scientific_Collaboration" title="LIGO Scientific Collaboration">collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_interferometer" title="Virgo interferometer">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO600" title="GEO600">GEO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulse%E2%80%93Taylor_binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulse–Taylor binary">Hulse–Taylor binary</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity" title="Tests of general relativity">Other tests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apsidal_precession" title="Apsidal precession">precession</a> of Mercury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_lens" title="Gravitational lens">lensing</a> (together with <a href="/wiki/Einstein_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein cross">Einstein cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Einstein_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein rings">Einstein rings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_redshift" title="Gravitational redshift">redshift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapiro_time_delay" title="Shapiro time delay">Shapiro delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame-dragging" title="Frame-dragging">frame-dragging</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_effect" title="Geodetic effect">geodetic effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lense%E2%80%93Thirring_precession" title="Lense–Thirring precession">Lense–Thirring precession</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_timing_array" title="Pulsar timing array">pulsar timing arrays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Advanced<br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brans%E2%80%93Dicke_theory" title="Brans–Dicke theory">Brans–Dicke theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluza%E2%80%93Klein_theory" title="Kaluza–Klein theory">Kaluza–Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_gravity" title="Quantum gravity">Quantum gravity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Exact_solutions_in_general_relativity" title="Exact solutions in general relativity">Solutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cosmological: <a href="/wiki/Friedmann%E2%80%93Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Robertson%E2%80%93Walker_metric" title="Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric">Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friedmann_equations" title="Friedmann equations">Friedmann equations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Tolman_metric" title="Lemaître–Tolman metric">Lemaître–Tolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasner_metric" title="Kasner metric">Kasner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BKL_singularity" title="BKL singularity">BKL singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del_metric" title="Gödel metric">Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milne_model" title="Milne model">Milne</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Spherical: <a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric" title="Schwarzschild metric">Schwarzschild</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interior_Schwarzschild_metric" title="Interior Schwarzschild metric">interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_equation" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric" title="Reissner–Nordström metric">Reissner–Nordström</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Axisymmetric: <a href="/wiki/Kerr_metric" title="Kerr metric">Kerr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric" title="Kerr–Newman metric">Kerr–Newman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyl%E2%88%92Lewis%E2%88%92Papapetrou_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates">Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taub%E2%80%93NUT_space" title="Taub–NUT space">Taub–NUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Stockum_dust" title="Van Stockum dust">van Stockum dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_disk" title="Relativistic disk">discs</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Pp-wave_spacetime" title="Pp-wave spacetime">pp-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozsv%C3%A1th%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCcking_metric" title="Ozsváth–Schücking metric">Ozsváth–Schücking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcubierre_drive" title="Alcubierre drive">Alcubierre</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In computational physics: <a href="/wiki/Numerical_relativity" title="Numerical relativity">Numerical relativity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">Hilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Schwarzschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann" title="Alexander Friedmann">Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_P._Robertson" title="Howard P. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Zwicky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Choquet-Bruhat" title="Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat">Choquet-Bruhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Zeldovich" title="Yakov Zeldovich">Zel'dovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Dmitriyevich_Novikov" title="Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers" title="Jürgen Ehlers">Ehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Geroch" title="Robert Geroch">Geroch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bondi" title="Hermann Bondi">Bondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Misner" title="Charles W. Misner">Misner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Yau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contributors_to_general_relativity" title="List of contributors to general relativity"><i>others</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Theory_of_relativity" title="Category:Theory of relativity">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1931</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1934</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Goeppert Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2017_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2017_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2017 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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(Germany/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a> (United Kingdom)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a> (Switzerland)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> (United States)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kip Thorne</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2014 Nobel Prize winners">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2015 Nobel Prize winners">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2016 Nobel Prize winners">2016</a></dd> <dd><b>2017 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2018_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2018 Nobel Prize winners">2018</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2019 Nobel Prize winners">2019</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2020 Nobel Prize winners">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2021 Nobel Prize winners">2021</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2022_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2022 Nobel Prize winners">2022</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Breakthrough_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakthrough_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Breakthrough Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakthrough_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Breakthrough Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakthrough_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakthrough Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakthrough_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize" title="Breakthrough Prize">Breakthrough Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics">Mathematics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon Donaldson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lurie" title="Jacob Lurie">Jacob Lurie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Terence Tao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Richard Taylor</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Agol" title="Ian Agol">Ian Agol</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hacon" title="Christopher Hacon">Christopher Hacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_McKernan" title="James McKernan">James McKernan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lafforgue" title="Vincent Lafforgue">Vincent Lafforgue</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Eskin" title="Alex Eskin">Alex Eskin</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuro_Mochizuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Takuro Mochizuki">Takuro Mochizuki</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Spielman" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel A. Spielman">Daniel A. Spielman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Brendle" title="Simon Brendle">Simon Brendle</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Fundamental<br />physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nima_Arkani-Hamed" title="Nima Arkani-Hamed">Nima Arkani-Hamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Alan Guth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kitaev" title="Alexei Kitaev">Alexei Kitaev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Linde" title="Andrei Linde">Andrei Linde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Maldacena" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Martín Maldacena">Juan Maldacena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Seiberg" title="Nathan Seiberg">Nathan Seiberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (2012)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jenni" title="Peter Jenni">Peter Jenni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Gianotti" title="Fabiola Gianotti">Fabiola Gianotti</a> (ATLAS), <a href="/wiki/Michel_Della_Negra" title="Michel Della Negra">Michel Della Negra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tejinder_Virdee" title="Tejinder Virdee">Tejinder Virdee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Tonelli" title="Guido Tonelli">Guido Tonelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Incandela" title="Joseph Incandela">Joseph Incandela</a> (CMS) and <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Evans" title="Lyn Evans">Lyn Evans</a> (LHC) (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Markovich_Polyakov" title="Alexander Markovich Polyakov">Alexander Polyakov</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Green_(physicist)" title="Michael Green (physicist)">Michael Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Schwarz" title="John Henry Schwarz">John Henry Schwarz</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Supernova_Cosmology_Project" title="Supernova Cosmology Project">Supernova Cosmology Project</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/High-Z_Supernova_Search_Team" title="High-Z Supernova Search Team">High-Z Supernova Team</a> (2015)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kip Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> and contributors to <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> project (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yifang" title="Wang Yifang">Yifang Wang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kam-Biu_Luk" title="Kam-Biu Luk">Kam-Biu Luk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Daya_Bay_Reactor_Neutrino_Experiment" title="Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment">Daya Bay team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atsuto_Suzuki" title="Atsuto Suzuki">Atsuto Suzuki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kamioka_Liquid_Scintillator_Antineutrino_Detector" title="Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector">KamLAND</a> team, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nishikawa" title="Kōichirō Nishikawa">Kōichirō Nishikawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/K2K_experiment" title="K2K experiment">K2K</a> / <a href="/wiki/T2K_experiment" title="T2K experiment">T2K</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Neutrino_Observatory" title="Sudbury Neutrino Observatory">Sudbury Neutrino Observatory</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Yōichirō Suzuki">Yōichirō Suzuki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Super-Kamiokande" title="Super-Kamiokande">Super-Kamiokande</a> team (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski">Joseph Polchinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Strominger" title="Andrew Strominger">Andrew Strominger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumrun_Vafa" title="Cumrun Vafa">Cumrun Vafa</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bennett" title="Charles L. Bennett">Charles L. Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hinshaw" title="Gary Hinshaw">Gary Hinshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jarosik" title="Norman Jarosik">Norman Jarosik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Page" title="Lyman Page">Lyman Page Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Spergel" title="David Spergel">David Spergel</a> (2018)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Kane" title="Charles L. Kane">Charles Kane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_J._Mele" title="Eugene J. Mele">Eugene Mele</a> (2019)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ferrara" title="Sergio Ferrara">Sergio Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Z._Freedman" title="Daniel Z. Freedman">Daniel Z. Freedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Nieuwenhuizen" title="Peter van Nieuwenhuizen">Peter van Nieuwenhuizen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Event_Horizon_Telescope_Collaboration" class="mw-redirect" title="The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration">The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adelberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Adelberger">Eric Adelberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_H._Gundlach" title="Jens H. Gundlach">Jens H. Gundlach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blayne_Heckel" title="Blayne Heckel">Blayne Heckel</a> (2021)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidetoshi_Katori" title="Hidetoshi Katori">Hidetoshi Katori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jun_Ye" title="Jun Ye">Jun Ye</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bennett_(physicist)" title="Charles H. Bennett (physicist)">Charles H. Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">Gilles Brassard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Deutsch" title="David Deutsch">David Deutsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Shor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter W. Shor">Peter W. Shor</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cardy" title="John Cardy">John Cardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zamolodchikov" title="Alexander Zamolodchikov">Alexander Zamolodchikov</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Life_Sciences" title="Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences">Life sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Botstein" title="David Botstein">David Botstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_C._Cantley" title="Lewis C. Cantley">Lewis C. Cantley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Clevers" title="Hans Clevers">Hans Clevers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titia_de_Lange" title="Titia de Lange">Titia de Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Ferrara" title="Napoleone Ferrara">Napoleone Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sawyers" title="Charles Sawyers">Charles Sawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_DeLong" title="Mahlon DeLong">Mahlon DeLong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_N._Hall" title="Michael N. Hall">Michael N. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Lifton" title="Richard P. Lifton">Richard P. Lifton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky" title="Alexander Varshavsky">Alexander Varshavsky</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alim_Louis_Benabid" title="Alim Louis Benabid">Alim Louis Benabid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_David_Allis" title="Charles David Allis">Charles David Allis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyden" title="Edward Boyden">Edward Boyden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Deisseroth" title="Karl Deisseroth">Karl Deisseroth</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hardy_(geneticist)" title="John Hardy (geneticist)">John Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hobbs" title="Helen Hobbs">Helen Hobbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Elledge" title="Stephen Elledge">Stephen J. Elledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Noller" title="Harry F. Noller">Harry F. Noller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roel_Nusse" title="Roel Nusse">Roeland Nusse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Chory" title="Joanne Chory">Joanne Chory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walter" title="Peter Walter">Peter Walter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazutoshi_Mori" title="Kazutoshi Mori">Kazutoshi Mori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Nasmyth" title="Kim Nasmyth">Kim Nasmyth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_W._Cleveland" title="Don W. Cleveland">Don W. Cleveland</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Frank_Bennett" title="C. Frank Bennett">C. Frank Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_R._Krainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian R. Krainer">Adrian R. Krainer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelika_Amon" title="Angelika Amon">Angelika Amon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiaowei_Zhuang" title="Xiaowei Zhuang">Xiaowei Zhuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhijian_Chen" title="Zhijian Chen">Zhijian Chen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey M. Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Franz-Ulrich Hartl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Horwich" title="Arthur L. Horwich">Arthur L. Horwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Man-Yee_Lee" title="Virginia Man-Yee Lee">Virginia Man-Yee Lee</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Dulac" title="Catherine Dulac">Catherine Dulac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lo" title="Dennis Lo">Dennis Lo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Youle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Youle (page does not exist)">Richard J. Youle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Youle" class="extiw" title="de:Richard J. Youle">de</a>]</span> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_W._Kelly" title="Jeffery W. Kelly">Jeffery W. Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shankar_Balasubramanian" title="Shankar Balasubramanian">Shankar Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Klenerman" title="David Klenerman">David Klenerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Mayer" title="Pascal Mayer">Pascal Mayer</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_P._Brangwynne" title="Clifford P. Brangwynne">Clifford P. Brangwynne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_A._Hyman" title="Anthony A. Hyman">Anthony A. Hyman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John Jumper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mignot" title="Emmanuel Mignot">Emmanuel Mignot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masashi_Yanagisawa" title="Masashi Yanagisawa">Masashi Yanagisawa</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_June" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl June">Carl June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Sadelain" title="Michel Sadelain">Michel Sadelain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Hadida" title="Sabine Hadida">Sabine Hadida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Negulescu" title="Paul Negulescu">Paul Negulescu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrick_Van_Goor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrick Van Goor (page does not exist)">Fredrick Van Goor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Gasser (page does not exist)">Thomas Gasser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Sidransky" title="Ellen Sidransky">Ellen Sidransky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Singleton" title="Andrew Singleton">Andrew Singleton</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kavli_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eedd82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kavli_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Kavli Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kavli_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Kavli Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kavli_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kavli Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kavli_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eedd82;">Astrophysics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maarten_Schmidt" title="Maarten Schmidt">Maarten Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Lynden-Bell" title="Donald Lynden-Bell">Donald Lynden-Bell</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nelson_(astronomer)" title="Jerry Nelson (astronomer)">Jerry E. Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Wilson_(physicist)" title="Raymond Wilson (physicist)">Raymond N. Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Angel" title="Roger Angel">Roger Angel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">David C. Jewitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Luu" title="Jane Luu">Jane Luu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael E. Brown</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Alan Guth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Linde" title="Andrei Linde">Andrei Linde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Starobinsky" title="Alexei Starobinsky">Alexei Starobinsky</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kip Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewine_van_Dishoeck" title="Ewine van Dishoeck">Ewine van Dishoeck</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fabian" title="Andrew Fabian">Andrew Fabian</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Ulrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Ulrich (page does not exist)">Roger Ulrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Christensen-Dalsgaard" title="Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard">Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conny_Aerts" title="Conny Aerts">Conny Aerts</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Seager" title="Sara Seager">Sara Seager</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Charbonneau" title="David Charbonneau">David Charbonneau</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eedd82;">Nanoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Eigler" title="Don Eigler">Donald Eigler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadrian_Seeman" title="Nadrian Seeman">Nadrian Seeman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ebbesen" title="Thomas Ebbesen">Thomas Ebbesen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pendry" title="John Pendry">John Pendry</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Gerber" title="Christoph Gerber">Christoph Gerber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Quate" title="Calvin Quate">Calvin Quate</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginijus_%C5%A0ik%C5%A1nys" title="Virginijus Šikšnys">Virginijus Šikšnys</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Rose" title="Harald Rose">Harald Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Haider" title="Maximilian Haider">Maximilian Haider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knut_Urban" title="Knut Urban">Knut Urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ondrej_Krivanek" title="Ondrej Krivanek">Ondrej Krivanek</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Sagiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Sagiv (page does not exist)">Jacob Sagiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_G._Nuzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph G. Nuzzo">Ralph G. Nuzzo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_L._Allara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David L. Allara (page does not exist)">David L. Allara</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand Paul Alivisatos">Armand Paul Alivisatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad_A._Mirkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chad A. Mirkin">Chad A. Mirkin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eedd82;">Neuroscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sten_Grillner" title="Sten Grillner">Sten Grillner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jessell" title="Thomas Jessell">Thomas Jessell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasko_Rakic" title="Pasko Rakic">Pasko Rakic</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Scheller" title="Richard Scheller">Richard Scheller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Thomas C. Südhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winfried_Denk" title="Winfried Denk">Winfried Denk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe_(neuroscientist)" title="John O'Keefe (neuroscientist)">John O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Raichle" title="Marcus Raichle">Marcus Raichle</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Marder" title="Eve Marder">Eve Marder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Merzenich" title="Michael Merzenich">Michael Merzenich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carla_J._Shatz" title="Carla J. Shatz">Carla J. Shatz</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._James_Hudspeth" title="A. James Hudspeth">A. James Hudspeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fettiplace" title="Robert Fettiplace">Robert Fettiplace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Petit" title="Christine Petit">Christine Petit</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Mandel" title="Jean-Louis Mandel">Jean-Louis Mandel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_T._Orr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry T. Orr (page does not exist)">Harry T. Orr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Walsh" title="Christopher A. Walsh">Christopher A. Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kanwisher" title="Nancy Kanwisher">Nancy Kanwisher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winrich_Freiwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winrich Freiwald (page does not exist)">Winrich Freiwald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Ying_Tsao" class="mw-redirect" title="Doris Ying Tsao">Doris Ying Tsao</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shaw_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shaw_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Jim Peebles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Marcy" title="Geoffrey Marcy">Geoffrey Marcy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Shu" title="Frank Shu">Frank Shu</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bennett" title="Charles L. Bennett">Charles Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Page" title="Lyman Page">Lyman Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Spergel" title="David Spergel">David Spergel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Costa_(physicist)" title="Enrico Costa (physicist)">Enrico Costa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_J._Fishman" title="Gerald J. Fishman">Gerald Fishman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">David C. Jewitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Luu" title="Jane Luu">Jane Luu</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Balbus" title="Steven Balbus">Steven Balbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Hawley" title="John F. Hawley">John F. Hawley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Eisenstein" title="Daniel Eisenstein">Daniel Eisenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Cole" title="Shaun Cole">Shaun Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_A._Peacock" title="John A. Peacock">John A. Peacock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Borucki" title="William J. Borucki">William J. Borucki</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kip Thorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_White" title="Simon White">Simon White</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Puget" title="Jean-Loup Puget">Jean-Loup Puget</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Edward C. Stone</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Kaspi" title="Victoria Kaspi">Victoria Kaspi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chryssa_Kouveliotou" title="Chryssa Kouveliotou">Chryssa Kouveliotou</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Lindegren" title="Lennart Lindegren">Lennart Lindegren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Perryman" title="Michael Perryman">Michael Perryman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bailes" title="Matthew Bailes">Matthew Bailes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Lorimer" title="Duncan Lorimer">Duncan Lorimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maura_McLaughlin" title="Maura McLaughlin">Maura McLaughlin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinivas_R._Kulkarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinivas R. Kulkarni">Shrinivas R. Kulkarni</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Life science<br />and medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuet_Wai_Kan" title="Yuet Wai Kan">Yuet-Wai Kan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berridge" title="Michael Berridge">Michael Berridge</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaodong_Wang_(biochemist)" title="Xiaodong Wang (biochemist)">Xiaodong Wang</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Campbell_(biologist)" title="Keith Campbell (biologist)">Keith H. S. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_L._Coleman" title="Douglas L. Coleman">Douglas Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey Friedman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Medzhitov" title="Ruslan Medzhitov">Ruslan Medzhitov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Franz-Ulrich Hartl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Horwich" title="Arthur L. Horwich">Arthur L. Horwich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazutoshi_Mori" title="Kazutoshi Mori">Kazutoshi Mori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walter" title="Peter Walter">Peter Walter</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everett_Peter_Greenberg" title="Everett Peter Greenberg">Everett Peter Greenberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Bird" title="Adrian Bird">Adrian Bird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_R._Gibbons" title="Ian R. Gibbons">Ian R. Gibbons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Vale" title="Ronald Vale">Ronald Vale</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Jasin" title="Maria Jasin">Maria Jasin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck" title="Gero Miesenböck">Gero Miesenböck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hegemann" title="Peter Hegemann">Peter Hegemann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Nagel" title="Georg Nagel">Georg Nagel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_D._Emr" title="Scott D. Emr">Scott D. Emr</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Negulescu" title="Paul Negulescu">Paul A. Negulescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Welsh_(biologist)" title="Michael J. Welsh (biologist)">Michael J. Welsh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cramer" title="Patrick Cramer">Patrick Cramer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Nogales" title="Eva Nogales">Eva Nogales</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_H._Orkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart H. Orkin">Stuart H. Orkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swee_Lay_Thein" title="Swee Lay Thein">Swee Lay Thein</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Mathematical<br />science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wu_Wenjun" title="Wu Wenjun">Wentsun Wu</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langlands" title="Robert Langlands">Robert Langlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Richard Taylor</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arnold" title="Vladimir Arnold">Vladimir Arnold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Faddeev" title="Ludvig Faddeev">Ludwig Faddeev</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Taubes" title="Clifford Taubes">Clifford Taubes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Christodoulou" title="Demetrios Christodoulou">Demetrios Christodoulou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Hamilton" title="Richard S. Hamilton">Richard S. Hamilton</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Donoho" title="David Donoho">David Donoho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Iwaniec" title="Henryk Iwaniec">Henryk Iwaniec</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hitchin" title="Nigel Hitchin">Nigel Hitchin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Koll%C3%A1r" title="János Kollár">János Kollár</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claire_Voisin" title="Claire Voisin">Claire Voisin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Caffarelli" title="Luis Caffarelli">Luis Caffarelli</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Talagrand" title="Michel Talagrand">Michel Talagrand</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Beilinson" title="Alexander Beilinson">Alexander Beilinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Kazhdan" title="David Kazhdan">David Kazhdan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Bismut" title="Jean-Michel Bismut">Jean-Michel Bismut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Cheeger" title="Jeff Cheeger">Jeff Cheeger</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noga_Alon" title="Noga Alon">Noga Alon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Hrushovski" title="Ehud Hrushovski">Ehud Hrushovski</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak">Peter Sarnak</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Sols" title="Alberto Sols">Alberto Sols</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ballester" title="Manuel Ballester">Manuel Ballester</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Santal%C3%B3" title="Luis Santaló">Luis Antonio Santaló Sors</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garcia-Bellido" title="Antonio Garcia-Bellido">Antonio Garcia-Bellido</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_V%C3%A1zquez_Mart%C3%ADnez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Vázquez Martínez (page does not exist)">David Vázquez Martínez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Rosenblueth" title="Emilio Rosenblueth">Emilio Rosenblueth</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio González González (chemist) (page does not exist)">Antonio González González</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Convit" title="Jacinto Convit">Jacinto Convit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rudom%C3%ADn_Zevnovaty" title="Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty">Pablo Rudomín</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcos_Moshinsky" title="Marcos Moshinsky">Marcos Moshinsky</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Guido_M%C3%BCnch" title="Guido Münch">Guido Münch</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Grisol%C3%ADa,_1st_Marquess_of_Grisol%C3%ADa" title="Santiago Grisolía, 1st Marquess of Grisolía">Santiago Grisolía</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Moncada" title="Salvador Moncada">Salvador Moncada</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bol%C3%ADvar_Zapata" title="Francisco Bolívar Zapata">Francisco Bolívar Zapata</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Moliner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico García Moliner (page does not exist)">Federico García Moliner</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Amable_Li%C3%B1%C3%A1n" title="Amable Liñán">Amable Liñán</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Elkin_Patarroyo" title="Manuel Elkin Patarroyo">Manuel Patarroyo</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Losada_Villasante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Losada Villasante (page does not exist)">Manuel Losada Villasante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Biodiversidad" title="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad">Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad</a> of Costa Rica</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Fuster" title="Valentín Fuster">Valentín Fuster</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site_of_Atapuerca" title="Archaeological site of Atapuerca">Atapuerca</a> research team</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_M%C3%A9ndez_P%C3%A9rez" title="Emilio Méndez Pérez">Emilio Méndez Pérez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Miguel_Etxenike" title="Pedro Miguel Etxenike">Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Miledi" title="Ricardo Miledi">Ricardo Miledi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Enrique Moreno González">Enrique Moreno González</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gallo" title="Robert Gallo">Robert Gallo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">Craig Venter</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Weissenbach" title="Jean Weissenbach">Jean Weissenbach</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Roberts (scientist)">Lawrence Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vinton Cerf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_R._Hunter" title="Anthony R. Hunter">Tony Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Massagu%C3%A9" title="Joan Massagué">Joan Massagué</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Damasio" title="Antonio Damasio">Antonio Damasio</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Anthony_Lawrence" title="Peter Anthony Lawrence">Peter Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_Morata" title="Ginés Morata">Ginés Morata</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert Langer</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin Marks</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Tomlinson" title="Ray Tomlinson">Raymond Tomlinson</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Minke" title="Baruch Minke">Baruch Minke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linda_R._Watkins" title="Linda R. Watkins">Linda Watkins</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Altman" title="Joseph Altman">Joseph Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alvarez-Buylla" title="Arturo Alvarez-Buylla">Arturo Álvarez-Buylla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Rizzolatti" title="Giacomo Rizzolatti">Giacomo Rizzolatti</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lerner" title="Richard Lerner">Richard A. Lerner</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Avel%C2%B7l%C3%AD_Corma_Can%C3%B3s" title="Avel·lí Corma Canós">Avelino Corma Canós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Davis" title="Mark E. Davis">Mark E. Davis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galen_D._Stucky" title="Galen D. Stucky">Galen D. Stucky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Herr" title="Hugh Herr">Hugh Herr</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kip S. Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry C. Barish</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> Scientific Collaboration</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Chory" title="Joanne Chory">Joanne Chory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandra_D%C3%ADaz_(ecologist)" title="Sandra Díaz (ecologist)">Sandra Myrna Díaz</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Meyer" title="Yves Meyer">Yves Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Terence Tao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Cand%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Candès">Emmanuel Candès</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Felgner" title="Philip Felgner">Philip Felgner</a>, <a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C5%9Eahin" title="Uğur Şahin">Uğur Şahin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zlem_T%C3%BCreci" title="Özlem Türeci">Özlem Türeci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Rossi" title="Derrick Rossi">Derrick Rossi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_I._Gordon" title="Jeffrey I. Gordon">Jeffrey I. Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everett_Peter_Greenberg" title="Everett Peter Greenberg">Everett Peter Greenberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Drucker" title="Daniel J. Drucker">Daniel J. Drucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey M. Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Habener" title="Joel Habener">Joel F. Habener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Juul_Holst" title="Jens Juul Holst">Jens Juul Holst</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Mojsov" title="Svetlana Mojsov">Svetlana Mojsov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116975126">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108141048">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1459817/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkMDqK3TDqXM94GxPqCwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121312453">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83826321">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12284753x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12284753x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00655185">Japan</a></span></li><li><span 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00087789?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-4318">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=63787">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7005558283">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:thorne.kip-s">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/165/9924">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/172390">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kip Thorne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7873112f-4684-4032-a9b1-09f80025e81a">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/992192">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121312453.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031677835">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sx6g1s">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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