CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="Yes"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea | Scientific Data</title> <meta name="journal_id" content="41597"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Scientific Data 2020 7:1"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Nature Publishing Group"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2020-11-04"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2020 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2020 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA ( https://www.pangaea.de ). Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13034372"/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2052-4463"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Scientific Data"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2020-11-04"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="7"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="1"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="16"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2020 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/articles/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00705-w.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/articles/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Scientific Data"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Sci Data"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Nature Publishing Group"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2052-4463"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="7"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2020/11/04"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="16"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Data Descriptor"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="size" content="160562"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA ( https://www.pangaea.de ). Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13034372"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Palano, Mimmo"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Pezzo, Giuseppe"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Serpelloni, Enrico"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Devoti, Roberto"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="D’Agostino, Nicola"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Gandolfi, Stefano"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Sparacino, Federica"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Anderlini, Letizia"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Poluzzi, Luca"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Tavasci, Luca"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Macini, Paolo"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Pietrantonio, Grazia"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Riguzzi, Federica"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Antoncecchi, Ilaria"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ciccone, Francesco"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Rossi, Giada"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Avallone, Antonio"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Selvaggi, Giulio"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Energy security"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Geodynamics"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Geophysics"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Natural hazards"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Antoncecchi, I. et al. Multidisciplinary study on assessment of subsoil deformations caused by offshore hydrocarbon activity in Emilia Romagna region, aimed to develop a methodological approach for an integrated monitoring. In Proceedings of 37° GNGTS, http://www3.inogs.it/gngts/files/2018/S23/Riassunti/Antoncecchi.pdf (2018)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Advan. Space Res.; citation_title=GPS monitoring of vertical seafloor motion at Platform Harvest; citation_author=BJ Haines, SD Desai, GH Born; citation_volume=51; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1369-1382; citation_doi=10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.008; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Rebischung, P. [IGSMAIL-6663] IGb08: an update on IGS08 https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html (2012)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geod.; citation_title=The IGS contribution to ITRF2014; citation_author=P Rebischung, Z Altamimi, J Ray, B Garayt; citation_volume=90; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=611-630; citation_doi=10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions; citation_author=Z Altamimi, P Rebischung, L Métivier, X Collilieux; citation_volume=121; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=6109-6131; citation_doi=10.1002/2016JB013098; citation_id=CR5"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geodesy; citation_title=ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame; citation_author=Z Altamimi, X Collilieux, L Métivier; citation_volume=85; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=457-473; citation_doi=10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="UNAVCO. Notice to UNAVCO GPS data product users: file format update https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf (2013)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P. & Fridez, P. Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf (2015)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Fridez, P., & Meindl, M. Bernese GNSS Software, Version 5.0. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs50/DOCU50.pdf (2007)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Herring, T. A., King, R. W., Floyd, M. A. & McClusky, S. C. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK, Release 10.7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf (2017)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="International GNSS Service. 2nd Data reprocessing campaign guidelines http://acc.igs.org/reprocess2.html (2014)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geodesy; citation_title=The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems; citation_author=JM Dow, RE Neilan, C Rizos; citation_volume=83; citation_issue=3-4; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=191-198; citation_doi=10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3; citation_id=CR12"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro‐Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia‐Eurasia plate boundary; citation_author=E Serpelloni, C Faccenna, G Spada, D Dong, SD Williams; citation_volume=118; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=6003-6024; citation_doi=10.1002/2013JB010102; citation_id=CR13"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ann. Geophys.; citation_title=A combined velocity field of the Mediterranean region; citation_author=R Devoti; citation_volume=60; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=0215; citation_id=CR14"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=GPS solutions; citation_title=Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas; citation_author=R Schmid, M Rothacher, D Thaller, P Steigenberger; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=283-293; citation_doi=10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x; citation_id=CR15"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geodesy; citation_title=Generation of a consistent absolute phase-center correction model for GPS receiver and satellite antennas; citation_author=R Schmid, P Steigenberger, G Gendt, M Ge, M Rothacher; citation_volume=81; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=781-798; citation_doi=10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y; citation_id=CR16"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Higher‐order ionospheric effects on the GPS reference frame and velocities; citation_author=EJ Petrie, MA King, P Moore, DA Lavallée; citation_volume=115; citation_issue=B3; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=B03417; citation_id=CR17"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from european centre for medium range weather forecasts operational analysis data; citation_author=J Boehm, B Werl, H Schuh; citation_volume=111; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=B02406; citation_id=CR18"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ocean Dyn.; citation_title=Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from fes2004; citation_author=F Lyard, F Lefevre, T Letellier, O Francis; citation_volume=56; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=394-415; citation_doi=10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x; citation_id=CR19"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="International GNSS Service. IGb08 sinex file ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx (2012)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geodesy; citation_title=Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data; citation_author=D Dong, TA Herring, RW King; citation_volume=72; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=200-214; citation_doi=10.1007/s001900050161; citation_id=CR21"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Dong, D., Fang, P., Bock, Y., Cheng, M. K. & Miyazaki, S. I. Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS‐derived site positiontime series. J. Geophys. Res. 107(B4), ETG-9 (2002)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="International GNSS Service. IGS core stations list. ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08_core.txt (2012)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geodesy; citation_title=Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data; citation_author=W Bertiger; citation_volume=84; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=327-337; citation_doi=10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9; citation_id=CR24"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver; citation_author=YE Bar-Sever, P Kroger, J Borjesson; citation_volume=103; citation_issue=B3; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=5019-5035; citation_doi=10.1029/97JB03534; citation_id=CR25"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Geophys. Res. Lett.; citation_title=The effect of the second order GPS ionospheric correction on receiver positions; citation_author=S Kedar, GA Hajj, BD Wilson, MB Heflin; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=16; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=1829; citation_doi=10.1029/2003GL017639; citation_id=CR26"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-adriatic belts; citation_author=M Métois; citation_volume=120; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=8701-8719; citation_doi=10.1002/2015JB012023; citation_id=CR27"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: Spatial filtering of daily positions for estimating coseismic and postseismic displacements induced by the 1992 landers earthquake; citation_author=S Wdowinski, Y Bock, J Zhang, P Fang, J Genrich; citation_volume=102; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=18057-18070; citation_doi=10.1029/97JB01378; citation_id=CR28"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Palano, M. et al Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea. PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914358 (2020)"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=GPS Solutions; citation_title=TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software; citation_author=D Wu, H Yan, Y Shen; citation_volume=21; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1389-1394; citation_doi=10.1007/s10291-017-0637-2; citation_id=CR30"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. The GPS Toolbox https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm (2017)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Abramowitz, M. & Stegun, I. A. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables (National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Geophys. Res. Lett.; citation_title=Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data; citation_author=D Cheloni; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=6778-6787; citation_doi=10.1002/2017GL073580; citation_id=CR33"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Rev. Geophys.; citation_title=Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products; citation_author=TA Herring; citation_volume=54; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=759-808; citation_doi=10.1002/2016RG000529; citation_id=CR34"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J. Geophys. Res.; citation_title=ITRF2008 plate motion model; citation_author=Z Altamimi, M Laurent, C Xavier; citation_volume=117; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=B7; citation_id=CR35"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Geophys. J. Int.; citation_title=On the present-day crustal stress, strain-rate fields and mantle anisotropy pattern of Italy; citation_author=M Palano; citation_volume=200; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=969-985; citation_doi=10.1093/gji/ggu451; citation_id=CR36"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Cushman-Roisin, B., Malačič, V., & Gačić, M. Tides, Seiches and Low-Frequency Oscillations. in Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea (eds. Cushman-Roisin, B., Gacic, M., Poulain, P.-M. & Artegiani, A.) Ch. 7 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2001)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Marine Syst.; citation_title=Adriatic Sea surface circulation as derived from drifter data between 1990 and 1999; citation_author=PM Poulain; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=1–4; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=3-32; citation_doi=10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00007-0; citation_id=CR38"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Palano, Mimmo"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pezzo, Giuseppe"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Serpelloni, Enrico"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Devoti, Roberto"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="D’Agostino, Nicola"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Gandolfi, Stefano"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sparacino, Federica"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anderlini, Letizia"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Poluzzi, Luca"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tavasci, Luca"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Macini, Paolo"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pietrantonio, Grazia"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Riguzzi, Federica"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Antoncecchi, Ilaria"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A., Milano, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ciccone, Francesco"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rossi, Giada"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A., Milano, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Avallone, Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Selvaggi, Giulio"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy"/> <meta name="access_endpoint" content="https://link.springer.com/platform/readcube-access"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@scientificdata"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Scientific Data - Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea - Scientific Data"/> <meta property="og:description" content="We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA ( https://www.pangaea.de )."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-b8af42253b.css> <style> html{text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.15}body{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;margin:0}details,main{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}a{background-color:transparent;color:#025e8d}sub{bottom:-.25em;font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}button,input{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}summary{display:list-item}[hidden]{display:none}button{cursor:pointer}svg{height:1rem;width:1rem} </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { body{background:#fff;color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;min-height:100%}a{color:#025e8d;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}button{cursor:pointer}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll}h1{font-size:2.25rem}h2{font-size:1.75rem}h1,h2,h4{font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h4{font-size:1.25rem}body{font-size:1.125rem}*{box-sizing:inherit}p{margin-bottom:2rem;margin-top:0}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90{display:none}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 94px)}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}}.c-ad__label{color:#333;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad__label,.c-status-message{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-status-message{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;position:relative;width:100%}.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1.4;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;flex:0 0 auto;height:1.5em;margin-right:8px;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em}.c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.eds-c-header{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 0 0}.eds-c-header__container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto 8px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav{border-top:2px solid #c5e0f4;padding-top:4px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto 4px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container>:not(:last-child){margin-right:32px}.eds-c-header__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1 0 auto;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between}.eds-c-header__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.eds-c-header__list-item{font-weight:700;margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:8px}.eds-c-header__list-item:not(:last-child){border-bottom:2px solid #c5e0f4}.eds-c-header__item{color:inherit}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}.eds-c-header__item--menu:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:flex;gap:16px 16px;visibility:visible}}.eds-c-header__item--divider:before{border-left:2px solid #c5e0f4;content:"";height:calc(100% - 16px);margin-left:-15px;position:absolute;top:8px}.eds-c-header__brand{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-header__brand a{display:block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.eds-c-header__brand img{height:1.5rem;width:auto}.eds-c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.eds-c-header__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;font-size:1.5rem;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}.eds-c-header__icon+*{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-header__expander{background-color:#f0f7fc}.eds-c-header__search{display:block;padding:24px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__search{max-width:70%}}.eds-c-header__search-container{position:relative}.eds-c-header__search-label{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.eds-c-header__search-input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000;padding:8px 48px 8px 8px;width:100%}.eds-c-header__search-button{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;height:100%;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;right:0}.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander{border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;left:0;margin-top:-2px;top:100%;width:100%;z-index:10}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__search{margin:auto}.eds-c-header__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:16px 16px 0}.eds-c-pagination{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;gap:16px 0;justify-content:center;line-height:1.4;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:32px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.eds-c-pagination{padding:32px 16px}}.eds-c-pagination__item{margin-right:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--prev{margin-right:16px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next .eds-c-pagination__link,.eds-c-pagination__item--prev .eds-c-pagination__link{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.eds-c-pagination__link{align-items:center;color:#222;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:16px 24px;position:relative;text-align:center;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.eds-c-pagination__link:visited{color:#222}.eds-c-pagination__link--disabled{border-color:#555;color:#555;cursor:default}.eds-c-pagination__link--active{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border-radius:8px;color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link--active:focus,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:hover,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:visited{color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex}.eds-c-pagination__icon{fill:#222;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.eds-c-pagination__icon--disabled{fill:#555}.eds-c-pagination__visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.c-breadcrumbs{color:#333;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-breadcrumbs>li{display:inline}svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#333;height:10px;margin:0 .25rem;width:10px}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast,.c-breadcrumbs--contrast .c-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item{display:none}.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:last-child,.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:nth-last-child(2){display:inline}}.c-skip-link{background:#01324b;bottom:auto;color:#fff;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;padding:8px;position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateY(-100%);width:100%;z-index:9999}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{transition:top .3s ease-in-out 0s}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:active,.c-skip-link:hover,.c-skip-link:link,.c-skip-link:visited{color:#fff}.c-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.l-with-sidebar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.l-with-sidebar>*{margin:0}.l-with-sidebar__sidebar{flex-basis:var(--with-sidebar--basis,400px);flex-grow:1}.l-with-sidebar>:not(.l-with-sidebar__sidebar){flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:999;min-width:var(--with-sidebar--min,53%)}.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:4rem}@supports (gap:1em){.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:0}.l-with-sidebar{gap:var(--with-sidebar--gap,4rem)}}.c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.app-masthead__colour-4{--background-color:#ff9500;--gradient-light:rgba(0,0,0,.5);--gradient-dark:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.app-masthead{background:var(--background-color,#0070a8);position:relative}.app-masthead:after{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)));bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.app-masthead:after{background:linear-gradient(225deg,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)))}}.app-masthead__container{color:var(--masthead-color,#fff);margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px;position:relative;z-index:1}.u-button{align-items:center;background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;border-radius:32px;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;justify-content:center;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:16px 32px;position:relative;transition:all .2s ease 0s;width:auto}.u-button svg,.u-button--contrast svg,.u-button--primary svg,.u-button--secondary svg,.u-button--tertiary svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button,.u-button:visited{color:#fff}.u-button,.u-button:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus,.u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button--primary:focus svg path,.u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button:focus svg path,.u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.u-button--primary{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--primary:hover{border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus,.u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary{background-color:#fff;border:4px solid #fff;color:#01324b;font-weight:700}.u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--secondary:focus,.u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--tertiary:focus svg path,.u-button--tertiary:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.u-button--tertiary{background-color:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#666;font-weight:700}.u-button--tertiary:visited{color:#666}.u-button--tertiary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--tertiary:focus,.u-button--tertiary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.u-button--contrast{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400}.u-button--contrast:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--contrast,.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--contrast:focus svg path,.u-button--contrast:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--disabled,.u-button:disabled{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:4px solid #ccc;color:#000;cursor:default;font-weight:400;opacity:.7}.u-button--disabled svg,.u-button:disabled svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button--disabled:visited,.u-button:disabled:visited{color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{border:4px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus svg path,.u-button--disabled:hover svg path,.u-button:disabled:focus svg path,.u-button:disabled:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--small,.u-button--xsmall{font-size:.875rem;padding:2px 8px}.u-button--small{padding:8px 16px}.u-button--large{font-size:1.125rem;padding:10px 35px}.u-button--full-width{display:flex;width:100%}.u-button--icon-left svg{margin-right:8px}.u-button--icon-right svg{margin-left:8px}.u-clear-both{clear:both}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-justify-content-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide,.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.u-icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1em}.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-ma-16{margin:16px}.u-mt-0{margin-top:0}.u-mt-24{margin-top:24px}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-button-reset{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.u-sans-serif{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.u-serif{font-family:Merriweather,serif}h1,h2,h4{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}p{overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.u-mbs-0{margin-block-start:0!important}.c-article-header{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-identifiers{color:#6f6f6f;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;list-style:none;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;list-style:none;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{border-right:0;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-author-list{display:inline;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;width:100%}.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none;margin-right:4px}.c-article-author-list__button,.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide,.js .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--long .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--long+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--short .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--short+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}}#uptodate-client,.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none!important}.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:inline!important}.c-article-author-list__button,.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-article-author-list__button svg,.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-article-author-list__button:hover,.c-button-author-list:hover{background:#025e8d;border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider{padding:8px 16px}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider,.c-notes{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-image:initial;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin:24px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text{color:#555}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text,.c-notes__text{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:2px;text-align:center}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__address{color:inherit;font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-item{display:inline;margin-left:0}.c-article-authors-search{margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:0}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-code-block{border:1px solid #fff;font-family:monospace;margin:0 0 24px;padding:20px}.c-code-block__heading{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:16px}.c-code-block__line{display:block;overflow-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap}.c-article-share-box{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__description{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:24px;padding-top:4px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__additional-info{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem}.c-article-share-box__button{background:#fff;box-sizing:content-box;text-align:center}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#025e8d;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{line-height:1.3}.c-reading-companion{clear:both;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list{list-style:none;min-height:389px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 8px 16px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;text-align:right}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:8px 0 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{align-items:center;display:flex}.c-article-section__figure-caption{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-section__figure .video,p.app-article-masthead__access--above-download{margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-size:1rem}.c-article-section__figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-cod{display:block;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-cod__form{background:#ebf0f3}.c-cod__prompt{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 24px}.c-cod__label{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.c-cod__row{display:flex;margin:0 0 16px}.c-cod__row:last-child{margin:0}.c-cod__input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:2px;flex-shrink:0;margin:0;padding:13px}.c-cod__input--submit{background-color:#025e8d;border:1px solid #025e8d;color:#fff;flex-shrink:1;margin-left:8px;transition:background-color .2s ease-out 0s,color .2s ease-out 0s}.c-cod__input--submit-single{flex-basis:100%;flex-shrink:0;margin:0}.c-cod__input--submit:focus,.c-cod__input--submit:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.save-data .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division,.save-data .c-article-equation__number,.save-data .c-article-figure-description,.save-data .c-article-fullwidth-content,.save-data .c-article-main-column,.save-data .c-article-satellite-article-link,.save-data .c-article-satellite-subtitle,.save-data .c-article-table-container,.save-data .c-blockquote__body,.save-data .c-code-block__heading,.save-data .c-reading-companion__figure-title,.save-data .c-reading-companion__reference-citation,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant .serif,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant.serif,.save-data .serif,.save-data .u-serif,.save-data h1,.save-data h2,.save-data h3{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-pdf-download__link{display:flex;flex:1 1 0%;padding:13px 24px}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{align-items:center;flex:1 1 183px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:16px 16px;margin:0;max-width:100%;padding:16px 0 0}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item{flex:1 1 0%}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{flex-direction:column}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:none;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 8px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:block;margin:0}}.c-article-body .c-article-history{margin-top:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar p{margin:0}.app-article-masthead{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px 16px;padding:16px 0 24px}.app-article-masthead__info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.app-article-masthead__brand{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:0;gap:8px 8px;min-height:96px;padding:16px 0 0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 15px 0 hsla(0,0%,50%,.25);height:auto;left:0;position:absolute;width:72px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 8px;max-width:400px;padding:0 0 0 88px;position:relative}.app-article-masthead__journal-title{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{align-items:center;display:flex;font-size:1rem;gap:4px 4px;margin:0 0 0 88px}.app-article-masthead__access{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;gap:4px 4px;margin:0}.app-article-masthead__buttons{display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;gap:16px 16px}.app-article-masthead__access svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg{fill:currentcolor}.app-article-masthead a{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;background-image:none;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;color:#025e8d;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:4px solid #fc0;color:#01324b}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.app-article-masthead{flex-direction:row;gap:64px 64px;padding:24px 0}.app-article-masthead__brand{border:0;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{height:auto;position:static;width:auto}.app-article-masthead__buttons{align-items:center;flex-direction:row;margin-top:auto}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px 24px;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{margin:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-masthead__brand{flex-basis:400px}}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers--cite-list{margin:0 0 16px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers *{color:#fff}.app-article-masthead .c-cod{display:none}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item{border-left:1px solid #fff;border-right:0;margin:0 17px 8px -9px;padding:0 0 0 8px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item--cite{border-left:0}.app-article-metrics-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 0 0;row-gap:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar__item{padding:0 16px 0 0}.app-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700}.app-article-metrics-bar__label{font-weight:400;padding-left:4px}.app-article-metrics-bar__icon{height:auto;margin-right:4px;margin-top:-4px;width:auto}.app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon{margin:4px 0 0 4px}.app-article-metrics-bar a{color:#000}.app-article-metrics-bar .app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics{padding-right:0}.app-overview-section .c-article-author-list,.app-overview-section__authors{line-height:2}.app-article-metrics-bar{margin-top:8px}.c-book-toc-pagination+.c-book-section__back-to-top{margin-top:0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter{color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding:20px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter svg.c-status-message__icon{fill:#003f8d;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body-section__content--separator{padding-top:40px}.c-pdf-download__link{max-height:44px}.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.c-article-sidebar{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-sidebar{display:block}}.c-cod__form{border-radius:12px}.c-cod__label{font-size:.875rem}.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:inherit}}.c-cod .c-status-message__icon{margin-top:4px}.c-cod .c-cod__prompt{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:none}}.c-article-body .app-card-service{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-card-service{display:none}}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;gap:8px 8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:hover,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#025e8d;color:#fff}.buybox__buy .c-notes__text{color:#666;font-size:.875rem;padding:0 16px 8px}.c-cod__input{flex-basis:auto;width:100%}.c-article-title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:12px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item figure{margin:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-title{margin:16px 0}}.app-article-access{border:1px solid #c5e0f4;border-radius:12px}.app-article-access__heading{border-bottom:1px solid #c5e0f4;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:16px;text-align:center}.app-article-access .buybox__info svg{vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body .app-article-access p{margin-bottom:0}.app-article-access .buybox__info{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.app-article-access{margin:0 0 32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-access{margin:0 0 24px}}.c-status-message{font-size:1rem}.c-article-body{font-size:1.125rem}.c-article-body dl,.c-article-body ol,.c-article-body p,.c-article-body ul{margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:0}.c-article-access-provider__text:last-of-type,.c-article-body .c-notes__text:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-body ol p,.c-article-body ul p{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-caption{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top-color:#c5e0f4}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:400px}.c-article-section .c-article-section__figure-description>*{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:16px 0}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{padding-top:0}.c-article-share-box__button,.js .c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;border-radius:32px;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;margin:0;padding:8px 24px;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{width:100%}.c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;color:#01324b;justify-content:center}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button svg,.c-pdf-download .u-button svg{fill:currentcolor}.c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-image:none;border:2px solid;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button,.c-pdf-download .u-button{box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#025e8d}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #fff}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background:0 0;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{border:2px solid #025e8d}.c-article-share-box__button:focus:focus,.c-article__pill-button:focus:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus{outline:3px solid #08c;will-change:transform}.c-pdf-download__link .u-icon{padding-top:0}.c-bibliographic-information__column button{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__list p,.c-article-body .c-article-author-information__list p,figure{margin:0}.c-article-share-box__button{margin-right:16px}.c-status-message--boxed{border-radius:12px}.c-article-associated-content__collection-title{font-size:1rem}.app-card-service__description,.c-article-body .app-card-service__description{color:#222;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:8px}.app-article-access__subscriptions a,.app-article-access__subscriptions a:visited,.app-book-series-listing__item a,.app-book-series-listing__item a:hover,.app-book-series-listing__item a:visited,.c-article-author-list a,.c-article-author-list a:visited,.c-article-buy-box a,.c-article-buy-box a:visited,.c-article-peer-review a,.c-article-peer-review a:visited,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a:visited,.c-breadcrumbs__link,.c-breadcrumbs__link:hover,.c-breadcrumbs__link:visited{color:#000}.c-article-author-list svg{height:24px;margin:0 0 0 6px;width:24px}.c-article-header{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--conditional{display:block}}.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{background-color:#fff;display:none;min-height:149px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{display:block}}p.c-ad__label{margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad--728x90{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #cedbe0} } </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .eds-c-header__brand img{height:24px;width:203px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:93px;width:72px}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:161px;width:122px}} } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-5272567b64.css media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null"> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href="/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-darwin-article-72ba046d97.css" media="print" onload="this.media='only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)';this.onload=null"> <script type="text/javascript"> config = { env: 'live', site: 'sdata.nature.com', siteWithPath: 'sdata.nature.com' + window.location.pathname, twitterHashtag: '', cmsPrefix: 'https://studio-cms.springernature.com/studio/', publisherBrand: 'Nature Publishing Group', mustardcut: false }; </script> <script> window.dataLayer = [{"GA Key":"UA-26408784-1","DOI":"10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w","Page":"article","springerJournal":false,"Publishing Model":"Open Access","page":{"attributes":{"environment":"live"}},"Country":"HK","japan":false,"doi":"10.1038-s41597-020-00705-w","Journal Id":41597,"Journal Title":"Scientific Data","imprint":"Nature Research","Keywords":"","kwrd":[],"Labs":"Y","ksg":"Krux.segments","kuid":"Krux.uid","Has Body":"Y","Features":[],"Open Access":"Y","hasAccess":"Y","bypassPaywall":"N","user":{"license":{"businessPartnerID":[],"businessPartnerIDString":""}},"Access Type":"open","Bpids":"","Bpnames":"","BPID":["1"],"VG Wort Identifier":"vgzm.415900-10.1038-s41597-020-00705-w","Full HTML":"Y","Subject Codes":["SCA","SCA11007","SCA12000"],"pmc":["A","A11007","A12000"],"session":{"authentication":{"loginStatus":"N"},"attributes":{"edition":"academic"}},"content":{"serial":{"eissn":"2052-4463"},"type":"Article","category":{"pmc":{"primarySubject":"Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary","primarySubjectCode":"A","secondarySubjects":{"1":"Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary","2":"Science, multidisciplinary"},"secondarySubjectCodes":{"1":"A11007","2":"A12000"}},"sucode":"SC24","articleType":"Data Descriptor"},"attributes":{"deliveryPlatform":"oscar"}},"Event Category":"Article"}]; </script> <script data-test="springer-link-article-datalayer"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ ga4MeasurementId: 'G-B3E4QL2TPR', ga360TrackingId: 'UA-26408784-1', twitterId: 'o47a7', baiduId: 'aef3043f025ccf2305af8a194652d70b', ga4ServerUrl: 'https://collect.springer.com', imprint: 'springerlink', page: { attributes:{ featureFlags: [{ name: 'darwin-orion', active: true }, { name: 'chapter-books-recs', active: true } ], darwinAvailable: true } } }); </script> <script> (function(w, d) { w.config = w.config || {}; w.config.mustardcut = false; if (w.matchMedia && w.matchMedia('only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { w.config.mustardcut = true; d.classList.add('js'); d.classList.remove('grade-c'); d.classList.remove('no-js'); } })(window, document.documentElement); </script> <script class="js-entry"> if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function(w, d) { window.Component = {}; window.suppressShareButton = false; window.onArticlePage = true; var currentScript = d.currentScript || d.head.querySelector('script.js-entry'); function catchNoModuleSupport() { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); return (!('noModule' in scriptEl) && 'onbeforeload' in scriptEl) } var headScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-572d4fec60.js', 'async': false} ]; var bodyScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es5-bundle-dad1690b0d.js', 'async': false, 'module': false}, {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es6-bundle-e7d03c4cb3.js', 'async': false, 'module': true} ]; function createScript(script) { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); scriptEl.src = script.src; scriptEl.async = script.async; if (script.module === true) { scriptEl.type = "module"; if (catchNoModuleSupport()) { scriptEl.src = ''; } } else if (script.module === false) { scriptEl.setAttribute('nomodule', true) } if (script.charset) { scriptEl.setAttribute('charset', script.charset); } return scriptEl; } for (var i = 0; i < headScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(headScripts[i]); currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptEl, currentScript.nextSibling); } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { for (var i = 0; i < bodyScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(bodyScripts[i]); d.body.appendChild(scriptEl); } }); // Webfont repeat view var config = w.config; if (config && config.publisherBrand && sessionStorage.fontsLoaded === 'true') { d.documentElement.className += ' webfonts-loaded'; } })(window, document); } </script> <script data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/27195530232.js" data-cc-script="C03"></script> <script data-test="gtm-head"> window.initGTM = function() { if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MRVXSHQ'); } } </script> <script> (function (w, d, t) { function cc() { var h = w.location.hostname; var e = d.createElement(t), s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; if (h.indexOf('springer.com') > -1 && h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') === -1 && h.indexOf('springeropen.com') === -1) { if (h.indexOf('link-qa.springer.com') > -1 || h.indexOf('test-www.springer.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-34.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-34.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springernature.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('beta-qa.springernature.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } } else { e.src = '/oscar-static/js/cookie-consent-es5-bundle-cb57c2c98a.js'; e.setAttribute('data-consent', h); } s.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', e); } cc(); })(window, document, 'script'); </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00705-w"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":{"headline":"Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea","description":"We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA (\nhttps://www.pangaea.de\n\n). \n\n\n\n\n\n Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: \nhttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13034372\n\n","datePublished":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"1","pageEnd":"16","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w","keywords":["Energy security","Geodynamics","Geophysics","Natural hazards","Science","Humanities and Social Sciences","multidisciplinary"],"image":["https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig1_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig2_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig3_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig4_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig5_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig6_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig7_HTML.png"],"isPartOf":{"name":"Scientific Data","issn":["2052-4463"],"volumeNumber":"7","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Nature Publishing Group UK","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Mimmo Palano","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-7855","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"mimmo.palano@ingv.it","@type":"Person"},{"name":"Giuseppe Pezzo","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-4193","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"giuseppe.pezzo@ingv.it","@type":"Person"},{"name":"Enrico Serpelloni","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Roberto Devoti","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Nicola D’Agostino","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-6240","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Stefano Gandolfi","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM)","address":{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Federica Sparacino","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Letizia Anderlini","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Luca Poluzzi","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM)","address":{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Luca Tavasci","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM)","address":{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Paolo Macini","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM)","address":{"name":"University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Grazia Pietrantonio","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Federica Riguzzi","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Ilaria Antoncecchi","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-0794","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG","address":{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A.","address":{"name":"Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A., Milano, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Francesco Ciccone","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG","address":{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","address":{"name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Giada Rossi","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG","address":{"name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A.","address":{"name":"Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A., Milano, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Antonio Avallone","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-2897","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Giulio Selvaggi","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti","address":{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><symbol id="icon-eds-i-accesses-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H15a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4.455a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM8 13c2.052 0 4.66 1.61 6.36 3.4l.124.141c.333.41.516.925.516 1.459 0 .6-.232 1.178-.64 1.599C12.666 21.388 10.054 23 8 23c-2.052 0-4.66-1.61-6.353-3.393A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 1 18c0-.6.232-1.178.64-1.6C3.34 14.61 5.948 13 8 13Zm0 2c-1.369 0-3.552 1.348-4.917 2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 3 18c0 .083.031.161.09.222C4.447 19.652 6.631 21 8 21c1.37 0 3.556-1.35 4.917-2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 13 18a.32.32 0 0 0-.048-.17l-.042-.052C11.553 16.348 9.369 15 8 15Zm0 1a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c5.978 0 10.843 4.77 10.996 10.712l.004.306-.002.022-.002.248C22.843 18.23 17.978 23 12 23 5.925 23 1 18.075 1 12S5.925 1 12 1Zm-1.726 9.246L8.848 12.53a1 1 0 0 1-.718.461L8.003 13l-4.947.014a9.001 9.001 0 0 0 17.887-.001L16.553 13l-2.205 3.53a1 1 0 0 1-1.735-.068l-.05-.11-2.289-6.106ZM12 3a9.001 9.001 0 0 0-8.947 8.013l4.391-.012L9.652 7.47a1 1 0 0 1 1.784.179l2.288 6.104 1.428-2.283a1 1 0 0 1 .722-.462l.129-.008 4.943.012A9.001 9.001 0 0 0 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 20.989.058.007L12 21l.075-.003.126-.017.111-.03.111-.044.098-.052.104-.074.082-.073 6-6a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L13 17.585v-12.2C13 4.075 11.964 3 10.667 3H4a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h6.667c.175 0 .333.164.333.385v12.2l-4.293-4.292a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l6 6c.035.036.073.068.112.097l.11.071.114.054.105.035.118.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5v8.585L3.707 8.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l5 5 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.048.104.035.105.022.096.01h.136l.122-.018.113-.03.103-.04.1-.053.102-.07.052-.043 5.04-5.037a1 1 0 1 0-1.415-1.414L9 11.583V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 3.011.058-.007L12 3l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 6 6a1 1 0 1 1-1.414 1.414L13 6.415v12.2C13 19.925 11.964 21 10.667 21H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6.667c.175 0 .333-.164.333-.385v-12.2l-4.293 4.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l6-6c.035-.036.073-.068.112-.097l.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 13.998a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5V4.413L3.707 7.705a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.084l-.094-.084a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5-5 .063-.059.093-.068.081-.05.105-.047.104-.035.105-.022L7.94 1l.136.001.122.017.113.03.103.04.1.053.102.07.052.043 5.04 5.037a1 1 0 1 1-1.415 1.414L9 4.415v8.583a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 3h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L21 4v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L17.584 5H14a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L13 4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.584l4.293-4.291a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L6.414 19H10a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 20a1 1 0 0 1-1 1l-6.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.054-.114-.035-.105-.025-.118-.007-.058L3 20v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m2 15-.082-.004-.119-.016-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.031-.062-.034-.081-.024-.076-.025-.118-.007-.058L1 14.02V9a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v2.584l2.793-2.791a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L4.414 13H7a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8 14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2ZM14 1l.081.003.12.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.031.062.034.081.024.076.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414l-2.96 2.96A1 1 0 1 1 8.626 5.96L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m20.707 12.728-7.99 7.98a.996.996 0 0 1-.561.281l-.157.011a.998.998 0 0 1-.788-.384l-7.918-7.908a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.416L11 17.576V4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v13.598l6.293-6.285a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.082l.095.083a1 1 0 0 1-.001 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 8.707 6 6 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.049.104.034.056.013.118.017L8 15l.076-.003.122-.017.113-.03.085-.032.063-.03.098-.058.06-.043.05-.043 6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L9 11.583V2a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v9.585L2.707 7.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.272 3.293-7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 0-.281.561L3 12.001c0 .32.15.605.384.788l7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 0 1.416-1.414L6.424 13H20a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H6.402l6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 0 .082-1.32l-.083-.095a1 1 0 0 0-1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m7.293 1.293-6 6-.059.063-.069.093-.048.081-.049.105-.034.104-.013.056-.017.118L1 8l.003.076.017.122.03.113.032.085.03.063.058.098.043.06.043.05 6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 0 1.414-1.414L4.417 9H14a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H4.415l4.292-4.293a1 1 0 0 0 .083-1.32l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.728 3.293 7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 1 .281.561l.011.157c0 .32-.15.605-.384.788l-7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 1-1.416-1.414L17.576 13H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h13.598l-6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 1-.082-1.32l.083-.095a1 1 0 0 1 1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m8.707 1.293 6 6 .059.063.069.093.048.081.049.105.034.104.013.056.017.118L15 8l-.003.076-.017.122-.03.113-.032.085-.03.063-.058.098-.043.06-.043.05-6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.583 9H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h9.585L7.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1-.083-1.32l.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3.293 11.272 7.99-7.98a.996.996 0 0 1 .561-.281L12.001 3c.32 0 .605.15.788.384l7.918 7.908a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.416L13 6.424V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.402l-6.293 6.285a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.082l-.095-.083a1 1 0 0 1 .001-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 7.293 6-6 .063-.059.093-.069.081-.048.105-.049.104-.034.056-.013.118-.017L8 1l.076.003.122.017.113.03.085.032.063.03.098.058.06.043.05.043 6.04 6.037a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L9 4.417V14a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.415L2.707 8.707a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-article-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8 7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM8 11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM7 16a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h8a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 18.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3H18.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v16.962c0 .293-.24.538-.546.538H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v12c0 1.16-.79 2.135-1.86 2.418l-.14.031V21h1a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L21 22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-15A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h12ZM17 18H6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-1.493 1.356L5 19.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 6.5 21H17v-3Zm1.5-15h-12A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5 4.5v11.837l.054-.025a3.481 3.481 0 0 1 1.254-.307L6.5 16h12a.5.5 0 0 0 .492-.41L19 15.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM15 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 3.786C1 2.759 1.857 2 2.82 2H6.18c.964 0 1.82.759 1.82 1.786V4h3.168c.668 0 1.298.364 1.616.938.158-.109.333-.195.523-.252l3.216-.965c.923-.277 1.962.204 2.257 1.187l4.146 13.82c.296.984-.307 1.957-1.23 2.234l-3.217.965c-.923.277-1.962-.203-2.257-1.187L13 10.005v10.21c0 1.04-.878 1.785-1.834 1.785H7.833c-.291 0-.575-.07-.83-.195A1.849 1.849 0 0 1 6.18 22H2.821C1.857 22 1 21.241 1 20.214V3.786ZM3 4v11h3V4H3Zm0 16v-3h3v3H3Zm15.075-.04-.814-2.712 2.874-.862.813 2.712-2.873.862Zm1.485-5.49-2.874.862-2.634-8.782 2.873-.862 2.635 8.782ZM8 20V6h3v14H8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-acceptance-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-.534 7.747a1 1 0 0 1 .094 1.412l-4.846 5.538a1 1 0 0 1-1.352.141l-2.77-2.076a1 1 0 0 1 1.2-1.6l2.027 1.519 4.236-4.84a1 1 0 0 1 1.411-.094ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-date-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM8 15a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm-4-4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-decision-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-2.935 8.246 2.686 2.645c.34.335.34.883 0 1.218l-2.686 2.645a.858.858 0 0 1-1.213-.009.854.854 0 0 1 .009-1.21l1.05-1.035H7.984a.992.992 0 0 1-.984-1c0-.552.44-1 .984-1h5.928l-1.051-1.036a.854.854 0 0 1-.085-1.121l.076-.088a.858.858 0 0 1 1.213-.009ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.2 6.924a.48.48 0 0 1 .125.544l-1.52 3.283h2.304c.27 0 .491.215.491.483a.477.477 0 0 1-.13.327l-4.18 4.484a.498.498 0 0 1-.69.031.48.48 0 0 1-.125-.544l1.52-3.284H9.291a.487.487 0 0 1-.491-.482c0-.121.047-.238.13-.327l4.18-4.484a.498.498 0 0 1 .69-.031ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-call-papers-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="m20.707 2.883-1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 0 1.414 1.414l1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414Z"/><path d="M6 16.054c0 2.026 1.052 2.943 3 2.943a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-2.996 0-5-1.746-5-4.943v-1.227a4.068 4.068 0 0 1-1.83-1.189 4.553 4.553 0 0 1-.87-1.455 4.868 4.868 0 0 1-.3-1.686c0-1.17.417-2.298 1.17-3.14.38-.426.834-.767 1.338-1 .51-.237 1.06-.36 1.617-.36L6.632 6H7l7.932-2.895A2.363 2.363 0 0 1 18 5.36v9.28a2.36 2.36 0 0 1-3.069 2.25l.084.03L7 14.997H6v1.057Zm9.637-11.057a.415.415 0 0 0-.083.008L8 7.638v5.536l7.424 1.786.104.02c.035.01.072.02.109.02.2 0 .363-.16.363-.36V5.36c0-.2-.163-.363-.363-.363Zm-9.638 3h-.874a1.82 1.82 0 0 0-.625.111l-.15.063a2.128 2.128 0 0 0-.689.517c-.42.47-.661 1.123-.661 1.81 0 .34.06.678.176.992.114.308.28.585.485.816.4.447.925.691 1.464.691h.874v-5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M20 8.997h2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2ZM20.707 14.293l1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-card-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385c-.213 0-.265.034-.317.14A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068h15.23c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM17 16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm-.5-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 18 7.5v3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-9A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 10.5v-3A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 6h9ZM16 8H8v2h8V8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cart-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5.76 1a1 1 0 0 1 .994.902L7.155 6h13.34c.18 0 .358.02.532.057l.174.045a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1.693 3.103l-2.069 7.03c-.36 1.099-1.398 1.823-2.49 1.763H8.65c-1.272.015-2.352-.927-2.546-2.244L4.852 3H2a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L1 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.76Zm2.328 14.51a.555.555 0 0 0 .55.488l9.751.001a.533.533 0 0 0 .527-.357l2.059-7a.5.5 0 0 0-.48-.642H7.351l.737 7.51ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm5.125 4.72a1 1 0 0 1 .156 1.405l-6 7.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.421.143l-3-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.28-1.536l2.217 1.846 5.362-6.703a1 1 0 0 1 1.406-.156Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm5.125 6.72a1 1 0 0 0-1.406.155l-5.362 6.703-2.217-1.846a1 1 0 1 0-1.28 1.536l3 2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.143l6-7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.155-1.406Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3.305 8.28a1 1 0 0 0-.024 1.415l7.495 7.762c.314.345.757.543 1.224.543.467 0 .91-.198 1.204-.522l7.515-7.783a1 1 0 1 0-1.438-1.39L12 15.845l-7.28-7.54A1 1 0 0 0 3.4 8.2l-.096.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 5.278a1 1 0 0 1 .03 1.414L9.103 11.51a1.491 1.491 0 0 1-2.188.019L2.278 6.692a1 1 0 0 1 1.444-1.384L8 9.771l4.278-4.463a1 1 0 0 1 1.318-.111l.096.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.72 3.305a1 1 0 0 0-1.415-.024l-7.762 7.495A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 6 12c0 .467.198.91.522 1.204l7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 0 1.39-1.438L8.155 12l7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 0 15.8 3.4l-.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M10.722 2.308a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-.03L4.49 6.897a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-.019 2.188l4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 0 1.384-1.444L6.229 8l4.463-4.278a1 1 0 0 0 .111-1.318l-.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28 3.305a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.024l7.762 7.495c.345.314.543.757.543 1.224 0 .467-.198.91-.522 1.204l-7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 1-1.39-1.438L15.845 12l-7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 1 8.2 3.4l.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5.278 2.308a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.03l4.819 4.619a1.491 1.491 0 0 1 .019 2.188l-4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 1-1.384-1.444L9.771 8 5.308 3.722a1 1 0 0 1-.111-1.318l.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.695 15.72a1 1 0 0 0 .024-1.415l-7.495-7.762A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 12 6c-.467 0-.91.198-1.204.522l-7.515 7.783a1 1 0 1 0 1.438 1.39L12 8.155l7.28 7.54a1 1 0 0 0 1.319.106l.096-.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 10.722a1 1 0 0 0 .03-1.414L9.103 4.49a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-2.188-.019L2.278 9.308a1 1 0 0 0 1.444 1.384L8 6.229l4.278 4.463a1 1 0 0 0 1.318.111l.096-.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-citations-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742h-5.843a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h5.843a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM5.483 14.35c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Zm5 0c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-1.909 4.205a1 1 0 0 1 .19 1.401l-5.334 7a1 1 0 0 1-1.344.23l-2.667-1.75a1 1 0 1 1 1.098-1.672l1.887 1.238 4.769-6.258a1 1 0 0 1 1.401-.19ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-2.658 10.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857Zm0-3.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-close-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM8.707 7.293 12 10.585l3.293-3.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414L13.415 12l3.292 3.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L12 13.415l-3.293 3.292a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414L10.585 12 7.293 8.707a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cloud-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.852 10.011.028-.004L13 10l.075.003.126.017.086.022.136.052.098.052.104.074.082.073 3 3a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L14 13.416V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l3-3 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Zm.587-7.962c3.065.362 5.497 2.662 5.992 5.562l.013.085.207.073c2.117.782 3.496 2.845 3.337 5.097l-.022.226c-.297 2.561-2.503 4.491-5.124 4.502a1 1 0 1 1-.009-2c1.619-.007 2.967-1.186 3.147-2.733.179-1.542-.86-2.979-2.487-3.353-.512-.149-.894-.579-.981-1.165-.21-2.237-2-4.035-4.308-4.308-2.31-.273-4.497 1.06-5.25 3.19l-.049.113c-.234.468-.718.756-1.176.743-1.418.057-2.689.857-3.32 2.084a3.668 3.668 0 0 0 .262 3.798c.796 1.136 2.169 1.764 3.583 1.635a1 1 0 1 1 .182 1.992c-2.125.194-4.193-.753-5.403-2.48a5.668 5.668 0 0 1-.403-5.86c.85-1.652 2.449-2.79 4.323-3.092l.287-.039.013-.028c1.207-2.741 4.125-4.404 7.186-4.042Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-collection-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v12.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h11.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.5-5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 18 4.5v12a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 16.5v-12A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 2h11Zm0 2h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM13 13a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm0-3.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6ZM13 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-conference-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2 4.5v11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.5 18h2.37l-2.534 2.253a1 1 0 0 0 1.328 1.494L9.88 18H11v3a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3h1.12l4.216 3.747a1 1 0 0 0 1.328-1.494L17.13 18h2.37a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19.5 2h-15ZM20 6V4.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-15a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h16ZM4 8v7.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-delivery-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.51 20.598a3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 4.161 19L3.5 19A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1 16.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.5 3h10a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.45 2.004L16 5h2.527c.976 0 1.855.585 2.27 1.49l2.112 4.62a1 1 0 0 1 .091.416v4.856C23 17.814 21.889 19 20.484 19h-.523a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.121-.007 2.96 2.96 0 0 1-1.33 1.605 3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 14.161 19H9.838a2.968 2.968 0 0 1-1.327 1.597Zm-2.024-3.462a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73L5.999 18l.001.022a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0A.97.97 0 0 0 8 17.978a.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0Zm10 0a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73l-.005.156a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0a.97.97 0 0 0 .486-.886.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0ZM21 12h-5v3.17a3.038 3.038 0 0 1 2.51.232 2.993 2.993 0 0 1 1.277 1.45l.058.155.058-.005.581-.002c.27 0 .516-.263.516-.618V12Zm-7.5-7h-10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h.662a2.964 2.964 0 0 1 1.155-1.491l.172-.107a3.037 3.037 0 0 1 3.022 0A2.987 2.987 0 0 1 9.843 17H13.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Zm5.027 2H16v3h4.203l-1.224-2.677a.532.532 0 0 0-.375-.316L18.527 7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 18.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5h-13A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 2 18.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5.5 20h13a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.5-1.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5Zm-3.293-7.793-6 6-.063.059-.093.069-.081.048-.105.049-.104.034-.056.013-.118.017L12 17l-.076-.003-.122-.017-.113-.03-.085-.032-.063-.03-.098-.058-.06-.043-.05-.043-6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.294 4.29L11 3a1 1 0 0 1 2 0l.001 10.585 4.292-4.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.149 2a2.38 2.38 0 0 1 1.699.711l2.446 2.46a2.384 2.384 0 0 1 .005 3.38L10.01 19.906a1 1 0 0 1-.434.257l-6.3 1.8a1 1 0 0 1-1.237-1.237l1.8-6.3a1 1 0 0 1 .257-.434L15.443 2.718A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 17.15 2Zm-3.874 5.689-7.586 7.536-1.234 4.319 4.318-1.234 7.54-7.582-3.038-3.039ZM17.149 4a.395.395 0 0 0-.286.126L14.695 6.28l3.029 3.029 2.162-2.173a.384.384 0 0 0 .106-.197L20 6.864c0-.103-.04-.2-.119-.278l-2.457-2.47A.385.385 0 0 0 17.149 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-education-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.41 2.088a1 1 0 0 0-.82 0l-10 4.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.824L3 9.047v7.124A3.001 3.001 0 0 0 4 22a3 3 0 0 0 1-5.83V9.948l1 .45V14.5a1 1 0 0 0 .087.408L7 14.5c-.913.408-.912.41-.912.41l.001.003.003.006.007.015a1.988 1.988 0 0 0 .083.16c.054.097.131.225.236.373.21.297.53.68.993 1.057C8.351 17.292 9.824 18 12 18c2.176 0 3.65-.707 4.589-1.476.463-.378.783-.76.993-1.057a4.162 4.162 0 0 0 .319-.533l.007-.015.003-.006v-.003h.002s0-.002-.913-.41l.913.408A1 1 0 0 0 18 14.5v-4.103l4.41-1.985a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.824l-10-4.5ZM16 11.297l-3.59 1.615a1 1 0 0 1-.82 0L8 11.297v2.94a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677.739C9.267 15.457 10.294 16 12 16s2.734-.543 3.323-1.024a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677-.739v-2.94ZM4.437 7.5 12 4.097 19.563 7.5 12 10.903 4.437 7.5ZM3 19a1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1-2 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-diamond-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008Zm0 2a.646.646 0 0 0-.38.123l-.093.08-8.34 8.34a.646.646 0 0 0-.18.355L3 12c0 .171.068.336.19.457l8.353 8.354a.646.646 0 0 0 .914 0l8.354-8.354a.646.646 0 0 0-.001-.914l-8.351-8.354A.646.646 0 0 0 12.002 3ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H4.6c-.371 0-.6.209-.6.5v15c0 .291.229.5.6.5h14.8c.371 0 .6-.209.6-.5V15a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4.5c0 1.438-1.162 2.5-2.6 2.5H4.6C3.162 22 2 20.938 2 19.5v-15C2 3.062 3.162 2 4.6 2H9Zm6 0h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L22 3v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V5.414l-6.693 6.693a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L18.584 4H15a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L14 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5 1a1 1 0 1 1 0 2l-2-.001V13L13 13v-2a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v2c0 1.15-.93 2-2.067 2H3.067C1.93 15 1 14.15 1 13V3c0-1.15.93-2 2.067-2H5Zm4 0h5l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08.044.047.073.093.051.083.054.113.035.105.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414L9.107 8.307a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.585l2.293-2.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-4 4a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.112.097l-.11.071-.114.054-.105.035-.149.03L12 18l-.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08-4-4a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414L11 14.585V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H5.545c-.674 0-1.32-.267-1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .142.057.278.158.379.102.102.242.159.387.159h12.91a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-4.793-6.207L13 9.585l1.793-1.792a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.5 2.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0L10.5 9.915l-1.793 1.792a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l2.5-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-text-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 15a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-5-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3Zm-2.233 4.011.058-.007L12 7l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 4 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L13 10.415V17a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.585l-2.293 2.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l4-4 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-filter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 2a1 1 0 0 1 .82 1.573L15 13.314V18a1 1 0 0 1-.31.724l-.09.076-4 3A1 1 0 0 1 9 21v-7.684L2.18 3.573a1 1 0 0 1 .707-1.567L3 2h18Zm-1.921 2H4.92l5.9 8.427a1 1 0 0 1 .172.45L11 13v6l2-1.5V13a1 1 0 0 1 .117-.469l.064-.104L19.079 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-funding-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8A7 7 0 1 0 9 8a7 7 0 0 0 14 0ZM9.006 12.225A4.07 4.07 0 0 0 6.12 11.02H2a.979.979 0 1 0 0 1.958h4.12c.558 0 1.094.222 1.489.617l2.207 2.288c.27.27.27.687.012.944a.656.656 0 0 1-.928 0L7.744 15.67a.98.98 0 0 0-1.386 1.384l1.157 1.158c.535.536 1.244.791 1.946.765l.041.002h6.922c.874 0 1.597.748 1.597 1.688 0 .203-.146.354-.309.354H7.755c-.487 0-.96-.178-1.339-.504L2.64 17.259a.979.979 0 0 0-1.28 1.482L5.137 22c.733.631 1.66.979 2.618.979h9.957c1.26 0 2.267-1.043 2.267-2.312 0-2.006-1.584-3.646-3.555-3.646h-4.529a2.617 2.617 0 0 0-.681-2.509l-2.208-2.287ZM16 3a5 5 0 1 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0-10Zm.979 3.5a.979.979 0 1 0-1.958 0v3a.979.979 0 1 0 1.958 0v-3Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-hashtag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM9.52 18.189a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274H6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.378l.592-3.076H6a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3.354l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.437 2.272h3.04l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.438 2.272H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1.917l-.592 3.076H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-2.893l-.51 2.652a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274h-3.04l-.51 2.652Zm.895-4.652h3.04l.591-3.076h-3.04l-.591 3.076Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-home-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-8.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l10-10a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l10 10a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L20 12.415V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5Zm7-17.585-6 5.999V20h5v-4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4h5v-9.585l-6-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-image-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 22 4.385v15.23A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 19.615 22H4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 2 19.615V4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.172.385.385.385h1.244l10.228-8.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.254-.037L20 13.392V4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 19.615 4Zm-3.07 9.283L8.703 20h10.912a.385.385 0 0 0 .385-.385v-3.713l-3.455-2.619ZM9.5 6a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.49 2.672c.74.694.986 1.765.632 2.712l-.04.1-1.549 3.54h1.477a2.496 2.496 0 0 1 2.485 2.34l.005.163c0 .618-.23 1.21-.642 1.675l-7.147 7.961a2.48 2.48 0 0 1-3.554.165 2.512 2.512 0 0 1-.633-2.712l.042-.103L9.108 15H7.46c-1.393 0-2.379-1.11-2.455-2.369L5 12.473c0-.593.142-1.145.628-1.692l7.307-7.944a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 3.555-.165ZM14.43 4.164l-7.33 7.97c-.083.093-.101.214-.101.34 0 .277.19.526.46.526h4.163l.097-.009c.015 0 .03.003.046.009.181.078.264.32.186.5l-2.554 5.817a.512.512 0 0 0 .127.552.48.48 0 0 0 .69-.033l7.155-7.97a.513.513 0 0 0 .13-.34.497.497 0 0 0-.49-.502h-3.988a.355.355 0 0 1-.328-.497l2.555-5.844a.512.512 0 0 0-.127-.552.48.48 0 0 0-.69.033Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h1.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-5a1 1 0 0 1 0-2H11v-4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L9.5 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H12Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 8.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 9h-1.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1l.007.117A1 1 0 0 0 10.5 12h.5v4H9.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h5a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H13v-5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 5.5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-journal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v14a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13a.5.5 0 1 0 0 1H20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 20.5v-17A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 1h13ZM7 3H5.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v14.549l.016-.002c.104-.02.211-.035.32-.042L5.5 18H7V3Zm11.5 0H9v15h9.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM16 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Zm-1 2h-3v2h3V7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.462 3C21.875 3 23 4.184 23 5.619v12.762C23 19.816 21.875 21 20.462 21H3.538C2.125 21 1 19.816 1 18.381V5.619C1 4.184 2.125 3 3.538 3h16.924ZM21 8.158l-7.378 6.258a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-3.253-.008L3 8.16v10.222c0 .353.253.619.538.619h16.924c.285 0 .538-.266.538-.619V8.158ZM20.462 5H3.538c-.264 0-.5.228-.534.542l8.65 7.334c.2.165.492.165.684.007l8.656-7.342-.001-.025c-.044-.3-.274-.516-.531-.516Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-send-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.444 5a2.562 2.562 0 0 1 2.548 2.37l.007.078.001.123v7.858A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 20.444 18H9.556A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 7 15.429l.001-7.977.007-.082A2.561 2.561 0 0 1 9.556 5h10.888ZM21 9.331l-5.46 3.51a1 1 0 0 1-1.08 0L9 9.332v6.097c0 .317.251.571.556.571h10.888a.564.564 0 0 0 .556-.571V9.33ZM20.444 7H9.556a.543.543 0 0 0-.32.105l5.763 3.706 5.766-3.706a.543.543 0 0 0-.32-.105ZM4.308 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mentions-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m9.452 1.293 5.92 5.92 2.92-2.92a1 1 0 0 1 1.415 1.414l-2.92 2.92 5.92 5.92a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415 10.371 10.371 0 0 1-10.378 2.584l.652 3.258A1 1 0 0 1 12 23H2a1 1 0 0 1-.874-1.486l4.789-8.62C4.194 9.074 4.9 4.43 8.038 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Zm-2.355 13.59L3.699 21h7.081l-.689-3.442a10.392 10.392 0 0 1-2.775-2.396l-.22-.28Zm1.69-11.427-.07.09a8.374 8.374 0 0 0 11.737 11.737l.089-.071L8.787 3.456Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-menu-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h18Zm-4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h14Zm4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-metrics-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7h4V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-.883.993L21 22H3Zm17-2V9h-4v11h4Zm-6-8h-4v8h4v-8ZM8 4H4v16h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-news-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.384 3c.975 0 1.77.787 1.77 1.762v13.333c0 .462.354.846.815.899l.107.006.109-.006a.915.915 0 0 0 .809-.794l.006-.105V8.19a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v9.905A2.914 2.914 0 0 1 20.077 21H3.538a2.547 2.547 0 0 1-1.644-.601l-.147-.135A2.516 2.516 0 0 1 1 18.476V4.762C1 3.787 1.794 3 2.77 3h14.614Zm-.231 2H3v13.476c0 .11.035.216.1.304l.054.063c.101.1.24.157.384.157l13.761-.001-.026-.078a2.88 2.88 0 0 1-.115-.655l-.004-.17L17.153 5ZM14 15.021a.979.979 0 1 1 0 1.958H6a.979.979 0 1 1 0-1.958h8Zm0-8c.54 0 .979.438.979.979v4c0 .54-.438.979-.979.979H6A.979.979 0 0 1 5.021 12V8c0-.54.438-.979.979-.979h8Zm-.98 1.958H6.979v2.041h6.041V8.979Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-newsletter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v9.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 20.5V11a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.439l8 4.888 8-4.889V11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-1 3.783-7.479 4.57a1 1 0 0 1-1.042 0l-7.48-4.57V20.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .501.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.717ZM15 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm2.5-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 20 3.5V9a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h11ZM15 5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-notifcation-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM3 18l-.133-.007c-1.156-.124-1.156-1.862 0-1.986l.3-.012C4.32 15.923 5 15.107 5 14V9.5C5 5.368 8.014 2 12 2s7 3.368 7 7.5V14c0 1.107.68 1.923 1.832 1.995l.301.012c1.156.124 1.156 1.862 0 1.986L21 18H3Zm9-14C9.17 4 7 6.426 7 9.5V14c0 .671-.146 1.303-.416 1.858L6.51 16h10.979l-.073-.142a4.192 4.192 0 0 1-.412-1.658L17 14V9.5C17 6.426 14.83 4 12 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-publish-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M16.296 1.291A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V13a1 1 0 1 0 2 0V3.538l.007-.087A.543.543 0 0 1 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.534.534 0 0 1-.158.379.548.548 0 0 1-.387.159H11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8.455c.674 0 1.32-.267 1.798-.742A2.534 2.534 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385Z"/><path d="M10.762 16.647a1 1 0 0 0-1.525-1.294l-4.472 5.271-2.153-1.665a1 1 0 1 0-1.224 1.582l2.91 2.25a1 1 0 0 0 1.374-.144l5.09-6ZM16 10a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h8ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h3a1 1 0 0 0 1-1Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-refresh-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7.831 5.636H6.032A8.76 8.76 0 0 1 9 3.631 8.549 8.549 0 0 1 12.232 3c.603 0 1.192.063 1.76.182C17.979 4.017 21 7.632 21 12a1 1 0 1 0 2 0c0-5.296-3.674-9.746-8.591-10.776A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5 3.851V2.805a1 1 0 0 0-.987-1H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3.831a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3.831a1 1 0 0 0 .013-2h-.013ZM17.968 18.364c-1.59 1.632-3.784 2.636-6.2 2.636C6.948 21 3 16.993 3 12a1 1 0 1 0-2 0c0 6.053 4.799 11 10.768 11 2.788 0 5.324-1.082 7.232-2.85v1.045a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3.831a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-3.831a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.799Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 1c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10 0 2.4-.846 4.604-2.256 6.328l3.963 3.965a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.965-3.963A9.959 9.959 0 0 1 11 21C5.477 21 1 16.523 1 11S5.477 1 11 1Zm0 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-settings-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.382 1h1.24a2.508 2.508 0 0 1 2.334 1.63l.523 1.378 1.59.933 1.444-.224c.954-.132 1.89.3 2.422 1.101l.095.155.598 1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-.195 2.848l-.894 1.161v1.896l.92 1.163c.6.768.707 1.812.295 2.674l-.09.17-.606 1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1-2.531 1.25l-1.428-.223-1.589.932-.523 1.378a2.512 2.512 0 0 1-2.155 1.625L12.65 23h-1.27a2.508 2.508 0 0 1-2.334-1.63l-.524-1.379-1.59-.933-1.443.225c-.954.132-1.89-.3-2.422-1.101l-.095-.155-.598-1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1 .195-2.847l.891-1.161v-1.898l-.919-1.162a2.562 2.562 0 0 1-.295-2.674l.09-.17.606-1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1 2.531-1.25l1.43.223 1.618-.938.524-1.375.07-.167A2.507 2.507 0 0 1 11.382 1Zm.003 2a.509.509 0 0 0-.47.338l-.65 1.71a1 1 0 0 1-.434.51L7.6 6.85a1 1 0 0 1-.655.123l-1.762-.275a.497.497 0 0 0-.498.252l-.61 1.088a.562.562 0 0 0 .04.619l1.13 1.43a1 1 0 0 1 .216.62v2.585a1 1 0 0 1-.207.61L4.15 15.339a.568.568 0 0 0-.036.634l.601 1.072a.494.494 0 0 0 .484.26l1.78-.278a1 1 0 0 1 .66.126l2.2 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .43.507l.648 1.71a.508.508 0 0 0 .467.338h1.263a.51.51 0 0 0 .47-.34l.65-1.708a1 1 0 0 1 .428-.507l2.201-1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .66-.126l1.763.275a.497.497 0 0 0 .498-.252l.61-1.088a.562.562 0 0 0-.04-.619l-1.13-1.43a1 1 0 0 1-.216-.62v-2.585a1 1 0 0 1 .207-.61l1.105-1.437a.568.568 0 0 0 .037-.634l-.601-1.072a.494.494 0 0 0-.484-.26l-1.78.278a1 1 0 0 1-.66-.126l-2.2-1.292a1 1 0 0 1-.43-.507l-.649-1.71A.508.508 0 0 0 12.62 3h-1.234ZM12 8a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-shipping-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.515 2c1.406 0 2.706.728 3.352 1.902l2.02 3.635.02.042.036.089.031.105.012.058.01.073.004.075v11.577c0 .64-.244 1.255-.683 1.713a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.701.731H4.386a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.702-.731 2.476 2.476 0 0 1-.683-1.713V7.948c.01-.217.083-.43.22-.6L4.2 3.905C4.833 2.755 6.089 2.032 7.486 2h9.029ZM20 9H4v10.556a.49.49 0 0 0 .075.26l.053.07a.356.356 0 0 0 .257.114h15.23c.094 0 .186-.04.258-.115a.477.477 0 0 0 .127-.33V9Zm-2 7.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM16.514 4H13v3h6.3l-1.183-2.13c-.288-.522-.908-.87-1.603-.87ZM11 3.999H7.51c-.679.017-1.277.36-1.566.887L4.728 7H11V3.999Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-step-guide-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.394 9.447a1 1 0 1 0-1.788-.894l-.88 1.759-.019-.02a1 1 0 1 0-1.414 1.415l1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1.601-.26l1.5-3ZM12 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM12 17a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM10.947 14.105a1 1 0 0 1 .447 1.342l-1.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1.601.26l-1-1a1 1 0 1 1 1.414-1.414l.02.019.879-1.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.341-.447Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.293-.707l-5.5-5.5A1 1 0 0 0 14.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h8.54L19 7.914v12.547c0 .294-.24.539-.546.539H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-submission-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.535.535 0 0 1-.158.379.549.549 0 0 1-.387.159H6a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-2.5a1 1 0 1 0-2 0V20a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h13.455c.673 0 1.32-.266 1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V7a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V3.538Z"/><path d="m13.707 13.707-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 .083-1.32L10.585 14 2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2l8.583.001-2.29-2.294a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.037 4.04.043.05.043.06.059.098.03.063.031.085.03.113.017.122L14 13l-.004.087-.017.118-.013.056-.034.104-.049.105-.048.081-.07.093-.058.063Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-1-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.385 22a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385ZM4 19.615c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068H8v-4H4v3.615ZM20 16H10v4h9.615c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V16Zm0-2v-4H10v4h10ZM4 14h4v-4H4v4ZM19.615 4H10v4h10V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM8 4H4.385l-.082.002c-.146.01-.19.047-.235.138A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385V8h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-2-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.384 22A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 2 19.616V4.384A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 4.384 2h15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 22 4.384v15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 19.616 22H4.384ZM10 15H4v4.616c0 .212.172.384.384.384H10v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h3v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h2.616a.384.384 0 0 0 .384-.384V15ZM10 9H4v4h6V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm-.384-5H4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 4 4.384V7h16V4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 19.616 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-tag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.621 1.998.127.004L20.496 2a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.497 1.355L22 3.5l-.005 7.669c.038.456-.133.905-.447 1.206l-9.02 9.018a2.075 2.075 0 0 1-2.932 0l-6.99-6.99a2.075 2.075 0 0 1 .001-2.933L11.61 2.47c.246-.258.573-.418.881-.46l.131-.011Zm.286 2-8.885 8.886a.075.075 0 0 0 0 .106l6.987 6.988c.03.03.077.03.106 0l8.883-8.883L19.999 4l-7.092-.002ZM16 6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L16 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-trash-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c2.717 0 4.913 2.232 4.997 5H21a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1v12.5c0 1.389-1.152 2.5-2.556 2.5H6.556C5.152 23 4 21.889 4 20.5V8H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4.003l.001-.051C7.114 3.205 9.3 1 12 1Zm6 7H6v12.5c0 .238.19.448.454.492l.102.008h10.888c.315 0 .556-.232.556-.5V8Zm-4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.005a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V12a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-4 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm2-8c-1.595 0-2.914 1.32-2.996 3h5.991v-.02C14.903 4.31 13.589 3 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-account-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 16c-1.806 0-3.52.994-4.664 2.698A8.947 8.947 0 0 0 12 21a8.958 8.958 0 0 0 4.664-1.301C15.52 17.994 13.806 17 12 17Zm0-14a9 9 0 0 0-6.25 15.476C7.253 16.304 9.54 15 12 15s4.747 1.304 6.25 3.475A9 9 0 0 0 12 3Zm0 3a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-add-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3h3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-3h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-assign-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.226 13.298a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.01l.084.093a1 1 0 0 1-.073 1.32L15.39 17H22a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-6.611l2.262 2.298a1 1 0 0 1-1.425 1.404l-3.939-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.404l3.94-4Zm-3.771-.449a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 10.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-block-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM15 18a3 3 0 0 0 4.294 2.707l-4.001-4c-.188.391-.293.83-.293 1.293Zm3-3c-.463 0-.902.105-1.294.293l4.001 4A3 3 0 0 0 18 15Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm13.647 12.237a1 1 0 0 1 .116 1.41l-5.091 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.375.144l-2.909-2.25a1 1 0 1 1 1.224-1.582l2.153 1.665 4.472-5.271a1 1 0 0 1 1.41-.116Zm-8.139-.977c.22.214.428.44.622.678a1 1 0 1 1-1.548 1.266 6.025 6.025 0 0 0-1.795-1.49.86.86 0 0 1-.163-.048l-.079-.036a5.721 5.721 0 0 0-2.62-.63l-.194.006c-2.76.134-5.022 2.177-5.592 4.864l-.035.175-.035.213c-.03.201-.05.405-.06.61L3.003 20 10 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876l.005-.223.02-.356.02-.222.03-.248.022-.15c.02-.133.044-.265.071-.397.44-2.178 1.725-4.105 3.595-5.301a7.75 7.75 0 0 1 3.755-1.215l.12-.004a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-delete-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6ZM4.763 13.227a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378 1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20H11.5a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897Zm11.421 1.543 2.554 2.553 2.555-2.553a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-2.554 2.554 2.554 2.555a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-2.555-2.554-2.554 2.554a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414l2.553-2.555-2.553-2.554a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.876 10.77 2.831 2.83a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415l-7.246 7.246a1 1 0 0 1-.572.284l-3.277.446a1 1 0 0 1-1.125-1.13l.461-3.277a1 1 0 0 1 .283-.567l7.23-7.246a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.001Zm-7.421 2.08a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 7.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Zm6.715.042-6.29 6.3-.23 1.639 1.633-.222 6.302-6.302-1.415-1.415ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-linked-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.65 6c.31 0 .706.066 1.122.274C17.522 6.65 18 7.366 18 8.35v12.3c0 .31-.066.706-.274 1.122-.375.75-1.092 1.228-2.076 1.228H3.35a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-1.122-.274C1.478 22.35 1 21.634 1 20.65V8.35c0-.31.066-.706.274-1.122C1.65 6.478 2.366 6 3.35 6h12.3Zm0 2-12.376.002c-.134.007-.17.04-.21.12A.672.672 0 0 0 3 8.35v12.3c0 .198.028.24.122.287.09.044.2.063.228.063h.887c.788-2.269 2.814-3.5 5.263-3.5 2.45 0 4.475 1.231 5.263 3.5h.887c.198 0 .24-.028.287-.122.044-.09.063-.2.063-.228V8.35c0-.198-.028-.24-.122-.287A.672.672 0 0 0 15.65 8ZM9.5 19.5c-1.36 0-2.447.51-3.06 1.5h6.12c-.613-.99-1.7-1.5-3.06-1.5ZM20.65 1A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 23 3.348V15.65A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 20.65 18H20a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h.65a.35.35 0 0 0 .35-.35V3.348A.35.35 0 0 0 20.65 3H8.35a.35.35 0 0 0-.35.348V4a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.652A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 8.35 1h12.3ZM9.5 10a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-multiple-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm6 0a5 5 0 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 0 1-.117-1.993L15 9a3 3 0 0 0 0-6 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM9 3a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm8.857 9.545a7.99 7.99 0 0 1 2.651 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 23 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h1.995l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209a5.99 5.99 0 0 0-1.988-1.287 1 1 0 1 1 .732-1.861Zm-3.349 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 17 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.877c.044-4.343 3.387-7.908 7.638-8.115a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252ZM9.016 14l-.285.006c-3.104.15-5.58 2.718-5.725 5.9L3.004 20h11.991l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209A5.924 5.924 0 0 0 9.3 14.008L9.016 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-notify-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm10 18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2v-2.818C14 13.885 15.777 12 18 12s4 1.885 4 4.182V19a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3Zm-6.545-8.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM18 14c-1.091 0-2 .964-2 2.182V19h4v-2.818c0-1.165-.832-2.098-1.859-2.177L18 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-remove-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm3.455 9.85a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM22 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-single-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm-.406 9.008a8.965 8.965 0 0 1 6.596 2.494A9.161 9.161 0 0 1 21 21.025V22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.985c.05-4.825 3.815-8.777 8.594-9.007Zm.39 1.992-.299.006c-3.63.175-6.518 3.127-6.678 6.775L5 21h13.998l-.009-.268a7.157 7.157 0 0 0-1.97-4.573l-.214-.213A6.967 6.967 0 0 0 11.984 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 11.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 13.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.7194 3.3054C15.3358 2.90809 14.7027 2.89699 14.3054 3.28061L6.54342 10.7757C6.19804 11.09 6 11.5335 6 12C6 12.4665 6.19804 12.91 6.5218 13.204L14.3054 20.7194C14.7027 21.103 15.3358 21.0919 15.7194 20.6946C16.103 20.2973 16.0919 19.6642 15.6946 19.2806L8.155 12L15.6946 4.71939C16.0614 4.36528 16.099 3.79863 15.8009 3.40105L15.7194 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28061 3.3054C8.66423 2.90809 9.29729 2.89699 9.6946 3.28061L17.4566 10.7757C17.802 11.09 18 11.5335 18 12C18 12.4665 17.802 12.91 17.4782 13.204L9.6946 20.7194C9.29729 21.103 8.66423 21.0919 8.28061 20.6946C7.89699 20.2973 7.90809 19.6642 8.3054 19.2806L15.845 12L8.3054 4.71939C7.93865 4.36528 7.90098 3.79863 8.19908 3.40105L8.28061 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-alerts" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 12.667c.736 0 1.333.597 1.333 1.333v13.333A3.333 3.333 0 0 1 26 30.667H6a3.333 3.333 0 0 1-3.333-3.334V14a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 2.666 0v1.252L16 21.769l10.667-6.518V14c0-.736.597-1.333 1.333-1.333Zm-1.333 5.71-9.972 6.094c-.427.26-.963.26-1.39 0l-9.972-6.094v8.956c0 .368.299.667.667.667h20a.667.667 0 0 0 .667-.667v-8.956ZM19.333 12a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0 2.667h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.667h6.666Zm4-10.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334 3.334v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667A.667.667 0 0 0 23.333 4H8.667A.667.667 0 0 0 8 4.667v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334-3.334h14.666Zm-4 5.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 0 2.666h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.666h6.666Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m13.002 7.408 4.88 4.88a.99.99 0 0 0 1.32.08l.09-.08c.39-.39.39-1.03 0-1.42l-6.58-6.58a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-1.42 0l-6.58 6.58a1 1 0 0 0-.09 1.32l.08.1a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.01l4.88-4.87v11.59a.99.99 0 0 0 .88.99l.12.01c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7.408z" class="layer"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-checklist" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M19.2 1.333a3.468 3.468 0 0 1 3.381 2.699L24.667 4C26.515 4 28 5.52 28 7.38v19.906c0 1.86-1.485 3.38-3.333 3.38H7.333c-1.848 0-3.333-1.52-3.333-3.38V7.38C4 5.52 5.485 4 7.333 4h2.093A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 12.8 1.333h6.4ZM9.426 6.667H7.333c-.36 0-.666.312-.666.713v19.906c0 .401.305.714.666.714h17.334c.36 0 .666-.313.666-.714V7.38c0-.4-.305-.713-.646-.714l-2.121.033A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 19.2 9.333h-6.4a3.468 3.468 0 0 1-3.374-2.666Zm12.715 5.606c.586.446.7 1.283.253 1.868l-7.111 9.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1-1.792.306l-3.556-2.333a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 1.463-2.23l2.517 1.651 6.358-8.344a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 1.868-.252ZM19.2 4h-6.4a.8.8 0 0 0-.8.8v1.067a.8.8 0 0 0 .8.8h6.4a.8.8 0 0 0 .8-.8V4.8a.8.8 0 0 0-.8-.8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-citation" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="M23.25 1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.06.44l8.25 8.25a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .44 1.06v19.5c0 2.105-1.645 3.75-3.75 3.75H18a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3h11.25c.448 0 .75-.302.75-.75V11.873L22.628 4.5H8.31a.811.811 0 0 0-.8.68l-.011.13V16.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5.31A3.81 3.81 0 0 1 8.31 1.5h14.94ZM8.223 20.358a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878C3.302 28.536 3 27.657 3 26.486c0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Zm7.5 0a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878-.604-.586-.906-1.465-.906-2.636 0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-access-indicator" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><circle cx="4.5" cy="11.5" r="3.5" style="fill:currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702v7.846c0 .505-.197.993-.554 1.354a1.902 1.902 0 0 1-1.355.569H10a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2V5.64L9.4 3H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#222"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-github-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 11.964844 0 C 5.347656 0 0 5.269531 0 11.792969 C 0 17.003906 3.425781 21.417969 8.179688 22.976562 C 8.773438 23.09375 8.992188 22.722656 8.992188 22.410156 C 8.992188 22.136719 8.972656 21.203125 8.972656 20.226562 C 5.644531 20.929688 4.953125 18.820312 4.953125 18.820312 C 4.417969 17.453125 3.625 17.101562 3.625 17.101562 C 2.535156 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 C 4.914062 16.457031 5.546875 17.589844 5.546875 17.589844 C 6.617188 19.386719 8.339844 18.878906 9.03125 18.566406 C 9.132812 17.804688 9.449219 17.277344 9.785156 16.984375 C 7.132812 16.710938 4.339844 15.695312 4.339844 11.167969 C 4.339844 9.878906 4.8125 8.824219 5.566406 8.003906 C 5.445312 7.710938 5.03125 6.5 5.683594 4.878906 C 5.683594 4.878906 6.695312 4.566406 8.972656 6.089844 C 9.949219 5.832031 10.953125 5.703125 11.964844 5.699219 C 12.972656 5.699219 14.003906 5.835938 14.957031 6.089844 C 17.234375 4.566406 18.242188 4.878906 18.242188 4.878906 C 18.898438 6.5 18.480469 7.710938 18.363281 8.003906 C 19.136719 8.824219 19.589844 9.878906 19.589844 11.167969 C 19.589844 15.695312 16.796875 16.691406 14.125 16.984375 C 14.558594 17.355469 14.933594 18.058594 14.933594 19.171875 C 14.933594 20.753906 14.914062 22.019531 14.914062 22.410156 C 14.914062 22.722656 15.132812 23.09375 15.726562 22.976562 C 20.480469 21.414062 23.910156 17.003906 23.910156 11.792969 C 23.929688 5.269531 18.558594 0 11.964844 0 Z M 11.964844 0 "/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-limited-access" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702V6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.36L9.4 3H4ZM3 8a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm10 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.5 6a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h1a1 1 0 0 1 1 1Zm2.441-1a1 1 0 0 1 2 0c0 .73-.246 1.306-.706 1.664a1.61 1.61 0 0 1-.876.334l-.032.002H11.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h.441ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 0-2 0c0 .73.247 1.306.706 1.664a1.609 1.609 0 0 0 .876.334l.032.002H4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-subjects-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g id="icon-subjects-copy" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M13.3846154,2 C14.7015971,2 15.7692308,3.06762994 15.7692308,4.38461538 L15.7692308,7.15384615 C15.7692308,8.47082629 14.7015955,9.53846154 13.3846154,9.53846154 L13.1038388,9.53925278 C13.2061091,9.85347965 13.3815528,10.1423885 13.6195822,10.3804178 C13.9722182,10.7330539 14.436524,10.9483278 14.9293854,10.9918129 L15.1153846,11 C16.2068332,11 17.2535347,11.433562 18.0254647,12.2054189 C18.6411944,12.8212361 19.0416785,13.6120766 19.1784166,14.4609738 L19.6153846,14.4615385 C20.932386,14.4615385 22,15.5291672 22,16.8461538 L22,19.6153846 C22,20.9323924 20.9323924,22 19.6153846,22 L16.8461538,22 C15.5291672,22 14.4615385,20.932386 14.4615385,19.6153846 L14.4615385,16.8461538 C14.4615385,15.5291737 15.5291737,14.4615385 16.8461538,14.4615385 L17.126925,14.460779 C17.0246537,14.1465537 16.8492179,13.857633 16.6112344,13.6196157 C16.2144418,13.2228606 15.6764136,13 15.1153846,13 C14.0239122,13 12.9771569,12.5664197 12.2053686,11.7946314 C12.1335167,11.7227795 12.0645962,11.6485444 11.9986839,11.5721119 C11.9354038,11.6485444 11.8664833,11.7227795 11.7946314,11.7946314 C11.0228431,12.5664197 9.97608778,13 8.88461538,13 C8.323576,13 7.78552852,13.2228666 7.38881294,13.6195822 C7.15078359,13.8576115 6.97533988,14.1465203 6.8730696,14.4607472 L7.15384615,14.4615385 C8.47082629,14.4615385 9.53846154,15.5291737 9.53846154,16.8461538 L9.53846154,19.6153846 C9.53846154,20.932386 8.47083276,22 7.15384615,22 L4.38461538,22 C3.06762347,22 2,20.9323876 2,19.6153846 L2,16.8461538 C2,15.5291721 3.06762994,14.4615385 4.38461538,14.4615385 L4.8215823,14.4609378 C4.95831893,13.6120029 5.3588057,12.8211623 5.97459937,12.2053686 C6.69125996,11.488708 7.64500941,11.0636656 8.6514968,11.0066017 L8.88461538,11 C9.44565477,11 9.98370225,10.7771334 10.3804178,10.3804178 C10.6184472,10.1423885 10.7938909,9.85347965 10.8961612,9.53925278 L10.6153846,9.53846154 C9.29840448,9.53846154 8.23076923,8.47082629 8.23076923,7.15384615 L8.23076923,4.38461538 C8.23076923,3.06762994 9.29840286,2 10.6153846,2 L13.3846154,2 Z M7.15384615,16.4615385 L4.38461538,16.4615385 C4.17220099,16.4615385 4,16.63374 4,16.8461538 L4,19.6153846 C4,19.8278134 4.17218833,20 4.38461538,20 L7.15384615,20 C7.36626945,20 7.53846154,19.8278103 7.53846154,19.6153846 L7.53846154,16.8461538 C7.53846154,16.6337432 7.36625679,16.4615385 7.15384615,16.4615385 Z M19.6153846,16.4615385 L16.8461538,16.4615385 C16.6337432,16.4615385 16.4615385,16.6337432 16.4615385,16.8461538 L16.4615385,19.6153846 C16.4615385,19.8278103 16.6337306,20 16.8461538,20 L19.6153846,20 C19.8278229,20 20,19.8278229 20,19.6153846 L20,16.8461538 C20,16.6337306 19.8278103,16.4615385 19.6153846,16.4615385 Z M13.3846154,4 L10.6153846,4 C10.4029708,4 10.2307692,4.17220099 10.2307692,4.38461538 L10.2307692,7.15384615 C10.2307692,7.36625679 10.402974,7.53846154 10.6153846,7.53846154 L13.3846154,7.53846154 C13.597026,7.53846154 13.7692308,7.36625679 13.7692308,7.15384615 L13.7692308,4.38461538 C13.7692308,4.17220099 13.5970292,4 13.3846154,4 Z" id="Shape" fill-rule="nonzero"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 17"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14 8.092H2m0 0L8 2M2 8.092l6 6.035"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 8.092h12M8 2l6 6.092M8 14.127l6-6.035"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid-logo" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.281 10.453c.875 0 1.578-.719 1.578-1.578 0-.86-.703-1.578-1.578-1.578-.875 0-1.578.703-1.578 1.578 0 .86.703 1.578 1.578 1.578Zm-1.203 18.641h2.406V12.359h-2.406v16.735Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.016 12.36h6.5c6.187 0 8.906 4.421 8.906 8.374 0 4.297-3.36 8.375-8.875 8.375h-6.531V12.36Zm6.234 14.578h-3.828V14.53h3.703c4.688 0 6.828 2.844 6.828 6.203 0 2.063-1.25 6.203-6.703 6.203Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol></svg> </div> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <header class="eds-c-header" data-eds-c-header> <div class="eds-c-header__container" data-eds-c-header-expander-anchor> <div class="eds-c-header__brand"> <a href="https://link.springer.com" data-test=springerlink-logo data-track="click_imprint_logo" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click logo link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > <img src="/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-3149409f62.svg" alt="Springer Nature Link"> </a> </div> <a class="c-header__link eds-c-header__link" id="identity-account-widget" href='https://idp.springer.com/auth/personal/springernature?redirect_uri=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w?'><span class="eds-c-header__widget-fragment-title">Log in</span></a> </div> <nav class="eds-c-header__nav" aria-label="header navigation"> <div class="eds-c-header__nav-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--menu"> <a href="#eds-c-header-nav" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-menu-medium"></use> </svg><span>Menu</span> </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--inline-links"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__link-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--divider"> <a href="#eds-c-header-popup-search" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander data-eds-c-header-test-search-btn> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg><span>Search</span> </a> </div> <div id="ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link" class="eds-c-header__item ecommerce-cart" style="display:inline-block"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" style="appearance:none;border:none;background:none;color:inherit;position:relative"> <svg id="eds-i-cart" class="eds-c-header__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2 1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2l1.659.001 2.257 12.808a2.599 2.599 0 0 0 2.435 2.185l.167.004 9.976-.001a2.613 2.613 0 0 0 2.61-1.748l.03-.106 1.755-7.82.032-.107a2.546 2.546 0 0 0-.311-1.986l-.108-.157a2.604 2.604 0 0 0-2.197-1.076L6.042 5l-.56-3.17a1 1 0 0 0-.864-.82l-.12-.007L2.001 1ZM20.35 6.996a.63.63 0 0 1 .54.26.55.55 0 0 1 .082.505l-.028.1L19.2 15.63l-.022.05c-.094.177-.282.299-.526.317l-10.145.002a.61.61 0 0 1-.618-.515L6.394 6.999l13.955-.003ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"></path> </svg><span>Cart</span><span class="cart-info" style="display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;right:45px;background-color:#C65301;color:#fff;width:18px;height:18px;font-size:11px;border-radius:50%;line-height:17.5px;text-align:center"></span></a> <script>(function () { var exports = {}; if (window.fetch) { "use strict"; Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true }); exports.headerWidgetClientInit = void 0; var headerWidgetClientInit = function (getCartInfo) { document.body.addEventListener("updatedCart", function () { updateCartIcon(); }, false); return updateCartIcon(); function updateCartIcon() { return getCartInfo() .then(function (res) { return res.json(); }) .then(refreshCartState) .catch(function (_) { }); } function refreshCartState(json) { var indicator = document.querySelector("#ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link .cart-info"); /* istanbul ignore else */ if (indicator && json.itemCount) { indicator.style.display = 'block'; indicator.textContent = json.itemCount > 9 ? '9+' : json.itemCount.toString(); var moreThanOneItem = json.itemCount > 1; indicator.setAttribute('title', "there ".concat(moreThanOneItem ? "are" : "is", " ").concat(json.itemCount, " item").concat(moreThanOneItem ? "s" : "", " in your cart")); } return json; } }; exports.headerWidgetClientInit = headerWidgetClientInit; headerWidgetClientInit( function () { return window.fetch("https://cart.springer.com/cart-info", { credentials: "include", headers: { Accept: "application/json" } }) } ) }})()</script> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <article lang="en" id="main" class="app-masthead__colour-19"> <section class="app-masthead " aria-label="article masthead"> <div class="app-masthead__container"> <div class="app-article-masthead u-sans-serif js-context-bar-sticky-point-masthead" data-track-component="article" data-test="masthead-component"> <div class="app-article-masthead__info"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-test="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="c-breadcrumbs c-breadcrumbs--contrast" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb0" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb1"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb1" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://www.nature.com/sdata/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb2"><span itemprop="name">Scientific Data</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb2" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">Article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> <h1 class="c-article-title" data-test="article-title" data-article-title="">Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea</h1> <ul class="c-article-identifiers"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item" data-test="article-category">Data Descriptor</li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="click" data-track-action="open access" data-track-label="link" class="u-color-open-access" data-test="open-access">Open access</a> </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> Published: <time datetime="2020-11-04">04 November 2020</time> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-article-identifiers c-article-identifiers--cite-list"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <span data-test="journal-volume">Volume 7</span>, article number <span data-test="article-number">373</span>, (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2020</span>) </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item c-article-identifiers__item--cite"> <a href="#citeas" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </li> </ul> <div class="app-article-masthead__buttons" data-test="download-article-link-wrapper" data-track-context="masthead"> <div class="c-pdf-container"> <div class="c-pdf-download u-clear-both u-mb-16"> <a href="/content/pdf/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w.pdf" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-article-pdf="true" data-readcube-pdf-url="true" data-test="pdf-link" data-draft-ignore="true" data-track="content_download" data-track-type="article pdf download" data-track-action="download pdf" data-track-label="button" data-track-external download> <span class="c-pdf-download__text">Download PDF</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> <p class="app-article-masthead__access"> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use></svg> You have full access to this <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="click" data-track-action="open access" data-track-label="link">open access</a> article</p> </div> </div> <div class="app-article-masthead__brand"> <a href="https://www.nature.com/sdata/" class="app-article-masthead__journal-link" data-track="click_journal_home" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="120" height="159" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w120/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/41597?as=webp, https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/41597?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="95" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/41597?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/41597?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Scientific Data</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-context-bar u-hide" data-test="context-bar" data-context-bar aria-hidden="true"> <div class="c-context-bar__container u-container"> <div class="c-context-bar__title"> Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea </div> <div data-test="inCoD" data-track-context="sticky banner"> <div class="c-pdf-container"> <div class="c-pdf-download u-clear-both u-mb-16"> <a href="/content/pdf/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w.pdf" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-article-pdf="true" data-readcube-pdf-url="true" data-test="pdf-link" data-draft-ignore="true" data-track="content_download" data-track-type="article pdf download" data-track-action="download pdf" data-track-label="button" data-track-external download> <span class="c-pdf-download__text">Download PDF</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Mimmo-Palano-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Mimmo-Palano-Aff1" data-author-search="Palano, Mimmo" data-corresp-id="c1">Mimmo Palano<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-7855"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-7855</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Giuseppe-Pezzo-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Giuseppe-Pezzo-Aff2" data-author-search="Pezzo, Giuseppe" data-corresp-id="c2">Giuseppe Pezzo<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-4193"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-4193</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Enrico-Serpelloni-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Enrico-Serpelloni-Aff2" data-author-search="Serpelloni, Enrico">Enrico Serpelloni</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Roberto-Devoti-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Roberto-Devoti-Aff2" data-author-search="Devoti, Roberto">Roberto Devoti</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Nicola-D_Agostino-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Nicola-D_Agostino-Aff2" data-author-search="D’Agostino, Nicola">Nicola D’Agostino</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-6240"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-6240</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Stefano-Gandolfi-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Stefano-Gandolfi-Aff3" data-author-search="Gandolfi, Stefano">Stefano Gandolfi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Federica-Sparacino-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Federica-Sparacino-Aff1" data-author-search="Sparacino, Federica">Federica Sparacino</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Letizia-Anderlini-Aff4" data-author-popup="auth-Letizia-Anderlini-Aff4" data-author-search="Anderlini, Letizia">Letizia Anderlini</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff4">4</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Luca-Poluzzi-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Luca-Poluzzi-Aff3" data-author-search="Poluzzi, Luca">Luca Poluzzi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Luca-Tavasci-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Luca-Tavasci-Aff3" data-author-search="Tavasci, Luca">Luca Tavasci</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Paolo-Macini-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Paolo-Macini-Aff3" data-author-search="Macini, Paolo">Paolo Macini</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Grazia-Pietrantonio-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Grazia-Pietrantonio-Aff2" data-author-search="Pietrantonio, Grazia">Grazia Pietrantonio</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Federica-Riguzzi-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Federica-Riguzzi-Aff2" data-author-search="Riguzzi, Federica">Federica Riguzzi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ilaria-Antoncecchi-Aff5-Aff6" data-author-popup="auth-Ilaria-Antoncecchi-Aff5-Aff6" data-author-search="Antoncecchi, Ilaria">Ilaria Antoncecchi</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-0794"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-0794</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff5">5</a>,<a href="#Aff6">6</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Francesco-Ciccone-Aff5-Aff7" data-author-popup="auth-Francesco-Ciccone-Aff5-Aff7" data-author-search="Ciccone, Francesco">Francesco Ciccone</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff5">5</a>,<a href="#Aff7">7</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Giada-Rossi-Aff5-Aff6" data-author-popup="auth-Giada-Rossi-Aff5-Aff6" data-author-search="Rossi, Giada">Giada Rossi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff5">5</a>,<a href="#Aff6">6</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Antonio-Avallone-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Antonio-Avallone-Aff2" data-author-search="Avallone, Antonio">Antonio Avallone</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-2897"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-2897</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 18 authors for this article" title="Show all 18 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Giulio-Selvaggi-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Giulio-Selvaggi-Aff2" data-author-search="Selvaggi, Giulio">Giulio Selvaggi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>3227 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>13 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium"></use> </svg>26 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Altmetric</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon--mentions" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mentions-medium"></use> </svg>3 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Mentions</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>We provide a dataset of 3D coordinate time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations installed for stability monitoring purposes on onshore and offshore industrial settlements along a NW-SE-oriented and ~100-km-wide belt encompassing the eastern Italian coast and the Adriatic Sea. The dataset results from the analysis performed by using different geodetic software (Bernese, GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY) and consists of six raw position time series solutions, referred to IGb08 and IGS14 reference frames. Time series analyses and comparisons evidence that the different solutions are consistent between them, despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. We observe that the offshore stations are subject to significant seasonal oscillations probably due to seasonal environmental loads, seasonal temperature-induced platform deformation and hydrostatic pressure variations. Many stations are characterized by non-linear time series, suggesting a complex interplay between regional (long-term tectonic stress) and local sources of deformation (e.g. reservoirs depletion, sediment compaction). Computed raw time series, logs files, phasor diagrams and time series comparison plots are distributed via PANGAEA (<a href="https://www.pangaea.de">https://www.pangaea.de</a>).</p></div></div></section><section lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs2-section"><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs2-content"><div class="c-article-table-container"><div class="c-article-table-border c-table-scroll-wrapper"><div class="c-table-scroll-wrapper__content" data-component-scroll-wrapper=""><table class="data last-table"><tbody><tr><td class="u-text-left "><p>Measurement(s)</p></td><td class="u-text-left "><p>ground deformation process</p></td></tr><tr><td class="u-text-left "><p>Technology Type(s)</p></td><td class="u-text-left "><p>GPS navigation system</p></td></tr><tr><td class="u-text-left "><p>Factor Type(s)</p></td><td class="u-text-left "><p>GNSS station • temporal interval</p></td></tr><tr><td class="u-text-left "><p>Sample Characteristic - Location</p></td><td class="u-text-left "><p>Adriatic Sea</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><p>Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13034372">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13034372</a></p></div></div></section> <div data-test="cobranding-download"> </div> <section aria-labelledby="inline-recommendations" data-title="Inline Recommendations" class="c-article-recommendations" data-track-component="inline-recommendations"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-title" id="inline-recommendations">Similar content being viewed by others</h3> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00190-016-0987-5/MediaObjects/190_2016_987_Fig1_HTML.gif" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00190-016-0987-5?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_1" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 1" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-016-0987-5">GPS coordinate time series measurements in Ontario and Quebec, Canada </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">16 January 2017</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w92h120/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-319-39768-9?as=webp" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/1345_2016_220?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_2" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 2" data-track-label="10.1007/1345_2016_220">Twenty-Two Years of Combined GPS Products for Geophysical Applications and a Decade of Seismogeodesy </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Chapter</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">© 2017</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00190-023-01769-3/MediaObjects/190_2023_1769_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00190-023-01769-3?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_3" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 3" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-023-01769-3">Are there detectable common aperiodic displacements at ITRF co-location sites? </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">22 August 2023</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ recommendations: { recommender: 'semantic', model: 'specter', policy_id: 'NA', timestamp: 1732710642, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <div class="main-content"> <section data-title="Background & Summary"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec1">Background & Summary</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec1-content"><p>We present the results from the analysis of a new dataset of GNSS stations installed on onshore and offshore industrial settlements provided by Eni S.p.A. (<a href="https://www.eni.com">https://www.eni.com</a>). This is one of the research activities started by INGV in the framework of the program “CLYPEA: Innovation network for future energy”, as part of the “subsoil deformations” project<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 1" title="Antoncecchi, I. et al. Multidisciplinary study on assessment of subsoil deformations caused by offshore hydrocarbon activity in Emilia Romagna region, aimed to develop a methodological approach for an integrated monitoring. In Proceedings of 37° GNGTS, 
http://www3.inogs.it/gngts/files/2018/S23/Riassunti/Antoncecchi.pdf

 (2018)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR1" id="ref-link-section-d773433e707">1</a></sup>. Such a dataset has been collected at continuous GNSS stations installed, respectively closely to 13 onshore infrastructures (e.g. storage centers) located along the Italian Adriatic coast and 24 offshore hydrocarbon production platforms anchored to the seabed in central and northern Adriatic Sea (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig1">1a</a>).</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-1" data-title="Fig. 1"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig1" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 1</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/1" rel="nofollow"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp"><img aria-describedby="Fig1" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig1_HTML.png" alt="figure 1" loading="lazy" width="685" height="479"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-1-desc"><p>(<b>a</b>) Map distribution of the continuous GNSS stations provided by Eni S.p.A. Legend: 1) GNSS stations installed on storage and treatment centers, 2) GNSS stations installed on offshore platforms, 3) continuous GNSS stations developed and managed by different local, national and international Institutions and Agencies (INGV, ASI, ITALPOS, NETGEO, etc), 4) Oil/Gas prospection and production concession. (<b>b</b>) Temporal raw data availability of the GNSS dataset (see Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab1">1</a> for additional details).</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/1" data-track-dest="link:Figure1 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 1" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>This dataset improves the current density of GNSS stations along the Adriatic coastal belt, allowing also to capture local and/or regional crustal deformation on a large sector of the northern Adriatic Sea, therefore representing a potentially invaluable dataset, although it involves GNSS stations not realized for geophysical purposes. Moreover, due to its offshore extension, the dataset must be considered as unique since until now, with the exclusion of very few GNSS stations (such as the HARV station installed on the Harvest platform, approximately located 10 km off the coast of central California<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 2" title="Haines, B. J., Desai, S. D. & Born, G. H. GPS monitoring of vertical seafloor motion at Platform Harvest. Advan. Space Res. 51, 1369–1382 (2013)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR2" id="ref-link-section-d773433e744">2</a></sup>), not so extensive offshore datasets have been publicly released.</p><p>The raw GNSS dataset covers a period ranging from 1998 to the end of 2017, with time series covering time spans from 0.71 to 19.08 years (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab1">1</a> and Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig1">1b</a>). Raw data were provided by Eni S.p.A. in the RINEX format with 30-second sampling rate and containing 24 hours (00:00–23:59 UTC) of continuous tracking of NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System) satellites. In addition, Eni S.p.A. provided also a few ancillary information related to adopted receiver and antenna models and their changes over the acquisition time.</p><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-2"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab1" data-test="table-caption">Table 1 GNSS dataset provided by Eni S.p.A. For each station, site id, denomination, notes (P, Platform; STC; Storage and treatment center), coordinates, installation date and duration are reported.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/2" aria-label="Full size table 2"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>Here we provide 3D coordinate time series on a daily basis, as processed by different data analysis centers, providing a robust validation of this particular set of positions time series. Coordinates are consistent with IGb08<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 3" title="Rebischung, P. [IGSMAIL-6663] IGb08: an update on IGS08 
https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR3" id="ref-link-section-d773433e2476">3</a></sup> and IGS14<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 4" title="Rebischung, P., Altamimi, Z., Ray, J. & Garayt, B. The IGS contribution to ITRF2014. J. Geod. 90, 611–630 (2016)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR4" id="ref-link-section-d773433e2480">4</a></sup> reference frames. Both reference frames have origin coinciding with the Earth system center of mass, however, the IGS14 and the IGb08 represent the GNSS realization of the ITRF2014<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 5" title="Altamimi, Z., Rebischung, P., Métivier, L. & Collilieux, X. ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions. J. Geophys. Res. 121, 6109–6131 (2016)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR5" id="ref-link-section-d773433e2484">5</a></sup> and ITRF2008<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 6" title="Altamimi, Z., Collilieux, X. & Métivier, L. ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame. J. Geodesy 85(8), 457–473 (2011)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR6" id="ref-link-section-d773433e2488">6</a></sup> reference frames, respectively. The data files are distributed in text ASCII format (i.e. the “pos” format<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 7" title="UNAVCO. Notice to UNAVCO GPS data product users: file format update 
https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf

 (2013)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR7" id="ref-link-section-d773433e2492">7</a></sup>, realized by the Plate Boundary Observatory for GNSS time series solutions sharing) via a web-based online repository.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Methods"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec2-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec2">Methods</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec2-content"><p>This section illustrates the analyses carried out by different data processing centers, which analyzed the same dataset by means of different geodetic software and, within the same software adopted different procedures for the reference frames realization. With the aim of producing the most accurate final computation and, at the same time, obtaining a comparable analysis strategy, each data analysis center processed the raw GNSS data by using (i) a double difference approach, applied using the Bernese software, (ii) a double-difference distributed approach, applied by means of the GAMIT/GLOBK software package and (iii) a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach, applied by means of GIPSY.</p><p>The GNSS raw dataset has been processed at four different analysis centers:</p><ul class="u-list-style-bullet"> <li> <p>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (hereinafter INGV-BO); this analysis center provided 1 solution processed with GAMIT/GLOBK and QOCA (named <i>IBO_GAMIT</i>).</p> </li> <li> <p>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Etneo (hereinafter INGV-OE); this analysis center provided 1 solution processed with GAMIT/GLOBK (named <i>IOE_GAMIT</i>).</p> </li> <li> <p>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti (hereinafter INGV-ONT); this analysis center provided 1 solution processed with GIPSY (named <i>ONT_GIPSY</i>) and 1 solution processed with Bernese (named <i>ONT_BERNESE</i>).</p> </li> <li> <p>Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali - Università di Bologna (hereinafter DICAM-UniBO); this analysis center provided 1 solution processed with GIPSY (named <i>UBO_GIPSY</i>) and 1 solution processed with GAMIT/GLOBK (named <i>UBO_GAMIT</i>).</p> </li> </ul><p>In the following, a brief description of each adopted procedure for obtaining daily positions is provided. Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a> resumes some relevant characteristics of each processing scheme, including specific models applied in the analysis.</p><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-3"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab2" data-test="table-caption">Table 2 Data processing parameters adopted during the processing of the GNSS dataset provided by Eni S.p.A.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/3" aria-label="Full size table 3"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec3">Raw data processing by using the Bernese software</h3><p>The Bernese<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 8" title="Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P. & Fridez, P. Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern 
http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf

 (2015)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR8" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3209">8</a></sup> GNSS software is a scientific, high-precision, multi-GNSS data processing software developed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. Data processing with version 5.0 of this software package was performed at INGV-ONT. Daily solutions of station positions were estimated in loosely constraint reference systems. The raw observations were processed forming Ionosphere Free linear combinations and solving for the troposphere biases and phase ambiguities using the Quasi Ionosphere-free approach<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 9" title="Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Fridez, P., & Meindl, M. Bernese GNSS Software, Version 5.0. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern 
http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs50/DOCU50.pdf

 (2007)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR9" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3213">9</a></sup>. The troposphere modeling consisted in an a priori dry-Niell model fulfilled by the estimation of zenith delay corrections at 1-hour intervals at each site using the wet-Niell mapping function (see Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>). In addition, one horizontal gradient parameter per day at each site was estimated. Ocean loading was computed using the FES2004 tidal model coefficients as provided by the Ocean Tide Loading provider (<a href="http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading">http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading</a>). The GPS orbits and the Earth’s orientation parameters were fixed to the final IGS products and the site coordinates were constrained to an apriori sigma of 10 m, thus the daily coordinates were estimated in a loosely constrained, unknown reference frame. In order to express the <i>ONT_BERNESE</i> solution in a unique reference frame, the daily covariance was first projected imposing tight internal constraints (at millimeter level), and then the coordinates were transformed into the ITRF2008 reference frame by a 4-parameter Helmert transformation (translations and scale factor). The regional reference frame transformation used 45 anchor sites among the IGb08 stations, located on the Eurasian Plate (see Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>).</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec4">Raw data processing by using the GAMIT/GLOBK software</h3><p>GAMIT/GLOBK<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 10" title="Herring, T. A., King, R. W., Floyd, M. A. & McClusky, S. C. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK, Release 10.7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf

 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR10" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3243">10</a></sup> is a GNSS analysis package, designed to run under any UNIX operating system and developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Australian National University. This software was adopted at DICAM-UniBO (version 10.61) and at INGV-BO and INGV-CT (version 10.7). All the three analysis centers adopted the IGS “Repro2 campaign”<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 11" title="International GNSS Service. 2nd Data reprocessing campaign guidelines 
http://acc.igs.org/reprocess2.html

 (2014)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR11" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3247">11</a></sup> standards during the raw dataset processing. In this step, INGV-CT and DICAM-UniBO included into the cluster processing some high-quality IGS<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 12" title="Dow, J. M., Neilan, R. E. & Rizos, C. The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. J. Geodesy 83(3–4), 191–198 (2009)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR12" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3251">12</a></sup> stations (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>) in order to improve the overall configuration of the network and to tie the regional stations to an external global reference frame. The INGV-BO solution is part of a continental-scale geodetic analysis, including >3000 continuous GNSS stations<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 13" title="Serpelloni, E., Faccenna, C., Spada, G., Dong, D. & Williams, S. D. Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro‐Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia‐Eurasia plate boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 118(11), 6003–6024 (2013)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR13" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3258">13</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 14" title="Devoti, R. et al. A combined velocity field of the Mediterranean region. Ann. Geophys. 60(2), 0215 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR14" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3261">14</a></sup>. Because of this large number of sites, the GAMIT analysis was performed independently for several sub-networks, each made by <50 stations, with each sub-network sharing a set of high-quality IGS stations, which are used as tie-stations in the combination step.</p><p>During the processing step, the GAMIT software uses an ionosphere-free linear combination of GNSS phase observables by applying a double differencing technique to eliminate phase biases related to drifts in the satellite and receiver clock oscillators. GPS phase data were weighted according to an elevation-angle-dependent error model<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 10" title="Herring, T. A., King, R. W., Floyd, M. A. & McClusky, S. C. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK, Release 10.7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf

 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR10" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3268">10</a></sup> using an iterative analysis procedure whereby the elevation dependence was determined by the observed scatter of phase residuals. In this analysis the parameters of satellites orbit were fixed to the IGS final products. IGS absolute antenna phase center models (igs08.atx and igs14_wwww.atx available at <a href="ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/general/">ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/general/</a>; see also Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>) for both satellite and ground-based antennas were adopted in order to improve the accuracy of vertical site position component estimations<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 15" title="Schmid, R., Rothacher, M., Thaller, D. & Steigenberger, P. Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas. GPS solutions 9(4), 283–293 (2005)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR15" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3282">15</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 16" title="Schmid, R., Steigenberger, P., Gendt, G., Ge, M. & Rothacher, M. Generation of a consistent absolute phase-center correction model for GPS receiver and satellite antennas. J. Geodesy 81, 781–798 (2007)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR16" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3285">16</a></sup>. The first-order ionospheric delay was eliminated by using the ionosphere-free linear combination, while a second-order ionospheric corrections<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 17" title="Petrie, E. J., King, M. A., Moore, P. & Lavallée, D. A. Higher‐order ionospheric effects on the GPS reference frame and velocities. J. Geophys. Res. 115(B3), B03417 (2010)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR17" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3289">17</a></sup> were applied using the IONEX files from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). The tropospheric delay was modeled as a piecewise linear model and estimated using the Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 18" title="Boehm, J., Werl, B. & Schuh, H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from european centre for medium range weather forecasts operational analysis data. J. Geophys. Res. 111, B02406 (2006)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR18" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3294">18</a></sup>) with a 10° cutoff. The Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) were tightly constrained to priori values obtained from IERS Bulletin B. The ocean tidal loading was corrected using the FES2004<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 19" title="Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T. & Francis, O. Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from fes2004. Ocean Dyn. 56, 394–415 (2006)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR19" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3298">19</a></sup> model. The International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) 2003 model for diurnal and semidiurnal solid Earth tides was also adopted.</p><p>In a successive step, the GAMIT solutions, in the form of loosely-constrained H-files, were aligned to the IGb08 reference frame. Such an alignment was performed by INGV-CT and DICAM-UniBO through the GLOBK/GLORG<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 10" title="Herring, T. A., King, R. W., Floyd, M. A. & McClusky, S. C. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK, Release 10.7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf

 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR10" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3305">10</a></sup> software package by minimizing the deviations between horizontal positions and velocities of achieved solutions and those available in the IGb08.snx<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 20" title="International GNSS Service. IGb08 sinex file 
ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR20" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3309">20</a></sup> reference solutions (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>). INGV-BO, instead, performed the alignment to the IGb08 reference frame through the ST_FILTER program of the QOCA<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 21" title="Dong, D., Herring, T. A. & King, R. W. Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. J. Geodesy 72(4), 200–214 (1998)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR21" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3316">21</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 22" title="Dong, D., Fang, P., Bock, Y., Cheng, M. K. & Miyazaki, S. I. Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS‐derived site positiontime series. J. Geophys. Res. 107(B4), ETG-9 (2002)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR22" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3319">22</a></sup> software and by combining all the daily loosely constrained solutions with the global solution of the IGS network made available by MIT (<a href="ftp://everest.mit.edu/pub/MIT_GLL/">ftp://everest.mit.edu/pub/MIT_GLL/</a>), and simultaneously realizing a global reference frame by applying generalized constraints<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 21" title="Dong, D., Herring, T. A. & King, R. W. Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. J. Geodesy 72(4), 200–214 (1998)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR21" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3331">21</a></sup>. Specifically, the reference frame was defined by minimizing the velocities of the IGS core<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 23" title="International GNSS Service. IGS core stations list. 
ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08_core.txt

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR23" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3335">23</a></sup> stations, while estimating a seven-parameter transformation with respect to the GNSS realization of the ITRF2008<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 6" title="Altamimi, Z., Collilieux, X. & Métivier, L. ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame. J. Geodesy 85(8), 457–473 (2011)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR6" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3339">6</a></sup> frame, i.e., the IGb08<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 3" title="Rebischung, P. [IGSMAIL-6663] IGb08: an update on IGS08 
https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR3" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3343">3</a></sup> reference frame.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec5">Raw data processing by using the GIPSY software</h3><p>GIPSY is a GNSS-Inferred Positioning System and Orbit Analysis Simulation software package (<a href="https://gipsy-oasis.jpl.nasa.gov/">https://gipsy-oasis.jpl.nasa.gov/</a>) developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Data processing with this software package was performed at DICAM-UniBO (which used GIPSYX, version rc0.4) and INGV-ONT (which used GIPSY-OASIS II, version 6.3).</p><p>Raw observations were processed by both analysis centers in a precise point positioning mode applied to ionospheric-free carrier phase and pseudorange data<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 24" title="Bertiger, W. et al. Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data. J. Geodesy 84, 327–337 (2010)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR24" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3365">24</a></sup> and using JPL’s final fiducial-free GNSS orbit products. Ocean loading tidal loading and companion tides, computed using the FES2004<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 19" title="Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T. & Francis, O. Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from fes2004. Ocean Dyn. 56, 394–415 (2006)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR19" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3369">19</a></sup> tidal model coefficients (<a href="http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading">http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading</a>) and were applied as a station motion model. The wet zenith troposphere and two gradient parameters were estimated every 5 minutes as a random walk process<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 25" title="Bar-Sever, Y. E., Kroger, P. & Borjesson, J. Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver. J. Geophys. Res. 103(B3), 5019–5035 (1998)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR25" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3380">25</a></sup> by using the VMF1<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 18" title="Boehm, J., Werl, B. & Schuh, H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from european centre for medium range weather forecasts operational analysis data. J. Geophys. Res. 111, B02406 (2006)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR18" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3384">18</a></sup> with a 10° cutoff. A second-order ionospheric correction<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 26" title="Kedar, S., Hajj, G. A., Wilson, B. D. & Heflin, M. B. The effect of the second order GPS ionospheric correction on receiver positions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(16), 1829 (2003)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR26" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3389">26</a></sup> was applied during the data processing. Station clock errors was treated as a white-noise process. The ambiguity resolution was performed by using the wide lane and phase bias (WLPB) method<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 24" title="Bertiger, W. et al. Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data. J. Geodesy 84, 327–337 (2010)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR24" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3393">24</a></sup>, which phase-connects individual stations to IGS stations in common view. Resolving ambiguities reduced significantly the scatter mostly in the east component of time series. Satellite orbits and clock parameters were provided by JPL who determine them in a global fiducial free analysis using a subset of the available IGS core stations as tracking sites.</p><p>In this step, the <i>ONT_GIPSY</i> solution was aligned to IGS14<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 4" title="Rebischung, P., Altamimi, Z., Ray, J. & Garayt, B. The IGS contribution to ITRF2014. J. Geod. 90, 611–630 (2016)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR4" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3403">4</a></sup> by applying a daily seven-parameter Helmert transformation (three rotations, three translations, and a scale component obtained from JPL) specifically calculated using the IGS14 Cartesian coordinates and velocities of 132 stations selected by specific quality criteria (e.g. long observation time, continuity through time, position and velocity constrained with sub-millimeter level accuracy, etc.) and located in and around the Eurasian plate and in the Mediterranean area<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 27" title="Métois, M. et al. Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-adriatic belts. J. Geophys. Res. 120, 8701–8719 (2015)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR27" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3407">27</a></sup>. This reference frame realization method applies a continental-scale spatial filter to the station coordinates, leading to a reduction of the common-mode errors<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 28" title="Wdowinski, S., Bock, Y., Zhang, J., Fang, P. & Genrich, J. Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: Spatial filtering of daily positions for estimating coseismic and postseismic displacements induced by the 1992 landers earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 18057–18070 (1997)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR28" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3411">28</a></sup> and to an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio.</p><p>The <i>UBO_GIPSY</i> solution was aligned to the IGb08<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 3" title="Rebischung, P. [IGSMAIL-6663] IGb08: an update on IGS08 
https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR3" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3421">3</a></sup> reference frame by applying a daily seven-parameter Helmert transformation which was ad hoc calculated using as reference a regional subset of IGS tracking network (see Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>). The reference coordinates of this regional subset can be found in the IGb08.snx<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 20" title="International GNSS Service. IGb08 sinex file 
ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx

 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR20" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3428">20</a></sup> file provided by IGS.</p><p>Each analysis center, in the end, provided position time-series in a common format (e.g. the UNAVCO PBO “pos” ASCII file format<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 7" title="UNAVCO. Notice to UNAVCO GPS data product users: file format update 
https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf

 (2013)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR7" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3436">7</a></sup>); the <i>ONT_GIPSY</i> solution was aligned to IGS14 while the other solutions were aligned to IGb08. It must be noted that some few stations show time series with different temporal length because each analysis center requested the RINEX dataset to Eni S.p.A. at different times. Moreover, the <i>ONT_GIPSY</i> solution spans the 2000.0–2017.99 time interval since the limited number of continuous stations doesn’t allow to adequately constraint the adopted continental-scale spatial filter prior to 2000.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Data Records"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec6-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec6">Data Records</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec6-content"><p>All the computed raw time series are distributed via the PANGEA repository<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 29" title="Palano, M. et al Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea. PANGAEA 
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914358

 (2020)" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR29" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3455">29</a></sup> so that the interested researchers can use them for future studies. The raw time series (in ASCII pos format) were stored in different folders and accordingly renamed, based on the solutions described in paragraph “Raw data processing”.</p><p>We included in the same repository:<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 29" title="Palano, M. et al Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea. PANGAEA 
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914358

 (2020)" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR29" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3462">29</a></sup></p><ul class="u-list-style-bullet"> <li> <p>A file, named “ENI_Offsets.json”, containing all manually picked offsets; as mentioned above it can be used as input for later use in the TSAnalyzer software<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 24" title="Bertiger, W. et al. Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data. J. Geodesy 84, 327–337 (2010)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR24" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3471">24</a></sup>.</p> </li> <li> <p>All logs files as resulting from the analysis performed with the TSAnalyzer software; the logs files were renamed accordingly to the associated solution. These logs contain all the parameters discussed in section 3.</p> </li> <li> <p>The phasor diagrams in png format.</p> </li> <li> <p>The time series plots (observed, modelled and residual components) in png format; the plots were renamed accordingly to the associated solution.</p> </li> <li> <p>The time series comparison plots in png format.</p> </li> </ul><p>The original raw RINEX data are property of Eni S.p.A. company. Interested users can obtain free access to data under a specific confidential agreement by contacting Eni S.p.A. company (see the Supplementary Information for details).</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Technical Validation"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec7-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec7">Technical Validation</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec7-content"><p>As mentioned above, the position time series computed by each analysis center as well as the estimated velocity fields were compared in order to highlight possible differences arising from the use of the different software and from the specific models that were selected and applied in the analysis.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec8">Position time series comparison</h3><p>To perform a simple comparison between the position time series computed by each analysis center we used the TSAnalyzer<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 30" title="Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. GPS Solutions 21(3), 1389–1394 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR30" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3519">30</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 31" title="Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. The GPS Toolbox 
https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm

 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR31" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3522">31</a></sup> open-source software which reads GNSS position time series with different formats and allows to remove outliers as well as to simultaneously estimate linear and seasonal signals.</p><p>Roughly speaking, position time series can be modelled as the superposition of three main types of signals: (i) linear long-term deformation, (ii) seasonal signals, (iii) instrumental (e.g., GNSS antenna changes) and tectonic (co-seismic displacement) offsets. Therefore, site motion <i>y(t)</i> for each component can be modelled as:</p><div id="Equ1" class="c-article-equation"><div class="c-article-equation__content"><span class="mathjax-tex">$$y({t}_{i})=a+b{t}_{i}+c\,{\sin }(2\pi {t}_{i})+d\,{\cos }(2\pi {t}_{i})+e\,{\sin }(4\pi {t}_{i})+f\,{\cos }(4\pi {t}_{i})+\mathop{\sum }\limits_{j=1}^{{n}_{g}}\,{g}_{i}H({t}_{i}-{T}_{gj})+{v}_{i}$$</span></div><div class="c-article-equation__number"> (1) </div></div><p>where t<sub>i</sub> for <i>i</i> = <i>1…N</i> are the daily solution epochs (in units of years). The terms <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are the site position and the linear rate; coefficients <i>c</i> and <i>d</i> describe the annual periodic motion while <i>e</i> and <i>f</i> stand for the semi-annual motion. The summation term corrects for any number (n<sub>g</sub>) of offsets, with magnitudes <i>g</i> and epoch <i>T</i><sub><i>g</i></sub> using the Heaviside<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 32" title="Abramowitz, M. & Stegun, I. A. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables (National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR32" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3887">32</a></sup> step function H and the last term, ν<sub>i</sub>, is the residual.</p><p>A first visual inspection of all raw coordinates time series reveals that they contain both offsets and outliers. Outliers showing large uncertainties (e.g. blunders) were removed by setting in TSAnalyzer an arbitrary sigma criterion (we set 15, 15 and 20 mm, for North, East and Up components, respectively). Offsets were manually picked and recorded in the “ENI_Offsets.json” file (available on the repository) for later use (see also Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab3">3</a>). Offsets classified as “tectonic” correspond to co-seismic deformation related to the M >6 earthquakes striking central Italy on 24 August 2016 and on 26 October 2016<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 33" title="Cheloni, D. et al. Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 6778–6787 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR33" id="ref-link-section-d773433e3899">33</a></sup>. Offsets classified as “equipment” correspond to change in antennas while offsets classified as “unknown” are characterized by suspicious motion whose nature should be related to service operations on platform.</p><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-4"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab3" data-test="table-caption">Table 3 Offsets manually picked and recorded in the “ENI_Offsets.json” file which is available on the repository.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/4" aria-label="Full size table 4"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>Finally, estimated parameters for each solution are reported as ASCII log files in the online repository. The following analysis is based on the results achieved with this time-series analysis.</p><p>The Weighted Root Mean Squares (WRMS) values of all time-series were also estimated by using the TSAnalyzer software (see log files on the repository), after filtering outliers and estimating parameters according to Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Equ1">1</a>). In such a step, each single daily solution was weighted with respect to its formal sigma without taking into account the correlation between the North, East and Up components. Frequency histograms of WRMS values for horizontal and vertical components of each different solution analyzed in this study are reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig2">2</a>, while range, mean and median values are reported in Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab4">4</a>. All solutions are characterized by very similar values, highlighting similar patterns between the solutions as for instance, (i) the mean and median WRMS values for vertical component are about three times larger than the horizontal ones and (ii) the higher WRMS values are observed always at the same stations (CERA and AMEB; see the related logs file in the repository for additional details). Moreover, computed WRMS values are in the same range of the ones estimated for on-shore stations with comparable observing time windows<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 13" title="Serpelloni, E., Faccenna, C., Spada, G., Dong, D. & Williams, S. D. Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro‐Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia‐Eurasia plate boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 118(11), 6003–6024 (2013)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR13" id="ref-link-section-d773433e4361">13</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 34" title="Herring, T. A. et al. Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products. Rev. Geophys. 54(4), 759–808 (2016)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR34" id="ref-link-section-d773433e4364">34</a></sup>.</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-2" data-title="Fig. 2"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig2" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 2</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/2" rel="nofollow"><picture><img aria-describedby="Fig2" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig2_HTML.png" alt="figure 2" loading="lazy" width="685" height="1112"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-2-desc"><p>Frequency histograms of WRMS values for the North, East and Up components of filtered residual time series.</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/2" data-track-dest="link:Figure2 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 2" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-5"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab4" data-test="table-caption">Table 4 Range, mean and median values (in mm) for time series residuals WRMS.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/5" aria-label="Full size table 5"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>All the examined time series contain significant seasonal signals in both horizontal and vertical directions. Values estimated for each solution show a large agreement between them; annual amplitudes range between 0.5–5.3 mm horizontally and 3–8 mm vertically with higher values observed at sites installed on the offshore platforms (see plots reported in the online repository). Semi-annual amplitudes are usually <0.5 mm horizontally and ~1 mm vertically. Additional features on seasonal signals are provided by considering phasor diagrams of amplitudes and phase signals (see the example reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig3">3</a>). Regarding the annual signals, most of the sites installed on the offshore platforms show maximum amplitudes on January, September and August for North, East and Up components, respectively. Moreover, most of these sites (especially those closely located to the coastal area) are subjected to horizontal oscillations with a prevailing NNW-SSE attitude and to vertical oscillation associated with uplift during summer and subsidence during winter. Sites installed along the coastal area are characterized by maximum amplitudes largely scattered and no clear oscillation patterns can be recognized. Concerning the semiannual signals, most of the sites show maximum amplitudes concentrated during July-September for North component and during April-June for both East and Up components.</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-3" data-title="Fig. 3"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig3" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 3</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/3" rel="nofollow"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig3_HTML.png?as=webp"><img aria-describedby="Fig3" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig3_HTML.png" alt="figure 3" loading="lazy" width="685" height="344"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-3-desc"><p>Example of phasor diagrams of annual (top) and semiannual (bottom) signals for station AGOB (see Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab1">1</a>). Amplitudes of the estimated sine and cosine parameters (see Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Equ1">1</a>)) are plotted for the North, East and Up components. The upper-right plot represents the key to correlate the maxima phase direction with the day year period. Phases are referred to January 1 and time increases clockwise.</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/3" data-track-dest="link:Figure3 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 3" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>Some position time series (mainly recorded at the stations located on the offshore platforms) exhibit a curved shape, while others show weak post-seismic decay (recorded at few stations located along the coastal area, eastward of the 2016 seismic sequence epicentral area). Both features result in deviations from the linear trend; to quantify such a derivation for each time series, we defined a simple non-linearity index (<i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub>) as the ratio between the standard deviation of the smoothed time series and the standard deviation of its intrinsic noise:</p><div id="Equ2" class="c-article-equation"><div class="c-article-equation__content"><span class="mathjax-tex">$${I}_{NL}=\frac{\sqrt{{\sum }_{i=1}^{N}\left|{F}_{i}-\bar{F}\right|}}{\sqrt{{\sum }_{i=1}^{N}\left|{R}_{i}-\bar{R}\right|}}$$</span></div><div class="c-article-equation__number"> (2) </div></div><p>where <i>i</i> = <i>1…N</i> is the number of data, F and R (with mean values <span class="mathjax-tex">$\bar{F}$</span> and <span class="mathjax-tex">$\bar{R}$</span>) are the smoothed and the residual observations. The smoothed time series should approximate the low frequency non-linear behavior, while the residual time series (computed as the difference between the unsmoothed and the smoothed time series) would contain most of the high frequency noise and should be regarded as a good indicator of the station intrinsic noise. Therefore, by taking into account the time series already de-trended with respect to Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Equ1">1</a>), we computed i) the smoothed time series by applying a moving average filter with a time span of 1 year, ii) the related residual time series and finally, iii) the <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> values (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab5">5</a>). Estimations of <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> index on a set of high-quality IGS stations (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>) highlight that values <0.5 reflect time series with pure linear behavior, therefore in the following we arbitrarily set as “gentle” and “moderately” non-linear all the time series with 0.5 ≤ <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> ≤ 1 and <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> > 1, respectively (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab5">5</a>). Based on this simple definition and excluding FRAT station because of its short time series, 11 stations are generally characterized by linear time series (for all the three components) while the other are characterized by gentle (19 stations) and moderately (6 stations) non-linear time series, at one or more components. Stations with gentle and moderately non-linear time series mainly concentrates offshore on northern Adriatic Sea and onshore, along the coastal belt; the stations with linear time series are mainly located along the coastal onshore belt.</p><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-6"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab5" data-test="table-caption">Table 5 Mean I<sub><i>NL</i></sub> index values and associated standard deviation (based on the values computed for all the different time series solutions) for North, East and Up components.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/6" aria-label="Full size table 6"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>As a last step, the time-series were compared between them after correcting the offsets (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab3">3</a>) and removing the linear trend as defined in Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Equ1">1</a>). An example of such a comparison is reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig4">4</a>, while the remaining plots are reported in the online repository. This simple comparison highlights how the main features characterizing the time-series (e.g. seasonal signals, noisier time intervals, short-term transients, etc.) show a good agreement between the different solutions.</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-4" data-title="Fig. 4"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig4" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/4" rel="nofollow"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig4_HTML.png?as=webp"><img aria-describedby="Fig4" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig4_HTML.png" alt="figure 4" loading="lazy" width="685" height="717"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-4-desc"><p>Example of time series comparison from the different solution described in the main text. Each time series is reported after correcting offsets and removing the linear trend as defined in Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Equ1">1</a>).</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/4" data-track-dest="link:Figure4 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 4" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec9">Velocity field analysis and comparison</h3><p>In the following, we performed some simple comparisons between all the computed linear trend values; however, these analyses (and related results) must be considered with caution because of the non-linear motion detected at many stations.</p><p>As a first step, we calculated the residual values with respect to the mean ones for each solution and for each component (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab6">6</a>). Results are reported as frequency histograms in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig5">5</a>. Regarding the North component, the IBO_GAMIT, the IOE_GAMIT and the ONT_GIPSY solutions show values up to 0.2 mm smaller than the mean values, while the ONT_BERNESE solution shows values up to 0.4 mm larger than the mean values; the UBO_GAMIT and UBO_GIPSY solutions show values centered (±0.1 mm) on the mean values. Regarding the East component, the IBO_GAMIT, the IOE_GAMIT and the ONT_BERNESE solutions show values up to 0.2 mm larger than the mean values, while the ONT_GIPSY solution shows values up to 0.4 mm smaller than the mean values; the UBO_GAMIT and UBO_GIPSY show again values centered (±0.1 mm) on the mean values. Regarding the Up component, the IBO_GAMIT, the IOE_GAMIT, the UBO_GAMIT and the UBO_GIPSY solutions show prevailing values up to 0.6 mm larger than the mean values, while the ONT_GIPSY and the ONT_BERNESE solutions show prevailing values up to 0.4 mm smaller than the mean values; the overall differences range in the −0.6 to 0.6 mm value interval.</p><div class="c-article-table" data-test="inline-table" data-container-section="table" id="table-7"><figure><figcaption class="c-article-table__figcaption"><b id="Tab6" data-test="table-caption">Table 6 Mean linear rate values and associated standard deviation (in mm) for North, East and Up components. No estimates were performed for the FRAT site because of its short time series.</b></figcaption><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="table-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view table" data-track-label="button" rel="nofollow" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/tables/7" aria-label="Full size table 7"><span>Full size table</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>As a second step, we computed for each solution the velocity field with respect to a Eurasian<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 35" title="Altamimi, Z., Laurent, M. & Xavier, C. ITRF2008 plate motion model. J. Geophys. Res. 117, B7 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR35" id="ref-link-section-d773433e6983">35</a></sup> reference frame; achieved results are reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig6">6</a>. Because of its simple definition, such a rotation affects only the horizontal velocities; therefore, the vertical ones remained constrained in their previous reference frame. Considering the horizontal velocity (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig6">6</a>), all the solutions show a general agreement in terms of azimuthal pattern and vector magnitudes, however the ONT_BERNESE solution show a systematic counterclockwise rotation with respect to the other ones, probably related to the Helmert constraints imposed for the reference frame transformation (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab2">2</a>). The ONT_GIPSY solution, although referred to IGS14, is highly coherent with the other solutions. Most of the stations installed along the onshore coastal area show a prevailing NNW-oriented velocity pattern which is highly coherent with the regional deformation field<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 14" title="Devoti, R. et al. A combined velocity field of the Mediterranean region. Ann. Geophys. 60(2), 0215 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR14" id="ref-link-section-d773433e6996">14</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 27" title="Métois, M. et al. Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-adriatic belts. J. Geophys. Res. 120, 8701–8719 (2015)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR27" id="ref-link-section-d773433e6999">27</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 36" title="Palano, M. On the present-day crustal stress, strain-rate fields and mantle anisotropy pattern of Italy. Geophys. J. Int. 200(2), 969–985 (2015)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR36" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7002">36</a></sup>. Stations installed along the Adriatic offshore show a complex deformation field characterized by large variations both in the azimuthal pattern and the vector magnitudes (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig6">6</a>).</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-5" data-title="Fig. 5"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig5" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 5</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/5" rel="nofollow"><picture><img aria-describedby="Fig5" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig5_HTML.png" alt="figure 5" loading="lazy" width="685" height="1003"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-5-desc"><p>Frequency histograms of residual values between computed linear trend values with respect to the mean values (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab5">5</a>).</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/5" data-track-dest="link:Figure5 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 5" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-6" data-title="Fig. 6"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig6" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 6</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/6" rel="nofollow"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig6_HTML.png?as=webp"><img aria-describedby="Fig6" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig6_HTML.png" alt="figure 6" loading="lazy" width="685" height="1029"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-6-desc"><p>Horizontal velocity field comparisons. Velocities are referred to a Eurasian<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 35" title="Altamimi, Z., Laurent, M. & Xavier, C. ITRF2008 plate motion model. J. Geophys. Res. 117, B7 (2012)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR35" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7041">35</a></sup> reference frame. Lower inset: zoom on Calabria region; upper inset: zoom on the Northern Adriatic region.</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/6" data-track-dest="link:Figure6 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 6" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><p>The vertical velocities are reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig7">7</a> as averaged values (panel a) and as differences with respect to the average values (panel b). Figure <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig7">7a</a> shows that most of the stations installed along the onshore coastal area are characterized by subsidence with rates up to 2 mm/yr in agreement with recent studies<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 8" title="Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P. & Fridez, P. Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern 
http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf

 (2015)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR8" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7062">8</a></sup>, while all the stations installed on the offshore platforms exhibit a general subsidence with rates up to ~17 mm/yr (see also Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab6">6</a>). The site-by-site comparisons reported in Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig7">7b</a> confirm the features previously recognized: the ONT_GIPSY and ONT_BERNESE solutions are generally smaller than the mean values, while the other solutions are larger than the mean values. These differences seem related to the adopted reference (the ONT_GIPSY solution is referred to IGS14) and/or to the constraints imposed for the reference frame transformation (the ONT_BERNESE solution adopts a Helmert transformation based only on 4-parameters).</p><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-7" data-title="Fig. 7"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig7" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 7</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><a class="c-article-section__figure-link" data-test="img-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="image" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/7" rel="nofollow"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig7_HTML.png?as=webp"><img aria-describedby="Fig7" src="//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_Fig7_HTML.png" alt="figure 7" loading="lazy" width="685" height="395"></picture></a></div><div class="c-article-section__figure-description" data-test="bottom-caption" id="figure-7-desc"><p>(<b>a</b>) mean vertical velocity field 5; (<b>b</b>) comparison of the residual vertical velocity values for all the analyzed solutions.</p></div></div><div class="u-text-right u-hide-print"><a class="c-article__pill-button" data-test="article-link" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="view figure" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w/figures/7" data-track-dest="link:Figure7 Full size image" aria-label="Full size image figure 7" rel="nofollow"><span>Full size image</span><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small"></use></svg></a></div></figure></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="Sec10">Final considerations</h3><p>As mentioned above, computed position time series were analyzed by means of the TSAnalyzer<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 30" title="Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. GPS Solutions 21(3), 1389–1394 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR30" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7105">30</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 31" title="Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. The GPS Toolbox 
https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm

 (2017)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR31" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7108">31</a></sup> open-source software in order to estimate the linear and seasonal components as well as the offsets values.</p><p>We detected some offsets corresponding to equipment changes and to co-seismic deformation. Moreover, some detected offsets, classified as “unknown” in Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab3">3</a>, are characterized by motion probably related to service operations on platform. All detected offsets have been identified in all solutions and are characterized by very similar values (see related log files on the online repository).</p><p>Examined position time series contain significant seasonal signals: annual amplitudes range between 0.5–5.3 mm horizontally and 3–8 mm vertically while semi-annual amplitudes are usually < 0.5 mm horizontally and ~1 mm vertically. Higher annual amplitude values were observed only at sites installed on the offshore platforms, with maximum amplitudes on January, September and August for North, East and Up components, respectively. The horizontal oscillations occur with a prevailing NNW-SSE attitude while the vertical oscillation are associated with uplift during summer and subsidence during winter. Conversely, sites installed along the coastal area are characterized by maximum amplitudes largely scattered and no clear oscillation patterns can be recognized. All these observations suggest that offshore stations would be affected by variations in hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy on tubular members of the platforms caused by changes in tide levels. Moreover, since the Adriatic Sea is an almost land-locked basin where atmospheric conditions and vary considerably with the seasons<sup><a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 37" title="Cushman-Roisin, B., Malačič, V., & Gačić, M. Tides, Seiches and Low-Frequency Oscillations. in Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea (eds. Cushman-Roisin, B., Gacic, M., Poulain, P.-M. & Artegiani, A.) Ch. 7 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2001)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR37" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7121">37</a>,<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 38" title="Poulain, P. M. Adriatic Sea surface circulation as derived from drifter data between 1990 and 1999. J Marine Syst. 29(1–4), 3–32 (2001)." href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#ref-CR38" id="ref-link-section-d773433e7124">38</a></sup>, environmental loads caused by wind (e.g. periodic seiche-like effects), current flows and waves would substantially contribute to the observed seasonal oscillations. Due to the main metallic-fabric of platform, seasonal thermal expansion-contraction cycles of the tiny structures could also contribute to the seasonal oscillations.</p><p>A large number of stations is characterized also by position time series with non-linear behavior at one or more components, as quantified by the computed <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> index (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab5">5</a>). Stations with <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> values larger than 1 are generally characterized also by high subsidence rates (Table <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="table anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Tab6">6</a> and Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/article/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w#Fig7">7</a>), clearly suggesting that, the tectonic deformation is superseded by the local sources ones (e.g. reservoir depletion, sediment compaction, etc.). Moreover, these local sources affected also the horizontal deformation rates leading to a complex pattern, strictly depending by the relative position of the station (i.e. the platform) with respect to the sources of deformation. Similar considerations can be done for the stations with 0.5 ≤ <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> ≤ 1, where however, the effects of local sources have had a minor influence on station motion. Conversely, stations with <i>I</i><sub><i>NL</i></sub> < 0.5 show a velocity pattern which is highly coherent with the regional deformation field of the investigated area.</p><p>Based on the analysis and the comparisons performed in this study, the different time series solutions are highly consistent between them despite the use of different software, models, strategy processing and frame realizations. The analyzed dataset represents an invaluable dataset since it allows to improve the current GNSS stations density along the Adriatic coastal belt. In addition, this dataset allowed to discover a complex interplay between regional and local sources of deformation, whose relationships would be addressed in future analysis. Indeed, because of their uniqueness, these data could improve and promote further studies in offshore exploiting contexts including: (i) measurement and modelling of induced subsidence patterns and their spatial and temporal correlation with production data, (ii) estimation of natural and anthropic contributions to the overall ground subsidence, (iii) improvement on the long-term regional crustal deformation on offshore areas, (iv) coast-line dynamic and impact on human activities and natural ecosystems (e.g. coast line setback).</p></div></div></section> </div> <div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ol class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="1."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Antoncecchi, I. <i>et al</i>. Multidisciplinary study on assessment of subsoil deformations caused by offshore hydrocarbon activity in Emilia Romagna region, aimed to develop a methodological approach for an integrated monitoring. In <i>Proceedings of 37° GNGTS</i>, <a href="http://www3.inogs.it/gngts/files/2018/S23/Riassunti/Antoncecchi.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://www3.inogs.it/gngts/files/2018/S23/Riassunti/Antoncecchi.pdf">http://www3.inogs.it/gngts/files/2018/S23/Riassunti/Antoncecchi.pdf</a> (2018).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="2."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR2">Haines, B. J., Desai, S. D. & Born, G. H. GPS monitoring of vertical seafloor motion at Platform Harvest. <i>Advan. Space Res.</i> <b>51</b>, 1369–1382 (2013).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.008" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.008" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.asr.2012.11.008" aria-label="Article reference 2" data-doi="10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.008">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2013AdSpR..51.1369H" aria-label="ADS reference 2">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 2" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=GPS%20monitoring%20of%20vertical%20seafloor%20motion%20at%20Platform%20Harvest&journal=Advan.%20Space%20Res.&doi=10.1016%2Fj.asr.2012.11.008&volume=51&pages=1369-1382&publication_year=2013&author=Haines%2CBJ&author=Desai%2CSD&author=Born%2CGH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="3."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR3">Rebischung, P. <i>[IGSMAIL-6663] IGb08: an update on IGS08</i> <a href="https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html">https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2012/000497.html</a> (2012).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="4."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR4">Rebischung, P., Altamimi, Z., Ray, J. & Garayt, B. The IGS contribution to ITRF2014. <i>J. Geod.</i> <b>90</b>, 611–630 (2016).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6" aria-label="Article reference 4" data-doi="10.1007/s00190-016-0897-6">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016JGeod..90..611R" aria-label="ADS reference 4">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 4" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20IGS%20contribution%20to%20ITRF2014&journal=J.%20Geod.&doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-016-0897-6&volume=90&pages=611-630&publication_year=2016&author=Rebischung%2CP&author=Altamimi%2CZ&author=Ray%2CJ&author=Garayt%2CB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="5."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR5">Altamimi, Z., Rebischung, P., Métivier, L. & Collilieux, X. ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>121</b>, 6109–6131 (2016).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/2016JB013098" data-track-item_id="10.1002/2016JB013098" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2016JB013098" aria-label="Article reference 5" data-doi="10.1002/2016JB013098">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016JGRB..121.6109A" aria-label="ADS reference 5">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 5" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=ITRF2014%3A%20A%20new%20release%20of%20the%20International%20Terrestrial%20Reference%20Frame%20modeling%20nonlinear%20station%20motions&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&doi=10.1002%2F2016JB013098&volume=121&pages=6109-6131&publication_year=2016&author=Altamimi%2CZ&author=Rebischung%2CP&author=M%C3%A9tivier%2CL&author=Collilieux%2CX"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="6."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR6">Altamimi, Z., Collilieux, X. & Métivier, L. ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame. <i>J. Geodesy</i> <b>85</b>(8), 457–473 (2011).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4" aria-label="Article reference 6" data-doi="10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2011JGeod..85..457A" aria-label="ADS reference 6">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 6" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=ITRF2008%3A%20an%20improved%20solution%20of%20the%20international%20terrestrial%20reference%20frame&journal=J.%20Geodesy&doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-011-0444-4&volume=85&issue=8&pages=457-473&publication_year=2011&author=Altamimi%2CZ&author=Collilieux%2CX&author=M%C3%A9tivier%2CL"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="7."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR7">UNAVCO. Notice to UNAVCO GPS data product users: file format update <a href="https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf">https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/derived-products/docs/NOTICE-TO-DATA-PRODUCT-USERS-GPS-2013-03-15.pdf</a> (2013).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="8."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR8">Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P. & Fridez, P. Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2. <i>Astronomical Institute, University of Bern</i> <a href="http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf">http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs/DOCU52.pdf</a> (2015).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="9."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR9">Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Fridez, P., & Meindl, M. Bernese GNSS Software, Version 5.0. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern <a href="http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs50/DOCU50.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs50/DOCU50.pdf">http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/docs50/DOCU50.pdf</a> (2007).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="10."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR10">Herring, T. A., King, R. W., Floyd, M. A. & McClusky, S. C. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK, Release 10.7. <i>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</i> <a href="http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf">http://geoweb.mit.edu/gg/Intro_GG.pdf</a> (2017).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="11."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR11">International GNSS Service. <i>2nd Data reprocessing campaign guidelines</i> <a href="http://acc.igs.org/reprocess2.html" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://acc.igs.org/reprocess2.html">http://acc.igs.org/reprocess2.html</a> (2014).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="12."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR12">Dow, J. M., Neilan, R. E. & Rizos, C. The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. <i>J. Geodesy</i> <b>83</b>(3–4), 191–198 (2009).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3" aria-label="Article reference 12" data-doi="10.1007/s00190-008-0300-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2009JGeod..83..191D" aria-label="ADS reference 12">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 12" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20international%20GNSS%20service%20in%20a%20changing%20landscape%20of%20global%20navigation%20satellite%20systems&journal=J.%20Geodesy&doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-008-0300-3&volume=83&issue=3-4&pages=191-198&publication_year=2009&author=Dow%2CJM&author=Neilan%2CRE&author=Rizos%2CC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="13."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR13">Serpelloni, E., Faccenna, C., Spada, G., Dong, D. & Williams, S. D. Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro‐Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia‐Eurasia plate boundary. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>118</b>(11), 6003–6024 (2013).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/2013JB010102" data-track-item_id="10.1002/2013JB010102" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2013JB010102" aria-label="Article reference 13" data-doi="10.1002/2013JB010102">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2013JGRB..118.6003S" aria-label="ADS reference 13">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 13" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Vertical%20GPS%20ground%20motion%20rates%20in%20the%20Euro%E2%80%90Mediterranean%20region%3A%20New%20evidence%20of%20velocity%20gradients%20at%20different%20spatial%20scales%20along%20the%20Nubia%E2%80%90Eurasia%20plate%20boundary&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&doi=10.1002%2F2013JB010102&volume=118&issue=11&pages=6003-6024&publication_year=2013&author=Serpelloni%2CE&author=Faccenna%2CC&author=Spada%2CG&author=Dong%2CD&author=Williams%2CSD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="14."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR14">Devoti, R. <i>et al</i>. A combined velocity field of the Mediterranean region. <i>Ann. Geophys.</i> <b>60</b>(2), 0215 (2017).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 14" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20combined%20velocity%20field%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20region&journal=Ann.%20Geophys.&volume=60&issue=2&publication_year=2017&author=Devoti%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="15."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR15">Schmid, R., Rothacher, M., Thaller, D. & Steigenberger, P. Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas. <i>GPS solutions</i> <b>9</b>(4), 283–293 (2005).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x" aria-label="Article reference 15" data-doi="10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 15" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Absolute%20phase%20center%20corrections%20of%20satellite%20and%20receiver%20antennas&journal=GPS%20solutions&doi=10.1007%2Fs10291-005-0134-x&volume=9&issue=4&pages=283-293&publication_year=2005&author=Schmid%2CR&author=Rothacher%2CM&author=Thaller%2CD&author=Steigenberger%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="16."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR16">Schmid, R., Steigenberger, P., Gendt, G., Ge, M. & Rothacher, M. Generation of a consistent absolute phase-center correction model for GPS receiver and satellite antennas. <i>J. Geodesy</i> <b>81</b>, 781–798 (2007).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y" aria-label="Article reference 16" data-doi="10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2007JGeod..81..781S" aria-label="ADS reference 16">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 16" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Generation%20of%20a%20consistent%20absolute%20phase-center%20correction%20model%20for%20GPS%20receiver%20and%20satellite%20antennas&journal=J.%20Geodesy&doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-007-0148-y&volume=81&pages=781-798&publication_year=2007&author=Schmid%2CR&author=Steigenberger%2CP&author=Gendt%2CG&author=Ge%2CM&author=Rothacher%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="17."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR17">Petrie, E. J., King, M. A., Moore, P. & Lavallée, D. A. Higher‐order ionospheric effects on the GPS reference frame and velocities. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>115</b>(B3), B03417 (2010).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2010JGRB..115.3417P" aria-label="ADS reference 17">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 17" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Higher%E2%80%90order%20ionospheric%20effects%20on%20the%20GPS%20reference%20frame%20and%20velocities&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&volume=115&issue=B3&publication_year=2010&author=Petrie%2CEJ&author=King%2CMA&author=Moore%2CP&author=Lavall%C3%A9e%2CDA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="18."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR18">Boehm, J., Werl, B. & Schuh, H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from european centre for medium range weather forecasts operational analysis data. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>111</b>, B02406 (2006).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2006JGRB..111.2406B" aria-label="ADS reference 18">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 18" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Troposphere%20mapping%20functions%20for%20GPS%20and%20very%20long%20baseline%20interferometry%20from%20european%20centre%20for%20medium%20range%20weather%20forecasts%20operational%20analysis%20data&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&volume=111&publication_year=2006&author=Boehm%2CJ&author=Werl%2CB&author=Schuh%2CH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="19."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR19">Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T. & Francis, O. Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from fes2004. <i>Ocean Dyn.</i> <b>56</b>, 394–415 (2006).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x" aria-label="Article reference 19" data-doi="10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2006OcDyn..56..394L" aria-label="ADS reference 19">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 19" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Modelling%20the%20global%20ocean%20tides%3A%20Modern%20insights%20from%20fes2004&journal=Ocean%20Dyn.&doi=10.1007%2Fs10236-006-0086-x&volume=56&pages=394-415&publication_year=2006&author=Lyard%2CF&author=Lefevre%2CF&author=Letellier%2CT&author=Francis%2CO"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="20."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR20">International GNSS Service. <i>IGb08 sinex file</i> <a href="ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx">ftp://igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08.snx</a> (2012).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="21."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR21">Dong, D., Herring, T. A. & King, R. W. Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. <i>J. Geodesy</i> <b>72</b>(4), 200–214 (1998).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s001900050161" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s001900050161" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s001900050161" aria-label="Article reference 21" data-doi="10.1007/s001900050161">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1998JGeod..72..200D" aria-label="ADS reference 21">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 21" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Estimating%20regional%20deformation%20from%20a%20combination%20of%20space%20and%20terrestrial%20geodetic%20data&journal=J.%20Geodesy&doi=10.1007%2Fs001900050161&volume=72&issue=4&pages=200-214&publication_year=1998&author=Dong%2CD&author=Herring%2CTA&author=King%2CRW"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="22."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR22">Dong, D., Fang, P., Bock, Y., Cheng, M. K. & Miyazaki, S. I. Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS‐derived site positiontime series. <i>J. Geophys. Res</i>. <b>107</b>(B4), ETG-9 (2002).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="23."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR23">International GNSS Service. IGS core stations list. <a href="ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08_core.txt" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08_core.txt">ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/coord/IGb08_core.txt</a> (2012).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="24."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR24">Bertiger, W. <i>et al</i>. Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data. <i>J. Geodesy</i> <b>84</b>, 327–337 (2010).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9" aria-label="Article reference 24" data-doi="10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2010JGeod..84..327B" aria-label="ADS reference 24">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 24" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Single%20receiver%20phase%20ambiguity%20resolution%20with%20GPS%20data&journal=J.%20Geodesy&doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-010-0371-9&volume=84&pages=327-337&publication_year=2010&author=Bertiger%2CW"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="25."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR25">Bar-Sever, Y. E., Kroger, P. & Borjesson, J. Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>103</b>(B3), 5019–5035 (1998).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1029/97JB03534" data-track-item_id="10.1029/97JB03534" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F97JB03534" aria-label="Article reference 25" data-doi="10.1029/97JB03534">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1998JGR...103.5019B" aria-label="ADS reference 25">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 25" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Estimating%20horizontal%20gradients%20of%20tropospheric%20path%20delay%20with%20a%20single%20GPS%20receiver&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&doi=10.1029%2F97JB03534&volume=103&issue=B3&pages=5019-5035&publication_year=1998&author=Bar-Sever%2CYE&author=Kroger%2CP&author=Borjesson%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="26."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR26">Kedar, S., Hajj, G. A., Wilson, B. D. & Heflin, M. B. The effect of the second order GPS ionospheric correction on receiver positions. <i>Geophys. Res. Lett.</i> <b>30</b>(16), 1829 (2003).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1029/2003GL017639" data-track-item_id="10.1029/2003GL017639" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2003GL017639" aria-label="Article reference 26" data-doi="10.1029/2003GL017639">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2003GeoRL..30.1829K" aria-label="ADS reference 26">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 26" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effect%20of%20the%20second%20order%20GPS%20ionospheric%20correction%20on%20receiver%20positions&journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&doi=10.1029%2F2003GL017639&volume=30&issue=16&publication_year=2003&author=Kedar%2CS&author=Hajj%2CGA&author=Wilson%2CBD&author=Heflin%2CMB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="27."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR27">Métois, M. <i>et al</i>. Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-adriatic belts. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>120</b>, 8701–8719 (2015).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/2015JB012023" data-track-item_id="10.1002/2015JB012023" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2015JB012023" aria-label="Article reference 27" data-doi="10.1002/2015JB012023">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2015JGRB..120.8701M" aria-label="ADS reference 27">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 27" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Insights%20on%20continental%20collisional%20processes%20from%20GPS%20data%3A%20Dynamics%20of%20the%20peri-adriatic%20belts&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&doi=10.1002%2F2015JB012023&volume=120&pages=8701-8719&publication_year=2015&author=M%C3%A9tois%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="28."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR28">Wdowinski, S., Bock, Y., Zhang, J., Fang, P. & Genrich, J. Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: Spatial filtering of daily positions for estimating coseismic and postseismic displacements induced by the 1992 landers earthquake. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>102</b>, 18057–18070 (1997).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1029/97JB01378" data-track-item_id="10.1029/97JB01378" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F97JB01378" aria-label="Article reference 28" data-doi="10.1029/97JB01378">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1997JGR...10218057W" aria-label="ADS reference 28">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 28" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Southern%20California%20permanent%20GPS%20geodetic%20array%3A%20Spatial%20filtering%20of%20daily%20positions%20for%20estimating%20coseismic%20and%20postseismic%20displacements%20induced%20by%20the%201992%20landers%20earthquake&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&doi=10.1029%2F97JB01378&volume=102&pages=18057-18070&publication_year=1997&author=Wdowinski%2CS&author=Bock%2CY&author=Zhang%2CJ&author=Fang%2CP&author=Genrich%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="29."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR29">Palano, M. <i>et al</i> Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea. <i>PANGAEA</i> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914358" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1594/PANGAEA.914358">https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914358</a> (2020)</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="30."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR30">Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. <i>GPS Solutions</i> <b>21</b>(3), 1389–1394 (2017).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10291-017-0637-2" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10291-017-0637-2" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10291-017-0637-2" aria-label="Article reference 30" data-doi="10.1007/s10291-017-0637-2">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 30" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TSAnalyzer%2C%20a%20GNSS%20time%20series%20analysis%20software&journal=GPS%20Solutions&doi=10.1007%2Fs10291-017-0637-2&volume=21&issue=3&pages=1389-1394&publication_year=2017&author=Wu%2CD&author=Yan%2CH&author=Shen%2CY"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="31."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR31">Wu, D., Yan, H. & Shen, Y. TSAnalyzer, a GNSS time series analysis software. <i>The GPS Toolbox</i> <a href="https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm">https://geodesy.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox/TSAnalyzer.htm</a> (2017).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="32."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR32">Abramowitz, M. & Stegun, I. A. <i>Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables</i> (National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="33."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR33">Cheloni, D. <i>et al</i>. Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data. <i>Geophys. Res. Lett.</i> <b>44</b>, 6778–6787 (2017).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/2017GL073580" data-track-item_id="10.1002/2017GL073580" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2017GL073580" aria-label="Article reference 33" data-doi="10.1002/2017GL073580">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2017GeoRL..44.6778C" aria-label="ADS reference 33">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 33" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Geodetic%20model%20of%20the%202016%20Central%20Italy%20earthquake%20sequence%20inferred%20from%20InSAR%20and%20GPS%20data&journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&doi=10.1002%2F2017GL073580&volume=44&pages=6778-6787&publication_year=2017&author=Cheloni%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="34."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR34">Herring, T. A. <i>et al</i>. Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products. <i>Rev. Geophys.</i> <b>54</b>(4), 759–808 (2016).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/2016RG000529" data-track-item_id="10.1002/2016RG000529" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2016RG000529" aria-label="Article reference 34" data-doi="10.1002/2016RG000529">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016RvGeo..54..759H" aria-label="ADS reference 34">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 34" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Plate%20Boundary%20Observatory%20and%20related%20networks%3A%20GPS%20data%20analysis%20methods%20and%20geodetic%20products&journal=Rev.%20Geophys.&doi=10.1002%2F2016RG000529&volume=54&issue=4&pages=759-808&publication_year=2016&author=Herring%2CTA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="35."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR35">Altamimi, Z., Laurent, M. & Xavier, C. ITRF2008 plate motion model. <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>117</b>, B7 (2012).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 35" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=ITRF2008%20plate%20motion%20model&journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&volume=117&publication_year=2012&author=Altamimi%2CZ&author=Laurent%2CM&author=Xavier%2CC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="36."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR36">Palano, M. On the present-day crustal stress, strain-rate fields and mantle anisotropy pattern of Italy. <i>Geophys. J. Int.</i> <b>200</b>(2), 969–985 (2015).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1093/gji/ggu451" data-track-item_id="10.1093/gji/ggu451" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgji%2Fggu451" aria-label="Article reference 36" data-doi="10.1093/gji/ggu451">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2015GeoJI.200..969P" aria-label="ADS reference 36">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 36" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=On%20the%20present-day%20crustal%20stress%2C%20strain-rate%20fields%20and%20mantle%20anisotropy%20pattern%20of%20Italy&journal=Geophys.%20J.%20Int.&doi=10.1093%2Fgji%2Fggu451&volume=200&issue=2&pages=969-985&publication_year=2015&author=Palano%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="37."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR37">Cushman-Roisin, B., Malačič, V., & Gačić, M. Tides, Seiches and Low-Frequency Oscillations. in Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea (eds. Cushman-Roisin, B., Gacic, M., Poulain, P.-M. & Artegiani, A.) Ch. 7 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2001).</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="38."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR38">Poulain, P. M. Adriatic Sea surface circulation as derived from drifter data between 1990 and 1999. <i>J Marine Syst.</i> <b>29</b>(1–4), 3–32 (2001).</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00007-0" data-track-item_id="10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00007-0" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0924-7963%2801%2900007-0" aria-label="Article reference 38" data-doi="10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00007-0">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="ads reference" data-track-action="ads reference" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2001JMS....29....3P" aria-label="ADS reference 38">ADS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 38" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Adriatic%20Sea%20surface%20circulation%20as%20derived%20from%20drifter%20data%20between%201990%20and%201999&journal=J%20Marine%20Syst.&doi=10.1016%2FS0924-7963%2801%2900007-0&volume=29&issue=1%E2%80%934&pages=3-32&publication_year=2001&author=Poulain%2CPM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li></ol><p class="c-article-references__download u-hide-print"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w?format=refman&flavour=references">Download references<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><section data-title="Acknowledgements"><div class="c-article-section" id="Ack1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Ack1">Acknowledgements</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Ack1-content"><p>This research was financed by the Italian Economic Development Ministry in the”CLYPEA-Innovation Network for Future Energy” framework, “subsoil deformations” project. We thank Gilberto Dialuce (General Director of DG ISSEG of the Italian Economic Development Ministry) and Franco Terlizzese (Director of DGS UNMIG of the Italian Economic Development Ministry) who designed and encouraged the CLYPEA project, creating a successful synergy between INGV, University of Bologna, RSE, Polytechnic of Turin, La Sapienza University, CNR-IGAG, CNR-IREA and Emilia Romagna Region. We thank Eni S.p.A. for providing GNSS data; in particular, we thank Gianfranco Roncari, Roberto Miandro, Carolina Dacome and Stefano Mantica. We are also grateful to Luisa Perini and Paolo Severi for fruitful discussions. Encouragement and continuous support by Carlo Doglioni, Andrea Morelli and Claudio Chiarabba were greatly appreciated.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, P.zza Roma 2, I-95125, Catania, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Mimmo Palano & Federica Sparacino</p></li><li id="Aff2"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti, Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143, Rome, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Giuseppe Pezzo, Enrico Serpelloni, Roberto Devoti, Nicola D’Agostino, Grazia Pietrantonio, Federica Riguzzi, Antonio Avallone & Giulio Selvaggi</p></li><li id="Aff3"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials, Engineering (DICAM), Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, I-40136, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Stefano Gandolfi, Luca Poluzzi, Luca Tavasci & Paolo Macini</p></li><li id="Aff4"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via Donato Creti, 12, Bologna, I-40128, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Letizia Anderlini</p></li><li id="Aff5"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - DGISSEG, Via Molise 2, I-00187, Rome, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Ilaria Antoncecchi, Francesco Ciccone & Giada Rossi</p></li><li id="Aff6"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Research on Energy System RSE S.p.A., Via Rubattino 54, I-20134, Milano, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Ilaria Antoncecchi & Giada Rossi</p></li><li id="Aff7"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Francesco Ciccone</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Mimmo-Palano-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Mimmo Palano</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Mimmo%20Palano" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Mimmo%20Palano" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Mimmo%20Palano%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Giuseppe-Pezzo-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Giuseppe Pezzo</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Giuseppe%20Pezzo" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Giuseppe%20Pezzo" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Giuseppe%20Pezzo%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Enrico-Serpelloni-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Enrico Serpelloni</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Enrico%20Serpelloni" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Enrico%20Serpelloni" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Enrico%20Serpelloni%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Roberto-Devoti-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Roberto Devoti</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Roberto%20Devoti" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Roberto%20Devoti" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Roberto%20Devoti%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Nicola-D_Agostino-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Nicola D’Agostino</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Nicola%20D%E2%80%99Agostino" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Nicola%20D%E2%80%99Agostino" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Nicola%20D%E2%80%99Agostino%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Stefano-Gandolfi-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Stefano Gandolfi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Stefano%20Gandolfi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Stefano%20Gandolfi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Stefano%20Gandolfi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Federica-Sparacino-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Federica Sparacino</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Federica%20Sparacino" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Federica%20Sparacino" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Federica%20Sparacino%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Letizia-Anderlini-Aff4"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Letizia Anderlini</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Letizia%20Anderlini" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Letizia%20Anderlini" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Letizia%20Anderlini%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Luca-Poluzzi-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Luca Poluzzi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Luca%20Poluzzi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Luca%20Poluzzi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Luca%20Poluzzi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Luca-Tavasci-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Luca Tavasci</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Luca%20Tavasci" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Luca%20Tavasci" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Luca%20Tavasci%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Paolo-Macini-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Paolo Macini</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Paolo%20Macini" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Paolo%20Macini" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Paolo%20Macini%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Grazia-Pietrantonio-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Grazia Pietrantonio</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Grazia%20Pietrantonio" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Grazia%20Pietrantonio" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Grazia%20Pietrantonio%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Federica-Riguzzi-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Federica Riguzzi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Federica%20Riguzzi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Federica%20Riguzzi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Federica%20Riguzzi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Ilaria-Antoncecchi-Aff5-Aff6"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Ilaria Antoncecchi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Ilaria%20Antoncecchi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Ilaria%20Antoncecchi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Ilaria%20Antoncecchi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Francesco-Ciccone-Aff5-Aff7"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Francesco Ciccone</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Francesco%20Ciccone" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Francesco%20Ciccone" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Francesco%20Ciccone%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Giada-Rossi-Aff5-Aff6"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Giada Rossi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Giada%20Rossi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Giada%20Rossi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Giada%20Rossi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Antonio-Avallone-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Antonio Avallone</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Antonio%20Avallone" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Antonio%20Avallone" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Antonio%20Avallone%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Giulio-Selvaggi-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Giulio Selvaggi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Giulio%20Selvaggi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Giulio%20Selvaggi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Giulio%20Selvaggi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="contributions">Contributions</h3><p>M.P., G.P., E.S., R.D., N.D. and S.G. conceived and designed the research. M.P., E.S., F.S., L.A., R.D., N.D., S.G., L.P., L.T., P.M., G.P. and F.R. processed the GNSS data. M.P. wrote most of the manuscript. All the authors discussed the contents and approved the final manuscript.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding authors</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:mimmo.palano@ingv.it">Mimmo Palano</a> or <a id="corresp-c2" href="mailto:giuseppe.pezzo@ingv.it">Giuseppe Pezzo</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar1">Competing interests</h3> <p>The authors declare no competing interests.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Additional information"><div class="c-article-section" id="additional-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="additional-information">Additional information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="additional-information-content"><p><b>Publisher’s note</b> Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Supplementary information"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec11-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec11">Supplementary information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec11-content"><div data-test="supplementary-info"><div id="figshareContainer" class="c-article-figshare-container" data-test="figshare-container"></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM1"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary information" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w/MediaObjects/41597_2020_705_MOESM1_ESM.docx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Information</a></h3></div></div></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"> <p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>.</p> <p>The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver <a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" rel="license">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</a> applies to the metadata files associated with this article.</p> <p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Geopositioning%20time%20series%20from%20offshore%20platforms%20in%20the%20Adriatic%20Sea&author=Mimmo%20Palano%20et%20al&contentID=10.1038%2Fs41597-020-00705-w&copyright=The%20Author%28s%29&publication=2052-4463&publicationDate=2020-11-04&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true&oa=CC%20BY">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg height="81" width="57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m17.35 35.45 21.3-14.2v-17.03h-21.3" fill="#989898"/><path d="m38.65 35.45-21.3-14.2v-17.03h21.3" fill="#747474"/><path d="m28 .5c-12.98 0-23.5 10.52-23.5 23.5s10.52 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5-10.52 23.5-23.5c0-6.23-2.48-12.21-6.88-16.62-4.41-4.4-10.39-6.88-16.62-6.88zm0 41.25c-9.8 0-17.75-7.95-17.75-17.75s7.95-17.75 17.75-17.75 17.75 7.95 17.75 17.75c0 4.71-1.87 9.22-5.2 12.55s-7.84 5.2-12.55 5.2z" fill="#535353"/><path d="m41 36c-5.81 6.23-15.23 7.45-22.43 2.9-7.21-4.55-10.16-13.57-7.03-21.5l-4.92-3.11c-4.95 10.7-1.19 23.42 8.78 29.71 9.97 6.3 23.07 4.22 30.6-4.86z" fill="#9c9c9c"/><path d="m.2 58.45c0-.75.11-1.42.33-2.01s.52-1.09.91-1.5c.38-.41.83-.73 1.34-.94.51-.22 1.06-.32 1.65-.32.56 0 1.06.11 1.51.35.44.23.81.5 1.1.81l-.91 1.01c-.24-.24-.49-.42-.75-.56-.27-.13-.58-.2-.93-.2-.39 0-.73.08-1.05.23-.31.16-.58.37-.81.66-.23.28-.41.63-.53 1.04-.13.41-.19.88-.19 1.39 0 1.04.23 1.86.68 2.46.45.59 1.06.88 1.84.88.41 0 .77-.07 1.07-.23s.59-.39.85-.68l.91 1c-.38.43-.8.76-1.28.99-.47.22-1 .34-1.58.34-.59 0-1.13-.1-1.64-.31-.5-.2-.94-.51-1.31-.91-.38-.4-.67-.9-.88-1.48-.22-.59-.33-1.26-.33-2.02zm8.4-5.33h1.61v2.54l-.05 1.33c.29-.27.61-.51.96-.72s.76-.31 1.24-.31c.73 0 1.27.23 1.61.71.33.47.5 1.14.5 2.02v4.31h-1.61v-4.1c0-.57-.08-.97-.25-1.21-.17-.23-.45-.35-.83-.35-.3 0-.56.08-.79.22-.23.15-.49.36-.78.64v4.8h-1.61zm7.37 6.45c0-.56.09-1.06.26-1.51.18-.45.42-.83.71-1.14.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.36c.07.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.29 0 .57-.04.83-.13s.51-.21.76-.37l.55 1.01c-.33.21-.69.39-1.09.53-.41.14-.83.21-1.26.21-.48 0-.92-.08-1.34-.25-.41-.16-.76-.4-1.07-.7-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.6-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.07.45-.31.29-.5.73-.58 1.3zm2.5.62c0-.57.09-1.08.28-1.53.18-.44.43-.82.75-1.13s.69-.54 1.1-.71c.42-.16.85-.24 1.31-.24.45 0 .84.08 1.17.23s.61.34.85.57l-.77 1.02c-.19-.16-.38-.28-.56-.37-.19-.09-.39-.14-.61-.14-.56 0-1.01.21-1.35.63-.35.41-.52.97-.52 1.67 0 .69.17 1.24.51 1.66.34.41.78.62 1.32.62.28 0 .54-.06.78-.17.24-.12.45-.26.64-.42l.67 1.03c-.33.29-.69.51-1.08.65-.39.15-.78.23-1.18.23-.46 0-.9-.08-1.31-.24-.4-.16-.75-.39-1.05-.7s-.53-.69-.7-1.13c-.17-.45-.25-.96-.25-1.53zm6.91-6.45h1.58v6.17h.05l2.54-3.16h1.77l-2.35 2.8 2.59 4.07h-1.75l-1.77-2.98-1.08 1.23v1.75h-1.58zm13.69 1.27c-.25-.11-.5-.17-.75-.17-.58 0-.87.39-.87 1.16v.75h1.34v1.27h-1.34v5.6h-1.61v-5.6h-.92v-1.2l.92-.07v-.72c0-.35.04-.68.13-.98.08-.31.21-.57.4-.79s.42-.39.71-.51c.28-.12.63-.18 1.04-.18.24 0 .48.02.69.07.22.05.41.1.57.17zm.48 5.18c0-.57.09-1.08.27-1.53.17-.44.41-.82.72-1.13.3-.31.65-.54 1.04-.71.39-.16.8-.24 1.23-.24s.84.08 1.24.24c.4.17.74.4 1.04.71s.54.69.72 1.13c.19.45.28.96.28 1.53s-.09 1.08-.28 1.53c-.18.44-.42.82-.72 1.13s-.64.54-1.04.7-.81.24-1.24.24-.84-.08-1.23-.24-.74-.39-1.04-.7c-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.45-.27-.96-.27-1.53zm1.65 0c0 .69.14 1.24.43 1.66.28.41.68.62 1.18.62.51 0 .9-.21 1.19-.62.29-.42.44-.97.44-1.66 0-.7-.15-1.26-.44-1.67-.29-.42-.68-.63-1.19-.63-.5 0-.9.21-1.18.63-.29.41-.43.97-.43 1.67zm6.48-3.44h1.33l.12 1.21h.05c.24-.44.54-.79.88-1.02.35-.24.7-.36 1.07-.36.32 0 .59.05.78.14l-.28 1.4-.33-.09c-.11-.01-.23-.02-.38-.02-.27 0-.56.1-.86.31s-.55.58-.77 1.1v4.2h-1.61zm-47.87 15h1.61v4.1c0 .57.08.97.25 1.2.17.24.44.35.81.35.3 0 .57-.07.8-.22.22-.15.47-.39.73-.73v-4.7h1.61v6.87h-1.32l-.12-1.01h-.04c-.3.36-.63.64-.98.86-.35.21-.76.32-1.24.32-.73 0-1.27-.24-1.61-.71-.33-.47-.5-1.14-.5-2.02zm9.46 7.43v2.16h-1.61v-9.59h1.33l.12.72h.05c.29-.24.61-.45.97-.63.35-.17.72-.26 1.1-.26.43 0 .81.08 1.15.24.33.17.61.4.84.71.24.31.41.68.53 1.11.13.42.19.91.19 1.44 0 .59-.09 1.11-.25 1.57-.16.47-.38.85-.65 1.16-.27.32-.58.56-.94.73-.35.16-.72.25-1.1.25-.3 0-.6-.07-.9-.2s-.59-.31-.87-.56zm0-2.3c.26.22.5.37.73.45.24.09.46.13.66.13.46 0 .84-.2 1.15-.6.31-.39.46-.98.46-1.77 0-.69-.12-1.22-.35-1.61-.23-.38-.61-.57-1.13-.57-.49 0-.99.26-1.52.77zm5.87-1.69c0-.56.08-1.06.25-1.51.16-.45.37-.83.65-1.14.27-.3.58-.54.93-.71s.71-.25 1.08-.25c.39 0 .73.07 1 .2.27.14.54.32.81.55l-.06-1.1v-2.49h1.61v9.88h-1.33l-.11-.74h-.06c-.25.25-.54.46-.88.64-.33.18-.69.27-1.06.27-.87 0-1.56-.32-2.07-.95s-.76-1.51-.76-2.65zm1.67-.01c0 .74.13 1.31.4 1.7.26.38.65.58 1.15.58.51 0 .99-.26 1.44-.77v-3.21c-.24-.21-.48-.36-.7-.45-.23-.08-.46-.12-.7-.12-.45 0-.82.19-1.13.59-.31.39-.46.95-.46 1.68zm6.35 1.59c0-.73.32-1.3.97-1.71.64-.4 1.67-.68 3.08-.84 0-.17-.02-.34-.07-.51-.05-.16-.12-.3-.22-.43s-.22-.22-.38-.3c-.15-.06-.34-.1-.58-.1-.34 0-.68.07-1 .2s-.63.29-.93.47l-.59-1.08c.39-.24.81-.45 1.28-.63.47-.17.99-.26 1.54-.26.86 0 1.51.25 1.93.76s.63 1.25.63 2.21v4.07h-1.32l-.12-.76h-.05c-.3.27-.63.48-.98.66s-.73.27-1.14.27c-.61 0-1.1-.19-1.48-.56-.38-.36-.57-.85-.57-1.46zm1.57-.12c0 .3.09.53.27.67.19.14.42.21.71.21.28 0 .54-.07.77-.2s.48-.31.73-.56v-1.54c-.47.06-.86.13-1.18.23-.31.09-.57.19-.76.31s-.33.25-.41.4c-.09.15-.13.31-.13.48zm6.29-3.63h-.98v-1.2l1.06-.07.2-1.88h1.34v1.88h1.75v1.27h-1.75v3.28c0 .8.32 1.2.97 1.2.12 0 .24-.01.37-.04.12-.03.24-.07.34-.11l.28 1.19c-.19.06-.4.12-.64.17-.23.05-.49.08-.76.08-.4 0-.74-.06-1.02-.18-.27-.13-.49-.3-.67-.52-.17-.21-.3-.48-.37-.78-.08-.3-.12-.64-.12-1.01zm4.36 2.17c0-.56.09-1.06.27-1.51s.41-.83.71-1.14c.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.37c.08.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.3 0 .58-.04.84-.13.25-.09.51-.21.76-.37l.54 1.01c-.32.21-.69.39-1.09.53s-.82.21-1.26.21c-.47 0-.92-.08-1.33-.25-.41-.16-.77-.4-1.08-.7-.3-.31-.54-.69-.72-1.13-.17-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.61-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.08.45-.31.29-.5.73-.57 1.3zm3.01 2.23c.31.24.61.43.92.57.3.13.63.2.98.2.38 0 .65-.08.83-.23s.27-.35.27-.6c0-.14-.05-.26-.13-.37-.08-.1-.2-.2-.34-.28-.14-.09-.29-.16-.47-.23l-.53-.22c-.23-.09-.46-.18-.69-.3-.23-.11-.44-.24-.62-.4s-.33-.35-.45-.55c-.12-.21-.18-.46-.18-.75 0-.61.23-1.1.68-1.49.44-.38 1.06-.57 1.83-.57.48 0 .91.08 1.29.25s.71.36.99.57l-.74.98c-.24-.17-.49-.32-.73-.42-.25-.11-.51-.16-.78-.16-.35 0-.6.07-.76.21-.17.15-.25.33-.25.54 0 .14.04.26.12.36s.18.18.31.26c.14.07.29.14.46.21l.54.19c.23.09.47.18.7.29s.44.24.64.4c.19.16.34.35.46.58.11.23.17.5.17.82 0 .3-.06.58-.17.83-.12.26-.29.48-.51.68-.23.19-.51.34-.84.45-.34.11-.72.17-1.15.17-.48 0-.95-.09-1.41-.27-.46-.19-.86-.41-1.2-.68z" fill="#535353"/></g></svg>"></a></div><div class="c-bibliographic-information__column"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Palano, M., Pezzo, G., Serpelloni, E. <i>et al.</i> Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea. <i>Sci Data</i> <b>7</b>, 373 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-04-07">07 April 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-10-01">01 October 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-11-04">04 November 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w</span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width">Springer Nature Limited</li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> <div data-test="further-reading"> <section> <div class="c-article-section js-article-section" id="further-reading-section" data-test="further-reading-section"> <h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="further-reading">This article is cited by</h2> <div class="c-article-section__content js-collapsible-section" id="further-reading-content"> <ul class="c-article-further-reading__list" id="further-reading-list"> <li class="c-article-further-reading__item js-ref-item"> <h3 class="c-article-further-reading__title" data-test="article-title"> <a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view further reading article" data-track-label="link:Seismic source identification of the 9 November 2022 Mw 5.5 offshore Adriatic sea (Italy) earthquake from GNSS data and aftershock relocation" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38150-5"> Seismic source identification of the 9 November 2022 Mw 5.5 offshore Adriatic sea (Italy) earthquake from GNSS data and aftershock relocation </a> </h3> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact c-author-list--truncated u-sans-serif u-mb-4 u-mt-auto"> <li>G. Pezzo</li><li>A. Billi</li><li>C. Chiarabba</li> </ul> <p class="c-article-further-reading__journal-title"><i>Scientific Reports</i> (2023)</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </main> <div class="c-article-sidebar u-text-sm u-hide-print l-with-sidebar__sidebar" id="sidebar" data-container-type="reading-companion" data-track-component="reading companion"> <aside> <div data-test="editorial-summary"> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion"> <div class="c-reading-companion__sticky" data-component="reading-companion-sticky" data-test="reading-companion-sticky"> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__sections c-reading-companion__panel--active" id="tabpanel-sections"> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mt-16 u-hide" data-component-mpu><div class="c-ad c-ad--300x250"> <div class="c-ad__inner"> <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-MPU1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-pa11y-ignore data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/41597/article" data-gpt-sizes="300x250" data-test="MPU1-ad" data-gpt-targeting="pos=MPU1;articleid=s41597-020-00705-w;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__figures c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-figures"></div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__references c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-references"></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </article> <div class="app-elements"> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--search" id="eds-c-header-popup-search"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Search</h2> <div class="u-container"> <search class="eds-c-header__search" role="search" aria-label="Search from the header"> <form method="GET" action="//link.springer.com/search" data-test="header-search" data-track="search" data-track-context="search from header" data-track-action="submit search form" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="form" > <label for="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-label">Search by keyword or author</label> <div class="eds-c-header__search-container"> <input id="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-input" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="search" value="" required> <button class="eds-c-header__search-button" type="submit"> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg> <span class="u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </search> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--menu" id="eds-c-header-nav"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Navigation</h2> <ul class="eds-c-header__list"> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </li> </ul> </div> <footer > <div class="eds-c-footer" > <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <div class="eds-c-footer__grid eds-c-footer__group--separator"> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Discover content</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1" data-track="nav_journals_a_z" data-track-action="journals a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/books/a/1" data-track="nav_books_a_z" data-track-action="books a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Books A-Z</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Publish with us</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals" data-track="nav_journal_finder" data-track-action="journal finder" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journal finder</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_publish_your_research" data-track-action="publish your research" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Publish your research</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="nav_open_access_publishing" data-track-action="open access publishing" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Open access publishing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Products and services</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/products" data-track="nav_our_products" data-track-action="our products" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Our products</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="nav_librarians" data-track-action="librarians" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Librarians</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/societies" data-track="nav_societies" data-track-action="societies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Societies</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/partners" data-track="nav_partners_and_advertisers" data-track-action="partners and advertisers" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Partners and advertisers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Our imprints</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springer.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Springer" data-track-action="Springer" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Springer</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Nature_Portfolio" data-track-action="Nature Portfolio" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Nature Portfolio</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_BMC" data-track-action="BMC" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">BMC</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.palgrave.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Palgrave_Macmillan" data-track-action="Palgrave Macmillan" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Palgrave Macmillan</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.apress.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Apress" data-track-action="Apress" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Apress</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <nav aria-label="footer navigation"> <ul class="eds-c-footer__links"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <button class="eds-c-footer__link" data-cc-action="preferences" data-track="dialog_manage_cookies" data-track-action="Manage cookies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link"><span class="eds-c-footer__button-text">Your privacy choices/Manage cookies</span></button> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa" data-track="nav_california_privacy_statement" data-track-action="california privacy statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Your US state privacy rights</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" data-track="nav_accessibility_statement" data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Accessibility statement</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/termsandconditions" data-track="nav_terms_and_conditions" data-track-action="terms and conditions" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Terms and conditions</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/privacystatement" data-track="nav_privacy_policy" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/home" data-track="nav_help_and_support" data-track-action="help and support" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Help and support</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000255911-subscription-cancellations" data-track-action="cancel contracts here">Cancel contracts here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="eds-c-footer__user"> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info"> <span data-test="footer-user-ip">8.222.208.146</span> </p> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info" data-test="footer-business-partners">Not affiliated</p> </div> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/" class="eds-c-footer__link"> <img src="/oscar-static/images/logo-springernature-white-19dd4ba190.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/> </a> <p class="eds-c-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2024 Springer Nature</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>