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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>By month or season</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_month_or_season-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By month or season subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_month_or_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winter_lunar_new_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winter_lunar_new_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Winter lunar new years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winter_lunar_new_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-April_(Spring_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-April_(Spring_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Mid-April (Spring in the Northern Hemisphere)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-April_(Spring_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autumn_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autumn_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autumn_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Variable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_liturgical_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_liturgical_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christian liturgical year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_liturgical_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_European_new_year_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_European_new_year_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historical European new year dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_European_new_year_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoptions_of_January_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoptions_of_January_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adoptions of January 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoptions_of_January_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Time zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery of celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Year</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 131 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neujahr" title="Neujahr – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neujahr" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%81_%D2%BF%D1%8B%D1%86" title="Ашықәс ҿыц – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ашықәс ҿыц" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9" title="رأس السنة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رأس السنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_d%27anyo" title="Cabo d'anyo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cabo d'anyo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80,_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Ամանոր, Կաղանդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ամանոր, Կաղանդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorn_de_l%E2%80%99an" title="Jorn de l’an – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jorn de l’an" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1u_Nuevu" title="Añu Nuevu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Añu Nuevu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_Pyahu" title="Ary Pyahu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ary Pyahu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_il" title="Yeni il – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni il" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0" title="নতুন বছর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নতুন বছর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun_puga" title="Tahun puga – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tahun puga" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Яңы йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яңы йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Новы год – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новы год" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Новы год – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новы год" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="नया साल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नया साल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Taon" title="Bagong Taon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bagong Taon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нова година – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова година" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_godina" title="Nova godina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nova godina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalanna" title="Kalanna – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalanna" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Шэнэ жэлэй һайндэр – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шэнэ жэлэй һайндэр" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27any" title="Cap d'any – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cap d'any" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB_(%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B2)" title="Çĕнĕ Çул (уяв) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ Çул (уяв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-ong_Tuig" title="Bag-ong Tuig – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bag-ong Tuig" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%BD_rok" title="Nový rok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nový rok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_A%C3%B1o" title="Nuevo Año – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Nuevo Año" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyt%C3%A5r" title="Nytår – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nytår" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neujahr" title="Neujahr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neujahr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཟླཝ་དང་པའི་ལོ་གསར། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཟླཝ་དང་པའི་ལོ་གསར།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusaasta" title="Uusaasta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uusaasta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Πρωτοχρονιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτοχρονιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2%E1%B9%85_Cavd%C3%A0n" title="Bòṅ Cavdàn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bòṅ Cavdàn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo" title="Año Nuevo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Año Nuevo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novjaro" title="Novjaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novjaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1u_Nuevu" title="Añu Nuevu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Añu Nuevu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urteberri" title="Urteberri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urteberri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88" title="سال نو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سال نو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jour_de_l%27an" title="Jour de l'an – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jour de l'an" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliadhna_%C3%99r" title="Bliadhna Ùr – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bliadhna Ùr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aninovo" title="Aninovo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aninovo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%88%ED%95%B4" title="새해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="새해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ամանոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամանոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="नव वर्ष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नव वर्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowe_l%C4%9Bto" title="Nowe lěto – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nowe lěto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_godina" title="Nova godina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova godina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-yaro" title="Nov-yaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nov-yaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baro_a_Tawen" title="Baro a Tawen – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baro a Tawen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun_baru" title="Tahun baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tahun baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ног аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ног аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ram%C3%B3t" title="Áramót – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Áramót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capodanno" title="Capodanno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capodanno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94" title="תחילת שנה חדשה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחילת שנה חדשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsa_Enggal" title="Warsa Enggal – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Warsa Enggal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ახალი წელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალი წელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowi_Rok" title="Nowi Rok – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Nowi Rok" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Жаңа жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwaka_mpya" title="Mwaka mpya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwaka mpya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Выль во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Выль во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Жаңы жыл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жаңы жыл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="ЦӀусса шин – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЦӀусса шин" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunais_gads" title="Jaunais gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunais gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujieji_metai" title="Naujieji metai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujieji metai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C9%94l%C9%94_ya_mob%C3%BA_ya_s%C3%ADk%C3%A1" title="Mokɔlɔ ya mobú ya síká – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokɔlɔ ya mobú ya síká" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anio_nova" title="Anio nova – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Anio nova" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj%C3%A9v" title="Újév – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újév" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нова година – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова година" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പുതുവത്സരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുതുവത്സരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="नवीन वर्ष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नवीन वर्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ახალი წანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ახალი წანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87" title="راس السنه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راس السنه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun_Baru" title="Tahun Baru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tahun Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Шинэ жилийн баяр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шинэ жилийн баяр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabaki_vou" title="Yabaki vou – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yabaki vou" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwjaar" title="Nieuwjaar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nieuwjaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijjoar" title="Nijjoar – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nijjoar" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="नयाँ वर्ष – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नयाँ वर्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="新年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nytt%C3%A5r" title="Nyttår – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nyttår" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nytt%C3%A5r" title="Nyttår – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nyttår" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_N%C3%B2u" title="An Nòu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="An Nòu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3_%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="У ий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="У ий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7" title="ନୂତନ ବର୍ଷ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନୂତନ ବର୍ଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangi_yil" title="Yangi yil – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yangi yil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨਵਾਂ ਸਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਵਾਂ ਸਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نواں سال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نواں سال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1a_Nobo" title="Aña Nobo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aña Nobo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نوی کال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوی کال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Rok" title="Nowy Rok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy Rok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano-novo" title="Ano-novo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ano-novo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neujoo%C3%9Fdaach" title="Neujooßdaach – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Neujooßdaach" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anul_Nou" title="Anul Nou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anul Nou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musuq_Wata" title="Musuq Wata – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musuq Wata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Новый год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новый год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Саҥа Дьыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саҥа Дьыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viti_i_Ri" title="Viti i Ri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viti i Ri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capudannu" title="Capudannu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capudannu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB" title="නව වසර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නව වසර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Year" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نئون سال – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نئون سال" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%BD_rok" title="Nový rok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nový rok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_leto" title="Novo leto – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Novo leto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sannadka_cusub" title="Sannadka cusub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sannadka cusub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нова година – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова година" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_godina" title="Nova godina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova godina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabaru" title="Pabaru – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pabaru" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusivuosi" title="Uusivuosi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusivuosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%A5r" title="Nyår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nyår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Taon" title="Bagong Taon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagong Taon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="புத்தாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புத்தாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Яңа ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яңа ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కొత్త సంవత్సరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొత్త సంవత్సరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Соли Нав – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли Нав" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_y%C4%B1l" title="Yeni yıl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni yıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4ze_%C3%BDyl" title="Täze ýyl – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Täze ýyl" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Новий рік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Новий рік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88" title="سال نو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سال نو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_moq" title="Bi moq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bi moq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_de_Ano" title="Cao de Ano – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cao de Ano" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uz%27_voz%27" title="Uz' voz' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Uz' voz'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83m_m%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Năm mới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Năm mới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novelan" title="Novelan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Novelan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juya_jeket%C3%BC" title="Juya jeketü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Juya jeketü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwjoar" title="Nieuwjoar – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nieuwjoar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-o_nga_Tuig" title="Bag-o nga Tuig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bag-o nga Tuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="新年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="新年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Fan%C3%AA_Korm%C4%B1%C5%9Fkani" title="Roşanê Kormışkani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Roşanê Kormışkani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauj%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97_met%C4%81" title="Naujė̄jė metā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Naujė̄jė metā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="新年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C9%96eglaxw%C3%A8" title="Taɖeglaxwè – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Taɖeglaxwè" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taun_Baru" title="Taun Baru – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Taun Baru" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34812#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:New_Year" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Beginning of the calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/New_Year_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New Year (disambiguation)">New Year (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/220px-Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/330px-Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg/440px-Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> celebration in <a href="/wiki/Copacabana,_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro">Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (2004)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>New Year</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a> or day at which a new <a href="/wiki/Calendar_year" title="Calendar year">calendar year</a> begins and the calendar's <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">year count</a> increments by one. Many cultures celebrate the event in some manner.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the most widely used calendar system today, New Year occurs on January 1 (<a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>, preceded by <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>). This was also the first day of the year in the original <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a> (after 153 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other cultures observe their traditional or religious New Year's Day according to their own customs, typically (though not invariably) because they use a <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a>, Tamil New Year (<a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish New Year">Jewish New Year</a> are among well-known examples. India, Nepal, and other countries also celebrate New Year on dates according to their own calendars that are movable in the Gregorian calendar. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, while the Julian calendar was still in use, authorities moved New Year's Day, depending upon locale, to one of several other days, including March 1, March 25, Easter, September 1, and December 25. Since then, many national <a href="/wiki/Civil_calendar" title="Civil calendar">civil calendars</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">Western World</a> and beyond have changed to using one fixed date for New Year's Day, January 1—most doing so when they <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">adopted the Gregorian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_type">By type</h2></div> <p>Based on the used calendar new years are often categorized between <a href="/wiki/Lunar_new_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar new year">lunar or lunisolar new years</a> or <a href="/wiki/Solar_new_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar new year">solar new years</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_month_or_season">By month or season</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCutcheonNY1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McCutcheonNY1905.jpg/220px-McCutcheonNY1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McCutcheonNY1905.jpg/330px-McCutcheonNY1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McCutcheonNY1905.jpg/440px-McCutcheonNY1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2085" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baby_New_Year" title="Baby New Year">Baby New Year</a> 1905 chases old 1904 into the history books in this cartoon by <a href="/wiki/John_T._McCutcheon" title="John T. McCutcheon">John T. McCutcheon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>January 1: The first day of the civil year in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> used by most <a href="/wiki/Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries">countries</a>. <ul><li>Contrary to common belief in the west, the civil New Year of January 1 is not an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christian</a> religious holiday. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a> makes no provision for the observance of a New Year. January 1 is itself a religious holiday, but that is because it is the feast of the circumcision of Christ (seven days after His birth), and a <a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">commemoration of saints</a>. While the liturgical calendar begins September 1, there is also no particular religious observance attached to the start of the new cycle. Orthodox nations may, however, make civil celebrations for the New Year. Those who adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">revised Julian calendar</a> (which synchronizes dates with the Gregorian calendar), including Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Romania, Syria, and Turkey, observe both the religious and civil holidays on January 1. In other nations and locations where Orthodox churches still adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, including Georgia, Israel, Russia, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Ukraine, the civil new year is observed on January 1 of the civil calendar, while those same religious feasts occur on January 14 Gregorian (which is January 1 Julian), in accord with the liturgical calendar.</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Japanese New Year</a> (正月, Shōgatsu) is currently celebrated on January 1, with the holiday usually being observed until the January 3, while other sources say that Shōgatsu lasts until January 6. In 1873, five years after the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar. Prior to 1873, Japan used a lunar calendar with twelve months each of 29 or 30 days for a total year of about 354 days.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> celebrated <a href="/wiki/O%C4%91%C4%91ajagem%C3%A1nnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ođđajagemánnu">Ođđajagemánnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winter_lunar_new_years">Winter lunar new years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg/220px-A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg/330px-A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg/440px-A_journey_to_the_Liaohe_River_Bridge_in_Tieling_County_31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>A Happy New Year sign in northeastern China</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, also known as Spring Festival or Lunar New Year, occurs every year on the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a> of the first lunar month, about the beginning of spring (<a href="/wiki/Lichun" title="Lichun">Lichun</a>). The exact date can fall any time between January 21 and February 21 (inclusive) of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a>. Traditionally, years were marked by one of twelve <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a>, represented by an animal, and one of ten <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a>, which correspond to the <a href="/wiki/Five_elements_(Chinese_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five elements (Chinese philosophy)">five elements</a>. This combination <a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">cycles every 60 years</a>. It is the most important Chinese celebration of the year.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Korean New Year</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Seollal" class="mw-redirect" title="Seollal">Seollal</a> or Lunar New Year's Day. Although January 1 is, in fact, the first day of the year, Seollal, the first day of the lunar calendar, is more meaningful for Koreans. A celebration of the Lunar New Year is believed to have started to let in good luck and ward off bad spirits all throughout the year. With the old year out and a new one in, people gather at home and sit around with their families and relatives, catching up on what they have been doing.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese New Year">Vietnamese New Year</a> is the <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Nguy%C3%AAn_%C4%90%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Tết Nguyên Đán">Tết Nguyên Đán</a> which most times is the same day as the Chinese New Year due to the Vietnamese using a Lunar calendar similar to the Chinese calendar.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> New Year is <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> and falls between January and March.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> New Year began with the first New Moon after the <a href="/wiki/Northward_equinox" class="mw-redirect" title="Northward equinox">northward equinox</a>. Ancient celebrations lasted for eleven days.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nava Varsha is celebrated in India in various regions from March–April.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">New Year</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>, is the day containing the exact moment of the Northward equinox, which usually occurs on March 20 or 21, marking the start of the spring season. The <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> New Year coincides with the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> New Year of <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> and is celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a> in India and by Zoroastrians and Persians across the world. In the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a>, the new year occurs on the vernal equinox on March 20 or 21 and is called <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a>. The Iranian tradition was also passed on to Central Asian countries, including Kazakhs, Uzbeks, and Uighurs, and there is known as <a href="/wiki/Nauryz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauryz">Nauryz</a>. It is usually celebrated on March 22.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Balinese</a> New Year, based on the Saka Calendar (Balinese-Javanese Calendar), is called <a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a>, and it falls on Bali's Lunar New Year (around March). It is a day of silence, fasting, and meditation: observed from 6 am until 6 am the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for self-reflection and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. Although Nyepi is a primarily Hindu holiday, non-Hindu residents of Bali observe the day of silence as well, out of respect for their fellow citizens. Even tourists are not exempt; although free to do as they wish inside their hotels, no one is allowed onto the beaches or streets, and the only airport in Bali remains closed for the entire day. The only exceptions granted are for emergency vehicles carrying those with life-threatening conditions and women about to give birth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>: <span lang="te">ఉగాది</span>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>: <span lang="kn">ಯುಗಾದಿ</span>); the Telugu and Kannada New Year, generally falls in the months of March or April. The people of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> states in southern India celebrate the advent of New Year's Day in these months. The first month of the new year is Chaitra Masa.</li> <li>In the Kashmiri calendar, the holiday <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Pandit_festivals#Navreh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri Pandit festivals">Navreh</a> marks the New Year in March–April. This holy day of <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri people">Kashmiri</a> Brahmins has been celebrated for several millennia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> is celebrated as the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> year by the people of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India and Sanskar Padwa is celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>. This day falls in March–April and coincides with <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>. (see: <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindhi</a> festival of <a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> is celebrated on the same day as <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> to mark the celebration of the Sindhi New Year.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thelemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic">Thelemic</a> New Year on March 20 (or on April 8 by some accounts) is usually celebrated with an invocation to <a href="/wiki/Ra-Hoor-Khuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ra-Hoor-Khuit">Ra-Hoor-Khuit</a>, commemorating the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">New Aeon</a> in 1904. It also marks the start of the twenty-two-day Thelemic holy season, which ends on the third day of the writing of <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law">The Book of the Law</a>. This date is also known as The Feast of the Supreme Ritual. There are some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> that believe the Thelemic New Year falls on either March 19, 20, or 21, depending on the vernal equinox, which is The Feast for the Equinox of the Gods on the vernal equinox of each year to commemorate the founding of Thelema in 1904. In 1904 the vernal equinox was on March 21, and it was the day after <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> ended his Horus Invocation that brought on the new Æon and Thelemic New Year.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3></div> <ul><li>The Chaldean-Babylonian New Year, called <a href="/wiki/Kha_b%27Nissan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kha b'Nissan">Kha b'Nissan</a> or Resha d'Sheeta, occurs on April 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic">Thelemic</a> New Year Celebrations usually end on April 10, after an approximately one-month-long period that begins on March 20 (the formal New Year). This one-month period is referred to by many as the High Holy Days, and end with periods of observance on April 8, 9, and 10, coinciding with the three days of the Writing of the Book of the Law by <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-April_(Spring_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere)"><span id="Mid-April_.28Spring_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere.29"></span>Mid-April (Spring in the Northern Hemisphere)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="South and Southeast Asian New Year">South and Southeast Asian New Year</a></div> <p>The new year of many <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian">Southeast Asian</a> calendars falls between April 13–15, marking the beginning of spring. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> celebrate their new year called Bege Roch in the month of Daardans according to their Saaldar calendar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> New Year (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">தமிழ்புத்தாண்டு</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></i>) is celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, on the first of <i>Chithrai</i> (சித்திரை) (April 13, 14, or 15). In the temple city of <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, the Chithrai Thiruvizha is celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple" title="Meenakshi Temple">Meenakshi Temple</a>. A huge exhibition is also held, called Chithrai Porutkaatchi. In some parts of Southern <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, it is also called Chithrai <a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a>. The day is marked with a feast in <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> homes and the entrance to the houses are decorated elaborately with <a href="/wiki/Kolam" title="Kolam">kolams</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> (ਵਿਸਾਖੀ) is celebrated on April 14 in <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> according to their <a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanakshahi">nanakshahi</a> calendar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> New Year in Nepal is celebrated on the 1st of <a href="/wiki/Baisakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisakh">Baisakh</a> <i>Baisākh</i> which falls on 12–15 April in the Gregorian calendar. Nepal follows the <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Sambat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram Sambat">Bikram Sambat (BS)</a> as an official calendar.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> celebrate their new year Chaitti in the month of Chaitra.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithili New Year">Maithili New Year</a> or <b>Jude-Sheetal</b> too fall on these days. It is celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Maithils" title="Maithils">Maithili People</a> all around the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese</a> New Year (<i><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Rongali Bihu</a></i> or <i>Bohag Bihu</i>) is celebrated on April 14 or 15 in the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali</a> New Year (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">পহেলা বৈশাখ</span> <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B4hela_Boishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pôhela Boishakh">Pôhela Boishakh</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">বাংলা নববর্ষ</span> <i>Bangla Nôbobôrsho</i>) is celebrated on the 1st of <a href="/wiki/Boishakh" title="Boishakh">Boishakh</a> (April 14 or 15) in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">Odia</a> New Year (<i><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Odisha" title="Festivals of Odisha">Vishuva Sankranti</a></i>) is celebrated on April 14 in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. It is also called <a href="/wiki/Vishuva_Sankranti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishuva Sankranti">Vishuva Sankranti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (ପଣା ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତି).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Manipuri</a> New Year or Cheirouba is celebrated on April 14 in the Indian State of Manipur with much festivities and feasting.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Sinhalese New Year</a> is celebrated with the harvest festival (in the month of Bak) when the sun moves from the Meena Rashiya (House of Pisces) to the Mesha Rashiya (House of Aries). Sri Lankans begin celebrating their National New Year "Aluth Avurudda (අලුත් අවුරුද්ද)" in Sinhala and "Puththandu (புத்தாண்டு)" in Tamil. However, unlike the usual practice where the new year begins at midnight, the National New Year begins at the time determined by the astrologers by calculating the exact time that sun goes from Meena Rashiya (House of Pisces) to the Mesha Rashiya (House of Aries). Not only the beginning of the new year but the conclusion of the old year is also specified by the astrologers. And unlike the customary ending and beginning of the new year, there is a period of a few hours in between the conclusion of the Old Year and the commencement of the New Year, which is called the "nona gathe" (neutral period) Where part of the sun in House of Pisces and Part is in House of Aries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayali</a> New Year (<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>: <span lang="ml">വിഷു</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></i>) is celebrated in the South Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in mid-April.</li> <li>Western parts of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> where Tulu is spoken, the new year is celebrated along with Tamil/ Malayali New year April 14 or 15, although in other parts most commonly celebrated on the day of <a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Maharashtrian</a> new year. In <a href="/wiki/Kodagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu">Kodagu</a>, in Southwestern Karnataka, however, both new year, Yugadi (corresponding to Gudi Padwa in March) and Bisu (corresponding to Vishu in around April 14 or 15), are observed.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Water_Festival" title="Water Festival">Water Festival</a> is the form of similar new year celebrations taking place in many <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian">Southeast Asian</a> countries, on the day of the full moon of the 11th month on the <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendar</a> each year. The date of the festival is based on the traditional lunisolar calendar which determines the dates of Buddhist festivals and holidays, and is observed from April 13 to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally people gently sprinkled water on one another as a sign of respect, but since the new year falls during the hottest month in Southeast Asia, many people end up dousing strangers and passersby in vehicles in boisterous celebration. The festival has many different names specific to each country: <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> it is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my" style="font-style: normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1204105569">.mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{line-height:100%;font-family:"Noto Sans Myanmar",Pyidaungsu,"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}</style><span class="script-myanmar">သင်္ကြန်</span></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/MLC_Transcription_System" title="MLC Transcription System">MLCTS</a>: <i><span title="Transcription in Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System">sangkran</span></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">สงกรานต์</span>) in Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year"><i>Pi Mai Lao</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ສົງກຣານ</span> <i>Songkan</i>) in Laos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year"><i>Chaul Chnam Thmey</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">បុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី</span> ) in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>.</li> <li>It is also the traditional new year of the <a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yunnan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunnan Province">Yunnan Province</a>, China. Religious activities in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism are also carried out, a tradition in which all of these cultures share.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3></div> <ul><li>The New Year of the <a href="/wiki/Kutchi_people" title="Kutchi people">Kutchi people</a> occurs on <i>Ashadi Beej</i>, that is 2nd day of <a href="/wiki/Shukla_paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukla paksha">Shukla paksha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aashaadha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aashaadha">Aashaadha</a> month of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a>. As for people of <a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a>, this day is associated with the beginning of rains in Kutch, which is largely a desert area. Hindu calendar month of Aashaadh usually begins on June 22 and ending on July 22.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunde_Festival" title="Odunde Festival">Odunde Festival</a> is a celebration on the 2nd Sunday of June, where "Odunde" means "Happy New Year" in the Yorube Nigerian language.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Xooy" title="Xooy">Xooy</a> ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a> of Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania marks the Serer New Year.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon religion</a>, the <i>Bulo</i> festival marks the <a href="/wiki/Dogon_people" title="Dogon people">Dogon</a> New Year.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3></div> <ul><li>The New Year of the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu people</a> occurs on the full moon of July.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neyrouz" class="mw-redirect" title="Neyrouz">Neyrouz</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a> New Year, is the continuation of the <a href="#Variable">ancient Egyptian New Year</a> following the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>'s reform of its calendar. Its date of <a href="/wiki/Thoth_(month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoth (month)">Thoth</a> 1 usually occurs on August 29 in the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, except in the year before a Julian <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a>, when it occurs the next day. The <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a> removed from the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> mean that it presently falls on September 11 or 12 but on different days before 1900 or after 2100.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a> New Year, occurs on the same day as Neyrouz.</li> <li>The New Year of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionary Calendar">French Revolutionary Calendar</a>, in force from 1793 to 1805 and briefly under the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a> in 1871, occurred on the <a href="/wiki/Southward_equinox" class="mw-redirect" title="Southward equinox">Southward equinox</a> (22, 23, or 24 September)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autumn_in_the_Northern_Hemisphere">Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> for 'head of the year') is a Jewish, two day holiday, commemorating the culmination of the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis creation myth">seven days of Creation</a>, and marking God's yearly renewal of His world. The day has elements of festivity and introspection, as God is traditionally believed to be assessing His creation and determining the fate of all men and creatures for the coming year. In Jewish tradition, honey is used to symbolize a sweet new year. At the traditional meal for that holiday, apple slices are dipped in honey and eaten with blessings recited for a good, sweet new year. Some Rosh Hashanah greetings show honey and an apple, symbolizing the feast. In some congregations, small straws of honey are given out to usher in the new year.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pathans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathans">Pathans</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalasha" title="Kalasha">Kalasha</a> celebrate their Chowmus which marks the beginning of their year in <a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Marwaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwaris">Marwari</a> New Year (Thapna) is celebrated on the day of the festival of <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, which is the last day <a href="/wiki/Paksha" title="Paksha">Krishna Paksha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ashvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashvin">Ashvin</a> month & also the last day of the Ashvin month of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> New Year (<a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Bestu/Nao Varas</a>) is celebrated the day after the festival of <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> (which occurs in mid-fall – either October or November, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a>). The Gujarati New Year is synonymous with <i>sud ekam</i>, i.e. first day of <a href="/wiki/Shukla_paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukla paksha">Shukla paksha</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kartika_(month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartika (month)">Kartik</a></i> month, which is taken as the first day of the first month of the Gujarati lunar calendar. Most other <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> celebrate the New Year in early spring. The Gujarati community all over the world celebrates the New Year after Diwali to mark the beginning of a new fiscal year.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_people" title="Sikkimese people">Sikkimese</a> celebrate their new year called <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a>.</li> <li>The Nepal Era New year (see <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a>) is celebrated in regions encompassing original Nepal. The new year occurs on the fourth day of <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>. The calendar was used as an official calendar until the mid-19th century. However, the new year is still celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Newars" class="mw-redirect" title="Newars">Newars</a> community of Nepal.</li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/Neo-pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-pagan">neo-pagans</a> celebrate their interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> (a festival of the ancient Celts, held around November 1) as a New Year's Day representing the new cycle of the <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wheel of the Year</a>, although they do not use a different calendar that starts on this day.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeast India</a> celebrate their <a href="/wiki/Pawl_Kut" title="Pawl Kut">Pawl Kut</a> in December.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yupik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yupik people">Yupik</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_people" title="Chukchi people">Chukchi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a> celebrate <a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a>: <span lang="iu">ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑎᖃᕐᕕᒃ</span>) as their New Year. It occurs on the same day as <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable">Variable</h3></div> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F15.png?5b309" height="38" title="F15" alt="F15" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: silver; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em"><span class="nowrap">Opening of the Year<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Transliteration_of_ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliteration of ancient Egyptian">Wpt Rnpt</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-vygus_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vygus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a> occurs on <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> is based on 12 <a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">lunar months</a> amounting to about 354 days, its New Year occurs about eleven days earlier each year in relation to the Gregorian calendar, with two Islamic New Years falling in the Gregorian year 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> New Year, which falls on the first day of the month of <i>Suro</i> and corresponds with the first Islamic month of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>. Most <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> celebrated it by staying at home and refrain leaving the house.</li> <li>The "Opening of the Year" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <i lang="egy">Wp(t) Rnpt</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">افتتاح العام</span> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Aiftitah al-Eam</i></span></i>), usually transcribed as Wep Renpet, was the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> New Year. It appears to have originally been set to occur upon <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">return to the night sky</a> (July 19 proleptic <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-teatime_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teatime-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the initial stages of former <a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">annual flood</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>. However the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian calendar</a>'s lack of <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>, until its reform by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, meant that the celebration slowly cycled through the entire solar year over the course of two or three 1460-year <a href="/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle">Sothic cycles</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_liturgical_year">Christian liturgical year</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></div> <p>The early development of the Christian liturgical year coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (east and west), and later the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, both of which employed a taxation system labeled the <a href="/wiki/Indiction" title="Indiction">Indiction</a>, the years for which began on September 1. This timing may account for the ancient church's establishment of September 1 as the beginning of the liturgical year, despite the official Roman New Year's Day of January 1 in the Julian calendar, because the Indiction was the principal means for counting years in the empires, apart from the reigns of the Emperors. The September 1 date prevailed throughout all of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> for many centuries, until subsequent divisions eventually produced revisions in some places. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">sack of Rome</a> in 410, communications and travel between east and west deteriorated. Liturgical developments in Rome and Constantinople did not always match, although a rigid adherence to form was never mandated in the church. Nevertheless, the principal points of development were maintained between east and west. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Liturgy" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Liturgy">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Constantinopolitan</a> liturgical calendars remained compatible even after the <a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a> in 1054. Separations between the Catholic <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a> grew only over several centuries' time. During those intervening centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> Catholic ecclesiastic year was moved to the first day of <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a>, the Sunday nearest to <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St. Andrew's Day</a> (November 30). By the time of the Reformation (early 16th century), the Roman Catholic general calendar provided the initial basis for the calendars for the liturgically oriented Protestants, including the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> Churches, who inherited this observation of the liturgical new year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The present-day Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar is the virtual culmination of the ancient eastern development cycle, though it includes later additions based on subsequent history and lives of saints. It still begins on September 1, proceeding annually into the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_the_Theotokos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of the Theotokos">Nativity of the Theotokos</a> (September 8) and <a href="/wiki/Exaltation_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaltation of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a> (September 14) to the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Christ">Nativity of Christ</a> (Christmas), through his death and resurrection (Pascha/Easter), to his Ascension and the <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition of the Theotokos">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> ("falling asleep" of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, August 15). This last feast is known in the Roman Catholic church as the Assumption. The dating of "September 1" is according to the "new" (revised) Julian calendar or the "old" (standard) Julian calendar, depending on which is used by a particular Orthodox Church. Hence, it may fall on September 1 on the civil calendar, or on September 14 (between 1900 and 2099 inclusive). </p><p>The liturgical calendars of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian</a> Orthodox churches are unrelated to these systems but instead follow the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian calendar">Alexandrian calendar</a> which fixed the wandering <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian calendar">ancient Egyptian calendar</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian year (calendar)">Julian year</a>. Their New Year celebrations on <a href="/wiki/Neyrouz" class="mw-redirect" title="Neyrouz">Neyrouz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> were fixed; however, at a point in the <a href="/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle">Sothic cycle</a> close to the <a href="/wiki/Indiction" title="Indiction">Indiction</a>; between the years 1900 and 2100, they fall on September 11 during most years and September 12 in the years preceding a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_European_new_year_dates">Historical European new year dates</h2></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, years began on the date on which each consul first entered the office. This was probably May 1 before 222 BC, March 15 from 222 BC to 154 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and January 1 from 153 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 45 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s new <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> took effect, the Senate fixed January 1 as the first day of the year. At that time, this was the date on which those who were to hold civil office assumed their official position, and it was also the traditional annual date for the convening of the Roman Senate. This civil new year remained in effect throughout the Roman Empire, east and west, during its lifetime and well after, wherever the Julian calendar continued in use. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> in Europe a number of significant feast days in the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical calendar">ecclesiastical calendar</a> of the Roman Catholic Church came to be used as the <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(calendar)#Julian_start_of_the_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian year (calendar)">beginning of the Julian year</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="anchor" id="Circumcision_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Circumcision_style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Modern_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="modern_style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Modern_style"></span>In <i>Modern Style</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritter_2005,_p._194-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Circumcision Style</i> dating, the new year started on January 1, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Feast of the Circumcision of Christ</a>.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Annunciation_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Annunciation_style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Lady_Day_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Lady_Day_style"></span>In <i>Annunciation Style</i> or <i>Lady Day Style</i> dating the new year started on March 25,<sup id="cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritter_2005,_p._194-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> (traditionally nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Lady_Day" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a>). This date was used in many parts of Europe during the Middle Ages and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Advent_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Advent-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Easter_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Easter_style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Good_Friday_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Good_Friday_style"></span>In <i>Easter Style</i> dating, the new year started on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> (the day before <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-fantazzi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fantazzi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or sometimes on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. This was used all over Europe, but especially in France, from the eleventh to the sixteenth century. A disadvantage of this system was that because Easter was a <a href="/wiki/Movable_feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Movable feast">movable feast</a> the same date could occur twice in a year; the two occurrences were distinguished as "before Easter" and "after Easter".</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Christmas_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Christmas_style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Nativity_Style"></span><span class="anchor" id="Nativity_style"></span>In <i>Christmas Style</i> or <i>Nativity Style</i> dating the new year started on December 25. This was used in Germany and England until the eleventh century,<sup id="cite_ref-England_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Spain from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century.</li></ul> <p>Over the centuries, countries changed between styles until the Modern Style (January 1) prevailed. For example, </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, either Annunciation Style (March 25) or Nativity Style (December 25th) was used until the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> in 1066, when Modern Style (January 1) was adopted; but Annunciation Style was used again from 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-England_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> changed from Annunciation Style (March 25) to Modern Style with effect from January 1, 1600 (by Order of the King's <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> on December 17, 1599).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Despite the unification of the Scottish and English royal crowns with the accession of King James VI and I in 1603, and even the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">union of the kingdoms themselves</a> in 1707, England continued using Annunciation Style while Scotland used Modern Style.</li> <li>The final change came when Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a>. This act had two major elements: it converted all parts of the British Empire<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to use of the Gregorian calendar and simultaneously it declared the civil new year in England, Wales, Ireland and the Colonies to be January 1 (as was already the case in Scotland). It went into effect on 3 September (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>) or 14<span class="nowrap"> </span>September (New Style) 1752.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritter_2005,_p._194-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A more unusual case is France, which observed the <a href="/wiki/Southward_equinox" class="mw-redirect" title="Southward equinox">Northern autumn equinox</a> day (usually September 22) as "New Year's Day" in the <a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">French Republican Calendar</a>, which was in use from 1793 to 1805. This was <i>primidi Vendémiaire</i>, the first day of the first month. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoptions_of_January_1">Adoptions of January 1</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">Adoption of the Gregorian calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a></div> <p>It took quite a long time before January 1 again became the universal or standard start of the civil year. The years of adoption of January 1 as the new year are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Start year </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (~Germany)<sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1544 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain, Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1556 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1559 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France (<a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Roussillon" title="Edict of Roussillon">Edict of Roussillon</a>)</td> <td>1564 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1576 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>1579 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a><sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1583 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1700<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1721 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> and <br /> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-MS_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1752 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thailand</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>1941 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>March 1 was the first day of the numbered year in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> until its destruction in 1797,<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_-_New_Year_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning_-_New_Year-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> from 988 until 1492 (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a> 7000 in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_-_New_Year_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning_-_New_Year-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> September 1 was used in Russia from 1492 (A.M. 7000) until the adoption of both the <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> notation and 1 January as New Year's Day, with effect from 1700, via December 1699 decrees (1735, 1736) of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ukase_1736_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukase_1736-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_zones">Time zones</h2></div> <p>Because of the division of the globe into <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zones</a>, the new year moves progressively around the globe as the start of the day ushers in the New Year. The first time zone to usher in the New Year, just west of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>, is located in the <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a>, a part of the nation of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, and has a time zone 14 hours ahead of <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other time zones are 1 to 25 hours behind, most in the previous day (December 31); on <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway</a>, it is still 11 pm on December 30. These are among the last inhabited places to observe New Year. However, uninhabited outlying US territories <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> are designated as lying within the time zone 12 hours behind UTC, the last places on Earth to see the arrival of January 1. These small coral islands are found about midway between Hawaii and Australia, about 1,000 miles west of the Line Islands. This is because the International Date Line is a composite of local time zone arrangements, which winds through the Pacific Ocean, allowing each locale to remain most closely connected in time with the nearest or largest or most convenient political and economic locales with which each associate. By the time Howland Island sees the new year, it is 2 am on January 2 in the Line Islands of Kiribati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery_of_celebrations">Gallery of celebrations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Year's Eve celebration in Helsinki, Finland (2016)"><img alt="New Year's Eve celebration in Helsinki, Finland (2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg/180px-New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg/270px-New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg/360px-New_Year_2016_in_the_city_of_Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Year's Eve celebration in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (2016)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_(13970101000005636571882740976326_78974).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iranian New Year's celebration in Sanandaj on date and time of March equinox (2018)"><img alt="Iranian New Year's celebration in Sanandaj on date and time of March equinox (2018)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg/180px-New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg/270px-New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg/360px-New_Year_celebration_in_Sanandaj_%2813970101000005636571882740976326_78974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian New Year">Iranian New Year</a>'s celebration in <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a> on date and time of <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">March equinox</a> (2018)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian New Year">Assyrian New Year</a>, also known as Kha b-Nisan – Spring festival of indigenous Assyrians, celebrated on the first day of April</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Aztec New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_New_Year" title="Baby New Year">Baby New Year</a> – Personification of the New Year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Berber New Year</a>, also known as Yennayer – First month of the Berber year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Cambodian New Year</a> – Traditional Cambodian holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> – Traditional Chinese holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian New Year">Ethiopian New Year</a>, also known as Enkutatash – Public holiday of the New Year in Ethiopia and Eritrea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a> – Scottish celebration of New Year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> – Nisg̱a'a new year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a> – Indian New Year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a> – Beginning of a new lunar Hijri year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Japanese New Year</a> – Traditional holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Jewish New Year</a> – Jewish New Year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Korean New Year</a> – Traditional Korean holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> – Beginning of a year in a lunar calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Māori New Year</a> – Maori New Year festival marked by rising of the constellation Matariki/Pleiades</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Mongolian New Year</a> – First day of the year according to the Mongolian lunar calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> – Last day of the Gregorian calendar year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> – Ossetian New Year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (or Orthodox New Year, Julian New Year)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a> – Changes in calendar conventions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a> – Bengali new year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Pakistani New Year</a> – Religious, harvest and traditional new year festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Persian New Year</a> – Iranian New Year marking the March equinox</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novy_God" title="Novy God">Russian New Year</a> – New Year celebrations in Russia and other post-Soviet countries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Sinhalese New Year</a> – Sri Lankan new year holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Thai New Year</a> – Traditional Thai New Year's holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Grapes" title="Twelve Grapes">Twelve Grapes</a> – Spanish New Year tradition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese New Year">Vietnamese New Year</a>, also known as Tết – Vietnamese New Year celebration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_New_Year" title="List of films set around New Year">List of films set around New Year</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/15px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/23px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/30px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including Great Britain, of course.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A 1725 date given in some sources probably originates from Bond (1875) (p. 101) but is not correct, as the 1699 <i><a href="/wiki/Ukase" title="Ukase">Ukase</a></i> № 1736 (20 December 1699 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates"><span style="font-size:90%;">[O.S.]</span></a> (30 December <span style="font-size:90%;">[N.S.]</span>) promulgating it attests.<sup id="cite_ref-Ukase_1736_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukase_1736-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Aveni, "Happy New Year! But Why Now?" in <i>The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays</i> (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2003), 11–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFForsythe2012" class="citation book cs1">Forsythe, Gary (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hTDku_ZQ0JgC&pg=PA14"><i>Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History</i></a>. Routledge. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52217-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52217-5"><bdi>978-0-415-52217-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+in+Roman+Religion%3A+One+Thousand+Years+of+Religious+History&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-52217-5&rft.aulast=Forsythe&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhTDku_ZQ0JgC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavina1998" class="citation book cs1">Ravina, Mark (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nqdT8xPiFNYC&pg=PR19"><i>Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804763868" title="Special:BookSources/9780804763868"><bdi>9780804763868</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160720/https://books.google.com/books?id=nqdT8xPiFNYC&pg=PR19">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+Lordship+in+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780804763868&rft.aulast=Ravina&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnqdT8xPiFNYC%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/anthro/concept-time.htm">"The Sami Concept of Time"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719062439/http://www.laits.utexas.edu/sami/dieda/anthro/concept-time.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sami+Concept+of+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laits.utexas.edu%2Fsami%2Fdieda%2Fanthro%2Fconcept-time.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTek_Web_Visuals,_Cochina" class="citation web cs1">Tek Web Visuals, Cochina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldescan.com/Festivity_Newyear.php">"New Year's Day"</a>. World e scan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110180850/http://www.worldescan.com/Festivity_Newyear.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Year%27s+Day&rft.pub=World+e+scan&rft.au=Tek+Web+Visuals%2C+Cochina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldescan.com%2FFestivity_Newyear.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelema.org/home/thelemic_holy_season.html">The Thelemic Holy Season</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619132522/http://www.thelema.org/home/thelemic_holy_season.html">Archived</a> 2017-06-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrump2016" class="citation book cs1">Crump, William D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235"><i>Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</i></a>. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476607481" title="Special:BookSources/9781476607481"><bdi>9781476607481</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160719/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Year%27s+Holidays+Worldwide&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=McFarland%2C+Incorporated%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781476607481&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DujTfCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen2006" class="citation web cs1">Ben, Tzvi (22 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/112530">"Rosh Hashanah: Prayers, Shofars, Apples, Honey and Pomegranates"</a>. Israelnationalnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111127165040/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/112530">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosh+Hashanah%3A+Prayers%2C+Shofars%2C+Apples%2C+Honey+and+Pomegranates&rft.pub=Israelnationalnews.com&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.aulast=Ben&rft.aufirst=Tzvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F112530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRintluanga.2009" class="citation book cs1">Rintluanga., Pachuau (2009). <i>Mizoram : a study in comprehensive geography</i>. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8172112646" title="Special:BookSources/978-8172112646"><bdi>978-8172112646</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/471671707">471671707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mizoram+%3A+a+study+in+comprehensive+geography&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F471671707&rft.isbn=978-8172112646&rft.aulast=Rintluanga.&rft.aufirst=Pachuau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaugrandOosten2002" class="citation journal cs1">Laugrand, Frédéric; Oosten, Jarich (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/jsa/2772">"Quviasukvik. The celebration of an Inuit winter feast in the central Arctic"</a>. <i>Journal de la Société des Américanistes</i>. <b>88</b> (88): 203–225. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fjsa.2772">10.4000/jsa.2772</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161600212">161600212</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802185147/https://journals.openedition.org/jsa/2772">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Am%C3%A9ricanistes&rft.atitle=Quviasukvik.+The+celebration+of+an+Inuit+winter+feast+in+the+central+Arctic&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=88&rft.pages=203-225&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fjsa.2772&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161600212%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Laugrand&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Oosten%2C+Jarich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fjsa%2F2772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065114/https://arctickingdom.com/quviasukvik-the-inuit-winter-festival-and-christmas/">"Quviasukvik: The Inuit Winter Festival & Christmas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arctickingdom.com/quviasukvik-the-inuit-winter-festival-and-christmas/">the original</a> on 2020-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quviasukvik%3A+The+Inuit+Winter+Festival+%26+Christmas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farctickingdom.com%2Fquviasukvik-the-inuit-winter-festival-and-christmas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For alternative representations of the Opening of the Year, see <a href="/wiki/Mesori#Names" title="Mesori">Mesori</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vygus-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vygus_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVygus2015" class="citation cs2">Vygus, Mark (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/documents/VygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf"><i>Middle Egyptian Dictionary</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803121351/https://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/documents/VygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian+Dictionary&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Vygus&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pyramidtextsonline.com%2Fdocuments%2FVygusDictionaryApril2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teatime-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teatime_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTetley2014" class="citation cs2">Tetley, M. Christine (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075421/http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html"><i>The Reconstructed Chronology of the Egyptian Kings, </i>Vol. I<i><span></span></i></a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptchronology.com/uploads/2/6/9/4/26943741/ch_3_investigating_ancient_egyptian_calendars.pdf">42</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html">the original</a> on 2017-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstructed+Chronology+of+the+Egyptian+Kings%2C+Vol.+I&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Tetley&rft.aufirst=M.+Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptchronology.com%2Fvols-1--2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_M._Eckstein1987" class="citation book cs1">Arthur M. Eckstein (1987). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/senategeneralind00ecks"><i>Senate and General: Individual Decision-making and Roman Foreign Relations, 264–194 B.C.</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/senategeneralind00ecks/page/n41">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520055827" title="Special:BookSources/9780520055827"><bdi>9780520055827</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senate+and+General%3A+Individual+Decision-making+and+Roman+Foreign+Relations%2C+264%E2%80%93194+B.C.&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780520055827&rft.au=Arthur+M.+Eckstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsenategeneralind00ecks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm#eponymous">Roman Dates: Eponymonous Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621043226/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm#eponymous">Archived</a> June 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritter_2005,_p._194-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritter_2005,_p._194_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitter2005" class="citation cs2">Ritter, R. M. (2005), <i>New Hart's Rules:The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 194, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191650499" title="Special:BookSources/9780191650499"><bdi>9780191650499</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Hart%27s+Rules%3AThe+Handbook+of+Style+for+Writers+and+Editors%3A+The+Handbook+of+Style+for+Writers+and+Editors&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780191650499&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Advent-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Advent_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm#beginning">"General Chronology (Beginning of the Year)"</a>. <i>CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: General Chronology</i>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New Advent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125003503/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm#beginning">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+General+Chronology&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=New+Advent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03738a.htm%23beginning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fantazzi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fantazzi_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatheeussenFantazziGeorge1987" class="citation book cs1">Matheeussen, Constant; Fantazzi, Charles; George, Edward V., eds. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZIglKV3bmAC&pg=PR17">"General Introduction, §IV. The date of the <i>Opuscula varia</i>"</a>. <i>Early Writings I</i>. Selected Works of Juan Luis Vives. Vol. 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004077829" title="Special:BookSources/9789004077829"><bdi>9789004077829</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>The <i>town</i> of Louvain, belonging to the duchy of Brabant, used the Easter Style, beginning the year at Holy Saturday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=General+Introduction%2C+%C2%A7IV.+The+date+of+the+Opuscula+varia&rft.btitle=Early+Writings+I&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Selected+Works+of+Juan+Luis+Vives&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9789004077829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeZIglKV3bmAC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-England-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-England_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-England_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond 1875</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA90&hl=en_GB">p. 91</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond1875See_footnote_on_pages_xvii–xviii:_original_text_of_the_Scottish_decree_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, See footnote on pages xvii–xviii: original text of the Scottish decree.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Spathaky <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cree.name/genuki/dates.htm">Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar: A summary for genealogists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011060050/http://www.cree.name/genuki/dates.htm">Archived</a> 2014-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denmark named 1 January as the New Year in the early 14th century according to R.W. Bauer (<i>Calender for Aarene fra 601 til 2200</i>, 1868/1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-7423-083-2" title="Special:BookSources/87-7423-083-2">87-7423-083-2</a>) although the number of the year did not begin on 1 January until 1559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang">Osteranfang</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160713092953/http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/Grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang">Archived</a> 2016-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (Easter beginning), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm">Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160628120344/http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm">Archived</a> 2016-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891–1898)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOudard1929" class="citation book cs1">Oudard, Georges (1929) [1929]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petergreat00ouda/page/197"><i>Peter the Great</i></a>. Translated by Atkinson, Frederick. New York: Payson and Clarke. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/29-027809">29-027809</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7431283W">7431283W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+the+Great&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Payson+and+Clarke&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL7431283W%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F29-027809&rft.aulast=Oudard&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetergreat00ouda%2Fpage%2F197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukase_1736-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukase_1736_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukase_1736_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003821638?page=683&rotate=0&theme=white">"Ukase No. 1736"</a>. <i>Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Том III</i> [<i>Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Volume III.</i>]. 20 December 1699. p. 683. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626203043/https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003821638?page=683&rotate=0&theme=white">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ukase+No.+1736&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+III&rft.pages=683&rft.date=1699-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviewer.rsl.ru%2Fru%2Frsl01003821638%3Fpage%3D683%26rotate%3D0%26theme%3Dwhite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gAtWc9wCHhMC&pg=PR13"><i>The Book in Japan: A Cultural History from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824823375" title="Special:BookSources/9780824823375"><bdi>9780824823375</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160719/https://books.google.com/books?id=gAtWc9wCHhMC&pg=PR13">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>Late in 1872 Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar and 1872.12.3 became 1 January 1873</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+in+Japan%3A+A+Cultural+History+from+the+Beginnings+to+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780824823375&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgAtWc9wCHhMC%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXu2005" class="citation book cs1">Xu, Guoqi (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=erOGMb8c4XEC&pg=PA34"><i>China and the Great War: China's Pursuit of a New National Identity and Internationalization</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521842129" title="Special:BookSources/9780521842129"><bdi>9780521842129</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160720/https://books.google.com/books?id=erOGMb8c4XEC&pg=PA34">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Indeed the adoption of the Gregorian calendar was the very first law passed by the new Republic of China. On December 31, 1911, the national senate passed a resolution to adopt the solar calendar immediately, regarding the next day as the first day of the first month of the first year of the Republic of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+the+Great+War%3A+China%27s+Pursuit+of+a+New+National+Identity+and+Internationalization&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780521842129&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Guoqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DerOGMb8c4XEC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassimatis1988" class="citation book cs1">Cassimatis, Louis P. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SjXLZWQWqkkC"><i>American Influence in Greece, 1917-1929</i></a>. Kent State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873383578" title="Special:BookSources/9780873383578"><bdi>9780873383578</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160722/https://books.google.com/books?id=SjXLZWQWqkkC">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Influence+in+Greece%2C+1917-1929&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780873383578&rft.aulast=Cassimatis&rft.aufirst=Louis+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSjXLZWQWqkkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavison1998" class="citation book cs1">Davison, Andrew (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=liZvZtMoFZIC&pg=PA150"><i>Secularism and Revivalism in Turkey: A Hermeneutic Reconsideration</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300069365" title="Special:BookSources/9780300069365"><bdi>9780300069365</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018160720/https://books.google.com/books?id=liZvZtMoFZIC&pg=PA150">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secularism+and+Revivalism+in+Turkey%3A+A+Hermeneutic+Reconsideration&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780300069365&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DliZvZtMoFZIC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beginning_-_New_Year-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_-_New_Year_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_-_New_Year_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fcp.vse.cz/4IZ268/2018-2019-ZS/www/litv00/semprace1/beginning.html">"Beginning - New Year"</a>. <i>fcp.vse.cz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804115649/https://fcp.vse.cz/4IZ268/2018-2019-ZS/www/litv00/semprace1/beginning.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fcp.vse.cz&rft.atitle=Beginning+-+New+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffcp.vse.cz%2F4IZ268%2F2018-2019-ZS%2Fwww%2Flitv00%2Fsemprace1%2Fbeginning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003821638?page=682&rotate=0&theme=white">"Ukase No. 1735"</a>. <i>Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Том III</i> [<i>Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Volume III.</i>]. 10 December 1699. p. 682. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627095345/https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003821638?page=682&rotate=0&theme=white">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ukase+No.+1735&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+III&rft.pages=682&rft.date=1699-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviewer.rsl.ru%2Fru%2Frsl01003821638%3Fpage%3D682%26rotate%3D0%26theme%3Dwhite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Time_Zone" class="citation web cs1">World Time Zone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/utc/utc+1400.html">"UTC+14"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702093842/http://www.worldtimezone.com/utc/utc+1400.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 Sep</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UTC%2B14&rft.au=World+Time+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtimezone.com%2Futc%2Futc%2B1400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_Aimee1999" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Aimee (April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060628045504/http://trussel.com/kir/dateline.htm">"Millennium: Date Line Politics"</a>. <i>Honolulu Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trussel.com/kir/dateline.htm">the original</a> on 28 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honolulu+Magazine&rft.atitle=Millennium%3A+Date+Line+Politics&rft.date=1999-04&rft.au=Harris%2C+Aimee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel.com%2Fkir%2Fdateline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwich2008" class="citation web cs1">Greenwich (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011135742/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/pacific/kiribati/map.htm">"Greenwich Meantime, Kiribati"</a>. <i>Kiribati Map</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/pacific/kiribati/map.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kiribati+Map&rft.atitle=Greenwich+Meantime%2C+Kiribati&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Greenwich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwp.greenwichmeantime.com%2Ftime-zone%2Fpacific%2Fkiribati%2Fmap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond1875" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_James_Bond" title="John James Bond">Bond, John James</a> (1875), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ"><i>Handy-book of rules and tables</i></a>, London: George Bell & Sons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handy-book+of+rules+and+tables&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=John+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbzAWAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Year" class="Z3988"></span> - see pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2wBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR17">xvii</a>–xviii</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:New_Year" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:New Year">New Year</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a 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<a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> (Ethiopian, Eritrean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandroana" title="Fandroana">Fandroana</a> (Malagasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a> (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Yennayer</a> (Berber)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Yancuic Xīhuitl</a> (Aztec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (Inuit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> (Nisg̱a'a)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> (Incan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkakuti" title="Willkakuti">Willkakuti</a> (Aymara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a> (Mapuche)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (Chinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Shōgatsu</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Seollal</a> (Korean)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Mongolian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Tibetan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a> (Burmese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Choul Chnam Thmey</a> (Cambodian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year">Pi Mai</a> (Lao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (Thai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-Splashing_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-Splashing Festival">Water-Splashing Festival</a> (Dai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a> (Balinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> (Javanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a> (Vietnamese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz in Afghanistan">Nauruz</a> (Afghan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> (North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a> (North & Central India (Lunar))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a> (Kashmiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> (Sindhi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a> (Gujarati, Rajasthani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a> (Assamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a> (Bengali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (Odia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a> (Maithili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> (Newari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losoong_Festival" title="Losoong Festival">Losoong</a> (Sikkimese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Ladakhi, Monpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a> (Sherpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a> (Gurung)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a> (Tamang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> (Rai, Tharu, Magar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a> (Bodo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Cheiraoba</a> (Meitei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisu" title="Buisu">Buisu</a> (Tripuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a> (Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhu" title="Bizhu">Bizhu</a> (Chakma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> (Marathi, Konkani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Telugu, Kannada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a> (Tulu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> (Tamil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> (Malayali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avurudda</a> (Sinhala)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West<br />and Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a> (Assyrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Navruz</a> (Uzbek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a> (Baháʼí)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a> (Kurd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz</a> (Azeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (Iranian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Nowruz</a> (Mazandarani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (Hebrew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a> (Mandaean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> (Ossetian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yhyakh" title="Yhyakh">Yhyakh</a> (Sakha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (Gregorian, Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (traditional Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day#Non-religious_significance" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (England, historical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a> (Hawaii)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Matariki</a> (Māori)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">Solar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_holidays_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Template:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_holidays_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Public holidays in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Andorra" title="Public holidays in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Armenia" title="Public holidays in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Austria" title="Public holidays in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belarus" title="Public holidays in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belgium" title="Public holidays in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bulgaria" title="Public holidays in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Public holidays in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Denmark" title="Public holidays in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Estonia" title="Public holidays in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Finland" title="Public holidays in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Germany" title="Public holidays in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Greece" title="Public holidays in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hungary" title="Public holidays in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iceland" title="Public holidays in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kazakhstan" title="Public holidays in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Latvia" title="Public holidays in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Liechtenstein" title="Public holidays in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Luxembourg" title="Public holidays in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Moldova" title="Public holidays in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Monaco" title="Public holidays in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Montenegro" title="Public holidays in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Macedonia" title="Public holidays in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Norway" title="Public holidays in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Poland" title="Public holidays in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_San_Marino" title="Public holidays in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovakia" title="Public holidays in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovenia" title="Public holidays in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Spain" title="Public holidays in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Turkey" title="Public holidays in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ukraine" title="Public holidays in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Abkhazia" title="Public holidays in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kosovo" title="Public holidays in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Ossetia" title="Public holidays in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Transnistria" title="Public holidays in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_%C3%85land" title="Public holidays in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Guernsey" title="Public holidays in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Public holidays in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Jersey" title="Public holidays in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Svalbard" title="Public holidays in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34812#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34812#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34812#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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