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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> 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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9332771#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> 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id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&oldid=85128437" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&id=85128437&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%258D%25A3%25E5%25A6%2582%25E5%25BE%25B7"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%258D%25A3%25E5%25A6%2582%25E5%25BE%25B7"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9332771" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg/50px-Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg/75px-Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg/100px-Ambox_current_black_and_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="437" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>此人物于<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AE%A3%E9%97%BB" title="Portal:讣闻">近期逝世</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%80%89%E4%BF%83%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF" title="Wikipedia:不要倉促編輯">不是新聞收集处</a>。条目当前的编辑或許甚为活跃，請留心<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">記載正確資訊</a>，在資訊相對明确之後<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=edit">編輯更新</a></span>。編輯時請依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>方針，盡可能附上來源。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>荣如德</b>（1934年12月—2024年11月26日），<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="翻译家">翻译家</a>，他翻译了大量俄语和英语的文学作品，俄语有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%99%80%E6%80%9D%E5%A6%A5%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基">费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基</a>的《白痴》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="卡拉馬佐夫兄弟">卡拉马佐夫兄弟</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%90%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="索尔仁尼琴">索尔仁尼琴</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%85%E6%88%BF" title="癌病房">癌病房</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，英语翻译作品则有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·狄更斯">查尔斯·狄更斯</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE%E9%83%BD%E5%AD%A4%E5%84%BF" title="雾都孤儿">雾都孤儿</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷">威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E8%8F%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="浮華世界">花花世界</a>》等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荣如德祖籍<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="无锡">无锡</a>，家境尚可，自幼就对戏曲和唱片感兴趣。1945年进入私立<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="光华大学">光华大学</a>附中就读，受教于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E7%87%95%E8%B0%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徐燕谋（页面不存在）">徐燕谋</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E5%AE%B6%E7%83%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徐家烈（页面不存在）">徐家烈</a>两兄弟。徐氏昆仲对英语和古文的讲解大大影响了荣如德。一年后因私立学校价格太贵，荣如德先后转入吴淞中学和民立中学学习。1950年为了不离家而又可以负担自己的生活，他从上海格致中学高中肄业，考入华东人民革命大学附设外文专修学校（现<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="上海外国语大学">上海外国语大学</a>）的俄语专业，每月得以有一点津贴供自己生活。 </p><p>1953年春提前毕业留校，先后在俄译汉及汉译俄教研组任教，业余进行俄语著作翻译。1956年因喜欢发表译作招来了“热衷于种自留地，不思进取”的非议，于年底辞职离校，专事文学翻译。1960年代初荣如德进入上海编译所筹备处，结识了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E7%A8%B7%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗稷南（页面不存在）">罗稷南</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B6%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满涛（页面不存在）">满涛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%A9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="草婴">草婴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E6%A1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="侍桁">侍桁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="左海">左海</a>等多位译界前辈。文革爆发后，他下放劳动，后进入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B2%E6%A0%A1" title="五七干校">五七干校</a>改造。后编译所部分人员集中起来成立“翻译连”，接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5" title="周恩来">周恩来</a>下达的翻译世界各国历史的任务，承担了困难最多的非洲部分。在阅读大量历史文献的过程中，荣如德要大量接触英文工具书。由于他有英语基础，又一直爱好收藏唱片，要阅读大量英文介绍，荣如德被人认为精通英语，有些英文小说就开始指派给他翻译。 </p><p>文革后，荣如德接到的第一个英文约稿就是查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》，本书出版后获得好评。他又将之前出于兴趣翻译的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="奥斯卡·王尔德">奥斯卡·王尔德</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E7%9A%84%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F" title="道林·格雷的画像">道林·格雷的画像</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE" title="羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森">罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%93%B6%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="金银岛">金银岛</a>》交付出版。1990年代他倾注多年精力翻译了萨克雷的代表作《花花世界》。1996年他受聘为上海文史研究馆馆员，2003年应特邀为上海市第十届政协委员。2005年获得中国译协授予的“资深翻译家”称号<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2006年夏天他译完<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·奥威尔">乔治·奥威尔</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%86%9C%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="动物农场">动物农场</a>》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/book/2015-11/02/c_128383233.htm">沉重的传统：俄罗斯文学的巅峰横亘在前</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081826/http://www.xinhuanet.com/book/2015-11/02/c_128383233.htm">存档</a>于2018-09-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%89%E9%87%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%9A%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%85%E5%B3%B0%E6%A8%AA%E4%BA%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%89%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fbook%2F2015-11%2F02%2Fc_128383233.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822091406/http://www.tac-online.org.cn/zxzx/txt/2005-09/29/content_79531.htm">中国译协网“资深翻译家”名单</a>. 中国译协. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2012年12月21日]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tac-online.org.cn/zxzx/txt/2005-09/29/content_79531.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013年8月22日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%A3%E5%A6%82%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%91%E5%8D%8F%E7%BD%91%E2%80%9C%E8%B5%84%E6%B7%B1%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%B6%E2%80%9D%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%91%E5%8D%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tac-online.org.cn%2Fzxzx%2Ftxt%2F2005-09%2F29%2Fcontent_79531.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shwsg.net/article.php?newsid=159">荣如德自传</a>. 上海市文史馆. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2012年12月21日]</span> <span 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