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href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tryckta_verk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tryckta_verk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tryckta verk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tryckta_verk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fotnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyska novemberrevolutionen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 56 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="الثورة الألمانية (1918–1919) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الثورة الألمانية (1918–1919)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_Payares" title="Revolución de Payares – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Revolución de Payares" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyabr_inqilab%C4%B1" title="Noyabr inqilabı – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Noyabr inqilabı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B8-%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="۱۹۱۸-۱۹۱۹ آلمان اینقلابی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۱۸-۱۹۱۹ آلمان اینقلابی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Лістападаўская рэвалюцыя – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лістападаўская рэвалюцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Лістападаўская рэвалюцыя – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лістападаўская рэвалюцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1918_%E2%80%93_1919)" title="Германска революция (1918 – 1919) – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германска революция (1918 – 1919)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reveulzi_spartakour" title="Reveulzi spartakour – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reveulzi spartakour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3_Alemanya" title="Revolució Alemanya – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolució Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listopadov%C3%A1_revoluce_(N%C4%9Bmecko)" title="Listopadová revoluce (Německo) – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Listopadová revoluce (Německo)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novemberrevolutionen" title="Novemberrevolutionen – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Novemberrevolutionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novemberrevolution" title="Novemberrevolution – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novemberrevolution" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembrirevolutsioon" title="Novembrirevolutsioon – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Novembrirevolutsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Νοεμβριανή Επανάσταση – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νοεμβριανή Επανάσταση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="German revolution of 1918–1919 – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German revolution of 1918–1919" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_Noviembre" title="Revolución de Noviembre – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revolución de Noviembre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembra_Revolucio_(Germanio)" title="Novembra Revolucio (Germanio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novembra Revolucio (Germanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaroko_Iraultza" title="Azaroko Iraultza – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azaroko Iraultza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B8_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انقلاب ۱۹۱۹–۱۹۱۸ آلمان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انقلاب ۱۹۱۹–۱۹۱۸ آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_allemande_de_1918-1919" title="Révolution allemande de 1918-1919 – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révolution allemande de 1918-1919" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novimberrevol%C3%BAsje" title="Novimberrevolúsje – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Novimberrevolúsje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-a-mach_na_Gearmailt" title="Ar-a-mach na Gearmailt – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ar-a-mach na Gearmailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_Novembro" title="Revolución de Novembro – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Revolución de Novembro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_11%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="독일 11월 혁명 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일 11월 혁명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="जर्मन क्रांति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन क्रांति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka_revolucija" title="Njemačka revolucija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačka revolucija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Jerman_1918-1919" title="Revolusi Jerman 1918-1919 – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revolusi Jerman 1918-1919" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivoluzione_di_novembre" title="Rivoluzione di novembre – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivoluzione di novembre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המהפכה הגרמנית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המהפכה הגרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნოემბრის რევოლუცია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოემბრის რევოლუცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ноябрь революциясы – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ноябрь революциясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembra_revol%C5%ABcija" title="Novembra revolūcija – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Novembra revolūcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918%E2%80%9319-es_n%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1gi_forradalom" title="1918–19-es németországi forradalom – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1918–19-es németországi forradalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ноемвриска револуција – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ноемвриска револуција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="الثوره الالمانيه (1918–1919) – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الثوره الالمانيه (1918–1919)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Jerman_1918%E2%80%9319" title="Revolusi Jerman 1918–19 – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Revolusi Jerman 1918–19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novemberrevolutie" title="Novemberrevolutie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Novemberrevolutie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="ドイツ革命 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ革命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novemberrevolusjonen" title="Novemberrevolusjonen – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novemberrevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tyske_novemberrevolusjonen" title="Den tyske novemberrevolusjonen – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den tyske novemberrevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyabr_inqilobi" title="Noyabr inqilobi – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Noyabr inqilobi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B8-%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="د جرمني د ۱۹۱۸-۱۹۱۹ انقلاب – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د جرمني د ۱۹۱۸-۱۹۱۹ انقلاب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewolucja_listopadowa" title="Rewolucja listopadowa – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rewolucja listopadowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Alem%C3%A3_de_1918-1919" title="Revolução Alemã de 1918-1919 – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolução Alemã de 1918-1919" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_German%C4%83" title="Revoluția Germană – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revoluția Germană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluziun_da_november" title="Revoluziun da november – rätoromanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Revoluziun da november" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rätoromanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ноябрьская революция – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ноябрьская революция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembarska_revolucija" title="Novembarska revolucija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novembarska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_vallankumous_(1918)" title="Saksan vallankumous (1918) – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan vallankumous (1918)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Ноябрь революциясе – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ноябрь революциясе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1918%E2%80%931919" title="การปฏิวัติเยอรมัน ค.ศ. 1918–1919 – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิวัติเยอรมัน ค.ศ. 1918–1919" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918-1919_Alman_Devrimi" title="1918-1919 Alman Devrimi – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1918-1919 Alman Devrimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Листопадова революція – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Листопадова революція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Cách mạng Đức (1918–1919) – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cách mạng Đức (1918–1919)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:lightsteelblue; color:black;">Tyska novemberrevolutionen</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810,_Berlin,_Brandenburger_Tor,_Novemberrevolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0527-0001-810%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Novemberrevolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> <div style="">Revolutionära soldater med den röda fanan 9 november 1918 framför <a href="/wiki/Brandenburger_Tor" title="Brandenburger Tor">Brandenburger Tor</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Plats</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland"><img alt="Kejsardömet Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland">Tyskland</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Datum</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/3_november" title="3 november">3 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>-<a href="/wiki/11_augusti" title="11 augusti">11 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Karaktär</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Part I</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Tysklands_kommunistiska_parti" title="Tysklands kommunistiska parti">Tysklands kommunistiska parti</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Part II</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland"><img alt="Kejsardömet Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland">Kejsardömet Tyskland</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Part III</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Weimarrepubliken" title="Weimarrepubliken"><img alt="Weimarrepubliken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Weimarrepubliken" title="Weimarrepubliken">Weimarrepubliken</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Syfte</th><td class="" style="">Avsätta monarkin</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; white-space: nowrap;">Resultat</th><td class="" style="">Tyskland republik</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r53696904"><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px; width:18em; padding: 0px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="vcard" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding:0.25em 0; background:#ccf; font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Tysklands_historia" title="Tysklands historia"><span style="color:black"><span class="fn org label">Tysklands</span> historia</span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tysklands statsvapen"><img alt="Tysklands statsvapen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><br /><small>Denna artikel är en del av <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tyskland" title="Kategori:Tyskland"><b>en serie</b></a></small><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style=">Tidslinje</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Germanien" title="Germanien">Germanien</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Folkvandringstiden" title="Folkvandringstiden">Folkvandringstiden</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austrasien" title="Austrasien">Austrasien</a> <small>(511–719)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Sachsen" title="Gamla Sachsen">Gamla Sachsen</a> <small>(?–785)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Frankerriket" title="Frankerriket">Frankerriket</a> <small>(719–843)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stfrankiska_riket" title="Östfrankiska riket">Östfrankiska riket</a> <small>(843–962)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tysk-romerska_riket" title="Tysk-romerska riket">Tysk-romerska riket</a> <small>(962–1806)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Preussen" title="Preussen">Preussen</a> <small>(1701–1918)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Rhenförbundet">Rhenförbundet</a> <small>(1806–1813)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tyska_f%C3%B6rbundet" title="Tyska förbundet">Tyska förbundet</a> <small>(1815–1866)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nordtyska_f%C3%B6rbundet" title="Nordtyska förbundet">Nordtyska förbundet</a> <small>(1866–1871)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kejsardömet Tyskland">Kejsardömet</a> <small>(1871–1918)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novemberrevolutionen</a> <small>(1918–1919)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Weimarrepubliken" title="Weimarrepubliken">Weimarrepubliken</a> <small>(1919–1933)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nazityskland" title="Nazityskland">Nazityskland</a> <small>(1933–1945)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ockupationen_av_Tyskland_efter_andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Ockupationen av Tyskland efter andra världskriget">Ockupationen</a> <small>(1945–1949)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sttyskland" title="Västtyskland">Västtyskland</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C3%96sttyskland" title="Östtyskland">Östtyskland</a> <small>(1949–1990)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tysklands_%C3%A5terf%C3%B6rening" title="Tysklands återförening">Tysklands återförening</a> <small>(1989–1990)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tysklands_historia_efter_%C3%A5terf%C3%B6reningen" title="Tysklands historia efter återföreningen">Efter återföreningen</a> <small>(från 1990)</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tyska novemberrevolutionen</b> började som ett <a href="/wiki/Myteri" title="Myteri">myteri</a> inom <a href="/wiki/Kejserliga_marinen_(Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland)" title="Kejserliga marinen (Kejsardömet Tyskland)">tyska rikets flotta</a> och kom att spridas till arméstridskrafter för att utmynna i ett arbetaruppror år <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrund">Bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bakgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bakgrund"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På grund av det hotande nederlaget i första världskriget uppmanade den <a href="/wiki/Oberste_Heeresleitung" title="Oberste Heeresleitung">tyska arméledningen</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_Tyskland" title="Vilhelm II av Tyskland">kejsar Wilhelm II</a> att gå i <a href="/wiki/Exil" title="Exil">exil</a> till <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a> i ett försök att rädda armén och staten. Regeringsmakten, som dittills i praktiken utövats diktatoriskt genom dekret av general <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a>, arméns <i>Generalquartiermeister</i> (chef för arméstaben), med kejsarens stöd, återgick nu till den civila regeringen som ombildades med <a href="/wiki/Max_av_Baden" title="Max av Baden">prins Max av Baden</a> som <a href="/wiki/Tysklands_rikskansler" title="Tysklands rikskansler">rikskansler</a>. Efter en kort tid avgick prins Max då huvuddelen av <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland)" title="Reichstag (Kejsardömet Tyskland)">riksdagen</a> inte stod bakom honom. Det största partiets ledare, <a href="/wiki/Tysklands_socialdemokratiska_parti" title="Tysklands socialdemokratiska parti">socialdemokraten</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> övertog då ledningen interimistiskt. </p><p>Berlins invånare gick ut på gatorna i 100 000-tal i protest mot militärregimen och misshandlade poliskonstaplar, officerare och andra uniformerade personer. Regeringsmakten bröt samman då de militära truppförbanden inte längre lydde order från sina officerare och inte kunde sättas in emot demonstrationerna utan istället förenade sig med människomassorna. I syfte att rädda staten utropades den tyska republiken från <a href="/wiki/Riksdagshuset_i_Berlin" title="Riksdagshuset i Berlin">riksdagshusets</a> fönster av socialdemokraten <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a>, vilket människomassorna uppskattade och ett visst lugn inträdde. </p><p>Ebert fortsatte att utöva ledningen stödd på nybildade arbetare- och soldatråd. En tids maktkamp mellan socialdemokrater och radikala socialister uppstod om dessa råd. Då socialdemokraterna hade lyckats få stöd hos ett arméförband i Berlin, <i>4. Jägerbataillon,</i> kunde säkerheten tryggas för dess ledning och dess tidning <i>Vorwärts</i> genom vilken partiet kommunicerade med medborgarna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matrosupproret">Matrosupproret</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Matrosupproret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Matrosupproret"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Matrosupproret" title="Matrosupproret">Matrosupproret</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Natten till den <a href="/wiki/29_oktober" title="29 oktober">29 oktober</a> 1918 hade Flottans överkommando beslutat segla ut och möta den brittiska flottan i en sista drabbning i Nordsjön. Åtgärden var inte förankrad i regeringen. Matroserna på några stora fartyg i <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> vägrade lyda order och gjorde myteri. I första hand för att skydda sig mot motåtgärder spred man myteriet till hamnarbetarna på flottans varv och till de truppförband som bevakade hamnarna. Redan den 6 november hade revolutionen spridit sig till <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stfronten_under_f%C3%B6rsta_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Västfronten under första världskriget">västfronten</a> och omfattade snart även de större städerna och hamnarna i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271,_Berlin,_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten,_Liebknecht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P046271%2C_Berlin%2C_Kundgebung_im_Tiergarten%2C_Liebknecht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Karl Liebknecht håller tal vid ett möte den 9 november 1918 i <a href="/wiki/Tiergarten" title="Tiergarten">Tiergarten</a> i Berlin.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionen_i_München"><span id="Revolutionen_i_M.C3.BCnchen"></span>Revolutionen i München</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Revolutionen i München" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Revolutionen i München"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den 7 november förklarades <a href="/wiki/Bayern" title="Bayern">Bayern</a> vara en <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialistisk</a> republik, <a href="/wiki/Bayern#Fristaten_Bayern" title="Bayern">Fristaten Bayern</a>, av ledaren för "Det Oberoende Socialistpartiet" – <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eisner" title="Kurt Eisner">Kurt Eisner</a>. Eisner deklarerade att till skillnad från den <a href="/wiki/Bolsjevik" title="Bolsjevik">bolsjevikiska</a> revolutionen i Ryssland skulle privat egendom skyddas av den nya regeringen. Eisners republik följdes i april 1919 av den <a href="/wiki/Bayerska_r%C3%A5dsrepubliken" title="Bayerska rådsrepubliken">Bayerska rådsrepubliken</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kejsaren_abdikerar">Kejsaren abdikerar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kejsaren abdikerar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kejsaren abdikerar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den 9 november 1918 abdikerade <a href="/wiki/Kejsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejsar">kejsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_Tyskland" title="Vilhelm II av Tyskland">Vilhelm II</a> och ledaren för <a href="/wiki/Tysklands_socialdemokratiska_parti" title="Tysklands socialdemokratiska parti">Tysklands socialdemokratiska parti</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> fick makten av kanslern <a href="/wiki/Max_av_Baden" title="Max av Baden">Max av Baden</a>. </p><p>Av fruktan för ett <a href="/wiki/Inb%C3%B6rdeskrig" title="Inbördeskrig">inbördeskrig</a> och den tyska statens upplösning sökte Ebert stöd hos <a href="/wiki/Oberste_Heeresleitung" title="Oberste Heeresleitung">den tyska militärens överkommando</a> på Västfronten. Ebert ville alltjämt att den kejserliga eliten skulle bevaras men omges av <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokratiska</a> förhållanden. Uppdraget att organisera pålitliga regeringstrogna truppförband utanför Berlin gavs till socialdemokraten <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Noske" title="Gustav Noske">Gustav Noske</a>. Det <a href="/wiki/Revolution%C3%A4r_marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionär marxism">revolutionärt marxistiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Spartacusf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Spartacusförbundet">Spartacusförbundets</a> uppror, kallat <a href="/wiki/Spartakistupproret" title="Spartakistupproret">spartakistupproret</a>, i januari 1919 i Berlins innerstad kunde därför slås ner och ordningen återställas. </p><p>Den 13 januari 1919 hade <a href="/wiki/Kommunist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommunist">kommunisterna</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Karl Liebknecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Jogiches" title="Leo Jogiches">Leo Jogiches</a> och <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a> blivit infångade och mördade. Under våren kom även den nyligen utropade socialistiska rådsrepubliken i Bayern att slås ner av den tyska armén. Revolutionen avslutades formellt den 11 augusti <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> då den <a href="/wiki/Weimarkonstitutionen" title="Weimarkonstitutionen">nya författningen</a> undertecknades, och <a href="/wiki/Weimarrepubliken" title="Weimarrepubliken">Weimarrepubliken</a> upprättades.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsoroligheterna_i_Berlin_1919" title="Marsoroligheterna i Berlin 1919">Marsoroligheterna i Berlin 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartakistupproret" title="Spartakistupproret">Spartakistupproret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fria_f%C3%B6rbundet_av_tyska_fackf%C3%B6reningar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fria förbundet av tyska fackföreningar">Fria förbundet av tyska fackföreningar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolkst%C3%B6tslegenden" title="Dolkstötslegenden">Dolkstötslegenden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tryckta_verk">Tryckta verk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta verk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tryckta verk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHaffnerEkstrand_Robert2005"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Haffner" title="Sebastian Haffner">Haffner, Sebastian</a>; Ekstrand Robert (2005). <i><span>Den tyska revolutionen 1918/19</span></i>. Nora: Nya Doxa. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/9876505">9876505</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-578-0462-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-578-0462-1">ISBN 91-578-0462-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+tyska+revolutionen+1918%2F19&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.au=Haffner%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Ekstrand+Robert&rft.date=2005&rft.place=Nora&rft.pub=Nya+Doxa&rft.isbn=91-578-0462-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska_novemberrevolutionen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWattAdlerberth_Roland_1923-19931970">Watt, Richard M.; Adlerberth Roland 1923-1993 (1970). <i><span>Europeisk tragedi: Versailles och den tyska revolutionen</span></i>. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/679846">679846</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europeisk+tragedi%3A+Versailles+och+den+tyska+revolutionen&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft.au=Watt%2C+Richard+M.&rft.au=Adlerberth+Roland+1923-1993&rft.date=1970&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Rab%C3%A9n+%26+Sj%C3%B6gren&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska_novemberrevolutionen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fotnoter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/weimarrepubliken">”Weimarrepubliken”</a>. Nationalencyklopedin<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/weimarrepubliken">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/weimarrepubliken</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juni 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Weimarrepubliken&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nationalencyklopedin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fweimarrepubliken&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska_novemberrevolutionen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.org/svenska/socialism/1975/arbetarrad/02.htm">Tyska revolutionen 1918</a> Novemberrevolutionen och händelserna under början av 1919.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.org/svenska/historia/gik/arbetarraden.htm">Arbetarrörelsen i Tyskland 1918-29</a> Den organisatoriska aspekten av revolutionen samt efterspel.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&oldid=55505312">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyska_novemberrevolutionen&oldid=55505312</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1918_i_Tyskland" title="Kategori:1918 i Tyskland">1918 i Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1919_i_Tyskland" title="Kategori:1919 i Tyskland">1919 i Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik_i_kejsard%C3%B6met_Tyskland" title="Kategori:Politik i kejsardömet Tyskland">Politik i kejsardömet Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik%C3%A5ret_1918" title="Kategori:Politikåret 1918">Politikåret 1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik%C3%A5ret_1919" title="Kategori:Politikåret 1919">Politikåret 1919</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Weimarrepubliken" title="Kategori:Weimarrepubliken">Weimarrepubliken</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Revolutioner" title="Kategori:Revolutioner">Revolutioner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tyskland_under_f%C3%B6rsta_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Kategori:Tyskland under första världskriget">Tyskland under första världskriget</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 2 augusti 2024 kl. 16.41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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