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</a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Military career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_commissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_commissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial commissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_commissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_of_1812" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_of_1812"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>War of 1812</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_of_1812-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_of_Fort_Howard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_of_Fort_Howard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Command of Fort Howard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_of_Fort_Howard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Hawk_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Hawk_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Black Hawk War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Hawk_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Seminole_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Seminole_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Second Seminole War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Seminole_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican–American_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican–American_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Mexican–American War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican–American_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dates of rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_of_1848" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_1848"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Election of 1848</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_1848-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(1849–1850)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(1849–1850)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Presidency (1849–1850)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(1849–1850)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidency (1849–1850) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(1849–1850)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inauguration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inauguration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Inauguration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inauguration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sectional_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectional_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sectional crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectional_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Foreign affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compromise_attempts_and_final_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compromise_attempts_and_final_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Compromise attempts and final days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compromise_attempts_and_final_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Judicial appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assassination_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Assassination theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_reputation_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_reputation_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Historical reputation and memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_reputation_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>General biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_and_military_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_military_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Political and military history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_military_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zachary Taylor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%AA_%E1%89%B4%E1%88%88%E1%88%AD" title="ዛከሪ ቴለር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዛከሪ ቴለር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacharias_Taylor" title="Zacharias Taylor – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Zacharias Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زكاري تايلور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زكاري تايلور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B9%D5%A7%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%A8%D6%80" title="Զաքըրի Թէյլըր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զաքըրի Թէյլըր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakari_Teylor" title="Zakari Teylor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zakari Teylor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زکری تئیلور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زکری تئیلور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জ্যাকারি টেইলার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যাকারি টেইলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Закары Тэйлар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закары Тэйлар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захары Тэйлар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Захары Тэйлар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Закари Тейлър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закари Тейлър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Закари Тейлор – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Закари Тейлор" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A9_%DE%93%DE%AD%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%AF%DE%83" title="ޒަކަރީ ޓޭއިލޯރ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޒަކަރީ ޓޭއިލޯރ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Ζαχαρίας Τέιλορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαχαρίας Τέιλορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زکری تیلور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زکری تیلور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زكريا تيلور – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زكريا تيلور" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%BB%A4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC" title="재커리 테일러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재커리 테일러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Զաքարի Թեյլոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զաքարի Թեյլոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="ज़ैकरी टेलर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ैकरी टेलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8" title="זאכרי טיילור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זאכרי טיילור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ზაქარი ტეილორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაქარი ტეილორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Закари Тейлор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Закари Тейлор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacharias_Taylor" title="Zacharias Taylor – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zacharias Taylor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekerijs_Teilors" title="Zekerijs Teilors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zekerijs Teilors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC" title="സാഖറി ടെയ്‌ലർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാഖറി ടെയ്‌ലർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="झकॅरी टेलर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झकॅरी टेलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ზაქარი ტეილორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზაქარი ტეილორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زاكارى تايلور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زاكارى تايلور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زاکری تیلور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زاکری تیلور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ဇက်ခရီ တေလာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇက်ခရီ တေလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_(politicus)" title="Zachary Taylor (politicus) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zachary Taylor (politicus)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्याचरी टेलर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ज्याचरी टेलर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ザカリー・テイラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザカリー・テイラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜੈਚਰੀ ਟਾਇਲਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੈਚਰੀ ਟਾਇਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="زچاری ٹیلر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زچاری ٹیلر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%BC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="زاکاري ټایلر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زاکاري ټایلر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тейлор, Закари – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тейлор, Закари" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="زاکاری تەیلەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زاکاری تەیلەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Закари Тејлор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Закари Тејлор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சக்கரி தைலர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சக்கரி தைலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Зәкари Тейлор – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зәкари Тейлор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แซคารี เทย์เลอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซคารี เทย์เลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B5_%E1%8F%96%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%B3" title="ᏣᎦᎵ ᏖᎢᎳ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᎦᎵ ᏖᎢᎳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakari_Te%C3%BDlor" title="Zakari Teýlor – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Zakari Teýlor" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Закарі Тейлор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закарі Тейлор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="زیکری ٹیلر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیکری ٹیلر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zachary Taylor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu 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For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zachary Taylor (disambiguation)">Zachary Taylor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"General Taylor" and "Zach Taylor" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/General_Taylor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="General Taylor (disambiguation)">General Taylor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Zachary Taylor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_(cropped)(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/220px-Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/330px-Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/440px-Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="975" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Taylor <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1843–1845</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1849<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – July 9, 1850</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Millard Fillmore</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_(Mexico)" title="Army of Occupation (Mexico)">Commander of the Army of Occupation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 23, 1845 – July 23, 1848</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">James K. Polk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Davenport</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1784-11-24</span>)</span>November 24, 1784<br /><a href="/wiki/Barboursville,_Virginia" title="Barboursville, Virginia">Barboursville, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 9, 1850<span style="display:none">(1850-07-09)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_D.C." title="Washington County, D.C.">Washington County, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_National_Cemetery" title="Zachary Taylor National Cemetery">Zachary Taylor National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Smith</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="June 21, 1810">1810</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6, including <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Knox_Taylor" title="Sarah Knox Taylor">Sarah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Bliss" title="Mary Elizabeth Bliss">Mary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(colonel)" title="Richard Taylor (colonel)">Richard Taylor</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Military officer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zachary Taylor's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg/128px-Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg/192px-Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg/256px-Zachary_Taylor_Signature-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="47" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1808–1849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_(Mexico)" title="Army of Occupation (Mexico)">Army of Occupation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Harrison">Siege of Fort Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Credit_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Credit Island">Battle of Credit Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee" title="Battle of Lake Okeechobee">Battle of Lake Okeechobee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palo_Alto" title="Battle of Palo Alto">Battle of Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca_de_la_Palma" title="Battle of Resaca de la Palma">Battle of Resaca de la Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monterrey" title="Battle of Monterrey">Battle of Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buena_Vista" title="Battle of Buena Vista">Battle of Buena Vista</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zachary Taylor</b> (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military officer and politician who was the 12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>, serving from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, rising to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a> and becoming a national hero for his victories in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>. As a result, he won election to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> despite his vague political beliefs. His top priority as president was to preserve the Union. He died 16 months into his term from a <a href="/wiki/Stomach_disease" title="Stomach disease">stomach disease</a>. Taylor had the third-shortest presidential term in U.S. history. </p><p>Taylor was born into a prominent family of plantation owners who moved westward from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, in his youth. He was the last president born before the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">the Constitution</a>. He was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Army in 1808 and made a name for himself as a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. He climbed the ranks of the military, establishing military forts along the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and entering the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> in 1832. His success in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a> attracted national attention and earned him the nickname "Old Rough and Ready". </p><p>In 1845, during the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Texas">annexation of Texas</a>, President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> dispatched Taylor to the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> in anticipation of a battle with <a href="/wiki/Centralist_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Centralist Republic of Mexico">Mexico</a> over the disputed <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Texas–Mexico border</a>. The Mexican–American War broke out in April 1846, and Taylor defeated Mexican troops commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Arista" title="Mariano Arista">Mariano Arista</a> at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palo_Alto" title="Battle of Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resaca_de_la_Palma" class="mw-redirect" title="Resaca de la Palma">Resaca de la Palma</a>, driving Arista's troops out of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. Taylor then led his troops into Mexico, where they defeated Mexican troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Ampudia" title="Pedro de Ampudia">Pedro de Ampudia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monterrey" title="Battle of Monterrey">Battle of Monterrey</a>. Defying orders, Taylor led his troops further south and, despite being severely outnumbered, dealt a crushing blow to Mexican forces under General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buena_Vista" title="Battle of Buena Vista">Battle of Buena Vista</a>. Taylor's troops were transferred to the command of Major General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>, but Taylor retained his popularity. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> convinced a reluctant Taylor to lead its ticket in the <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 presidential election</a>, despite his unclear political tenets and lack of interest in politics. At the <a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 Whig National Convention</a>, Taylor defeated Winfield Scott and former senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> for the party's nomination. He won the general election alongside New York politician <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, defeating Democratic Party nominees <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William Orlando Butler</a>, as well as a third-party effort led by former president <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles Francis Adams Sr.</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a>. Taylor became the first president to be elected without having previously held political office. As president, he kept his distance from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a>, even though partisan tensions threatened to divide the Union. Debate over the status of slavery in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a> dominated the national political agenda and led to threats of <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">secession</a> from Southerners. Despite being a Southerner and a slaveholder himself, Taylor did not push for the expansion of slavery, and sought sectional harmony above all other concerns. To avoid the issue of slavery, he urged settlers in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">statehood</a>, setting the stage for the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>. </p><p>Taylor died suddenly of a stomach disease on July 9, 1850, with his administration having accomplished little aside from the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Clayton%E2%80%93Bulwer_Treaty" title="Clayton–Bulwer Treaty">Clayton–Bulwer Treaty</a> and having made no progress on the most divisive issue in Congress and the nation: <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>. Vice President Fillmore <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">assumed the presidency</a> and served the remainder of his term. Historians and scholars have <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">ranked</a> Taylor in the bottom quartile of U.S. presidents, owing in part to his short term of office (16 months), though he has been described as "more a forgettable president than a failed one".<sup id="cite_ref-Tolson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG/250px-Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG/375px-Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG/500px-Zachary_Taylor_House_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Taylor's childhood home in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">plantation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange County, Virginia</a>, to a prominent family of <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">planters</a> of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> ancestry. His birthplace may have been <a href="/wiki/Hare_Forest_Farm" title="Hare Forest Farm">Hare Forest Farm</a>, the home of his maternal grandfather William Strother, but this is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-vaNRHPnom_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaNRHPnom-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another possibility, one recognized by a historical marker, is Montebello, another Orange County estate.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the third of five surviving sons in his family (a sixth died in infancy) and had three younger sisters. His mother was Sarah Dabney (née Strother) Taylor. His father, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(colonel)" title="Richard Taylor (colonel)">Richard Taylor</a>, served as a lieutenant colonel in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19851–2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19851–2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194121–24,_261–262_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194121–24,_261–262-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor was a descendant of Elder <a href="/wiki/William_Brewster_(Pilgrim)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Brewster (Pilgrim)">William Brewster</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrim</a> leader of the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></i> immigrant, and a signer of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Allerton_Jr." title="Isaac Allerton Jr.">Isaac Allerton Jr.</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Colonial_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial America">colonial</a> merchant, colonel, and son of <i>Mayflower</i> Pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Allerton" title="Isaac Allerton">Isaac Allerton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fear_Brewster" title="Fear Brewster">Fear Brewster</a>. Taylor's second cousin through that line was <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, the fourth president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194122,_259_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194122,_259-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the famous <a href="/wiki/Lee_family" title="Lee family">Lee family</a> of Virginia, and a third cousin once removed of <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> General <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His family forsook its exhausted <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> land, joined the westward migration and settled near future <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. Taylor grew up in a small woodland cabin until, with increased prosperity, his family moved to a brick house. As a child, he lived in a battleground of the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, later claiming that he had seen <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> abduct and <a href="/wiki/Scalping" title="Scalping">scalp</a> his classmates while they were walking down the road together.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-51_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-51-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louisville's rapid growth was a boon for Taylor's father, who by the start of the 19th century had acquired 10,000 acres (40 km<sup>2</sup>) throughout <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, as well as 26 slaves to cultivate the most developed portion of his holdings. Taylor's formal education was sporadic because Kentucky's education system was just taking shape during his formative years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19854_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19854-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor's mother taught him to read and write,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he later attended a school operated by Elisha Ayer, a teacher originally from Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19854_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19854-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also attended a <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Kentucky" title="Middletown, Kentucky">Middletown, Kentucky</a>, academy run by Kean O'Hara, a classically trained scholar from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and the father of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_O%27Hara" title="Theodore O'Hara">Theodore O'Hara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayer recalled Taylor as a patient and quick learner, but his early letters showed a weak grasp of spelling and grammar,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as poor handwriting. All improved over time, but his handwriting remained difficult to read.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2></div> <p>In June 1810, Taylor married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mackall_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Mackall Smith">Margaret Mackall Smith</a>, whom he had met the previous autumn in Louisville. "Peggy" Smith came from a prominent family of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> planters—her father was Major Walter Smith, who had served in the Revolutionary War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19858–9_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19858–9-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had six children: </p> <ul><li>Ann Mackall Taylor (1811–1875),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married Robert C. Wood, a U.S. Army surgeon at Fort Snelling, in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198548–49_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198548–49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their son <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_Wood" title="John Taylor Wood">John Taylor Wood</a> served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Navy">Confederate Navy</a>. Wood was the father of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_Wood" title="Zachary Taylor Wood">Zachary Taylor Wood</a>, acting Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">North-West Mounted Police</a> and Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/Yukon_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukon Territory">Yukon Territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_Wood" title="Charles Carroll Wood">Charles Carroll Wood</a>, Lieutenant with the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Knox_Taylor" title="Sarah Knox Taylor">Sarah Knox "Knoxie" Taylor</a> (1814–1835),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> in 1835, a subordinate officer she had met through her father at the end of the Black Hawk War; she died at 21 of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Francisville,_Louisiana" title="St. Francisville, Louisiana">St. Francisville, Louisiana</a>, three months after her marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198569–70_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198569–70-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Octavia Pannell Taylor (1816–1820),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> died in early childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198538_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198538-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Margaret Smith Taylor (1819–1820),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> died in infancy along with Octavia when the Taylor family was stricken with a "bilious fever."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198538_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198538-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Bliss" title="Mary Elizabeth Bliss">Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Taylor</a> (1824–1909),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Smith_Bliss" title="William Wallace Smith Bliss">William Wallace Smith Bliss</a> in 1848 (he died in 1853);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985243_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985243-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married Philip Pendleton Dandridge in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard Taylor</a> (1826–1879),<sup id="cite_ref-miller-facts_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a> general;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008138–139_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008138–139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Taylor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margaret Smith Taylor"><img alt="Margaret Smith Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Margaret_Taylor.jpg/88px-Margaret_Taylor.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Margaret_Taylor.jpg/132px-Margaret_Taylor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Margaret_Taylor.jpg/176px-Margaret_Taylor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Margaret Smith Taylor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sarah [Knox] Taylor"><img alt="Sarah [Knox] Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg/101px-Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg/151px-Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg/201px-Sarah_Knox_Taylor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sarah [Knox] Taylor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Taylor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Taylor"><img alt="Richard Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/88px-Richard_Taylor.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/132px-Richard_Taylor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/176px-Richard_Taylor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Richard Taylor</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_commissions">Initial commissions</h3></div> <p>After serving briefly in the <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">Kentucky militia</a> in 1806,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor joined the U.S. Army on May 3, 1808; receiving a <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commission</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> as a <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Regiment (United States)">Kentuckian Seventh Infantry Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-51_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-51-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was among the new officers Congress commissioned in response to the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake%E2%80%93Leopard_affair" title="Chesapeake–Leopard affair"><i>Chesapeake–Leopard</i> affair</a>, in which the crew of a British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warship had boarded a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> frigate, sparking calls for war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19855_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19855-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194133_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194133-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor spent much of 1809 in the dilapidated camps of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana">Terre aux Boeufs</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Territory of Orleans</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">James Wilkinson</a>'s command, the soldiers at Terre aux Boeufs suffered greatly from disease and lack of supplies, and Taylor was given an extended leave, returning to Louisville to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20084–6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20084–6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">captain</a> in November 1810. His army duties were limited at this time, and he attended to his personal finances. Over the next several years, he began to purchase a good deal of bank stock in Louisville.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19855–10_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19855–10-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194135–37_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194135–37-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also bought a <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">plantation</a> in Louisville, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Grove_Plantation" title="Cypress Grove Plantation">Cypress Grove Plantation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a>. These acquisitions included slaves, rising in number to more than 200.<sup id="cite_ref-ANTI-SLAVERY_REPORTER_VOL_III_1848,_p_194-5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANTI-SLAVERY_REPORTER_VOL_III_1848,_p_194-5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1811 he was called to the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a>, where he assumed control of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox_(Vincennes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Knox (Vincennes)">Fort Knox</a> after the commandant fled. In a few weeks, he was able to restore order in the garrison, for which he was lauded by Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198510_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198510-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137–38_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137–38-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor was temporarily called to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to testify for Wilkinson as a witness in a <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>, and so did not take part in the November 1811 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a> against the forces of <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">chief</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20087–8_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20087–8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_of_1812">War of 1812</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, in which U.S. forces battled the British Empire and its <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indian</a> allies, Taylor defended <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Harrison">Fort Harrison</a> in Indiana Territory from an Indian attack commanded by Tecumseh. The September 1812 battle was the American forces' first land victory of the war, for which Taylor received wide praise, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> (temporary) promotion to the rank of major. According to historian <a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a>, this was the first brevet awarded in U.S. history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200810–11_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200810–11-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Taylor joined General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hopkins_(congressman)" title="Samuel Hopkins (congressman)">Samuel Hopkins</a> as an aide on two expeditions—one into the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> and one to the Tippecanoe battle site, where they were forced to retreat in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Battle of Wild Cat Creek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198513–19_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198513–19-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194139–46_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194139–46-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor moved his family to Fort Knox after the violence subsided.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–24_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–24-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–53_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–53-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1814, Taylor was called back into action under Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Howard_(Missouri_politician)" title="Benjamin Howard (Missouri politician)">Benjamin Howard</a>, and after Howard fell sick, Taylor led a 430-man expedition from <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, up the Mississippi River. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Credit_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Credit Island">Battle of Credit Island</a>, Taylor defeated Indian forces, but retreated after the Indians were joined by their British allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200813–15_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200813–15-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That October he supervised the construction of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Johnson" title="Fort Johnson">Fort Johnson</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Illinois" title="Warsaw, Illinois">Warsaw, Illinois</a>, the last toehold of the U.S. Army in the upper Mississippi River Valley. Upon Howard's death a few weeks later, Taylor was ordered to abandon the fort and retreat to St. Louis. Reduced to the rank of captain when the war ended in 1815, he resigned from the army. He reentered it a year later after gaining a commission as a major.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–30_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–30-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–59_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–59-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_of_Fort_Howard">Command of Fort Howard</h3></div> <p>Taylor commanded <a href="/wiki/Fort_Howard_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Howard (Wisconsin)">Fort Howard</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> settlement for two years, then returned to Louisville and his family. In April 1819 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and dined with President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200817–19_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200817–19-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1820, Taylor took the 7th Infantry to <a href="/wiki/Natchitoches,_Louisiana" title="Natchitoches, Louisiana">Natchitoches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a>. He subsequently established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Selden_(Louisiana)" title="Fort Selden (Louisiana)">Fort Selden</a> at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Sulphur_River" title="Sulphur River">Sulphur River</a> and the Red River. On the orders of General <a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Gaines" title="Edmund P. Gaines">Edmund P. Gaines</a>, he later found a new post more convenient to the Sabine River frontier. By March 1822, Taylor had established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesup" title="Fort Jesup">Fort Jesup</a> at the Shield's Spring site southwest of Natchitoches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–41_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–41-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That November (1822), Taylor was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Barracks" title="Pentagon Barracks">Baton Rouge</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, where he remained until February 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent the next few years on recruiting duty. In late 1826, he was called to Washington, D.C., for work on an Army committee to consolidate and improve military organization. In the meantime he acquired his first Louisiana plantation and decided to move with his family to a new home in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Hawk_War">Black Hawk War</h3></div> <p>In May 1828, Taylor was called back to action, commanding <a href="/wiki/Fort_Snelling" title="Fort Snelling">Fort Snelling</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>) on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River" title="Upper Mississippi River">Upper Mississippi River</a> for a year, and then nearby <a href="/wiki/Fort_Crawford" title="Fort Crawford">Fort Crawford</a> for a year. After some time on furlough, spent expanding his landholdings, Taylor was promoted to colonel of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Regiment (United States)">1st Infantry Regiment</a> in April 1832, when the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a> was beginning in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198547–49_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198547–49-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194177–82_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194177–82-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor campaigned under General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Atkinson_(soldier)" title="Henry Atkinson (soldier)">Henry Atkinson</a> to pursue and later defend against Chief <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_(Sauk_leader)" title="Black Hawk (Sauk leader)">Black Hawk</a>'s forces throughout the summer. The end of the war in August 1832 signaled the final Indian resistance to U.S. expansion in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–65_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–65-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194183–99_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194183–99-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, Taylor opposed the courtship of his 17-year-old daughter Sarah Knox Taylor with Lieutenant Jefferson Davis, the future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="President of the Confederate States of America">President of the Confederate States of America</a>. He respected Davis but did not wish his daughter to become a military wife, as he knew it was a hard life for families. Davis and Sarah Taylor married in June 1835 (when she was 21), but she died three months later of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> contracted on a visit to Davis's sister's home in <a href="/wiki/St._Francisville,_Louisiana" title="St. Francisville, Louisiana">St. Francisville, Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–74_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–74-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194183–109_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194183–109-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Seminole_War">Second Seminole War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg/220px-Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg/330px-Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg/440px-Florida_war_1837_-_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Florida war 1837</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1837, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a> was underway when Taylor was directed to Florida. He built <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gardiner" title="Fort Gardiner">Fort Gardiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Basinger_(Seminole_War_Fort)" title="Fort Basinger (Seminole War Fort)">Fort Basinger</a> as supply depots and communication centers in support of Major General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Jesup" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas S. Jesup">Thomas S. Jesup</a>'s campaign to penetrate deep into Seminole territory with large forces and trap the Seminoles and their allies in order to force them to fight or surrender. He engaged in battle with the <a href="/wiki/Seminole_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminole Indians">Seminole Indians</a> in the Christmas Day <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee" title="Battle of Lake Okeechobee">Battle of Lake Okeechobee</a>, among the largest U.S.–Indian battles of the 19th century; as a result, he was promoted to brigadier general. In May 1838, Jesup stepped down and placed Taylor in command of all American troops in Florida, a position he held for two years—his reputation as a military leader was growing and he became known as "Old Rough and Ready."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198575–95_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198575–95-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941122–141_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941122–141-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor was criticized for using <a href="/wiki/Bloodhound" title="Bloodhound">bloodhounds</a> in order to track Seminole.<sup id="cite_ref-ANTI-SLAVERY_REPORTER_VOL_III_1848,_p_194-5_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANTI-SLAVERY_REPORTER_VOL_III_1848,_p_194-5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his long-requested relief was granted, Taylor spent a comfortable year touring the nation with his family and meeting with military leaders. During this period, he began to be interested in politics and corresponded with President <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>. He was made commander of the Second Department of the Army's Western Division in May 1841. The sizable territory ran from the Mississippi River westward, south of the <a href="/wiki/37th_parallel_north" title="37th parallel north">37th parallel north</a>. Stationed in <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, Taylor enjoyed several uneventful years, spending as much time attending to his land speculation as to military matters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198596–110_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198596–110-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941142–155_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941142–155-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican–American_War"><span id="Mexican.E2.80.93American_War"></span>Mexican–American War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></div> <p>In anticipation of the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>, which had established independence in 1836, Taylor was sent in April 1844 to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesup" title="Fort Jesup">Fort Jesup</a> in Louisiana, and ordered to guard against attempts by Mexico to reclaim the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985111_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985111-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941156–158_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941156–158-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More senior generals in the army might have taken this important command, such as <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Gaines" title="Edmund P. Gaines">Edmund P. Gaines</a>. But both were known members of the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>, and Taylor's apolitical reputation and friendly relations with Andrew Jackson made him the choice of President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200830–31_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200830–31-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polk directed him to deploy into disputed territory in Texas, "on or near the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>" near Mexico. Taylor chose a spot at <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_(Mexico)" title="Army of Occupation (Mexico)">Army of Occupation</a> encamped there until the following spring in anticipation of a Mexican attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985116–123_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985116–123-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941158–165_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941158–165-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8,_1846.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG/220px-General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG/330px-General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG/440px-General_Zachary_Taylor_rides_his_horse_at_Palo_Alto_Battle_-_May_8%2C_1846.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>General Zachary Taylor rides his horse at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palo_Alto" title="Battle of Palo Alto">Battle of Palo Alto</a>, May 8, 1846</figcaption></figure> <p>When Polk's attempts to negotiate with Mexico failed, Taylor's men advanced to the Rio Grande in March 1846, and war appeared imminent. Violence broke out several weeks later, when Mexican forces attacked some of Captain Seth B. Thornton's men north of the river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985123–129,_145–149_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985123–129,_145–149-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941170–177_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941170–177-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Learning of the <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Affair" title="Thornton Affair">Thornton Affair</a>, Polk told Congress in May that a war between Mexico and the U.S. had begun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985166_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985166-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941195_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941195-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That same month, Taylor commanded American forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palo_Alto" title="Battle of Palo Alto">Battle of Palo Alto</a> and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca_de_la_Palma" title="Battle of Resaca de la Palma">Battle of Resaca de la Palma</a>. Though greatly outnumbered, he defeated the Mexican "<a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_North_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Army of the North (disambiguation)">Army of the North</a>" commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Arista" title="Mariano Arista">Mariano Arista</a>, and forced the troops back across the Rio Grande.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985152–162_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985152–162-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941181–190_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941181–190-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor was later praised for his humane treatment of the wounded Mexican soldiers before the prisoner exchange with Arista, giving them the same care as was given to American wounded. After tending to the wounded, he performed the last rites for the dead of both the American and Mexican soldiers killed during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These victories made him a popular hero, and in May 1846 Taylor received a brevet promotion to major general and a formal commendation from Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFry2009186–187_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2009186–187-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, he was promoted to the full rank of major general.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFry2009188_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2009188-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national press compared him to <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and Andrew Jackson, both generals who had ascended to the presidency, but Taylor denied any interest in running for office. "Such an idea never entered my head," he remarked in a letter, "nor is it likely to enter the head of any sane person."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941198–199_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941198–199-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After crossing the Rio Grande, in September Taylor inflicted heavy casualties upon the Mexicans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monterrey" title="Battle of Monterrey">Battle of Monterrey</a>, and captured that city in three days, despite its impregnable repute. Taylor was criticized for signing a "liberal" truce rather than pressing for a large-scale surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985166–185_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985166–185-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941207–216_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941207–216-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polk had hoped that the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a> would induce the Mexicans to sell <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">New Mexico</a>, but the Mexicans remained unwilling to part with so much territory. Polk sent an army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Veracruz" title="Siege of Veracruz">besiege Veracruz</a>, an important Mexican port city, while Taylor was ordered to remain near Monterrey. Many of Taylor's experienced soldiers were placed under Scott's command, leaving Taylor with a smaller and less effective force. Mexican General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a> intercepted a letter from Scott about Taylor's smaller force, and he moved north, intent on destroying Taylor's force before confronting Scott's army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200862–66_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200862–66-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Learning of Santa Anna's approach, and refusing to retreat despite the Mexican army's greater numbers, Taylor established a strong defensive position near the town of <a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200866–68_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200866–68-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Santa Anna attacked Taylor with 20,000 men at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buena_Vista" title="Battle of Buena Vista">Battle of Buena Vista</a> in February 1847, leaving around 700 Americans dead or wounded at a cost of over 1,500 Mexican casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outmatched, the Mexican forces retreated, ensuring a "far-reaching" victory for the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985186-207-2_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985186-207-2-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941217–242_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941217–242-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recognition of his victory at Buena Vista, on July 4, 1847, Taylor was elected an honorary member of the New York <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a>, the Virginia branch of which included his father as a charter member. Taylor also was made a member of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Club_of_1847" title="Aztec Club of 1847">Aztec Club of 1847</a>, Military Society of the Mexican War.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received three <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medals</a> for his service in the Mexican-American War and remains the only person to have received the medal three times.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg/220px-ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg/330px-ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/ZacharyTaylorMonmouthBalize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Steam Ship <i>Monmouth</i> returns U.S. General Zachary Taylor from victories in the war with Mexico at <a href="/wiki/La_Balize,_Louisiana" title="La Balize, Louisiana">Balize, Louisiana</a>, November 1847</figcaption></figure> <p>Taylor remained at Monterrey until late November 1847, when he set sail for home. While he spent the following year in command of the Army's entire western division, his active military career was effectively over. In December he received a hero's welcome in New Orleans and Baton Rouge, setting the stage for the 1848 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941248–255_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941248–255-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> served under Taylor in this war and said of his style of leadership: "A better army, man for man, probably never faced an enemy than the one commanded by General Taylor in the earliest two engagements of the Mexican War."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith201183_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith201183-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>General Taylor was not an officer to trouble the administration much with his demands but was inclined to do the best he could with the means given to him. He felt his responsibility as going no further. If he had thought that he was sent to perform an impossibility with the means given him, he would probably have informed the authorities of his opinion and left them to determine what should be done. If the judgment was against him he would have gone on and done the best he could with the means at hand without parading his grievance before the public. No soldier could face either danger or responsibility more calmly than he. These are qualities more rarely found than genius or physical courage. General Taylor never made any great show or parade, either of uniform or retinue. In dress he was possibly too plain, rarely wearing anything in the field to indicate his rank, or even that he was an officer; but he was known to every soldier in his army, and was respected by all.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Component</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">1st Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></td> <td>May 3, 1808 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>November 30, 1810 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>September 5, 1812 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>May 15, 1814 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png/75px-Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png/113px-Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png/150px-Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>April 20, 1819 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/75px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/113px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/150px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>April 4, 1832 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier-General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>December 25, 1837 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>May 28, 1846 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>June 29, 1846 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note - Major General Taylor resigned his commission in the U.S. Army on January 31, 1849, shortly before he became president.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_of_1848">Election of 1848</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TaylorFillmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/TaylorFillmore.jpg/250px-TaylorFillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/TaylorFillmore.jpg/375px-TaylorFillmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/TaylorFillmore.jpg/500px-TaylorFillmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Taylor/Fillmore 1848 campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <p>In his capacity as a career officer, Taylor had never publicly revealed his political beliefs before 1848 nor voted before that time.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Apolitical" class="mw-redirect" title="Apolitical">apolitical</a> and had a negative opinion of most politicians. He thought of himself as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(voter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (voter)">independent</a>, believing in a strong and sound banking system for the country, and thought that President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> should not have allowed the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a> to collapse in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed it was impractical to expand slavery into the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>, as neither cotton nor sugar (both produced in great quantities as a result of slavery) could be easily grown there through a <a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">plantation economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a firm <a href="/wiki/American_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="American nationalist">American nationalist</a>, and due to his experience of seeing many people die as a result of warfare, believed that <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> was a bad way to resolve national problems.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Well before the American victory at Buena Vista, political clubs formed that supported Taylor for president. His support was drawn from an unusually broad assortment of political bands, including <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> and Democrats, Northerners and Southerners, allies and opponents of national leaders such as Polk and Henry Clay. By late 1846, Taylor's opposition to a presidential run had weakened, and it became clear that his principles resembled Whig orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton195138–44_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton195138–44-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor despised both Polk and his policies, while the Whigs were considering nominating another war hero for the presidency after the success of its previous winning nominee, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen201952_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen201952-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As support for Taylor's candidacy grew, he continued to keep his distance from both parties, but made clear that he would have voted for Whig <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> in 1844 had he voted. In a widely publicized September 1847 letter, Taylor stated his positions on several issues. He did not favor chartering another national bank, favored a low <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a>, and believed that the president should play no role in making laws. Taylor did believe that the president could veto laws, but only when they were clearly unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198840–42_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198840–42-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many southerners believed that Taylor supported slavery and its expansion into the new territory absorbed from Mexico, and some were angered when Taylor suggested that if elected president he would not veto the <a href="/wiki/Wilmot_Proviso" title="Wilmot Proviso">Wilmot Proviso</a>, which proposed against such an expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position did not enhance his support from activist antislavery elements in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern United States</a>, as they wanted Taylor to speak out strongly in support of the Proviso, not simply fail to veto it.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> did not support Taylor, since he was a slave-owner.<sup id="cite_ref-MCCAE_93-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCCAE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1848.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ElectoralCollege1848.svg/250px-ElectoralCollege1848.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ElectoralCollege1848.svg/375px-ElectoralCollege1848.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ElectoralCollege1848.svg/500px-ElectoralCollege1848.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>1848 electoral vote results</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 1848, Taylor again announced that he would not accept either party's presidential nomination. His reluctance to identify himself as a Whig nearly cost him the party's presidential nomination, but Senator <a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> of Kentucky and other supporters finally convinced Taylor to declare himself a Whig.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198840–42_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198840–42-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Clay retained a strong following among the Whigs, Whig leaders like <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> were eager to support a war hero who could replicate the success of the party's only other successful presidential candidate, William Henry Harrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198820–21_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198820–21-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 Whig National Convention</a>, Taylor defeated Clay and Winfield Scott for the presidential nomination. For its vice-presidential nominee the convention chose <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> Whig who had chaired the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> and been a contender for the vice-presidential nominee in the <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844 election</a>. Fillmore's selection was largely an attempt at reconciliation with northern Whigs, who were furious at the nomination of a slave-owning southerner; no faction of the party was satisfied with the final ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985236–238_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985236–238-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton195194–97_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton195194–97-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially unclear whether Taylor would accept the nomination because he did not respond to the letters notifying him of the convention's outcome, because he had instructed his local post office not to deliver his mail to avoid postage fees.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-55_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-55-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor continued to minimize his role in the campaign, preferring not to directly meet with voters or correspond about his political views. He did little active campaigning, and may not have voted.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-55_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-55-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His campaign was skillfully directed by Crittenden and bolstered by a late endorsement from Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> of Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985239–244_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985239–244-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Democrats were even less unified than the Whigs, as former Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> broke from the party and led the anti-slavery <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a>'s ticket. Van Buren won the support of many Democrats and Whigs who opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, but he took more votes from Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> in the crucial state of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198821–23_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198821–23-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nationally, Taylor defeated Cass and Van Buren, taking 163 of the 290 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a>. In the popular vote, he took 47.3%, to Cass's 42.5% and Van Buren's 10.1%. </p><p>Taylor ignored the Whig platform, as historian Michael F. Holt explains: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Taylor was equally indifferent to programs Whigs had long considered vital. Publicly, he was artfully ambiguous, refusing to answer questions about his views on banking, the tariff, and internal improvements. Privately, he was more forthright. The idea of a national bank "is dead, and will not be revived in my time." In the future the tariff "will be increased only for revenue"; in other words, Whig hopes of restoring the protective <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1842" title="Tariff of 1842">tariff of 1842</a> were vain. There would never again be surplus federal funds from public land sales to distribute to the states, and internal improvements "will go on in spite of presidential vetoes." In a few words, that is, Taylor pronounced an epitaph for the entire Whig economic program.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(1849–1850)"><span id="Presidency_.281849.E2.80.931850.29"></span>Presidency (1849–1850)<span class="anchor" id="Presidency"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Taylor administration" redirects here. For the Liberian government led by President Charles G. Taylor, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Taylor#Presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Taylor">Charles G. Taylor § Presidency</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:2px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; ;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor"><img alt="Zachary Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg/220px-Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg/330px-Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg/440px-Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush%2C_c1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal; padding-top:2px;">Taylor by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Bush" title="Joseph Henry Bush">Joseph Henry Bush</a>, <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1848</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><span style="font-size:120%">Presidency of Zachary Taylor</span></b></span><br />March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 8px;" /> <div class="center"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:6px 0 2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_presidential_seal_1850.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_presidential_seal_1850.png/100px-US_presidential_seal_1850.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_presidential_seal_1850.png/150px-US_presidential_seal_1850.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_presidential_seal_1850.png/200px-US_presidential_seal_1850.png 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div><br /><div style="line-height:normal; min-height:1px; padding-bottom:2px;">Seal of the president<br />(1850–1894)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition">Transition</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;">This article or section is part of a series about<br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_transition" title="United States presidential transition">United States<br />presidential transitions</a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Transitions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidential transition of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidential transition of Warren G. Harding">Harding</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidential transition of Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a> (1928–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> (1932–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> (1952–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1960–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> (1968–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1976–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump</a> <span class="nowrap">(2016–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump</a> <span class="nowrap">(2024–2025)</span></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Planned transitions</div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">Dukakis</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">Dole</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">Gore</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">Kerry</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">McCain</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign#Romney_Readiness_Project" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">Romney</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">H. Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign#Transition_planning" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Harris</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">President-elect of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President-elect of the United States">Vice President-elect of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_Term_Web_Archive" title="End of Term Web Archive">End of Term Web Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_regulations" title="Midnight regulations">Midnight regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Book" title="Plum Book">Plum Book</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_transitions_series" title="Template:United States presidential transitions series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_transitions_series" title="Template talk:United States presidential transitions series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_transitions_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential transitions series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As president-elect, Taylor kept his distance from Washington, not resigning his Western Division command until late January 1849. He spent the months following the election formulating his cabinet selections. He was deliberate and quiet about his decisions, to the frustration of his fellow Whigs. While he despised <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> and political games, he endured a flurry of advances from office-seekers looking to play a role in his administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985248–251_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985248–251-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While he would appoint no Democrats, Taylor wanted his cabinet to reflect the nation's diverse interests, and so apportioned the seats geographically. He also avoided choosing prominent Whigs, sidestepping such obvious selections as Clay. He saw Crittenden as a cornerstone of his administration, offering him the crucial seat of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, but Crittenden insisted on serving out the governorship of Kentucky to which he had just been elected. Taylor settled on Senator <a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> of Delaware, a close associate of Crittenden's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985248–251_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985248–251-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:auto;text-align:left;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:110%;background:#DCDCDC;text-align:center">The Taylor cabinet</th></tr><tr><th>Office</th><th>Name</th><th>Term</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#000"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold">Zachary Taylor</th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Jacob Collamer</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a></th><td>1849–1850</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With Clayton's aid, Taylor chose the six remaining members of his cabinet. One of the incoming Congress's first actions would be to establish the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>, so Taylor would be appointing that department's inaugural secretary. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a>, who had previously served as a senator from Ohio and as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> under William Henry Harrison, accepted the patronage-rich position of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a>. For the position of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a>, also a center of patronage, Taylor chose Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Jacob Collamer</a> of Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200890–94,_128_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200890–94,_128-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Horace_Binney" title="Horace Binney">Horace Binney</a> refused appointment as Secretary of the Treasury, Taylor chose another prominent Philadelphian, <a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a>, a former governor of Georgia, accepted the position of <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a>, while Congressman <a href="/wiki/William_B._Preston" title="William B. Preston">William B. Preston</a> of Virginia became <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a>. Senator <a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> of Maryland accepted appointment as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, and became one of the most influential members of Taylor's cabinet. Fillmore was not in favor with Taylor, and was largely sidelined throughout Taylor's presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200890–94,_128_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200890–94,_128-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor began his trek to Washington in late January, a journey rife with bad weather, delays, injuries, sickness—and an <a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Jefferson_County,_Mississippi#Deception_of_President_Taylor" title="Ashland, Jefferson County, Mississippi">abduction</a> by a family friend. Taylor finally arrived in the nation's capital on February 24 and soon met with the outgoing President Polk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985251–253_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985251–253-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polk held a low opinion of Taylor, privately deeming him "without political information" and "wholly unqualified for the station" of president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985247–248_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985247–248-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor spent the next week meeting with political elites, some of whom were unimpressed with his appearance and demeanor. With less than two weeks until his inauguration, he met with Clayton and hastily finalized his cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985253–255,_260–262_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985253–255,_260–262-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Zachary_Taylor" title="Inauguration of Zachary Taylor">Inauguration of Zachary Taylor</a></div> <p>Taylor's term as president began on Sunday, March 4, but his inauguration was not held until the next day out of religious concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His inauguration speech discussed the many tasks facing the nation, but presented a governing style of deference to Congress and sectional compromise instead of assertive executive action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985256–258_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985256–258-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His speech also emphasized the importance of following President Washington's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Doctrine_of_Unstable_Alliances" title="Washington Doctrine of Unstable Alliances">precedent in avoiding entangling alliances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200894–95_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200894–95-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period after his inauguration, Taylor made time to meet with numerous office-seekers and other ordinary citizens who desired his attention. He also attended an unusual number of funerals, including services for Polk and <a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a>. According to Eisenhower, Taylor coined the phrase "<a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a>" in his eulogy for Madison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200896–97_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200896–97-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the summer of 1849, Taylor toured the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a> to familiarize himself with a region of which he had seen little. He spent much of the trip plagued by gastrointestinal illness and returned to Washington by September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985268–270_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985268–270-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectional_crisis">Sectional crisis</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg/180px-Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg/270px-Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg/360px-Zachary_Taylor_12th_US_President.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> of Taylor by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a>, 1849<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As Taylor took office, Congress faced a battery of questions related to the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a>, acquired by the U.S. after the Mexican War and divided into military districts. It was unclear which districts would be established into states and which would become federal territories, while the question of their slave status threatened to bitterly divide Congress. Southerners objected to the admission of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">California Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> to the Union as <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">free states</a> despite California's demographic and economic growth. Additionally, Southerners had grown increasingly angry about the aid that Northerners had given to <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave">fugitive slaves</a> after <i><a href="/wiki/Prigg_v._Pennsylvania" title="Prigg v. Pennsylvania">Prigg v. Pennsylvania</a></i> allowed <a href="/wiki/Slave_catcher" title="Slave catcher">slave catchers</a> to capture alleged <a href="/wiki/Runaway_slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Runaway slave">runaway slaves</a> in free states, and that Northern authorities frequently refused to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1793">Fugitive Slave Act of 1793</a>. At the same time, northerners demanded the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic slave trade">domestic slave trade</a> in Washington, D.C. Finally, Texas claimed parts of eastern New Mexico and threatened to send its <a href="/wiki/Texas_Militia" title="Texas Militia">state militia</a> to militarily enforce its territorial claims.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008101–102_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008101–102-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While a Southern slaveowner himself, Taylor believed that slavery was economically infeasible in the Mexican Cession, and so opposed slavery in those territories as a needless source of controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008101–102_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008101–102-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His major goal was sectional peace, preserving the Union through legislative compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985289–290_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985289–290-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the threat of Southern secession grew, he sided increasingly with antislavery Northerners such as Senator <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> of New York, even suggesting that he would sign the <a href="/wiki/Wilmot_Proviso" title="Wilmot Proviso">Wilmot Proviso</a> to ban slavery in federal territories should such a bill reach his desk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985295–298_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985295–298-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Taylor's view, the best way forward was to admit California as a state rather than a federal territory, as it would leave the slavery question out of Congress's hands. The timing for statehood was in Taylor's favor, as the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> was well underway at the time of his inauguration, and California's population was exploding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985290–291_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985290–291-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration dispatched Representative <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Butler_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Butler King">Thomas Butler King</a> to California, to test the waters and advocate statehood, knowing that Californians were certain to adopt an anti-slavery constitution. King found that a <a href="/wiki/California_Constitutional_Conventions" title="California Constitutional Conventions">constitutional convention</a> was already underway, and by October 1849, the convention unanimously agreed to join the Union—and to ban slavery within their borders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985291–292_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985291–292-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_1849-1850.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/United_States_1849-1850.png/300px-United_States_1849-1850.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/United_States_1849-1850.png/450px-United_States_1849-1850.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/United_States_1849-1850.png/600px-United_States_1849-1850.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>United States states (Texas border unsettled, California admitted in 1850) and territories during Taylor's presidency</figcaption></figure> <p>The question of the New Mexico–Texas border was unsettled at the time of Taylor's inauguration. The territory newly won from Mexico was under federal jurisdiction, but the Texans claimed a swath of land north of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and were determined to include it within their borders, despite having no significant presence there. Taylor sided with the New Mexicans' claim, initially pushing to keep it as a federal territory, but eventually supported statehood so as to further reduce the slavery debate in Congress. The Texas government, under newly instated governor <a href="/wiki/P._Hansborough_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="P. Hansborough Bell">P. Hansborough Bell</a>, tried to ramp up military action in defense of the territory against the federal government, but was unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985292–294_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985292–294-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saint">Latter Day Saint</a> (Mormon) settlers of modern-day Utah had established a provisional <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a>, an enormous swath of territory that had little hope of recognition by Congress. The Taylor administration considered combining the California and Utah territories but instead opted to organize the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>. To alleviate the Mormon concerns over religious freedom, Taylor promised they would have relative independence from Congress despite being a federal territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985294_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985294-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor sent his only <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union address">State of the Union report</a> to Congress in December 1849. He recapped international events and suggested several adjustments to tariff policy and executive organization, but the sectional crisis facing Congress overshadowed such issues. He reported on California's and New Mexico's applications for statehood, and recommended that Congress approve them as written and "should abstain from the introduction of those exciting topics of a sectional character".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985298–299_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985298–299-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policy report was prosaic and unemotional, but ended with a sharp condemnation of secessionists. It had no effect on Southern legislators, who saw the admission of two free states as an existential threat, and Congress remained stalled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985299–300_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985299–300-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_U.S._foreign_policy,_1829%E2%80%931861" title="History of U.S. foreign policy, 1829–1861">History of U.S. foreign policy, 1829–1861</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg/330px-President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg/495px-President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg/660px-President_Taylor_and_his_cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>President Zachary Taylor standing in front of his Cabinet, seated from left: <a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a>, Attorney General; <a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a>, Secretary of the Treasury; <a href="/wiki/William_B._Preston" title="William B. Preston">William B. Preston</a>, Secretary of the Navy; <a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a>, Secretary of War; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Jacob Collamer</a>, Postmaster General; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a>, Secretary of the Interior; and <a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a>, Secretary of State. <a href="/wiki/Lithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithograph">Lithograph</a> by Francis D'Avignon, published by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a>, 1849.</figcaption></figure> <p>Taylor and his Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a>, both lacked diplomatic experience and came into office at a relatively uneventful time in American–international politics. Their shared nationalism allowed Taylor to devolve foreign policy matters to Clayton with minimal oversight, although no decisive foreign policy was established under their administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985273–274,_288_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985273–274,_288-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As opponents of the autocratic European order, they vocally supported <a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%931849" title="German revolutions of 1848–1849">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian liberals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">revolutions of 1848</a>, although they offered nothing in the way of aid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985274–275_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985274–275-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A perceived insult from the French minister <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Tell_Poussin" title="Guillaume Tell Poussin">Guillaume Tell Poussin</a> nearly led to a break in diplomatic relations until Poussin was replaced, and a <a href="/wiki/Reparation_(legal)" title="Reparation (legal)">reparation</a> dispute with Portugal resulted in harsh words from the Taylor administration. In a more positive effort, the administration arranged for two ships to assist in the United Kingdom's search for a team of British explorers, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">John Franklin</a>, who had gotten lost in the Arctic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985275–278_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985275–278-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While previous Whig administrations had emphasized Pacific trade as an economic imperative, the Taylor administration took no major initiative in the Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985287–288_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985287–288-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout 1849 and 1850, they contended with <a href="/wiki/Narciso_L%C3%B3pez" title="Narciso López">Narciso López</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> radical who led repeated <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_(military)" title="Filibuster (military)">filibustering expeditions</a> in an attempt to conquer the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>. The annexation of Cuba was the object of fascination among many in the South, who saw in Cuba a potential new slave state, and López had several prominent Southern supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008113–114_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008113–114-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> López made generous offers to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> leaders to support him, but Taylor and Clayton saw the enterprise as illegal. They issued a blockade, and later, authorized a mass arrest of López and his fellows, although the group would eventually be acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985278–280_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985278–280-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also confronted Spain, which had arrested several Americans on the charge of piracy, but the Spaniards eventually surrendered them to maintain good relations with the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985280–281_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985280–281-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arguably the Taylor administration's definitive accomplishment in foreign policy was the <a href="/wiki/Clayton%E2%80%93Bulwer_Treaty" title="Clayton–Bulwer Treaty">Clayton–Bulwer Treaty</a> of 1850, regarding a proposed inter-oceanic canal through <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>. While the U.S. and Britain were on friendly terms, and the construction of such a canal was decades away from reality, the mere possibility put the two nations in an uneasy position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several years, Britain had been seizing strategic points, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> on the eastern coast of present-day <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>. Negotiations were held with Britain that resulted in the landmark Clayton–Bulwer Treaty. Both nations agreed not to claim control of any canal that might be built in Nicaragua. The treaty promoted the development of an Anglo-American alliance; its completion was Taylor's last action as president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281–287_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281–287-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compromise_attempts_and_final_days">Compromise attempts and final days</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg/170px-Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg/255px-Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg/340px-Zachary_Taylor_at_the_White_House_daguerreotype_by_Mathew_Brady_1849_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="2714" /></a><figcaption>Daguerrotype of Taylor by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Brady" title="Matthew Brady">Matthew Brady</a>, c. 1849</figcaption></figure> <p>Clay took a central role as Congress debated slavery. While his positions overlapped somewhat with Taylor's, the president always maintained his distance from Clay. Historians disagree on his motivations for doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301,_307–308_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301,_307–308-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caused Taylor to become politically isolated as Southerners disapproved of his preference to appoint the territories of the Mexican Cession as free states while Northerners disapproved of his opposition to Clay's legislative agenda. As a result, Congress increasingly ignored Taylor while drafting a compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen201969_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen201969-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With assistance from Daniel Webster, Clay developed his landmark proposal, the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>. The proposal allowed statehood for California, giving it independence on the slavery question, while the other territories would remain under federal jurisdiction. This included the disputed parts of New Mexico, although Texas would be reimbursed for the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slavery would be retained in the District of Columbia, but the slave trade would be banned. Meanwhile, a strict <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive Slave Law">Fugitive Slave Law</a> would be enacted, bypassing northern legislation which had restricted Southerners from retrieving runaway slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tensions flared as Congress negotiated and secession talks grew, culminating with a threat from Taylor to send troops into New Mexico to protect its border from Texas, with himself leading the army. The crisis escalated after delegates in New Mexico proposed a new state constitution that would have banned slavery and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hansborough_Bell" title="Peter Hansborough Bell">Peter Hansborough Bell</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1849_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1849 Texas gubernatorial election">1849 Texas gubernatorial election</a> on a pledge to order a militia invasion of New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-68_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-68-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southern senators accused Taylor of secretly sending the U.S. Army to New Mexico; Taylor denied the allegations but emphasized that he would like to. He also said that anyone "taken in rebellion against the Union, he would hang ... with less reluctance than he had hanged deserters and spies in Mexico."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The omnibus law was a major step forward on these issues but ultimately could not pass, due to <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radicals</a> on both sides and Taylor's opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301–312_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301–312-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point, Taylor began to receive disapproval from even his own political allies. Secretary of War Crawford warned Taylor he would not approve a military deployment to New Mexico, although Taylor said he would give the order himself. Taylor's close advisors <a href="/wiki/Robert_Toombs" title="Robert Toombs">Robert Toombs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stephens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stephens">Alexander Stephens</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Southern_Whig_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Whig Party (United States)">Southern Whigs</a> who later served as officials in the Confederate government, warned him that his rhetoric on New Mexico would drive Southerners out of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen-2019-68_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-2019-68-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No great compromise reached Taylor's desk during his presidency; instead, his last days were overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/Galphin_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Galphin affair">Galphin affair</a>. Before joining the Taylor cabinet, Crawford had served as a lawyer. He had been involved in a 15-year case, representing the descendants of a colonial trader whose services to the British crown had not been repaid at the time of the American Revolution. The British debt to George Galphin was to be assumed by the federal government, but Galphin's heirs received payment on the debt's principal only after years of litigation, and were unable to win an interest payment from the Polk administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treasury Secretary Meredith, with the support of Attorney General Johnson, finally signed off on the payment in April 1850. To Taylor's embarrassment, the payment included a legal compensation of nearly $100,000 to Crawford; two cabinet members had effectively offered a tremendous chunk of the public treasury to another. A House investigation cleared Crawford of any legal wrongdoing, but nonetheless expressed disapproval of his accepting the payment. Taylor, who had already been sketching a reorganization of his cabinet, now had an unfolding scandal to complicate the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House of Representatives voted to censure Taylor, and newspapers of both parties began calling for his impeachment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-71_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-2006-71-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_appointments">Judicial appointments</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Zachary_Taylor" title="List of federal judges appointed by Zachary Taylor">List of federal judges appointed by Zachary Taylor</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Judicial appointments<sup id="cite_ref-FedJudges_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FedJudges-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Court</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W.D._La." class="mw-redirect" title="W.D. La.">W.D. La.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyce" title="Henry Boyce">Henry Boyce</a> </td> <td><abbr title="May 9, 1849 – February 19, 1861">1849–1861</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of Illinois">D. Ill.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Drummond_(judge)" title="Thomas Drummond (judge)">Thomas Drummond</a> </td> <td><abbr title="February 19, 1850 – February 13, 1855">1850–1855</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N.D._Ala." class="mw-redirect" title="N.D. Ala.">N.D. Ala.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M.D._Ala." class="mw-redirect" title="M.D. Ala.">M.D. Ala.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/S.D._Ala." class="mw-redirect" title="S.D. Ala.">S.D. Ala.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gayle_(Alabama_politician)" title="John Gayle (Alabama politician)">John Gayle</a> </td> <td><abbr title="March 13, 1849 – July 21, 1859">1849–1859</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of Arkansas">D. Ark.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ringo" title="Daniel Ringo">Daniel Ringo</a> </td> <td><abbr title="November 5, 1849 – March 3, 1851">1849–1851</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor,_12th_President_of_the_United_States_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Death_of_Genl._Z._Taylor%2C_12th_President_of_the_United_States_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>An 1850 print depicting the death of Zachary Taylor</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 4, 1850, Taylor reportedly consumed copious amounts of cherries and iced milk while attending holiday celebrations during a fund-raising event at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>, which was then under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of several days, he became severely ill with an unknown digestive ailment initially resembling acute <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a>. The illness initially seemed mild, and on the first day Taylor felt well enough to continue working. His condition worsened thereafter. His Army physician Alexander S. Wotherspoon "diagnosed the illness as <a href="/wiki/Cholera_morbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholera morbus">cholera morbus</a>, a flexible mid-nineteenth-century term for intestinal ailments as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> but not related to Asiatic <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>", the latter a <a href="/wiki/1846%E2%80%931860_cholera_pandemic" title="1846–1860 cholera pandemic">widespread epidemic</a> prevalent in Washington, D.C., at the time of Taylor's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-71_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-2006-71-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314–316_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314–316-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity and source of Taylor's illness are the subject of historical speculation (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#Assassination_theories">below</a></span>), although it is known that several of his cabinet members had come down with a similar illness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008133_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008133-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fever ensued and Taylor's chance of recovery was small. On July 8, Taylor remarked to a medical attendant: </p> <blockquote><p>I should not be surprised if this were to terminate in my death. I did not expect to encounter what has beset me since my elevation to the Presidency. God knows I have endeavored to fulfill what I conceived to be an honest duty. But I have been mistaken. My motives have been misconstrued, and my feelings most grossly outraged.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Taylor died at 10:35 p.m. on July 9, 1850. He was 65 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985316_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985316-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, Vice President Fillmore assumed the presidency and completed Taylor's term, which ended on March 4, 1853. Soon after taking office, Fillmore signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, with the aim of settling many of the issues the Taylor administration faced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008139–140_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008139–140-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Joint Special Committee was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Common Council of the city of New York</a> to make the arrangements for Taylor's funeral, which took place in New York City on July 23, 1850. A procession moved from the Park and proceeded down Broadway, to Chatham Street to the <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a>; down to <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a>; and then in front of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">City Hall</a>. The procession included the firing of three volleys by the 7th National Guard Regiment. There were 30 pallbearers, which was the number of states in the Union at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor was buried in an airtight <a href="/wiki/Fisk_metallic_burial_case" title="Fisk metallic burial case">Fisk metallic burial case</a> with a glass window plate for viewing the deceased's face.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Public_Vault_at_the_Congressional_Cemetery" title="Public Vault at the Congressional Cemetery">Public Vault</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cemetery" title="Congressional Cemetery">Congressional Cemetery</a> in Washington, D.C., from July 13 to October 25, 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was transported to the Taylor family plot, where his parents were buried, on the old Taylor homestead plantation known as "Springfield" in Louisville, Kentucky.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_theories">Assassination theories</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAYLOR,_Zachary-President_(BEP_engraved_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/180px-TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/270px-TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/360px-TAYLOR%2C_Zachary-President_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6110" data-file-height="8434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">B.E.P.</a> engraved portrait</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost immediately after his death, rumors began to circulate that Taylor had been poisoned by pro-slavery Southerners or <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>, and similar theories persisted into the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few weeks after Taylor's death, President Fillmore received a letter alleging that Taylor had been poisoned by a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> lay official.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-74_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-2006-74-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, Hamilton Smith based his assassination theory on the timing of drugs, the lack of confirmed cholera outbreaks, and other material.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theories that Taylor had been murdered grew after the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">assassination of Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1865. In 1881, <a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">John Bingham</a>, well known for serving as the Judge Advocate General at the Lincoln assassination trial, wrote an editorial in <i>The New York Times</i> alleging that <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> had poisoned Taylor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-74_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-2006-74-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1980s, Clara Rising, a former professor at the University of Florida, persuaded Taylor's closest living relative to agree to an exhumation so that his remains could be tested.<sup id="cite_ref-orlando_july2593_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orlando_july2593-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains were exhumed and transported to the Office of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> Chief Medical Examiner on June 17, 1991. Samples of hair, fingernail, and other tissues were removed, and radiological studies were conducted. The remains were returned to the cemetery and reinterred, with appropriate honors, in the mausoleum.<sup id="cite_ref-Marriott_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marriott-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Neutron_activation_analysis" title="Neutron activation analysis">Neutron activation analysis</a> conducted at <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> revealed no evidence of poisoning, as <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> levels were too low.<sup id="cite_ref-Marriott_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marriott-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ORNL_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORNL-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The analysis concluded Taylor had contracted "cholera morbus, or acute gastroenteritis", as Washington had open sewers, and his food or drink may have been contaminated. Any potential for recovery was overwhelmed by his doctors, who treated him with "<a href="/wiki/Ipecac" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipecac">ipecac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride" title="Mercury(I) chloride">calomel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">quinine</a>" at 40 grains per dose (approximately 2.6 grams), and "bled and blistered him too."<sup id="cite_ref-Sampas_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampas-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2010 review concludes: "there is no definitive proof that Taylor was assassinated, nor would it appear that there is definitive proof that he was not."<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_reputation_and_memorials">Historical reputation and memorials</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG/220px-Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG/330px-Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG/440px-Zachary_Taylor_Grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Taylor's mausoleum at the <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_National_Cemetery" title="Zachary Taylor National Cemetery">Zachary Taylor National Cemetery</a> in Louisville, Kentucky</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of his short tenure, Taylor is not considered to have strongly influenced the office of the presidency or the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-MCIL_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCIL-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians believe that he was too inexperienced with politics at a time when officials needed close ties with political operatives.<sup id="cite_ref-MCIL_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCIL-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his shortcomings, the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty affecting relations with Great Britain in Central America is "recognized as an important step in scaling down the nation's commitment to <a href="/wiki/Manifest_Destiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifest Destiny">Manifest Destiny</a> as a policy."<sup id="cite_ref-MCIL_166-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCIL-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">Historical rankings of presidents of the United States</a> have generally placed Taylor in the bottom quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-Tolson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor was the last president to <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">own slaves</a> while in office. He was the third of four Whig presidents,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last being Fillmore, his successor. Taylor was also the second president to die in office, preceded by <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, who died while serving as president nine years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Kentucky">Commonwealth of Kentucky</a> placed a 50-foot monument topped by a life-sized statue of Taylor near his grave. By the 1920s, the Taylor family initiated the effort to turn the Taylor burial grounds into a national cemetery. The Commonwealth of Kentucky donated two adjacent parcels of land for the project, turning the half-acre Taylor family cemetery into 16 acres (65,000 m<sup>2</sup>). On May 5, 1926, the remains of Taylor and his wife (who died in 1852) were moved to the newly constructed Taylor mausoleum, made of limestone with a granite base and marble interior, nearby. The cemetery property was designated as the <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_National_Cemetery" title="Zachary Taylor National Cemetery">Zachary Taylor National Cemetery</a> by <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_F._Davis" title="Dwight F. Davis">Dwight F. Davis</a> on March 12, 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">US Post Office</a> released <a href="/wiki/US_Presidents_on_US_postage_stamps" class="mw-redirect" title="US Presidents on US postage stamps">the first postage stamp issue</a> honoring Taylor on June 21, 1875, 25 years after his death. In 1938, Taylor again appeared on a US postage stamp, this time the 12-cent <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Issue" title="Presidential Issue">Presidential Issue of 1938</a>. His last appearance (to date, 2010) on a US postage stamp occurred in 1986, when he was honored on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Presidents_on_U.S._postage_stamps#AMERIPEX_issues_of_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Presidents on U.S. postage stamps">AMERIPEX presidential issue</a>. After Washington, Jefferson, Jackson and Lincoln, Taylor was the fifth American president to appear on US postage.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg/93px-Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg/140px-Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg/186px-Zachary_Taylor_1875_Issue-5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Postage stamp, issue of 1875</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_$1_Coin_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg/111px-Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg/167px-Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg/222px-Zachary_Taylor_Presidential_%241_Coin_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="1093" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential dollar coin">Presidential dollar coin</a>, 2009</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Taylor is the namesake of several entities and places around the nation, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Taylor">Camp Taylor</a> in Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zachary_Taylor" title="Fort Zachary Taylor">Fort Zachary Taylor</a> in Florida<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/SS_Zachary_Taylor" title="SS Zachary Taylor">SS <i>Zachary Taylor</i></a>, a World War II <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a></li> <li>Zachary Taylor Parkway in Louisiana<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Zachary Taylor Hall at <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Louisiana_University" title="Southeastern Louisiana University">Southeastern Louisiana University</a><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Georgia" title="Taylor County, Georgia">Taylor County, Georgia</a><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Iowa" title="Taylor County, Iowa">Taylor County, Iowa</a><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Kentucky" title="Taylor County, Kentucky">Taylor County, Kentucky</a><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_and_Ready,_California" title="Rough and Ready, California">Rough and Ready, California</a>; the historical origin of the town is depicted in a 1965 episode of the <a href="/wiki/Television_syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Television syndication">syndicated</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Television series">television series</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_Days" title="Death Valley Days">Death Valley Days</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_522_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 522 in Virginia">Zachary Taylor Highway</a> in Virginia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor, Michigan</a><sup id="cite_ref-taylor_michigan_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_michigan-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Street" title="Taylor Street">Taylor Street</a>, Savannah, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Taylor was also the namesake of architect <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_Davis" title="Zachary Taylor Davis">Zachary Taylor Davis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">Historical rankings of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of presidents of the United States by previous experience">List of presidents of the United States by previous experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office" title="List of presidents of the United States who died in office">List of presidents of the United States who died in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_owned_slaves" title="List of presidents of the United States who owned slaves">List of presidents of the United States who owned slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsolved_deaths" title="List of unsolved deaths">List of unsolved deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor's term of service was scheduled to begin at noon EST on March 4, 1849, but as this day fell on a Sunday, Taylor refused to be sworn in until the following day. Vice President Millard Fillmore was also not sworn in on that day. Most legal scholars agree that, according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a>, Taylor's term began on March 4, regardless of whether he had taken the oath.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Estimates of casualties vary widely.<sup id="cite_ref-eb-buenavista_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-buenavista-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> lists casualties of about 1,500 Mexican to 700 American.<sup id="cite_ref-eb-buenavista_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-buenavista-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamilton lists the "killed or wounded" as 673 Americans to "at least eighteen hundred" Mexicans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941241_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1941241-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bauer lists "594 killed, 1039 wounded, and 1,854 missing" on the Mexican side, with "272 killed, 387 wounded, and 6 missing" on the American side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985205–206_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985205–206-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Folklore holds that <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a>, as <i>president pro tempore</i> of the Senate, unknowingly succeeded to the presidency for this day, but no major sources accept this view.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a>; formally nominated on December 21, 1849, confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on August 2, 1850, and received commission on August 2, 1850.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 21, 1849, confirmed by the United States Senate on June 10, 1850, and received commission on June 10, 1850.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Public Vault was built in 1835 to hold the remains of notables until either the grave site could be prepared, or transportation could be arranged to another city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This numbering includes <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a>, who served as vice president under the Whig <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> but was expelled from his party shortly after becoming president.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tolson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tolson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tolson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTolson2007" class="citation news cs1">Tolson, Jay (February 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/special-reports/the-worst-presidents/articles/2014/12/17/worst-presidents-zachary-taylor-1849-1850">"Worst Presidents: Zachary Taylor (1849–1850)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133353/https://www.usnews.com/news/special-reports/the-worst-presidents/articles/2014/12/17/worst-presidents-zachary-taylor-1849-1850">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Worst+Presidents%3A+Zachary+Taylor+%281849%E2%80%931850%29&rft.date=2007-02-16&rft.aulast=Tolson&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial-reports%2Fthe-worst-presidents%2Farticles%2F2014%2F12%2F17%2Fworst-presidents-zachary-taylor-1849-1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grant-taylor/">"Zachary Taylor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123103514/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grant-taylor/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Zachary+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fgrant-taylor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaNRHPnom-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaNRHPnom_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry1991" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Geoffrey (March 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100810185921/https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Orange/068-0124_HareForest_Final_Nomination.pdf">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Hare Forest Farm"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Orange/068-0124_HareForest_Final_Nomination.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%2FNomination%3A+Hare+Forest+Farm&rft.pub=Virginia+Department+of+Historic+Resources&rft.date=1991-03&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhr.virginia.gov%2Fregisters%2FCounties%2FOrange%2F068-0124_HareForest_Final_Nomination.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/virginias-presidential-estates-a-planning-guide/2015/05/14/9d9bbf80-f7ee-11e4-9ef4-1bb7ce3b3fb7_story.html">"A Guide to Virginia's Presidential Estates and Plantation"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919151550/https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/virginias-presidential-estates-a-planning-guide/2015/05/14/9d9bbf80-f7ee-11e4-9ef4-1bb7ce3b3fb7_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Virginia%27s+Presidential+Estates+and+Plantation&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgoingoutguide%2Fvirginias-presidential-estates-a-planning-guide%2F2015%2F05%2F14%2F9d9bbf80-f7ee-11e4-9ef4-1bb7ce3b3fb7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19851–2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19851–2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194121–24,_261–262-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194121–24,_261–262_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 21–24, 261–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194122,_259-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194122,_259_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 22, 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://famouskin.com/famous-kin-chart.php?name=4640+robert+e+lee&kin=7872+zachary+taylor&via=4758+richard+lee">"Family relationship of General Robert E. Lee and Zachary Taylor via Richard Lee"</a>. <i>famouskin.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628003513/https://famouskin.com/famous-kin-chart.php?name=4640+robert+e+lee&kin=7872+zachary+taylor&via=4758+richard+lee">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=famouskin.com&rft.atitle=Family+relationship+of+General+Robert+E.+Lee+and+Zachary+Taylor+via+Richard+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamouskin.com%2Ffamous-kin-chart.php%3Fname%3D4640%2Brobert%2Be%2Blee%26kin%3D7872%2Bzachary%2Btaylor%26via%3D4758%2Brichard%2Blee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-2019-51-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen-2019-51_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen-2019-51_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2019" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Jared (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039375326"><i>Accidental Presidents: Eight Men Who Changed America</i></a> (1 ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-0982-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-0982-9"><bdi>978-1-5011-0982-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1039375326">1039375326</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107053254/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039375326">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accidental+Presidents%3A+Eight+Men+Who+Changed+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=51&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1039375326&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-0982-9&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1039375326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19854-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19854_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19854_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowlan2016" class="citation book cs1">Nowlan, Robert A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0K-nCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79"><i>The American Presidents From Polk to Hayes</i></a>. Denver, Colorado: Outskirts Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4787-6572-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4787-6572-1"><bdi>978-1-4787-6572-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Presidents+From+Polk+to+Hayes&rft.place=Denver%2C+Colorado&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Outskirts+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4787-6572-1&rft.aulast=Nowlan&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0K-nCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1913" class="citation magazine cs1">Johnston, J. Stoddard (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5JFAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA75">"Sketch of Theodore O'Hara"</a>. <i>The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society</i>. Frankfort, Kentucky: State Journal Company. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Sketch+of+Theodore+O%27Hara&rft.pages=67&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J.+Stoddard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds5JFAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19852–4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 2–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194125–29_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 25–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer19858–9-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer19858–9_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller-facts-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller-facts_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/taylor">"Zachary Taylor: Facts at a Glance"</a>. <i>American President: A Reference Resource</i>. Miller Center (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>). September 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153817/http://millercenter.org/president/taylor">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+President%3A+A+Reference+Resource&rft.atitle=Zachary+Taylor%3A+Facts+at+a+Glance&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Ftaylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198548–49-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198548–49_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198569–70-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198569–70_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198538-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198538_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198538_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985243-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985243_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood2002" class="citation book cs1">Underwood, Larry (2002). <i>All the Presidents' Children</i>. Crete, Neb: Dageford Publishing Inc. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781886225855" title="Special:BookSources/9781886225855"><bdi>9781886225855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Presidents%27+Children&rft.place=Crete%2C+Neb&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Dageford+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781886225855&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008138–139-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008138–139_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 138–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWead2003" class="citation book cs1">Wead, Doug (2003). <i>All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families</i>. New York: Atria Books. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7434-4633-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7434-4633-X"><bdi>0-7434-4633-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Presidents%27+Children%3A+Triumph+and+Tragedy+in+the+Lives+of+America%27s+First+Families&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7434-4633-X&rft.aulast=Wead&rft.aufirst=Doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/people/zachary-taylor.htm">"Zachary Taylor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Zachary+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fpeople%2Fzachary-taylor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2018" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Kathryn (2018). <i>The American President: A Complete History</i>. Union Square & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+President%3A+A+Complete+History&rft.pub=Union+Square+%26+Company&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/zachary-taylor-papers/articles-and-essays/timeline/1784-to-1815/">"Timeline, 1784–1815"</a>. <i>Zachary Taylor Papers</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hanna+Newspapers&rft.atitle=Taylor%27s+Cypress+Grove+Plantation&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hannapub.com%2Fconcordiasentinel%2Fstanley-nelson-taylors-cypress-grove-plantation%2Farticle_e62bf2da-1d86-11e4-9b77-001a4bcf6878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198510-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198510_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137–38-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194137–38_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20087–8-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower20087–8_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200810–11-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200810–11_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198513–19-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198513–19_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 13–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194139–46-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194139–46_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 39–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–24-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–24_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 20–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–53-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–53_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 47–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200813–15-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200813–15_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 13–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–30-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198520–30_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 20–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–59-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194147–59_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 47–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200817–19-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower200817–19_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–41-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–41_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northamericanforts.com/East/laflor.html#brbarracks">"Louisiana Forts: Baton Rouge Barracks"</a>. <i>northamericanforts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015827/https://www.northamericanforts.com/East/laflor.html#brbarracks">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=northamericanforts.com&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Forts%3A+Baton+Rouge+Barracks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamericanforts.com%2FEast%2Flaflor.html%23brbarracks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198540–47_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 40–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194170–77_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 70–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198547–49-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198547–49_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194177–82-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton194177–82_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1941">Hamilton 1941</a>, pp. 77–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–65-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer198559–65_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 59–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton194183–99-55"><span 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</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985289–290-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985289–290_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 289–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985295–298-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985295–298_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 295–298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985290–291-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985290–291_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 290–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985291–292-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985291–292_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 291–292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985292–294-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985292–294_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 292–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985294-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985294_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985298–299-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985298–299_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 298–299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985299–300-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985299–300_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 299–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985273–274,_288-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985273–274,_288_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 273–274, 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985274–275-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985274–275_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 274–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985275–278-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985275–278_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 275–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985287–288-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985287–288_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 287–288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008113–114-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008113–114_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985278–280-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985278–280_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 278–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985280–281-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985280–281_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 280–281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281–287-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985281–287_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 281–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301,_307–308-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301,_307–308_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 301, 307–308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen201969-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen201969_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen2019">Cohen 2019</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-2019-68-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen-2019-68_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen-2019-68_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen2019">Cohen (2019)</a>, p. 68-69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/zachary-taylor/">"Zachary Taylor"</a>. <i>whitehouse.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171218011001/https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/zachary-taylor/">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Zachary+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout-the-white-house%2Fpresidents%2Fzachary-taylor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301–312-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985301–312_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 301–312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985312–313_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 312–313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy-2006-71-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-71_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy-2006-71_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedyBaileyCohen2006">Kennedy, Bailey & Cohen (2006)</a>, p. 71-72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FedJudges-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FedJudges_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/judges.html">"Biographical Directory of Federal Judges"</a>. <i>History of the Federal Judiciary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529004849/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/judges.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+the+Federal+Judiciary&rft.atitle=Biographical+Directory+of+Federal+Judges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fhome.nsf%2Fpage%2Fjudges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton_Smith1964" class="citation journal cs1">Hamilton Smith (October 1964). "The Interpretation of the Arsenic Content of Human Hair". <i>Journal of the Forensic Science Society</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 192–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0015-7368%2864%2970199-5">10.1016/s0015-7368(64)70199-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14342380">14342380</a>,</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Forensic+Science+Society&rft.atitle=The+Interpretation+of+the+Arsenic+Content+of+Human+Hair&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=192-199&rft.date=1964-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0015-7368%2864%2970199-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14342380&rft.au=Hamilton+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span> summarized in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSten_ForshufvudBen_Weider1978" class="citation book cs1">Sten Forshufvud; Ben Weider (1978). <i>Assassination at St. Helena</i>. Vancouver, Canada: Mitchell Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assassination+at+St.+Helena&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Mitchell+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Sten+Forshufvud&rft.au=Ben+Weider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2010" class="citation book cs1">Perry, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H4ig_dTZbzkC&pg=PA93"><i>Lee: A Life of Virtue</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>: Thomas Nelson. pp. 93–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-028-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-028-6"><bdi>978-1-59555-028-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/456177249">456177249</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130191501/https://books.google.com/books?id=H4ig_dTZbzkC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lee%3A+A+Life+of+Virtue&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pages=93-94&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F456177249&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-028-6&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH4ig_dTZbzkC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span> At <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314–316-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985314–316_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, pp. 314–316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008133-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008133_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X7dYAAAAMAAJ"><i>The American nation: its executive ... – Google Books</i></a>. Williams Publishing Co. 1888. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130190704/https://books.google.com/books?id=X7dYAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+nation%3A+its+executive+...+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Williams+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX7dYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer1985316-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer1985316_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer1985">Bauer 1985</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008139–140-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenhower2008139–140_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenhower2008">Eisenhower 2008</a>, pp. 139–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_YVZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22colonel+John+W.+Avery%22+New+York&pg=PA1204">"Report Of The Committee Of Arrangements Of The Common Council of the City of New York For The Funeral Obsequies In Memory Of Gen. Sachary Taylor"</a>. <i>The Seamen's Church Institute of New York</i>. <b>III</b>. McSpedon & Baker. 1851. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909180957/https://books.google.com/books?id=_YVZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22colonel+John+W.+Avery%22+New+York&pg=PA1204">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=selu.edu&rft.atitle=Zachary+Taylor+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.selu.edu%2Fadmin%2Fhousing%2Fhousing_options%2Fzachary_taylor_hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southeastern_Zachary_Taylor_other_residence_halls_library.JPG" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Southeastern Zachary Taylor other residence halls library.JPG">Wikimedia Commons photo of Zach Taylor Hall</a>, accessed April 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakow,_Kenneth_K.1975" class="citation book cs1">Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/t.pdf"><i>Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915430-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915430-00-0"><bdi>978-0-915430-00-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113060720/http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/t.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+Place-Names%3A+Their+History+and+Origins&rft.place=Macon%2C+GA&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Winship+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-915430-00-0&rft.au=Krakow%2C+Kenneth+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenkrakow.com%2Fgpn%2Ft.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070425174354/http://www.iowacounties.org/About%20Us/AboutCoGov/County%20Pages/Taylor.htm">"Taylor County"</a>. <i>iowacounties.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacounties.org/About%20Us/AboutCoGov/County%20Pages/Taylor.htm">the original</a> on April 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iowacounties.org&rft.atitle=Taylor+County&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowacounties.org%2FAbout%2520Us%2FAboutCoGov%2FCounty%2520Pages%2FTaylor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_luoxAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, Volume 1</i></a>. Kentucky State Historical Society. 1903. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_luoxAQAAMAAJ/page/n37">37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Register+of+the+Kentucky+State+Historical+Society%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Kentucky+State+Historical+Society&rft.date=1903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_luoxAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudde1998" class="citation book cs1">Gudde, Erwin G. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/californiaplacen00gudd/page/322"><i>California place names : the origin and etymology of current geographical names</i></a></span> (4th ed., rev. and enl. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/californiaplacen00gudd/page/322">322</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21316-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21316-6"><bdi>978-0-520-21316-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+place+names+%3A+the+origin+and+etymology+of+current+geographical+names&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=322&rft.edition=4th+ed.%2C+rev.+and+enl.&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21316-6&rft.aulast=Gudde&rft.aufirst=Erwin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaliforniaplacen00gudd%2Fpage%2F322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_michigan-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_michigan_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomig1986" class="citation book cs1">Romig, Walter (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000596419"><i>Michigan place names : the history of the founding and the naming of more than five thousand past and present Michigan communities</i></a>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1838-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1838-6"><bdi>978-0-8143-1838-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213092846/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000596419">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+place+names+%3A+the+history+of+the+founding+and+the+naming+of+more+than+five+thousand+past+and+present+Michigan+communities&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-1838-6&rft.aulast=Romig&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000596419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1997" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, H. Ronald (1997). <i>Savannah People, Places & Events: A Historic Tour Guide</i>. H. R. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780966152104" title="Special:BookSources/9780966152104"><bdi>9780966152104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Savannah+People%2C+Places+%26+Events%3A+A+Historic+Tour+Guide&rft.pub=H.+R.+Freeman&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780966152104&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=H.+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_biographies">General biographies</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer1985" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, K. Jack (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12052294"><i>Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest</i></a>. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1237-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1237-3"><bdi>978-0-8071-1237-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12052294">12052294</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814020834/http://worldcat.org/oclc/12052294">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor%3A+Soldier%2C+Planter%2C+Statesman+of+the+Old+Southwest&rft.place=Baton+Rouge%2C+Louisiana&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12052294&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-1237-3&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=K.+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F12052294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenhower2008" class="citation book cs1">Eisenhower, John S.D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zacharytaylor00eise"><i>Zachary Taylor</i></a>. The American Presidents series. <a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8237-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8237-1"><bdi>978-0-8050-8237-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor&rft.series=The+American+Presidents+series&rft.pub=Times+Books+%28Macmillan%29&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-8237-1&rft.aulast=Eisenhower&rft.aufirst=John+S.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzacharytaylor00eise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry2009" class="citation book cs1">Fry, Joseph Reese (2009) [1848]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf2zoo3krDIC&pg=PA177"><i>A Life of Gen. Zachary Taylor</i></a>. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-2125-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-2125-8"><bdi>978-1-4290-2125-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130190658/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf2zoo3krDIC&pg=PA177#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+of+Gen.+Zachary+Taylor&rft.place=Bedford%2C+MA&rft.pub=Applewood+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4290-2125-8&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Reese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNf2zoo3krDIC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1941" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Holman (1941). <i>Zachary Taylor: Soldier of the Republic</i>. Vol. 1. Indianapolis, Ind.: <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bobbs-Merrill Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor%3A+Soldier+of+the+Republic&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill+Company&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Holman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1951" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Holman (1951). <i>Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House</i>. Vol. 2. Indianapolis, Ind.: <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bobbs-Merrill Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor%3A+Soldier+in+the+White+House&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill+Company&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Holman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_military_history">Political and military history</h3></div> <ul><li>Birkner, Michael J. "Zachary Taylor in Office: Clay, the Whig Party, and the Sectional Crisis". in <i>A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861</i> (2014): 291–308.</li> <li>*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyBaileyCohen2006" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, David M.; Bailey, Thomas Andrew & Cohen, Lizabeth (2006). <i>The American Pageant</i> (13th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0618479279" title="Special:BookSources/0618479279"><bdi>0618479279</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/846067545">846067545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Pageant&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F846067545&rft.isbn=0618479279&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Thomas+Andrew&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Lizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyer1946" class="citation book cs1">Dyer, Brainerd (1946). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technicolortimem0000harr_u6k5"><i>Zachary Taylor</i></a></span>. Southern Biography series. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor&rft.series=Southern+Biography+series&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Brainerd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnicolortimem0000harr_u6k5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Holt" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Michael F (1999). <i>The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505544-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505544-3"><bdi>978-0-19-505544-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+American+Whig+Party%3A+Jacksonian+Politics+and+the+Onset+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505544-3&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Michael+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lewis, Felice Flanery. <i>Trailing Clouds of Glory: Zachary Taylor's Mexican War Campaign and His Emerging Civil War Leaders,</i> (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41305690">online review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115113445/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41305690">Archived</a> January 15, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Lewis, Felice Flanery. "Zachary Taylor and Monterrey: Generals as Diplomats". in <i>The Routledge Handbook of American Military and Diplomatic History</i> (Routledge, 2014) pp. 281–289.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lossing" class="citation book cs1">Lossing, Benson J (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amnationexec01clevrich"><i>The American nation: its executive, legislative, political, financial, judicial and industrial history : embracing sketches of the lives of its chief magistrates, its eminent statesmen, financiers, soldiers and jurists, with monographs on subjects of peculiar historical interest, Volume 2</i></a>. Williams Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+nation%3A+its+executive%2C+legislative%2C+political%2C+financial%2C+judicial+and+industrial+history+%3A+embracing+sketches+of+the+lives+of+its+chief+magistrates%2C+its+eminent+statesmen%2C+financiers%2C+soldiers+and+jurists%2C+with+monographs+on+subjects+of+peculiar+historical+interest%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Williams+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Lossing&rft.aufirst=Benson+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famnationexec01clevrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nevins, Allan. <i>Ordeal of the Union, vol. 1: Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847–1852</i> (1947), covers politics in depth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ordealofunion00nevi/page/n3">Online free to borrow</a></li> <li>Quist, John W. "The Election of 1848". in <i>American Presidential Campaigns and Elections</i> (Routledge, 2020) pp. 328–348.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Elbert B. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700603626"><i>The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0362-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0362-6"><bdi>978-0-7006-0362-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidencies+of+Zachary+Taylor+and+Millard+Fillmore&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0362-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elbert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780700603626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Elbert B. (2011). <i>President Zachary Taylor : the hero president</i>. New York: Nova Science Pub Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1608769124" title="Special:BookSources/978-1608769124"><bdi>978-1608769124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+Zachary+Taylor+%3A+the+hero+president&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nova+Science+Pub+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1608769124&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elbert+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinleyBent1946" class="citation book cs1">McKinley, Silas B.; Bent, Silas (1946). <i>Old Rough and Ready: The Life and Times of Zachary Taylor</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Press" title="Vanguard Press">Vanguard Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Rough+and+Ready%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Zachary+Taylor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vanguard+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Silas+B.&rft.au=Bent%2C+Silas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation book cs1">Graff, Henry F., ed. (2002). <i>The Presidents: A Reference History</i> (3rd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidents%3A+A+Reference+History&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilbey2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_H._Silbey" title="Joel H. Silbey">Silbey, Joel H.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/263497977"><i>Party Over Section: The Rough and Ready Presidential Election of 1848</i></a>. Lawrence, Kansas: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1640-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1640-4"><bdi>978-0-7006-1640-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/263497977">263497977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Over+Section%3A+The+Rough+and+Ready+Presidential+Election+of+1848&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F263497977&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1640-4&rft.aulast=Silbey&rft.aufirst=Joel+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F263497977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilbey2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_H._Silbey" title="Joel H. Silbey">Silbey, Joel H.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/862222363"><i>A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861</i></a>. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-60929-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-60929-3"><bdi>978-1-118-60929-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/862222363">862222363</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Antebellum+Presidents+1837%E2%80%931861&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex%2C+UK&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F862222363&rft.isbn=978-1-118-60929-3&rft.aulast=Silbey&rft.aufirst=Joel+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F862222363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span> pp 291–308</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1908" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Emma C. Brewster (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718052212/http://www.williambrewster.com/brewstergenealogy.htm"><i>The Brewster Genealogy, 1566–1907: a Record of the Descendants of William Brewster of the "Mayflower," ruling elder of the Pilgrim church which founded Plymouth Colony in 1620</i></a>. New York: Grafton Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.williambrewster.com/brewstergenealogy.htm">the original</a> on July 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brewster+Genealogy%2C+1566%E2%80%931907%3A+a+Record+of+the+Descendants+of+William+Brewster+of+the+%22Mayflower%2C%22+ruling+elder+of+the+Pilgrim+church+which+founded+Plymouth+Colony+in+1620&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grafton+Press&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Emma+C.+Brewster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.williambrewster.com%2Fbrewstergenealogy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttoRoberts1995" class="citation book cs1">Otto, Julie Helen; Roberts, Gary Boyd (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32824722"><i>Ancestors of American Presidents</i></a> (1st ed.). Santa Clarita, California: New England Historic Genealogical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-936124-19-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-936124-19-3"><bdi>978-0-936124-19-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32824722">32824722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancestors+of+American+Presidents&rft.place=Santa+Clarita%2C+California&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=New+England+Historic+Genealogical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32824722&rft.isbn=978-0-936124-19-3&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=Julie+Helen&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Gary+Boyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F32824722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZachary+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Zachary_Taylor" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" class="extiw" title="commons:Zachary Taylor"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Zachary Taylor</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/people/president/zachary-taylor">Zachary Taylor Presidential Papers Collection, The American Presidency Project</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Miller_Center_of_Public_Affairs" title="Miller Center of Public Affairs">Miller Center of Public Affairs</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/taylor/index.html">Zachary Taylor: A Resource Guide</a> from the Library of Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Taylor%2C%20Zachary%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Zachary%20Taylor%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Taylor%2C%20Zachary%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Zachary%20Taylor%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Taylor%2C%20Z%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Zachary%20Taylor%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Taylor%2C%20Zachary%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Zachary%20Taylor%22%29%20OR%20%28%221784-1850%22%20AND%20Taylor%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Zachary Taylor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/11286">Works by Zachary Taylor</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/FloridaSeminoleWarsHeritageTrail#mode/2up/">Florida Seminole Wars Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430065047/http://www.familytales.org/results.php?tla=zat">Zachary Taylor letters, 1846–1848</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?123944-1/life-portrait-zachary-taylor">"Life Portrait of Zachary Taylor"</a>, from <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/American_Presidents:_Life_Portraits" title="American Presidents: Life Portraits">American Presidents: Life Portraits</a></i>, May 31, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130705162557/http://library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/biographyresult.php?bio_id=17">Zachary Taylor</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/">A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War</a>, Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington</li> <li>In 1850, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Philip_Heinrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Philip Heinrich">Anthony Philip Heinrich</a> wrote <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/General_Taylor's_Funeral_March_(Heinrich%2C_Anthony_Philip)">General Taylor's Funeral March</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zachary_Taylor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zachary_Taylor" title="Template:Zachary Taylor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zachary_Taylor" title="Template talk:Zachary Taylor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zachary_Taylor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zachary Taylor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zachary_Taylor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">12th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1849–1850)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Forest_Farm" title="Hare Forest Farm">Hare Forest Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Regiment (United States)">7th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Grove_Plantation" title="Cypress Grove Plantation">Cypress Grove Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forts_of_Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Forts of Vincennes, Indiana">Forts of Vincennes, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Harrison,_Indiana" title="Fort Harrison, Indiana">Fort Harrison, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Battle of Wild Cat Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Island" title="Credit Island">Credit Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Johnson" title="Fort Johnson">Fort Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Howard_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Howard (Wisconsin)">Fort Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesup" title="Fort Jesup">Fort Jesup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Snelling" title="Fort Snelling">Fort Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Crawford" title="Fort Crawford">Fort Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Regiment (United States)">1st Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gardiner" title="Fort Gardiner">Fort Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Basinger_(Seminole_War_Fort)" title="Fort Basinger (Seminole War Fort)">Fort Basinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee" title="Battle of Lake Okeechobee">Battle of Lake Okeechobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_(Mexico)" title="Army of Occupation (Mexico)">Army of Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palo_Alto" title="Battle of Palo Alto">Battle of Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca_de_la_Palma" title="Battle of Resaca de la Palma">Battle of Resaca de la Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monterrey" title="Battle of Monterrey">Battle of Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buena_Vista" title="Battle of Buena Vista">Battle of Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 Whig National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_and_slavery" title="Zachary Taylor and slavery">Zachary Taylor and slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Zachary_Taylor" title="Inauguration of Zachary Taylor">Inauguration of Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_National_Cemetery" title="Zachary Taylor National Cemetery">Zachary Taylor National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Taylor,_Louisville" title="Camp Taylor, Louisville">Camp Taylor, Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Zachary_Taylor_Historic_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park">Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Zachary_Taylor" title="SS Zachary Taylor">SS <i>Zachary Taylor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Georgia" title="Taylor County, Georgia">Taylor County, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Iowa" title="Taylor County, Iowa">Taylor County, Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Kentucky" title="Taylor County, Kentucky">Taylor County, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_and_Ready,_California" title="Rough and Ready, California">Rough and Ready, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Street" title="Taylor Street">Taylor Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Taylor</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Knox_Taylor" title="Sarah Knox Taylor">Sarah Knox Taylor</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Bliss" title="Mary Elizabeth Bliss">Mary Elizabeth Bliss</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard Taylor</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_Wood" title="John Taylor Wood">John Taylor Wood</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_Wood" title="Zachary Taylor Wood">Zachary Taylor Wood</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_Wood" title="Charles Carroll Wood">Charles Carroll Wood</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wood_(police_commissioner)" title="Stuart Wood (police commissioner)">Stuart Wood</a> (great-great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(colonel)" title="Richard Taylor (colonel)">Richard Taylor</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pannell_Taylor" title="Joseph Pannell Taylor">Joseph Pannell Taylor</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Allerton_Jr." title="Isaac Allerton Jr.">Isaac Allerton Jr.</a> (great-great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Whitey_(horse)" title="Old Whitey (horse)">Old Whitey</a> (pet)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">← James K. Polk</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Zachary_Taylor" title="Category:Zachary Taylor">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_(Mexico)" title="Army of Occupation (Mexico)">Commander of the Army of Occupation</a> </b><br />1845–1848 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Davenport_(U.S._military)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Davenport (U.S. military) (page does not exist)">William Davenport</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> nominee for President of the United States </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </b><br />1849–1850 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Zachary_Taylor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Zachary_Taylor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Zachary Taylor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_presidents" title="Template:US presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_presidents" title="Template talk:US presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents and<br />presidencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="display:flex"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;flex:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">1789–1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">1797–1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">1801–1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">1809–1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">1817–1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">1825–1829</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">1829–1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">1837–1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_(1841)" title="William Henry Harrison">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">1841–1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">1845–1849</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Presidency_(1849–1850)">1849–1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">1850–1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">1853–1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">1857–1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">1861–1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">1865–1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">1869–1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes">1877–1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield#Presidency_(1881)" title="James A. Garfield">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur" title="Presidency of Chester A. Arthur">1881–1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#First_presidency_(1885–1889)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1885–1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">1889–1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#Second_presidency_(1893–1897)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1893–1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley" title="Presidency of William McKinley">1897–1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">1901–1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">1909–1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">1913–1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">1921–1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">1923–1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">1929–1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1933–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">1945–1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953–1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">1961–1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963–1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">1969–1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">1974–1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">1977–1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">1981–1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">1989–1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">1993–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">2001–2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">2009–2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">2017–2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">2021–present</a>)</li></ol> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency<br />timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_McKinley_presidency" title="Timeline of the William McKinley presidency">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">T. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency" title="Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency" title="Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency" title="Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency" title="Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">L. B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency" title="Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency" title="Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">G. H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Presidents of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Republican_and_Whig_Parties" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whig Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Republican_and_Whig_Parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Parties</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_American_National_Convention" title="1856 American National Convention">1856 American National Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1860_Constitutional_Union_Convention" title="1860 Constitutional Union Convention">1860 Constitutional Union Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Northern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)">Opposition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">Presidency of John Quincy Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_(1841)" title="William Henry Harrison">Presidency of William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">Presidency of John Tyler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Presidency_(1849–1850)">Presidency of Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">Presidency of Millard Fillmore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_National_Republican_and_Whig_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States National Republican and Whig Party presidential tickets">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_National_Republican_National_Convention" title="1831 National Republican National Convention">1831 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839 (Harrisburg)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" title="Theodore Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Z. Taylor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Donelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />Speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">J. Taylor</a> (1825–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1839–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_White_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John White (Kentucky politician)">White</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a> (1847–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a> (1856–1857)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Walter Forward</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John C. Spencer</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">George M. Bibb</a> (1844–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">James Barbour</a> (1825–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buell_Porter" title="Peter Buell Porter">Peter B. Porter</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Canfield_Spencer" title="John Canfield Spencer">John C. Spencer</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Porter" title="James Madison Porter">James M. Porter</a> (1843–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles M. Conrad</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(attorney_general)" title="William Wirt (attorney general)">William Wirt</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(lawyer)" title="John Nelson (lawyer)">John Nelson</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Samuel L. Southard</a> (1825–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">George E. Badger</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Abel P. Upshur</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William B. Preston</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">John P. Kennedy</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean_Thompson_McKennan" title="Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan">Thomas M. T. McKennan</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_Holmes_Stuart" title="Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart">Alexander H. H. Stuart</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Zachary_Taylor_(1849–1850)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taylor_cabinet" title="Template:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taylor_cabinet" title="Template talk:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taylor_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Zachary_Taylor_(1849–1850)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a> (1849–1850)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/100px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/150px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/200px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Jacob Collamer</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Hawk_War_of_1832" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Template:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Template talk:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Hawk_War_of_1832" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War of 1832</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Native people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/British_Band" title="British Band">British Band</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_(Sauk_leader)" title="Black Hawk (Sauk leader)">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checokalako" title="Checokalako">Checokalako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapope" title="Neapope">Neapope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamisseu" title="Pamisseu">Pamisseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towaunonne" title="Towaunonne">Towaunonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabokieshiek" title="Wabokieshiek">Wabokieshiek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Dakota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wapasha_II" title="Wapasha II">Wapasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waukon_Decorah" title="Waukon Decorah">Waukon Decorah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Oshkosh" title="Chief Oshkosh">Oshkosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Potawatomi people">Potawatomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Caldwell" title="Billy Caldwell">Billy Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbona" title="Shabbona">Shabbona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waubonsie" title="Waubonsie">Waubonsie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk_(Sauk_leader)" title="Keokuk (Sauk leader)">Keokuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapello_(chief)" title="Wapello (chief)">Wapello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">U.S. people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Atkinson_(soldier)" title="Henry Atkinson (soldier)">Henry Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brady_(general)" title="Hugh Brady (general)">Hugh Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Giles_Adams" title="John Giles Adams">John Giles Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Alexander" title="Milton Alexander">Milton Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bailey_(militia_officer)" title="David Bailey (militia officer)">David Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Brigham" title="Ebenezer Brigham">Ebenezer Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dement" title="John Dement">John Dement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Henry Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Hamilton" title="William S. Hamilton">William S. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Henry" title="James D. Henry">James D. Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Posey_(general)" title="Alexander Posey (general)">Alexander Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Rountree" title="John H. Rountree">John H. Rountree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Stillman" title="Isaiah Stillman">Isaiah Stillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Stephenson" title="James W. Stephenson">James W. Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Whiteside" title="Samuel Whiteside">Samuel Whiteside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Davenport" title="George Davenport">George Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gratiot" title="Henry Gratiot">Henry Gratiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_LeClaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine LeClaire">Antoine LeClaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Street" title="Joseph M. Street">Joseph M. Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_St._Vrain" title="Felix St. Vrain">Felix St. Vrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Throckmorton" title="Joseph Throckmorton">Joseph Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satterlee_Clark" title="Satterlee Clark">Satterlee Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apple_River_Fort" title="Apple River Fort">Apple River Fort</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dixon%27s_Ferry" title="Dixon's Ferry">Dixon's Ferry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Armstrong_(Illinois)" title="Fort Armstrong (Illinois)">Fort Armstrong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Beggs" title="Fort Beggs">Fort Beggs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_(Fox_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Creek (Fox River)">Indian Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Kellogg's Grove">Kellogg's Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plum_River" title="Plum River">Plum River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_State_Historic_Site" title="Black Hawk State Historic Site">Saukenuk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stillman_Creek_(Illinois)" title="Stillman Creek (Illinois)">Stillman Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stillman%27s_Run_Battle_Site" title="Stillman's Run Battle Site">Stillman's Run Battle Site</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waddams_Grove,_Illinois" title="Waddams Grove, Illinois">Waddams Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_(Illinois)" title="Yellow Creek (Illinois)">Yellow Creek</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe_River" title="Bad Axe River">Bad Axe River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mounds_Fort" title="Blue Mounds Fort">Blue Mounds Fort</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Crawford" title="Fort Crawford">Fort Crawford</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Defiance (Wisconsin)">Fort Defiance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Hamilton (Wisconsin)">Fort Hamilton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Jackson (Wisconsin)">Fort Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Koshkonong" title="Fort Koshkonong">Fort Koshkonong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Union (Wisconsin)">Fort Union</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gratiot%27s_Grove_(Wisconsin)" title="Gratiot's Grove (Wisconsin)">Gratiot's Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Wisconsin" title="Helena, Wisconsin">Helena</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wiota,_Wisconsin" title="Wiota, Wisconsin">Hamilton's Diggings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pecatonica_River" title="Pecatonica River">Pecatonica River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Wisconsin" title="Roxbury, Wisconsin">Roxbury</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa,_Wisconsin" title="Sinsinawa, Wisconsin">Sinsinawa Mound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_Grove,_Wisconsin" title="Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin">Soldiers Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victory,_Wisconsin" title="Victory, Wisconsin">Victory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Heights_Battlefield" title="Wisconsin Heights Battlefield">Wisconsin Heights Battlefield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_River" title="Wisconsin River">Wisconsin River</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Engagements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_attacks_of_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Minor attacks of the Black Hawk War">Minor engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Battle of Stillman's Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove_ambush" title="Buffalo Grove ambush">Buffalo Grove ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_River_raid" title="Plum River raid">Plum River raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre">St. Vrain massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_at_Fort_Blue_Mounds" title="Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds">Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre">Spafford Farm massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove" title="Battle of Waddams Grove">Battle of Waddams Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Battle of Kellogg's Grove">Battle of Kellogg's Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Ament%27s_Cabin" title="Attack at Ament's Cabin">Attack at Ament's Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort" title="Battle of Apple River Fort">Battle of Apple River Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid" title="Sinsinawa Mound raid">Sinsinawa Mound raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights" title="Battle of Wisconsin Heights">Battle of Wisconsin Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bad_Axe" title="Battle of Bad Axe">Battle of Bad Axe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_Purchase" title="Black Hawk Purchase">Black Hawk Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_Tree" title="Black Hawk Tree">Black Hawk Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk%27s_Reserve" title="Keokuk's Reserve">Keokuk's Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1804)" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1804)">Treaty of St. Louis (1804)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien" title="First Treaty of Prairie du Chien">First Treaty of Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien" title="Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien">Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warrior_(steamboat)" title="Warrior (steamboat)">Warrior</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Template:Kentucky in the War of 1812"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Template talk:Kentucky in the War of 1812"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky in the War of 1812"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Kentucky in the War of 1812">Kentucky in the War of 1812</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adair" title="John Adair">John Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_(soldier)" title="John Allen (soldier)">John Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Graves_(soldier)" title="Benjamin Franklin Graves (soldier)">Benjamin Franklin Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_G._S._Hart" title="Nathaniel G. S. Hart">Nathaniel G. S. Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Hickman" title="Paschal Hickman">Paschal Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Johnson (Kentucky politician)">James Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Madison" title="George Madison">George Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_(governor)" title="Charles Scott (governor)">Charles Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shelby" title="Isaac Shelby">Isaac Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Simpson (Kentucky politician)">John Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Slaughter" title="Gabriel Slaughter">Gabriel Slaughter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kentucky.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kentucky State Flag"><img alt="Kentucky State Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/200px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Saltpetre_Cave" title="Great Saltpetre Cave">Great Saltpetre Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Barracks" title="Newport Barracks">Newport Barracks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Battle of Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunters_of_Kentucky" title="The Hunters of Kentucky">The Hunters of Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Spur's Defeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/16px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky" title="Portal:Kentucky">Kentucky portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1848 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1844)_1848_United_States_presidential_election_(1852_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">← 1844</a>) <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F0C862;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zachary Taylor</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William O. Butler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CCCC66;"><b><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1848_Free_Soil_%26_Liberty_national_conventions" title="1848 Free Soil & Liberty national conventions">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles F. Adams</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Joshua R. Giddings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1848 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_and_1849_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 and 1849 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky" title="Portal:Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11896#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11896#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11896#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11880152X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50008436">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12133919v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12133919v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0105904&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1315440">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071340106">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2066636">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000184484&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=245262">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jln1nq2xrb4kg">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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