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诺奖获奖作家韩江:“直面历史创伤,揭露人类生命的脆弱” - 纽约时报中文网
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data-headline="%E8%AF%BA%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%A5%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E9%9F%A9%E6%B1%9F%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E7%9B%B4%E9%9D%A2%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%88%9B%E4%BC%A4%EF%BC%8C%E6%8F%AD%E9%9C%B2%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%84%86%E5%BC%B1%E2%80%9D"> --><!-- <i class="icon-qrcode"></i> --><!-- </a> --><!-- </li> --></ul><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div></div><article class="article-content font-normal"><div class="article-header"><header><small></small><h1>诺奖获奖作家韩江:“直面历史创伤,揭露人类生命的脆弱”</h1></header><div class="byline-row"><div class="byline-box"><div class="byline"><address>ALEX MARSHALL, ALEXANDRA ALTER</address><time pudate="2024-10-11 03:56:34" datetime="2024-10-11 03:56:34">2024年10月11日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/10/10/multimedia/10nobel-literature-zgqf/10nobel-literature-zgqf-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="700" alt="韩江获得诺贝尔奖的消息在韩国引起一片欢腾,并在社交媒体上受到作家和书迷的欢迎。"><figcaption><span>韩江获得诺贝尔奖的消息在韩国引起一片欢腾,并在社交媒体上受到作家和书迷的欢迎。</span> <cite>Ahn Young-Joon/Associated Press</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph"><span>周四,以超现实主义颠覆性小说《<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/books/review/the-vegetarian-by-han-kang.html">素食者</a>》(The Vegetarian)而闻名的韩国作家韩江被授予诺贝尔文学奖,她是韩国首位获得该奖项的作家。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph">该奖项主办方瑞典文学院的常务秘书马茨·马尔姆在斯德哥尔摩举行的新闻发布会上表示,获奖原因是“她以带着炽烈诗意的散文直面历史创伤,揭露人类生命的脆弱”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">《素食者》2007年在韩国出版,被翻译成英文后,该书<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/18/books/han-kang-wins-man-booker-international-prize-for-fiction-with-the-vegetarian.html">获得了2016年国际布克奖</a>。这本书讲述了一名抑郁的家庭主妇因停止吃肉震惊了家人的故事;后来她完全停止进食,渴望变成一株只靠阳光生活的树。<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/books/review/the-vegetarian-by-han-kang.html">波罗奇斯塔·卡普尔在为《纽约时报》撰写的书评</a>中说,韩江“在韩国被誉为预言者,这不无道理”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">韩江获诺贝尔奖是一个惊喜。在获奖名单公布之前,博彩公司最看好的获奖者是以难以分类的小说见长的<span>中国先锋作家<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/29/books/a-nightmare-circling-overhead.html">残雪</a>。但韩江获奖的消息在社交媒体上</span>引起作家和书迷的欢呼,在韩国也受到了热烈的欢迎。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">尹锡悦总统在声明中说:“这是韩国文学的伟大成就,也是举国欢庆的时刻。”他在声明中指出,韩江有能力捕捉韩国近代史上的痛苦片段。韩国流行乐队防弹少年团(BTS)的成员也进行了庆祝,其中一名成员在韩江的照片旁边加了一个哭脸和一颗心的表情。</div><div class="article-paragraph">在韩国国内,一些人惊讶地得知是一位韩国作家获奖。“看到这个消息时,我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛,”首尔的上班族朴相仁(音)说。“没有人告诉我们,今年我们有一个很有希望的候选人。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">与此同时,许多人认为这是一个合适的选择。韩江的小说《不做告别》(We Do Not Part)将于明年1月在美国贺加斯出版社出版,她的翻译之一佩吉·阿尼亚·莫里斯说,韩江的开创性作品重塑了韩国的文学格局。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“韩江的作品激励了一代韩国作家,让他们在题材上更真实、更大胆,”莫里斯说。“一次又一次,她勇敢地面对审查和保全面子的文化,她每次都以更强大、更坚定的作品,挫败那些让她闭嘴的企图。”</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/10/10/multimedia/10nobel-literature2-jtpm/10nobel-literature2-jtpm-master1050.jpg" alt="韩江的英文译者之一佩吉·阿尼亚·莫里斯说,她的作品 “激励了一代韩国作家更加真实、更加大胆”。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/10/10/multimedia/10nobel-literature2-jtpm/10nobel-literature2-jtpm-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>韩江的英文译者之一佩吉·阿尼亚·莫里斯说,她的作品 “激励了一代韩国作家更加真实、更加大胆”。</span> <cite>Kim Kyung-Hoon/Reuters</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>现年53岁的韩江于1970年出生于韩国光州。她的父亲也是一位小说家,但远没有她成功。一家人经济拮据,经常搬家。在<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/03/books/the-vegetarian-a-surreal-south-korean-novel.html">2016年接受《纽约时报》采访</a>时,韩江表示,她那短暂的成长期“对一个小孩子来说太艰难了,但我还好,因为我被书围绕着。”</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>韩江九岁的时候,一家人搬到了首尔,几个月后发生了<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/21/world/asia/south-korea-photos-gwangju-crackdown.html">光州起义</a>,政府军向支持民主的抗议者开枪,造成数以百计的人死亡。她在2016年的采访中说,这件事塑造了她对人类暴力能力的看法,它的幽灵一直困扰着她的写作。在她2014年的小说《</span>少年来了》(Human Acts)中,一位作家目睹了警察对一群活动人士进行突查。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">她还回忆起看到人们排队为在起义中受伤的人献血的画面。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“这就像两个无法解开的谜语,印在我的脑海里:人类怎么会如此残暴,人类又怎么会如此崇高?”她说。“当我写小说时,我发现自己总是回到身为人类意味着什么的主题上来。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">小说家赫尔南·迪亚兹称赞韩江“格外善于倾听历史的传闻”,并说,她可以“触及塑造和伤害了整整几代人的创伤,而且她从来没有把她的小说变成单纯的说教工具”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">韩江在延世大学学习文学,最早出版的作品是诗歌。她的处女作《玄鹿》(Black Deer)出版于1998年,讲述了一个失踪女子的神秘故事。在2016年的采访中,韩江说,大约在那个时候,她萌生了想法,要创作关于一个女人变成一株植物的短篇小说,她最终把这个故事写成了《素食者》。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>在处女作之后,她又写了七部长篇小说,以及几部中篇小说、散文集和短篇小说集。她的其他小说包括同样获得国际布克奖提名的《<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/books/review/han-kang-white-book.html">白</a>》(The White Book)和2023年出版了英文版的《<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/books/review/greek-lessons-han-kang.html">希腊语时间</a>》(Greek Lessons)。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph">在《希腊语时间<span>》中,一个女人失去了说话的能力,她试图通过学习古希腊语来恢复这种能力。伊德拉·诺维在<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/books/review/greek-lessons-han-kang.html">为时报撰写的书评</a>中称,这部小说“颂扬了</span>可以在共享的语言中看到的那种难以形容的信任”。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-2" data-target="{"pos":"mid3","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">“韩江是一个预言者,没有别的词可以形容,”韩江的北美出版商贺加斯的执行编辑帕里萨·易卜拉希米说,她指出,韩江的作品反映了“对女性内心生活的非凡洞察力”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">她说,韩江的作品如今在韩国备受推崇,但这花了一些时间,她的一些书最初不被人理解。韩江说,《素食者》被认为“非常极端和怪异”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">她在本国出版小说和诗歌20多年后才有了英文译本,当时黛博拉·史密斯翻译了《素食者》,只凭前10页就将它卖给了一家英国出版商。</div><div class="article-paragraph">2016年,《素食者》英文版一经推出便广受好评,推动了翻译更具实验性的小说的新浪潮,其中包括具有女权主义倾向的女性作品。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“她的作品、译本以及作品获得的成功促使对韩国文学的翻译变得更前卫、更实验、更大胆,”居住在首尔的韩语翻译和作家安东·胡尔说。“她改变了关于韩国文学的对话。”</div><div class="article-paragraph">牛津大学文学教授安基·穆克吉说,近20年来,她“年复一年”地在课堂上教授韩江的作品。“她的作品始终带着政治性——无论是身体政治、性别政治,还是人与国家斗争的政治——但她的作品从未放弃文学想象力,”穆克吉说。“她的作品从来不是高高在上<span>的</span>,而是俏皮、有趣、超现实的。”</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-3" data-target="{"pos":"mid4","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph"><span>诺贝尔奖是文学界的最高奖项,获得该奖是作家、诗人或剧作家事业的顶峰。过去的获奖者包括<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html">托尼·莫里森</a>、<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/26/theater/26pinter.html">哈罗德·品特</a>和2016年的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/arts/music/bob-dylan-nobel-prize-literature.html#:~:text=Dylan%20was%20an%20appropriate%20choice,win%20the%20prize%20since%20Ms.">鲍勃·迪伦</a>。除了能获得声望和销量的大幅提升,获奖者还能获得1100万瑞典克朗(约合100万美元)的奖金。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph">虽然对于诺贝尔奖得主来说,韩江相对年轻,但她还是比1907年以41岁的年龄获奖的拉迪亚德·吉卜林要年长得多。</div><div class="article-paragraph">近年来,由于女性或来自欧洲和北美以外地区的获奖者数量过少,文学院一直在努力增加诺贝尔文学奖候选人的多样性。</div><div class="article-paragraph">自2020年以来,文学院将该奖授予了<span>有色人种——坦桑尼亚作家<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/21/books/abdulrazak-gurnah-nobel-book.html">阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳</a>,他的小说剖析了殖民主义的遗留问题;以及两位女性——美国诗人<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/books/louise-gluck-dead.html">路易丝·格吕克</a>和法国自传体作家<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/06/books/annie-ernaux-nobel-prize-literature.html">安妮·埃诺克</a>。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph"><span>去年的获奖者是<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/07/arts/jon-fosse-nobel-prize.html">挪威作家兼剧作家乔恩·福瑟</a>,他的小说以冗长的句子讲述,往往含有宗教色彩。</span></div><div class="article-paragraph">韩江是第18位获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性,自1901年以来,诺贝尔文学奖已授予120位作家。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-4" data-target="{"pos":"mid5","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">一些学者和翻译认为,韩国第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家是女性,可以说是恰如其分。许多最具开创性和挑衅性的当代韩国文学都由女性小说家创作,其中一些作家挑战并揭露了厌女症,以及韩国女性所承受的负担。然而,在媒体和文学界,年长的男性作家往往被视为最有可能获得诺贝尔奖的竞争者。</div><div class="article-paragraph">莫里斯说:“多年来,关于如何让韩国获得文学奖的讨论似乎从来没有认真考虑过答案可能是韩江,尽管她取得了巨大的成功。”除了韩江之外,莫里斯还翻译了朴景利和李智敏等韩国女性的作品。“因此,看到一位女性成为结束韩国文学诺贝尔奖荒的人,这是一个惊喜,也是一种诗意的正义。”</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><p>Choe Sang-Hun自韩国首尔对本文有研报道贡献。</p><p><span>Alex Marshall是《纽约时报》的欧洲文化记者,他常驻伦敦。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/alex-marshall">点击查看更多关于他的信息。</a></span></p><p><span>Alexandra Alter为《纽约时报》撰写书籍、出版和文学界的报道。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/alexandra-alter">点击查看更多关于她的信息。</a></span></p><p>翻译:晋其角</p><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/10/arts/nobel-prize-literature.html">点击查看本文英文版。</a></p></footer></div></div></article><div class="container article-footer"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12 mobile-refer-cont" id="J_hideRefer"></div><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="related hot_article"><h5 class="related-title">最受欢迎</h5><ol class="related-articles"><li><a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/culture/20241122/banana-auction-explainer-cattelan/?utm_source=top10-in-article&utm_medium=articlepage&utm_campaign=web"><article><h4>天价香蕉:它为什么值620万美元?买家孙宇晨是谁?</h4><img alt="天价香蕉:它为什么值620万美元?买家孙宇晨是谁?" 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