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techniques</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mitigation techniques"> <meta name="keywords" content="mitigation techniques"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mitigation techniques"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7486</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mitigation techniques</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7486</span> Applications of Out-of-Sequence Thrust Movement for Earthquake Mitigation: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh">Rajkumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study presents an overview of the many uses and approaches for estimating out-of-sequence thrust movement in earthquake mitigation. The study investigates how knowing and forecasting thrust movement during seismic occurrences might assist to effective earthquake mitigation measures. The review begins by discussing out-of-sequence thrust movement and its importance in earthquake mitigation strategies. It explores how typical techniques of estimating thrust movement may not capture the full complexity of seismic occurrences and emphasizes the benefits of include out-of-sequence data in the analysis. A thorough review of existing research and studies on out-of-sequence thrust movement estimates for earthquake mitigation. The study demonstrates how to estimate out-of-sequence thrust movement using multiple data sources such as GPS measurements, satellite imagery, and seismic recordings. The study also examines the use of out-of-sequence thrust movement estimates in earthquake mitigation measures. It investigates how precise calculation of thrust movement may help improve structural design, analyse infrastructure risk, and develop early warning systems. The potential advantages of using out-of-sequence data in these applications to improve the efficiency of earthquake mitigation techniques. The difficulties and limits of estimating out-of-sequence thrust movement for earthquake mitigation. It addresses data quality difficulties, modelling uncertainties, and computational complications. To address these obstacles and increase the accuracy and reliability of out-of-sequence thrust movement estimates, the authors recommend topics for additional study and improvement. The study is a helpful resource for seismic monitoring and earthquake risk assessment researchers, engineers, and policymakers, supporting innovations in earthquake mitigation measures based on a better knowledge of thrust movement dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20mitigation" title="earthquake mitigation">earthquake mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-sequence%20thrust" title=" out-of-sequence thrust"> out-of-sequence thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imagery" title=" satellite imagery"> satellite imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20recordings" title=" seismic recordings"> seismic recordings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20measurements" title=" GPS measurements"> GPS measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168985/applications-of-out-of-sequence-thrust-movement-for-earthquake-mitigation-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7485</span> Preserving Heritage in the Face of Natural Disasters: Lessons from the Bam Experience in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Seddighi">Mohammad Javad Seddighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avar%20Almukhtar"> Avar Almukhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The occurrence of natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes, can cause significant damage to heritage sites and surrounding areas. In Iran, the city of Bam was devastated by an earthquake in 2003, which had a major impact on the rivers and watercourses around the city. This study aims to investigate the environmental design techniques and sustainable hazard mitigation strategies that can be employed to preserve heritage sites in the face of natural disasters, using the Bam experience as a case study. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review of recent publications on environmental design techniques and sustainable hazard mitigation strategies in heritage conservation. This is followed by a field study of the rivers and watercourses around Bam, including the Adoori River (Talangoo) and other watercourses, to assess the current conditions and identify potential hazards. The data collected from the field study is analysed using statistical methods and GIS mapping techniques. The findings of this study reveal the importance of sustainable hazard mitigation strategies and environmental design techniques in preserving heritage sites during natural disasters. The study suggests that these techniques can be used to prevent the outbreak of another natural disaster in Bam and the surrounding areas. Specifically, the study recommends the establishment of a comprehensive early warning system, the creation of flood-resistant landscapes, and the use of eco-friendly building materials in the reconstruction of heritage sites. These findings contribute to the current knowledge of sustainable hazard mitigation and environmental design in heritage conservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title="natural disasters">natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20conservation" title=" heritage conservation"> heritage conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20hazard%20mitigation" title=" sustainable hazard mitigation"> sustainable hazard mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20design" title=" environmental design"> environmental design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20architecture" title=" landscape architecture"> landscape architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20management" title=" flood management"> flood management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20resilience" title=" disaster resilience"> disaster resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165658/preserving-heritage-in-the-face-of-natural-disasters-lessons-from-the-bam-experience-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7484</span> Development of Closed System for Bacterial CO2 Mitigation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somesh%20Misha">Somesh Misha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smita%20Raghuvanshi"> Smita Raghuvanshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Gupta"> Suresh Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing concentration of green house gases (GHG's), such as CO2 is of major concern and start showing its impact nowadays. The recent studies are focused on developing the continuous system using photoautotrophs for CO2 mitigation and simultaneous production of primary and secondary metabolites as a value addition. The advent of carbon concentrating mechanism had blurred the distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs and now the paradigm has shifted towards the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) rather than carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). In the present work, a bioreactor was developed utilizing the chemolithotrophic bacterial species using CO2 mitigation and simultaneous value addition. The kinetic modeling was done and the biokinetic parameters are obtained for developing the bioreactor. The bioreactor was developed and studied for its operation and performance in terms of volumetric loading rate, mass loading rate, elimination capacity and removal efficiency. The characterization of effluent from the bioreactor was carried out for the products obtained using the analyzing techniques such as FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR. The developed bioreactor promised an economic, efficient and effective solution for CO2 mitigation and simultaneous value addition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20mitigation" title="CO2 mitigation">CO2 mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-reactor" title=" bio-reactor"> bio-reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemolithotrophic%20bacterial%20species" title=" chemolithotrophic bacterial species"> chemolithotrophic bacterial species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18941/development-of-closed-system-for-bacterial-co2-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7483</span> Study on Control Techniques for Adaptive Impact Mitigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Faraj">Rami Faraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cezary%20Graczykowski"> Cezary Graczykowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C5%82a%C5%BCej%20Pop%C5%82awski"> Błażej Popławski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Miku%C5%82owski"> Grzegorz Mikułowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%C5%82%20Wiszowaty"> Rafał Wiszowaty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Progress in the field of sensors, electronics and computing results in more and more often applications of adaptive techniques for dynamic response mitigation. When it comes to systems excited with mechanical impacts, the control system has to take into account the significant limitations of actuators responsible for system adaptation. The paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the problem of appropriate design and implementation of adaptation techniques and mechanisms. Two case studies are presented in order to compare completely different adaptation schemes. The first example concerns a double-chamber pneumatic shock absorber with a fast piezo-electric valve and parameters corresponding to the suspension of a small unmanned aerial vehicle, whereas the second considered system is a safety air cushion applied for evacuation of people from heights during a fire. For both systems, it is possible to ensure adaptive performance, but a realization of the system’s adaptation is completely different. The reason for this is technical limitations corresponding to specific types of shock-absorbing devices and their parameters. Impact mitigation using a pneumatic shock absorber corresponds to much higher pressures and small mass flow rates, which can be achieved with minimal change of valve opening. In turn, mass flow rates in safety air cushions relate to gas release areas counted in thousands of sq. cm. Because of these facts, both shock-absorbing systems are controlled based on completely different approaches. Pneumatic shock-absorber takes advantage of real-time control with valve opening recalculated at least every millisecond. In contrast, safety air cushion is controlled using the semi-passive technique, where adaptation is provided using prediction of the entire impact mitigation process. Similarities of both approaches, including applied models, algorithms and equipment, are discussed. The entire study is supported by numerical simulations and experimental tests, which prove the effectiveness of both adaptive impact mitigation techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20system" title=" adaptive system"> adaptive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20mitigation" title=" impact mitigation"> impact mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatic%20system" title=" pneumatic system"> pneumatic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock-absorber" title=" shock-absorber"> shock-absorber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159469/study-on-control-techniques-for-adaptive-impact-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7482</span> Study on Mitigation Measures of Gumti Hydro Power Plant Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Concordance Analysis Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Majumdar">K. Majumdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Datta"> S. Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electricity is recognized as fundamental to industrialization and improving the quality of life of the people. Harnessing the immense untapped hydropower potential in Tripura region opens avenues for growth and provides an opportunity to improve the well-being of the people of the region, while making substantial contribution to the national economy. Gumti hydro power plant generates power to mitigate the crisis of power in Tripura, India. The first unit of hydro power plant (5 MW) was commissioned in June 1976 & another two units of 5 MW was commissioned simultaneously. But out of 15 MW capacity at present only 8-9 MW power is produced from Gumti hydro power plant during rainy season. But during lean season the production reduces to 0.5 MW due to shortage of water. Now, it is essential to implement some mitigation measures so that the further atrocities can be prevented and originality will be possible to restore. The decision making ability of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Concordance Analysis Techniques (CAT) are utilized to identify the better decision or solution to the present problem. Some related attributes are identified by the method of surveying within the experts and the available reports and literatures. Similar criteria are removed and ultimately seven relevant ones are identified. All the attributes are compared with each other and rated accordingly to their importance over the other with the help of Pair wise Comparison Matrix. In the present investigation different mitigation measures are identified and compared to find the best suitable alternative which can solve the present uncertainties involving the existence of the Gumti Hydro Power Plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concordance%20analysis%20techniques" title="concordance analysis techniques">concordance analysis techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title=" analytic hierarchy process"> analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro%20power" title=" hydro power"> hydro power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10997/study-on-mitigation-measures-of-gumti-hydro-power-plant-using-analytic-hierarchy-process-and-concordance-analysis-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7481</span> Effects of Viscoelastic and Viscous Links on Seismic Pounding Mitigation in Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Mirzagoltabar%20Roshan">Ali Reza Mirzagoltabar Roshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ahmadi%20Taleshian"> H. Ahmadi Taleshian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Eliasi"> A. Eliasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the effects of viscous and viscoelastic dampers as an efficient technique for seismic pounding mitigation. To aim that, 15 steel frame models with different numbers of stories and bays and also with different types of ductility were analyzed under 10 different earthquake records for assigned values of link damping and stiffness and the most suitable values of damper parameters (damping and stiffness) are presented. Moreover, it is demonstrated that viscous dampers can perform as efficiently as viscoelastic alternative with a more economical aspect for pounding mitigation purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjacent%20buildings" title="adjacent buildings">adjacent buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20distance" title=" separation distance"> separation distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20pounding%20mitigation" title=" seismic pounding mitigation"> seismic pounding mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic%20link" title=" viscoelastic link"> viscoelastic link</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68289/effects-of-viscoelastic-and-viscous-links-on-seismic-pounding-mitigation-in-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7480</span> An Efficient Mitigation Plan to Encounter Various Vulnerabilities in Internet of Things Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20Kumar%20Singh">Umesh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Raghuvanshi"> Abhishek Raghuvanshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyash%20Kumar%20Singh"> Suyash Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As IoT networks gain popularity, they are more susceptible to security breaches. As a result, it is crucial to analyze the IoT platform as a whole from the standpoint of core security concepts. The Internet of Things relies heavily on wireless networks, which are well-known for being susceptible to a wide variety of attacks. This article provides an analysis of many techniques that may be used to identify vulnerabilities in the software and hardware associated with the Internet of Things (IoT). In the current investigation, an experimental setup is built with the assistance of server computers, client PCs, Internet of Things development boards, sensors, and cloud subscriptions. Through the use of network host scanning methods and vulnerability scanning tools, raw data relating to IoT-based applications and devices may be collected. Shodan is a tool that is used for scanning, and it is also used for effective vulnerability discovery in IoT devices as well as penetration testing. This article presents an efficient mitigation plan for encountering vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20identification" title=" vulnerability identification"> vulnerability identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20plan" title=" mitigation plan"> mitigation plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185503/an-efficient-mitigation-plan-to-encounter-various-vulnerabilities-in-internet-of-things-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7479</span> Android-Based Edugame Application for Earthquakes Disaster Mitigation Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endina%20P.%20Purwandari">Endina P. Purwandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yolanda%20Hervianti"> Yolanda Hervianti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feri%20Noperman"> Feri Noperman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endang%20W.%20Winarni"> Endang W. Winarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The earthquakes disaster is an event that can threaten at any moment and cause damage and loss of life. Game earthquake disaster mitigation is a useful educational game to enhance children insight, knowledge, and understanding in the response to the impact of the earthquake. This study aims to build an educational games application on the Android platform as a learning media for earthquake mitigation education and to determine the effect of the application toward children understanding of the earthquake disaster mitigation. The methods were research and development. The development was to develop edugame application for earthquakes mitigation education. The research involved elementary students as a research sample to test the developed application. The research results were valid android-based edugame application, and its the effect of application toward children understanding. The application contains an earthquake simulation video, an earthquake mitigation video, and a game consisting three stages, namely before the earthquake, when the earthquake occur, and after the earthquake. The results of the feasibility test application showed that this application was included in the category of 'Excellent' which the average percentage of the operation of applications by 76%, view application by 67% and contents of application by 74%. The test results of students' responses were 80% that showed that a positive their responses toward the application. The student understanding test results show that the average score of children understanding pretest was 71,33, and post-test was 97,00. T-test result showed that t value by 8,02 more than table t by 2,001. This indicated that the earthquakes disaster mitigation edugame application based on Android platform affects the children understanding about disaster earthquake mitigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=android" title="android">android</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edugame" title=" edugame"> edugame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title=" earthquakes"> earthquakes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72800/android-based-edugame-application-for-earthquakes-disaster-mitigation-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7478</span> Earthquake Risk Assessment Using Out-of-Sequence Thrust Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh">Rajkumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquakes are natural disasters that pose a significant risk to human life and infrastructure. Effective earthquake mitigation measures require a thorough understanding of the dynamics of seismic occurrences, including thrust movement. Traditionally, estimating thrust movement has relied on typical techniques that may not capture the full complexity of these events. Therefore, investigating alternative approaches, such as incorporating out-of-sequence thrust movement data, could enhance earthquake mitigation strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of the applications of out-of-sequence thrust movement in earthquake mitigation. By examining existing research and studies, the objective is to understand how precise estimation of thrust movement can contribute to improving structural design, analyzing infrastructure risk, and developing early warning systems. The study demonstrates how to estimate out-of-sequence thrust movement using multiple data sources, including GPS measurements, satellite imagery, and seismic recordings. By analyzing and synthesizing these diverse datasets, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of thrust movement dynamics during seismic occurrences. The review identifies potential advantages of incorporating out-of-sequence data in earthquake mitigation techniques. These include improving the efficiency of structural design, enhancing infrastructure risk analysis, and developing more accurate early warning systems. By considering out-of-sequence thrust movement estimates, researchers and policymakers can make informed decisions to mitigate the impact of earthquakes. This study contributes to the field of seismic monitoring and earthquake risk assessment by highlighting the benefits of incorporating out-of-sequence thrust movement data. By broadening the scope of analysis beyond traditional techniques, researchers can enhance their knowledge of earthquake dynamics and improve the effectiveness of mitigation measures. The study collects data from various sources, including GPS measurements, satellite imagery, and seismic recordings. These datasets are then analyzed using appropriate statistical and computational techniques to estimate out-of-sequence thrust movement. The review integrates findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive assessment of the topic. The study concludes that incorporating out-of-sequence thrust movement data can significantly enhance earthquake mitigation measures. By utilizing diverse data sources, researchers and policymakers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of seismic dynamics and make informed decisions. However, challenges exist, such as data quality difficulties, modelling uncertainties, and computational complications. To address these obstacles and improve the accuracy of estimates, further research and advancements in methodology are recommended. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in earthquake mitigation, as it encourages the development of innovative strategies based on a better understanding of thrust movement dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-sequence%20thrust" title=" out-of-sequence thrust"> out-of-sequence thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster" title=" disaster"> disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20life" title=" human life"> human life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169037/earthquake-risk-assessment-using-out-of-sequence-thrust-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7477</span> Mitigation of Offshore Piling Noise Effects on Marine Mammals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waled%20A.%20Dawoud">Waled A. Dawoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20M.%20Negm"> Abdelazim M. Negm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20M.%20Saleh"> Nasser M. Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Offshore piling generates underwater sound at level high enough to cause physical damage or hearing impairment to the marine mammals. Several methods can be used to mitigate the effect of underwater noise from offshore pile driving on marine mammals which can be divided into three main approaches. The first approach is to keep the mammal out of the high-risk area by using aversive sound waves produced by acoustic mitigation devices such as playing-back of mammal's natural predator vocalization, alarm or distress sounds, and anthropogenic sound. The second approach is to reduce the amount of underwater noise from pile driving using noise mitigation techniques such as bubble curtains, isolation casing, and hydro-sound dampers. The third approach is to eliminate the overlap of underwater waves by using prolonged construction process. To investigate the effectiveness of different noise mitigation methods; a pile driven with 235 kJ rated energy diesel hammer near Jeddah Coast, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was used. Using empirical sound exposure model based on Red Sea characteristics and limits of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; it was found that the aversive sound waves should extend to 1.8 km around the pile location. Bubble curtains can reduce the behavioral disturbance area up to 28%; temporary threshold shift up to 36%; permanent threshold shift up to 50%; and physical injury up to 70%. Isolation casing can reduce the behavioral disturbance range up to 12%; temporary threshold shift up to 21%; permanent threshold shift up to 29%; and physical injury up to 46%. Hydro-sound dampers efficiency depends mainly on the used technology and it can reduce the behavioral disturbance range from 10% to 33%; temporary threshold shift from 18% to 25%; permanent threshold shift from 32% to 50%; and physical injury from 46% to 60%. To prolong the construction process, it was found that the single pile construction, use of soft start, and keep time between two successive hammer strikes more than 3 seconds are the most effective techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20pile%20driving" title="offshore pile driving">offshore pile driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20propagation%20models" title=" sound propagation models"> sound propagation models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20effects%20on%20marine%20mammals" title=" noise effects on marine mammals"> noise effects on marine mammals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Underwater%20noise%20mitigation" title=" Underwater noise mitigation"> Underwater noise mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23524/mitigation-of-offshore-piling-noise-effects-on-marine-mammals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7476</span> From Conflicts to Synergies between Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change: The Case of Lisbon Downtown 2010-2030</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuno%20M.%20Pereira">Nuno M. Pereira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last thirty years, European cities have been addressing global climate change and its local impacts by implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies. Lisbon Downtown is no exception with 10 plans under implementation since 2010 with completion scheduled for 2030 valued 1 billion euros of public investment. However, the gap between mitigation and adaptation strategies is not yet sufficiently studied alongside with its nuances- vulnerability and risk mitigation, resilience and adaptation. In Lisbon Downtown, these plans are being implemented separately, therefore compromising the effectiveness of public investment. The research reviewed the common ground of mitigation and adaptation strategies of the theoretical framework and analyzed the current urban development actions in Lisbon Downtown in order to identify potential conflicts and synergies. The empirical fieldwork supported by a sounding board of experts has been developed during two years and the results suggest that the largest public investment in Lisbon on flooding mitigation will conflict with the new Cruise ship terminal and old Downton building stock, therefore increasing risk and vulnerability factors. The study concludes that the Lisbon Downtown blue infrastructure plan should be redesigned in some areas in a trans- disciplinary and holistic approach and that the current theoretical framework on climate change should focus more on mitigation and adaptation synergies articulating the gray, blue and green infrastructures, combining old knowledge tested by resilient communities and new knowledge emerging from the digital era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisbon%20Downtown" title=" Lisbon Downtown"> Lisbon Downtown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergy" title=" synergy"> synergy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85316/from-conflicts-to-synergies-between-mitigation-and-adaptation-strategies-to-climate-change-the-case-of-lisbon-downtown-2010-2030" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7475</span> Gas Transmission Pipeline Integrity Management System Through Corrosion Mitigation and Inspection Strategy: A Case Study of Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline from Wafa Field to Mellitah Gas Plant in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Sassi">Osama Sassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Eltorki"> Manal Eltorki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Ahmad"> Iftikhar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor integrity is one of the major causes of leaks and accidents in gas transmission pipelines. To ensure safe operation, it is must to have efficient and effective pipeline integrity management (PIM) system. The corrosion management is one of the important aspects of successful pipeline integrity management program together design, material selection, operations, risk evaluation and communication aspects to maintain pipelines in a fit-for-service condition. The objective of a corrosion management plan is to design corrosion mitigation, monitoring, and inspection strategy, and for maintenance in a timely manner. This paper presents the experience of corrosion management of a gas transmission pipeline from Wafa field to Mellitah gas plant in Libya. The pipeline is 525.5 km long and having 32 inches diameter. It is a buried pipeline. External corrosion on pipeline is controlled with a combination of coatings and cathodic protection while internal corrosion is controlled with a combination of chemical inhibitors, periodic cleaning and process control. The monitoring and inspection techniques provide a way to measure the effectiveness of corrosion control systems and provide an early warning when changing conditions may be causing a corrosion problem. This paper describes corrosion management system used in Mellitah Oil & Gas BV for its gas transmission pipeline based on standard practices of corrosion mitigation and inspection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mitigation%20on%20gas%20transmission%20pipelines" title="corrosion mitigation on gas transmission pipelines">corrosion mitigation on gas transmission pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20integrity%20management" title=" pipeline integrity management"> pipeline integrity management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20management%20of%20gas%20pipelines" title=" corrosion management of gas pipelines"> corrosion management of gas pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention%20and%20inspection%20of%20corrosion" title=" prevention and inspection of corrosion"> prevention and inspection of corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178928/gas-transmission-pipeline-integrity-management-system-through-corrosion-mitigation-and-inspection-strategy-a-case-study-of-natural-gas-transmission-pipeline-from-wafa-field-to-mellitah-gas-plant-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7474</span> Effect of Fluidized Granular Activated Carbon for the Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingwei%20Wang">Jingwei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20G.%20Fane"> Anthony G. Fane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Wei%20Chew"> Jia Wei Chew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of fluidized Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) as a means of mitigation membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) has received much attention in recent years, especially in anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactors (AFMBRs). It has been affirmed that the unsteady-state tangential shear conferred by GAC fluidization on membrane surface suppressed the extent of membrane fouling with energy consumption much lower than that of bubbling (i.e., air sparging). In a previous work, the hydrodynamics of the fluidized GAC particles were correlated with membrane fouling mitigation effectiveness. Results verified that the momentum transfer from particle to membrane held a key in fouling mitigation. The goal of the current work is to understand the effect of fluidized GAC on membrane critical flux. Membrane critical flux values were measured by a vertical Direct Observation Through the Membrane (DOTM) setup. The polystyrene particles (known as latex particles) with the particle size of 5 µm were used as model foulant thus to give the number of the foulant on the membrane surface. Our results shed light on the positive effect of fluidized GAC enhancing the critical membrane flux by an order-of-magnitude as compared to that of liquid shear alone. Membrane fouling mitigation was benefitted by the increasing of power input. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20fouling%20mitigation" title="membrane fouling mitigation">membrane fouling mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-solid%20fluidization" title=" liquid-solid fluidization"> liquid-solid fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20flux" title=" critical flux"> critical flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20input" title=" energy input"> energy input</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75555/effect-of-fluidized-granular-activated-carbon-for-the-mitigation-of-membrane-fouling-in-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7473</span> Educating Farmers and Fishermen in Rural Areas in Nigeria on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation for Global Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Anabaraonye">Benjamin Anabaraonye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okafor%20Joachim%20Chukwuma"> Okafor Joachim Chukwuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olamire%20James"> Olamire James</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impacts of climate change are greatly felt on Nigeria’s agricultural sector which in turn affects the economy of the nation. There is an urgent need to educate farmers and fishermen in rural areas in Nigeria on climate change adaptation and mitigation for sustainable development. Through our literature and participant observation, it has been discovered that many farmers and fishermen in rural areas in Nigeria have little or no knowledge about climate change adaptation and mitigation. This paper seeks to draw the attention of policy makers in government, private sectors, non-governmental organizations and interested individuals to the need to seek for innovative ways of educating farmers and fishermen in rural areas about climate change adaptation and mitigation for global sustainability. This study also explores the effective methods of bridging the communication gaps through efficient information dissemination, intensive awareness outreach, use of climate change poems and blogs, innovative loan scheme to farmers and fishermen, etc. to help ensure that farmers and fishermen in rural areas in Nigeria are adequately educated about climate change adaptation and mitigation for global sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers" title=" farmers"> farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishermen" title=" fishermen"> fishermen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87653/educating-farmers-and-fishermen-in-rural-areas-in-nigeria-on-climate-change-mitigation-and-adaptation-for-global-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7472</span> Mitigation of Size Effects in Woven Fabric Composites Using Finite Element Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeez%20Shaik">Azeez Shaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yagnik%20Kalariya"> Yagnik Kalariya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Salvi"> Amit Salvi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-performance requirements and emission norms were forcing the automobile industry to opt for lightweight materials which improve the fuel efficiency and absorb energy during crash applications. In such scenario, the woven fabric composites are providing better energy absorption compared to metals. Woven fabric composites have a repetitive unit cell (RUC) and the mechanical properties of these materials are highly dependent on RUC. This work investigates the importance of detailed modelling of the RUC, the size effects associated and the mitigation techniques to avoid them using Finite element analysis approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive%20unit%20cell" title="repetitive unit cell">repetitive unit cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representative%20volume%20element" title=" representative volume element"> representative volume element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20effects" title=" size effects"> size effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesive%20zone" title=" cohesive zone"> cohesive zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57631/mitigation-of-size-effects-in-woven-fabric-composites-using-finite-element-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7471</span> Technical and Economic Evaluation of Harmonic Mitigation from Offshore Wind Power Plants by Transmission Owners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Prajapati">A. Prajapati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Koo"> K. L. Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ghassemi"> F. Ghassemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mulimakwenda"> M. Mulimakwenda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the UK, as the volume of non-linear loads connected to transmission grid continues to rise steeply, the harmonic distortion levels on transmission network are becoming a serious concern for the network owners and system operators. This paper outlines the findings of the study conducted to verify the proposal that the harmonic mitigation could be optimized and can be managed economically and effectively at the transmission network level by the Transmission Owner (TO) instead of the individual polluter connected to the grid. Harmonic mitigation studies were conducted on selected regions of the transmission network in England for recently connected offshore wind power plants to strategize and optimize selected harmonic filter options. The results – filter volume and capacity – were then compared against the mitigation measures adopted by the individual connections. Estimation ratios were developed based on the actual installed and optimal proposed filters. These estimation ratios were then used to derive harmonic filter requirements for future contracted connections. The study has concluded that a saving of 37% in the filter volume/capacity could be achieved if the TO is to centrally manage the harmonic mitigation instead of individual polluter installing their own mitigation solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-type%20filter" title="C-type filter">C-type filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20farms" title=" offshore wind farms"> offshore wind farms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interconnectors" title=" interconnectors"> interconnectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC" title=" HVDC"> HVDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20owner" title=" transmission owner"> transmission owner</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98379/technical-and-economic-evaluation-of-harmonic-mitigation-from-offshore-wind-power-plants-by-transmission-owners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7470</span> Case Studies of Mitigation Methods against the Impacts of High Water Levels in the Great Lakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20M.%20Penton">Jennifer M. Penton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Record high lake levels in 2017 and 2019 (2017 max lake level = 75.81 m; 2018 max lake level = 75.26 m; 2019 max lake level = 75.92 m) combined with a number of severe storms in the Great Lakes region, have resulted in significant wave generation across Lake Ontario. The resulting large wave heights have led to erosion of the natural shoreline, overtopping of existing revetments, backshore erosion, and partial and complete failure of several coastal structures, which in turn have led to further erosion of the shoreline and damaged existing infrastructure. Such impacts can be seen all along the coast of Lake Ontario. Three specific locations have been chosen as case studies for this paper, each addressing erosion and/or flood mitigation methods, such as revetments and sheet piling with increased land levels. Varying site conditions and the resulting shoreline damage are compared herein. The results are reflected in the case-specific design components of the mitigation and adaptation methods and are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion%20mitigation" title="erosion mitigation">erosion mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20mitigation" title=" flood mitigation"> flood mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=great%20lakes" title=" great lakes"> great lakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20water%20levels" title=" high water levels"> high water levels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139692/case-studies-of-mitigation-methods-against-the-impacts-of-high-water-levels-in-the-great-lakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7469</span> Integrated Modeling Approach for Energy Planning and Climate Change Mitigation Assessment in the State of Florida</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Thakkar">K. Thakkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ghenai"> C. Ghenai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An integrated modeling approach was used in this study to (1) track energy consumption, production, and resource extraction, (2) track greenhouse gases emissions and (3) analyze emissions for local and regional air pollutions. The model was used in this study for short and long term energy and GHG emissions reduction analysis for the state of Florida. The integrated modeling methodology will help to evaluate the alternative energy scenarios and examine emissions-reduction strategies. The mitigation scenarios have been designed to describe the future energy strategies. They consist of various demand and supply side scenarios. One of the GHG mitigation scenarios is crafted by taking into account the available renewable resources potential for power generation in the state of Florida to compare and analyze the GHG reduction measure against ‘Business As Usual’ and ‘Florida State Policy’ scenario. Two more ‘integrated’ scenarios, (‘Electrification’ and ‘Efficiency and Lifestyle’) are crafted through combination of various mitigation scenarios to assess the cumulative impact of the reduction measures such as technological changes and energy efficiency and conservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20planning" title="energy planning">energy planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20mitigation%20assessment" title=" climate change mitigation assessment"> climate change mitigation assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20modeling%20approach" title=" integrated modeling approach"> integrated modeling approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20alternatives" title=" energy alternatives"> energy alternatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20GHG%20emission%20reductions" title=" and GHG emission reductions"> and GHG emission reductions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36455/integrated-modeling-approach-for-energy-planning-and-climate-change-mitigation-assessment-in-the-state-of-florida" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7468</span> Flood Hazard and Risk Mapping to Assess Ice-Jam Flood Mitigation Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl-Erich%20Lindenschmidt">Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apurba%20Das"> Apurba Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Trudell"> Joel Trudell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keanne%20Russell"> Keanne Russell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this presentation, we explore options for mitigating ice-jam flooding along the Athabasca River in western Canada. Not only flood hazard, expressed in this case as the probability of flood depths and extents being exceeded, but also flood risk, in which annual expected damages are calculated. Flood risk is calculated, which allows a cost-benefit analysis to be made so that decisions on the best mitigation options are not based solely on flood hazard but also on the costs related to flood damages and the benefits of mitigation. The river ice model is used to simulate extreme ice-jam flood events with which scenarios are run to determine flood exposure and damages in flood-prone areas along the river. We will concentrate on three mitigation options – the placement of a dike, artificial breakage of the ice cover along the river, the installation of an ice-control structure, and the construction of a reservoir. However, any mitigation option is not totally failsafe. For example, dikes can still be overtopped and breached, and ice jams may still occur in areas of the river where ice covers have been artificially broken up. Hence, for all options, it is recommended that zoning of building developments away from greater flood hazard areas be upheld. Flood mitigation can have a negative effect of giving inhabitants a false sense of security that flooding may not happen again, leading to zoning policies being relaxed. (Text adapted from Lindenschmidt [2022] "Ice Destabilization Study - Phase 2", submitted to the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, Canada) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20jam" title="ice jam">ice jam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20hazard" title=" flood hazard"> flood hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20risk%20river%20ice%20modelling" title=" flood risk river ice modelling"> flood risk river ice modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20risk" title=" flood risk"> flood risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147292/flood-hazard-and-risk-mapping-to-assess-ice-jam-flood-mitigation-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7467</span> A Blueprint for Responsible Launch of Small Satellites from a Debris Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeroen%20Rotteveel">Jeroen Rotteveel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeger%20De%20Groot"> Zeger De Groot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The small satellite community is more and more aware of the need to start operating responsibly and sustainably in order to secure the use of outer space in the long run. On the technical side, many debris mitigation techniques have been investigated and demonstrated on board small satellites, showing that technically, a lot of things can be done to curb the growth of space debris and operate more responsible. However, in the absence of strict laws and constraints, one cannot help but wonder what the incentive is to incur significant costs (paying for debris mitigation systems and the launch mass of these systems) and to lose performance onboard resource limited small satellites (mass, volume, power)? Many small satellite developers are operating under tight budgets, either from their sponsors (in case of academic and research projects) or from their investors (in case of startups). As long as it is not mandatory to act more responsibly, we might need to consider the implementation of incentives to stimulate developers to accommodate deorbiting modules, etc. ISISPACE joined the NetZeroSpace initiative in 2021 with the aim to play its role in secure the use of low earth orbit for the next decades by facilitating more sustainable use of space. The company is in a good position as both a satellite builder, a rideshare launch provider, and a technology development company. ISISPACE operates under one of the stricter space laws in the world in terms of maximum orbital lifetime and has been active in various debris mitigation and debris removal in-orbit demonstration missions in the past 10 years. ISISPACE proposes to introduce together with launch partners and regulators an incentive scheme for CubeSat developers to baseline debris mitigation systems on board their CubeSats in such a way that is does not impose too many additional costs to the project. Much like incentives to switch to electric cars or install solar panels on your house, such an incentive can help to increase market uptake of behavior or solutions prior to legislation or bans of certain practices. This can be achieved by: Introducing an extended launch volume in CubeSat deployers to accommodate debris mitigation systems without compromising available payload space for the payload of the main mission Not charging the fee for the launch mass for the additional debris mitigation module Whenever possible, find ways to further co-fund the purchase price, or otherwise reduce the cost of flying debris mitigation modules onboard the CubeSats. The paper will outline the framework of such an incentive scheme and provides ISISPACE’s way forward to make this happen in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netZerospace" title="netZerospace">netZerospace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubesats" title=" cubesats"> cubesats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20mitigation" title=" debris mitigation"> debris mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20satellite%20community" title=" small satellite community"> small satellite community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144824/a-blueprint-for-responsible-launch-of-small-satellites-from-a-debris-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7466</span> Improvement of Model for SIMMER Code for SFR Corium Relocation Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bachrata">A. Bachrata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Marie"> N. Marie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bertrand"> F. Bertrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Droin"> J. B. Droin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The in-depth understanding of severe accident propagation in Generation IV of nuclear reactors is important so that appropriate risk management can be undertaken early in their design process. This paper is focused on model improvements in the SIMMER code in order to perform studies of severe accident mitigation of Sodium Fast Reactor. During the design process of the mitigation devices dedicated to extraction of molten fuel from the core region, the molten fuel propagation from the core up to the core catcher has to be studied. In this aim, analytical as well as the complex thermo-hydraulic simulations with SIMMER-III code are performed. The studies presented in this paper focus on physical phenomena and associated physical models that influence the corium relocation. Firstly, the molten pool heat exchange with surrounding structures is analysed since it influences directly the instant of rupture of the dedicated tubes favouring the corium relocation for mitigation purpose. After the corium penetration into mitigation tubes, the fuel-coolant interactions result in formation of debris bed. Analyses of debris bed fluidization as well as sinking into a fluid are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corium" title="corium">corium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20tubes" title=" mitigation tubes"> mitigation tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMMER-III" title=" SIMMER-III"> SIMMER-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fast%20reactor" title=" sodium fast reactor"> sodium fast reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505/improvement-of-model-for-simmer-code-for-sfr-corium-relocation-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7465</span> Attitudes of Resort Hotel Managers toward Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Practices, Bishoftu, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Aman%20Kassim">Mohammed Aman Kassim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the attitudes of hotel managers toward climate change adaption and mitigation practices in resort hotels located in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. Weak resource management in the area causes serious environmental problems. So sustainable way forward is needed for the destination in order to reduce environmental damage. Six resorts were selected out of twelve resort hotels in Bishoftu City by using the systematic sampling method, and a total of fifty-six managers were taken for the study. The data analyzed came from self-administered questionnaires, site observation, and a short face-to-face interview with general managers. The results showed that 99% of hotel managers possess positive attitudes toward climate change adaptation and mitigation practices. But they did not show a high commitment to adopting all adaptation and mitigation practices in their hotel’s actions and day-to-day operation. Key adoption influencing factors identified were: owners' commitment toward sustainability, the applicability of government rules and regulations, and incentives for good achievement. The findings also revealed that the attitudes of resort hotel managers toward climate change adaption and mitigation practices are more significantly influenced by their social factors, such as level of education and age, in this study. The study demonstrated that in order to increase managers' commitment and hotels become green: government led-education and training programs, green certification actions, and application of government environmental regulation are important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%20practices" title=" climate change adaptation and mitigation practices"> climate change adaptation and mitigation practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20attitude" title=" environmental attitude"> environmental attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resort%20hotels" title=" resort hotels"> resort hotels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166072/attitudes-of-resort-hotel-managers-toward-climate-change-adaptation-and-mitigation-practices-bishoftu-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7464</span> A Comprehensive Study on CO₂ Capture and Storage: Advances in Technology and Environmental Impact Mitigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Fertaq">Oussama Fertaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the latest advancements in CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which are vital for addressing the growing challenge of climate change. The study focuses on multiple techniques for CO₂ capture, including chemical absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption, analyzing their efficiency, scalability, and environmental impact. The research further explores geological storage options such as deep saline aquifers and depleted oil fields, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by each method. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrating CCS with existing industrial processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively. It also discusses the economic and policy frameworks required to promote wider adoption of CCS technologies. The findings of this study offer a comprehensive view of the potential of CCS in achieving global climate goals, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors such as energy and manufacturing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title="CO₂ capture">CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20storage" title=" carbon storage"> carbon storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20mitigation" title=" climate change mitigation"> climate change mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title=" carbon sequestration"> carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193124/a-comprehensive-study-on-co2-capture-and-storage-advances-in-technology-and-environmental-impact-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7463</span> Development of Pre-Mitigation Measures and Its Impact on Life-Cycle Cost of Facilities: Indian Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahima%20Shrivastava">Mahima Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumya%20Kar"> Soumya Kar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Swetha%20Malika"> B. Swetha Malika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalu%20Saheb"> Lalu Saheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Muthu%20Kumar"> M. Muthu Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Ponambala%20Moorthi"> P. V. Ponambala Moorthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural hazards and manmade destruction causes both economic and societal losses. Generalized pre-mitigation strategies introduced and adopted for prevention of disaster all over the world are capable of augmenting the resiliency and optimizing the life-cycle cost of facilities. In countries like India where varied topographical feature exists requires location specific mitigation measures and strategies to be followed for better enhancement by event-driven and code-driven approaches. Present state of vindication measures followed and adopted, lags dominance in accomplishing the required development. In addition, serious concern and debate over climate change plays a vital role in enhancing the need and requirement for the development of time bound adaptive mitigation measures. For the development of long-term sustainable policies incorporation of future climatic variation is inevitable. This will further assist in assessing the impact brought about by the climate change on life-cycle cost of facilities. This paper develops more definite region specific and time bound pre-mitigation measures, by reviewing the present state of mitigation measures in India and all over the world for improving life-cycle cost of facilities. For the development of region specific adoptive measures, Indian regions were divided based on multiple-calamity prone regions and geo-referencing tools were used to incorporate the effect of climate changes on life-cycle cost assessment. This study puts forward significant effort in establishing sustainable policies and helps decision makers in planning for pre-mitigation measures for different regions. It will further contribute towards evaluating the life cycle cost of facilities by adopting the developed measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-referencing%20tools" title=" geo-referencing tools"> geo-referencing tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title=" life-cycle cost"> life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-calamity%20prone%20regions" title=" multiple-calamity prone regions"> multiple-calamity prone regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-mitigation%20strategies" title=" pre-mitigation strategies"> pre-mitigation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20policies" title=" sustainable policies"> sustainable policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43031/development-of-pre-mitigation-measures-and-its-impact-on-life-cycle-cost-of-facilities-indian-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7462</span> Human-Elephant Conflict and Mitigation Measures in Buffer Zone of Bardia National Park, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabin%20Paudel">Rabin Paudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dambar%20Bahadur%20Mahato"> Dambar Bahadur Mahato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabin%20Poudel"> Prabin Poudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bijaya%20Neupane"> Bijaya Neupane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakar%20Jha"> Sakar Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) is very important in countries like Nepal, where solutions to escalating conflicts are urgently required. However, most of the HEC mitigation measures implemented so far have been done on an ad hoc basis without the detailed understanding of nature and extent of the damage. This study aims to assess the current scenario of HEC in regards to crop and property damages by Wild Asian Elephant and people’s perception towards existing mitigating measures and elephant conservation in Buffer zone area of Bardia National Park. The methods used were a questionnaire survey (N= 178), key-informant interview (N= 18) and focal group discussions (N= 6). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the nature and extent of damage and to understand people’s perception towards HEC, its mitigation measures and elephant conservation. Chi-square test was applied to determine the significance of crop and property damages with respect to distance from the park boundary. Out of all types of damage, crop damage was found to be the highest (51%), followed by house damage (31%) and damage to stored grains (18%) with winter being the season with the greatest elephant damage. Among 178 respondents, the majority of them (82%) were positive towards elephant conservation despite the increment in HEC incidents as perceived by 88% of total respondents. Among the mitigation measures present, the most applied was electric fence (91%) followed by barbed wire fence (5%), reinforced concrete cement wall (3%) and gabion wall (1%). Most effective mitigation measures were reinforced concrete cement wall and gabion wall. To combat increasing crop damage, the insurance policy should be initiated. The efficiency of the mitigation measures should be timely monitored, and corrective measures should be applied as per the need. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20and%20property%20damage" title="crop and property damage">crop and property damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elephant%20conflict" title=" elephant conflict"> elephant conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asiatic%20wild%20elephant" title=" Asiatic wild elephant"> Asiatic wild elephant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20measures" title=" mitigation measures"> mitigation measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111975/human-elephant-conflict-and-mitigation-measures-in-buffer-zone-of-bardia-national-park-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7461</span> Harmonic Mitigation and Total Harmonic Distortion Reduction in Grid-Connected PV Systems: A Case Study Using Real-Time Data and Filtering Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atena%20Tazikeh%20Lemeski">Atena Tazikeh Lemeski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Ozdamar"> Ismail Ozdamar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a detailed analysis of harmonic distortion in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using real-time data captured from a solar power plant. Harmonics introduced by inverters in PV systems can degrade power quality and lead to increased Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), which poses challenges such as transformer overheating, increased power losses, and potential grid instability. This research addresses these issues by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to identify significant harmonic components and employing notch filters to target specific frequencies, particularly the 3rd harmonic (150 Hz), which was identified as the largest contributor to THD. Initial analysis of the unfiltered voltage signal revealed a THD of 21.15%, with prominent harmonic peaks at 150 Hz, 250 Hz and 350 Hz, corresponding to the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics, respectively. After implementing the notch filters, the THD was reduced to 5.72%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in mitigating harmonic distortion without affecting the fundamental frequency. This paper provides practical insights into the application of real-time filtering techniques in PV systems and their role in improving overall grid stability and power quality. The results indicate that targeted harmonic mitigation is crucial for the sustainable integration of renewable energy sources into modern electrical grids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20photovoltaic%20systems" title="grid-connected photovoltaic systems">grid-connected photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20Fourier%20transform" title=" fast Fourier transform"> fast Fourier transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20filtering" title=" harmonic filtering"> harmonic filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter-induced%20harmonics" title=" inverter-induced harmonics"> inverter-induced harmonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192300/harmonic-mitigation-and-total-harmonic-distortion-reduction-in-grid-connected-pv-systems-a-case-study-using-real-time-data-and-filtering-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7460</span> Strategies of Smart City in Response to Climate Change: Focused on the Case Studies of Sweden, Japan, and Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Kim">K. M. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Lee"> S. J. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Oh"> D. S. Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadohara%20Satoru"> Sadohara Satoru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The climate change poses a serious challenge to urban sustainability. To alleviate the environmental risk, urban planning has been concentrated on climate adaptation and mitigation, and the sustainable urban model, smart city, has been suggested. However, with regard to sustainable smart city development, a majority of researchers have focused mainly on the aspect of adaptation, which causes the lack of the approaches for mitigation. Therefore, the objective was to identify the planning elements of smart city with integrative reviews about mitigation and adaptation. Moreover, the concepts of smart cities in Sweden, Japan, and Korea were analyzed to find out the country-specific characteristics and strategies for achieving smart city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20urban%20planning" title="sustainable urban planning">sustainable urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigating%20and%20adaptation" title=" mitigating and adaptation"> mitigating and adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51019/strategies-of-smart-city-in-response-to-climate-change-focused-on-the-case-studies-of-sweden-japan-and-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7459</span> Problems of Drought and Its Management in Yobe State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Gana%20Abdullahi">Hassan Gana Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20A.%20Fullen"> Michael A. Fullen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Oloke"> David Oloke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought poses an enormous global threat to sustainable development and is expected to increase with global climate change. Drought and desertification are major problems in Yobe State (north-east Nigeria). This investigation aims to develop a workable framework and management tool for drought mitigation in Yobe State. Mixed methods were employed during the study and additional qualitative information was gathered through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Data on socio-economic impacts of drought were thus collected via both questionnaire surveys and FGD. In all, 1,040 questionnaires were distributed to farmers in the State and 721 were completed, representing a return rate of 69.3%. Data analysis showed that 97.9% of respondents considered themselves to be drought victims, whilst 69.3% of the respondents were unemployed and had no other means of income, except through rain-fed farming. Developing a viable and holistic approach to drought mitigation is crucial, to arrest and hopefully reverse environment degradation. Analysed data will be used to develop an integrated framework for drought mitigation and management in Yobe State. This paper introduces the socio-economic and environmental effects of drought in Yobe State. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title="drought">drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yobe%20State" title=" Yobe State"> Yobe State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63868/problems-of-drought-and-its-management-in-yobe-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7458</span> Understanding the Impact of Out-of-Sequence Thrust Dynamics on Earthquake Mitigation: Implications for Hazard Assessment and Disaster Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh">Rajkumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquakes pose significant risks to human life and infrastructure, highlighting the importance of effective earthquake mitigation strategies. Traditional earthquake modelling and mitigation efforts have largely focused on the primary fault segments and their slip behaviour. However, earthquakes can exhibit complex rupture dynamics, including out-of-sequence thrust (OOST) events, which occur on secondary or subsidiary faults. This abstract examines the impact of OOST dynamics on earthquake mitigation strategies and their implications for hazard assessment and disaster planning. OOST events challenge conventional seismic hazard assessments by introducing additional fault segments and potential rupture scenarios that were previously unrecognized or underestimated. Consequently, these events may increase the overall seismic hazard in affected regions. The study reviews recent case studies and research findings that illustrate the occurrence and characteristics of OOST events. It explores the factors contributing to OOST dynamics, such as stress interactions between fault segments, fault geometry, and mechanical properties of fault materials. Moreover, it investigates the potential triggers and precursory signals associated with OOST events to enhance early warning systems and emergency response preparedness. The abstract also highlights the significance of incorporating OOST dynamics into seismic hazard assessment methodologies. It discusses the challenges associated with accurately modelling OOST events, including the need for improved understanding of fault interactions, stress transfer mechanisms, and rupture propagation patterns. Additionally, the abstract explores the potential for advanced geophysical techniques, such as high-resolution imaging and seismic monitoring networks, to detect and characterize OOST events. Furthermore, the abstract emphasizes the practical implications of OOST dynamics for earthquake mitigation strategies and urban planning. It addresses the need for revising building codes, land-use regulations, and infrastructure designs to account for the increased seismic hazard associated with OOST events. It also underscores the importance of public awareness campaigns to educate communities about the potential risks and safety measures specific to OOST-induced earthquakes. This sheds light on the impact of out-of-sequence thrust dynamics in earthquake mitigation. By recognizing and understanding OOST events, researchers, engineers, and policymakers can improve hazard assessment methodologies, enhance early warning systems, and implement effective mitigation measures. By integrating knowledge of OOST dynamics into urban planning and infrastructure development, societies can strive for greater resilience in the face of earthquakes, ultimately minimizing the potential for loss of life and infrastructure damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20mitigation" title="earthquake mitigation">earthquake mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-sequence%20thrust" title=" out-of-sequence thrust"> out-of-sequence thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imagery" title=" satellite imagery"> satellite imagery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169831/understanding-the-impact-of-out-of-sequence-thrust-dynamics-on-earthquake-mitigation-implications-for-hazard-assessment-and-disaster-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7457</span> Attitude of Youth Farmers to Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Benue State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cynthia%20E.%20Nwobodo">Cynthia E. Nwobodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Agwu"> A. E. Agwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out in Benue State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from two agricultural zones in the State. Data was collected using interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used in data analysis. Findings showed that youth farmers in the area had positive attitude to climate change adaptation and mitigation as shown by their response to a set of positive and negative statement including: the youth are very important stakeholders in climate change issues (M= 2.91), youths should be encouraged to be climate change conscious (2.90), everybody should be involved in planting trees not just the government (M= 2.89), I will be glad to participate in climate change seminars (M= 2.89) among others. Findings on information seeking behavior indicate that majority (80.8 %) of the respondents sought climate change information from radio at an average of 19.78 times per month, 53.3 % sought from friends and neighbours at an average of 12.55 times per month and 42.5 % sought from family members at an average of 12.55 times per month among others. It was recommended that Youth farmers should be made important stakeholders in climate change policies and programmes since they have a very positive attitude to climate change adaptation and mitigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20farmers" title=" youth farmers"> youth farmers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19959/attitude-of-youth-farmers-to-climate-change-adaptation-and-mitigation-in-benue-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20techniques&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20techniques&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20techniques&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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