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th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume le principali caratteristiche dei gruppi etnici"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightblue; color:#000;">Phong</th></tr><tr><th>Nomi alternativi</th><td>Phong kniang, kniang, keneng, kenieng, khaniang, phong del Laos, pong </td></tr><tr><th>Sottogruppi</th><td>phong piad, phong laan, phong chapuang e phong fan </td></tr><tr><th>Luogo d'origine</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laos (bandiera)"><img alt="Laos (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/20px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/40px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Popolazione</th><td>21.396 (cens. del 1995) </td></tr><tr><th>Lingua</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_phong_kniang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua phong kniang (la pagina non esiste)">phong kniang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_lao" title="Lingua lao">lao</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Religione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Animismo" title="Animismo">Animismo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Buddhismo_Theravada" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhismo Theravada">Buddhismo Theravada</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Gruppi correlati</th><td><a href="/wiki/Popoli_khmuici" title="Popoli khmuici">popoli khmuici</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Popolo/man" title="Template:Popolo/man"><span title="Manuale del template Popolo">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I <b>phong</b>, detti anche <b>kniang</b>, sono un gruppo etnico facente parte dei <a href="/wiki/Popoli_khmuici" title="Popoli khmuici">popoli khmuici</a> stanziato nel <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> settentrionale. Non vi sono fonti storiche che indichino la provenienza dei phong, secondo la loro <a href="/wiki/Tradizione_orale" title="Tradizione orale">tradizione orale</a> sono originari di un territorio lungo l'odierno confine tra la <a href="/wiki/Birmania" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il termine phong è un <a href="/wiki/Esonimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Esonimo">esonimo</a> assegnato loro dai laotiani, mentre l'etnia si autodefinisce kniang.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altri nomi e traslitterazioni dei due termini sono kniang, keneng, kenieng, khaniang, phong del Laos e pong. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lingua">Lingua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Lingua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lingua"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oltre alla <a href="/wiki/Lingua_lao" title="Lingua lao">lingua lao</a>, parlano il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_phong_kniang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua phong kniang (la pagina non esiste)">phong kniang</a>, un idioma compreso nella <a href="/wiki/Famiglia_linguistica" title="Famiglia linguistica">famiglia linguistica</a> <a href="/wiki/Mon_khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon khmer">mon khmer</a> fortemente collegato con quello della vicina etnia <a href="/wiki/Xinh_mun" title="Xinh mun">xinh mun</a>. Il codice <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> per il phong è <i>pnx</i>. La lingua non va confusa con quelle di altre etnie laotiane chiamate con nomi simili.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuzione">Distribuzione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Distribuzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Distribuzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I phong vivono in alcuni villaggi montani dei distretti di Xam Neua e Huanmeuang nella <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Houaphan" title="Provincia di Houaphan">Provincia di Houaphan</a>, e in due distretti della <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Xiangkhoang" title="Provincia di Xiangkhoang">Provincia di Xiangkhoang</a>. Nei diversi stanziamenti si sono creati dei sottogruppi chiamati phong piad, phong laan, phong chapuang e phong fan, che hanno dialetti e tradizioni simili. La popolazione totale era di 21.396 abitanti secondo il censimento laotiano del 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Società_e_cultura"><span id="Societ.C3.A0_e_cultura"></span>Società e cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Società e cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Società e cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il governo laotiano nomina un consiglio responsabile degli affari esterni dei villaggi. Gli affari interni sono a carico del capo tribale del villaggio, chiamato <i>chao kok</i>. Tra le famiglie esistono dei clan, ognuno dei quali a sua volta nomina un capo, il <i>chao lao</i>, ed ha regole e tradizioni interne diverse da quelle degli altri clan.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le nuove coppie sposate vivono con la famiglia del marito fino a quando un fratello minore si sposa. Da quel momento la coppia trasferisce il proprio nucleo familiare in una nuova abitazione, che sono di solito palafitte costruite su piccole colline. Le donne partoriscono in casa con l'aiuto di una <a href="/wiki/Levatrice" class="mw-redirect" title="Levatrice">levatrice</a> locale e dei parenti. Le eredità spettano ai figli maschi. Quando qualcuno muore si tiene una festa in casa del defunto. In passato si sotterravano i morti, ora che diversi phong si sono sonvertiti al Buddhismo le salme vengono cremate e le loro ceneri sotterrate o poste in un piccolo reliquiario.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vi sono sciamani che curano i malati e celebrano riti propiziatori. I costumi tradizionali sono andati in disuso, sia gli uomini che le donne vestono ora con normali abiti comprati al mercato, gli uomini con normali pantaloni e camicia e le donne con i classici <i><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a></i> laotiani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Come la maggior parte delle minoranze etniche del paese, i phong sono dediti prevalentemente all'agricoltura con un largo uso della pratica del <a href="/wiki/Debbio" title="Debbio">debbio</a>. La coltura principale è il riso e tra gli altri prodotti vi sono gli ortaggi da radice, che consumano quando c'è scarsità di riso. Allevano soprattutto maiali e pollame, che usano per le offerte cerimoniali propiziatorie. Meno frequenti sono il <a href="/wiki/Bufalo_d%27acqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Bufalo d'acqua">bufalo d'acqua</a> ed il bue. Gli uomini sono attivi nella <a href="/wiki/Caccia_e_raccolta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caccia e raccolta">caccia e raccolta</a> nelle foreste, nella pesca e si fabbricano in proprio coltelli e machete. Le donne intrecciano la paglia con cui fanno ceste e stuoie.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religione">Religione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Religione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Religione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La maggior parte dei phong praticano l'<a href="/wiki/Animismo" title="Animismo">Animismo</a>, gli spiriti protettori principali sono quelli della famiglia, del villaggio, della montagna e della foresta. Nelle vicinanze di ogni villaggio c'è una casetta dedicata agli spiriti. Quelli che si sono convertiti al <a href="/wiki/Buddhismo_Theravada" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhismo Theravada">Buddhismo Theravada</a>, lo praticano in combinazione con la fede tradizionale. Due volte l'anno l'intero villaggio si riunisce per le cerimonia propiziatoria per i nuovi raccolti, durante la quale vengono offerti agli spiriti un maiale, 4 polli, dell'acquavite di riso e della frutta. In ogni casa c'è un altare in onore degli spiriti.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scribd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_1-5">f</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/58166818/Hill-Tribe-in-Laos">Explanation about the classification of the ethnic groups' names in the Laos P.D.R.</a>, da pag. 64 a pag. 66, documento governativo laotiano sul sito scribd.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pnx">Phong-Kniang</a>, sul sito di <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuser.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Antropologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kuser.png/25px-Kuser.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kuser.png/38px-Kuser.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kuser.png/50px-Kuser.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Antropologia" title="Portale:Antropologia">Portale Antropologia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418" /><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAsia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/25px-LocationAsia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/38px-LocationAsia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/50px-LocationAsia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Asia" title="Portale:Asia">Portale Asia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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