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<span>Recent research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> 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class="mw-page-title-main">Human coronavirus NL63</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A_NL63" title="فيروس كورونا البشري NL63 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيروس كورونا البشري NL63" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_hum%C3%A0_NL63" title="Coronavirus humà NL63 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coronavirus humà NL63" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Human coronavirus NL63" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanes_Coronavirus_NL63" title="Humanes Coronavirus NL63 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Humanes Coronavirus NL63" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%BF%CF%82_NL63" title="Ανθρώπινος κορονοϊος NL63 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρώπινος κορονοϊος NL63" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humano_NL63" title="Coronavirus humano NL63 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coronavirus humano NL63" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%B6%DB%B3" title="کروناویروس انسانی ان‌ال۶۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کروناویروس انسانی ان‌ال۶۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humain_NL63" title="Coronavirus humain NL63 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coronavirus humain NL63" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9" title="ह्यूमेन कोरोनावाइरस एनएल६३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ह्यूमेन कोरोनावाइरस एनएल६३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_umano_NL63" title="Coronavirus umano NL63 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coronavirus umano NL63" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCoV-NL63" title="HCoV-NL63 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="HCoV-NL63" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaan_coronavirus_NL63" title="Humaan coronavirus NL63 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Humaan coronavirus NL63" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9NL63" title="ヒトコロナウイルスNL63 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒトコロナウイルスNL63" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCoV-NL63" title="HCoV-NL63 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="HCoV-NL63" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronav%C3%ADrus_humano_NL63" title="Coronavírus humano NL63 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coronavírus humano NL63" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirusul_uman_NL63" title="Coronavirusul uman NL63 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coronavirusul uman NL63" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_NL63" title="Коронавирус человека NL63 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коронавирус человека NL63" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmisen_koronavirus_NL63" title="Ihmisen koronavirus NL63 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmisen koronavirus NL63" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humant_coronavirus_NL63" title="Humant coronavirus NL63 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Humant coronavirus NL63" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C_NL63" title="ไวรัสโคโรนามนุษย์ NL63 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวรัสโคโรนามนุษย์ NL63" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92NL63" title="人類冠狀病毒NL63 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人類冠狀病毒NL63" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif/lossless-page1-220px-12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif/lossless-page1-330px-12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif/lossless-page1-440px-12985_2013_2210_MOESM6_ESM_E.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1139" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_electron_micrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission electron micrograph">Transmission electron micrograph</a> of HCoV-NL63 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">Virus classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Setracovirus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Realm</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria"><i>Riboviria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae"><i>Orthornavirae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota"><i>Pisuviricota</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisoniviricetes" title="Pisoniviricetes"><i>Pisoniviricetes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nidovirales" title="Nidovirales"><i>Nidovirales</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae"><i>Coronaviridae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus"><i>Alphacoronavirus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Setracovirus" title="Setracovirus"><i>Setracovirus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Alphacoronavirus amsterdamense</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Human coronavirus NL63</li> <li>HCoV-NL63</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Alphacoronavirus amsterdamense</b></i> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>( also called <i><b>Human coronavirus NL63</b></i> abbreviated <i><b>HCoV-NL63</b>)</i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a>, specifically a <a href="/wiki/Setracovirus" title="Setracovirus">Setracovirus</a> from among the <a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a> genus. It was identified in late 2004 in patients in <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">the Netherlands</a> by Lia van der Hoek and Krzysztof Pyrc<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using a novel virus discovery method VIDISCA.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on the discovery was confirmed by the researchers from <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fouchier_2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fouchier_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The virus is an <a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">enveloped</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sense_(molecular_biology)" title="Sense (molecular biology)">positive-sense</a>, <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">single-stranded</a> <a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">RNA virus</a> which enters its host cell by binding to <a href="/wiki/ACE2" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE2">ACE2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infection with the virus has been confirmed worldwide, and has an association with many common symptoms and diseases. Associated diseases include mild to moderate <a href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection" title="Upper respiratory tract infection">upper respiratory tract infections</a>, severe <a href="/wiki/Lower_respiratory_tract_infection" title="Lower respiratory tract infection">lower respiratory tract infection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a> and bronchiolitis.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abdul-Rasool_2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdul-Rasool_2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The virus is found primarily in young children, the elderly, and <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">immunocompromised</a> patients with acute respiratory illness. It also has a seasonal association in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climates</a>. A study performed in Amsterdam estimated the presence of HCoV-NL63 in approximately 4.7% of common respiratory illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-van_der_Hoek_2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Hoek_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The natural reservoirs are <a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">palm civets</a> and bats.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of its divergence from another coronavirus (<a href="/wiki/HCoV-229E" class="mw-redirect" title="HCoV-229E">HCoV-229E</a>) are around 1000 years ago; it has likely circulated in humans for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evolution of HCoV-NL63 appears to have involved <a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">recombination</a> between an ancestral NL63-like virus circulating in <a href="/wiki/African_trident_bat" title="African trident bat">African <i>Triaenops afer</i> bats</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">CoV 229E</a>-like virus circulating in <i><a href="/wiki/Hipposideros" title="Hipposideros">Hipposideros</a></i> bats.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recombinant viruses can arise when two viral <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a> are present in the same host cell. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first cases of the infection with HCoV-NL63 were found in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections admitted to hospitals. While the clinical presentation of the virus can be severe, it has also been found in mild cases of respiratory infection. The <a href="/wiki/Comorbidity" title="Comorbidity">comorbidity</a> of HCoV-NL63 with other respiratory infections, has made the specific symptoms of the virus difficult to pinpoint. A study of clinical symptoms in HCoV-NL63 patients without <a href="/wiki/Secondary_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary infection">secondary infection</a>, reported the most common symptoms to be fever, cough, <a href="/wiki/Rhinitis" title="Rhinitis">rhinitis</a>, sore throat, hoarseness, <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchiolitis" title="Bronchiolitis">bronchiolitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early study investigating children with lower respiratory tract illness, found that HCoV-NL63 was more commonly found in outpatients than hospitalized patients, suggesting that it is a common cold virus similar to <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">HCoV-229E</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">HCoV-OC43</a>, which generally cause less severe symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-van_der_Hoek_2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Hoek_2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the high frequency of <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a> is specific to HCoV-NL63 infection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause">Cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Journal.pmed.0020240.g001.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5573" data-file-height="3323" /></a><figcaption>Seasonal distribution of HCoV-NL63 shows a preferential detection in the period between November and March</figcaption></figure> <p>It is believed that the route of HCoV-NL63 spread is through direct person-to-person transmission in highly populated areas. The virus can survive for up to a week outside of the body in <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solutions</a> at room temperature and three hours on dry surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most people will be infected with a coronavirus in their lifetime, but some populations are more susceptible to HCoV-NL63. These populations include children under the age of 5, the elderly, and <a href="/wiki/Immunocompromised" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunocompromised">immunocompromised</a> individuals. The virus seems to have seasonal incidence, occurring most frequently in the winter months in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climates</a>. In more extreme and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climates</a> the virus has no preference toward a particular season. Many studies have reported the co-occurrence of HCoV-NL63 with other <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human coronavirus">human coronavirus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_virus" title="Influenza A virus">Influenza A virus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_orthopneumovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human orthopneumovirus">Human orthopneumovirus</a></i> (RSV), <a href="/wiki/Parainfluenza_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parainfluenza virus">parainfluenza virus</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus" title="Human metapneumovirus">Human metapneumovirus</a></i> (hMPV).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abdul-Rasool_2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdul-Rasool_2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transmission">Transmission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As HCoV-NL63 infects the respiratory tract it must be inhaled to get there, and is therefore transmitted by the airborne route. The virus is able to survive for up to seven days in respiratory secretions and remains infectious at room temperature. Once the virus has entered the host, it binds to <a href="/wiki/Cellular_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular receptors">cellular receptors</a> via its <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" title="Coronavirus spike protein">spike proteins</a>. HCoV-NL63, like <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-1" title="SARS-CoV-1">SARS-CoV-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, uses <a href="/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2" title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2">Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</a> (ACE2) as an entry receptor to bind to and enter target cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Hofmann_2005_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofmann_2005-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And also like <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, HCoV-NL63 spike has a furin cleavage site, at S2′.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is difficult to distinguish between symptoms caused by infection of the HCoV-NL63 virus and those caused by other common human viruses, making diagnosis and detection complex. <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction">Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction</a> of samples collected through <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a> is the most commonly used method for detection of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul-Rasool_2010_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdul-Rasool_2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Viral_culture" title="Viral culture">Viral culture</a> or <a href="/wiki/Blood_serum" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood serum">blood serum</a> testing for <a href="/wiki/Antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a> may also be used for the confirmation of infection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevention">Prevention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) recommends several measures for the prevention of infection with HCoV-NL63 including: washing hands often with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment_and_prognosis">Treatment and prognosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Treatment and prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treatment for the HCoV-NL63 virus is dependent on the severity of associated <a href="/wiki/Symptomology" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptomology">symptomology</a>. Most mild to moderate infections will go away on their own. Symptoms can be relieved by taking a pain reliever or fever medication, taking a hot shower, or using a <a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">humidifier</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antiviral" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral">Antiviral</a> treatment may be necessary for infected patients that end up in the <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> (ICU) due to <a href="/wiki/Acute_respiratory_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute respiratory infection">acute respiratory infection</a>. <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous immunoglobulin">Intravenous immunoglobulin</a> is an <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> approved HCoV-NL63 inhibitor that is also used to treat <a href="/wiki/Primary_immune_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary immune deficiency">primary immune deficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_respiratory_syncytial_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human respiratory syncytial virus">RSV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_disease" title="Kawasaki disease">Kawasaki disease</a>, although it is not approved for the treatment of HCoV-NL63.<sup id="cite_ref-van_der_Hoek_2006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Hoek_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virology">Virology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Virology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HCoV-NL63 is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:<sup id="cite_ref-Other_Coronaviruses_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other_Coronaviruses-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_research">Recent research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research published in 2005 by Esper, <i>et al.</i> suggested an association of <i>HCoV-NL63</i> infection with <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_disease" title="Kawasaki disease">Kawasaki disease</a>, a systemic <a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">vasculitis</a> in childhood that may result in <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Coronary_arteries" title="Coronary arteries">coronary arteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the developed world, Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a> in children.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further analysis of HCoV-NL63 <a href="/wiki/Pathogenicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogenicity">pathogenicity</a> seems warranted, in particular because of recent evidence that this virus uses the same <a href="/wiki/Cellular_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular receptor">cellular receptor</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACE2" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE2">ACE2</a>) as both <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a> (the causal agent of <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (the causal agent of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Hofmann_2005_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofmann_2005-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter of which can provoke <a href="/wiki/Multisystem_inflammatory_syndrome_in_children" title="Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children">a similar immune response</a>. HCoV-NL63 has also been found in the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal tract">intestinal tract</a> of infected individuals and linked to <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fielding_2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fielding_2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of infection is the direct result of the viral invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Mucosal_lining" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosal lining">mucosal lining</a> of the intestines. The role of HCoV-NL63 in <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a> is unclear due to typical <a href="/wiki/Coinfection" title="Coinfection">coinfection</a> with other viruses in this condition. HCoV-NL63 is likely under-detected due its role in many mild to moderate respiratory infections and comorbidity with other disease. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202301853&taxon_name=Alphacoronavirus%20amsterdamense">"Taxon Details | ICTV"</a>. <i>International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-21</span></span>. <q>The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. The organ- and cell-specific expression of this gene suggests that it may play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function, as well as fertility. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Future+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Human+coronavirus+NL63%3A+a+clinically+important+virus%3F&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-9&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7079714%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21366416&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2217%2Ffmb.10.166&rft.aulast=Fielding&rft.aufirst=BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7079714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+coronavirus+NL63" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span 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title="Pisoniviricetes">Pisoniviricetes</a></i> > <i><a href="/wiki/Nidovirales" title="Nidovirales">Nidovirales</a></i> > <i><a href="/wiki/Cornidovirineae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornidovirineae">Cornidovirineae</a></i> > <i>Coronaviridae</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Orthocoronavirinae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthocoronavirinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthocoronavirinae">Orthocoronavirinae</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Colacovirus" title="Colacovirus">Colacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bat coronavirus CDPHE15</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Decacovirus" title="Decacovirus">Decacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bat_coronavirus_HKU10" title="Bat coronavirus HKU10">Bat coronavirus HKU10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinolophus_ferrumequinum_alphacoronavirus_HuB-2013" title="Rhinolophus ferrumequinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013">Rhinolophus ferrumequinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Duvinacovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Duvinacovirus">Duvinacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Human coronavirus 229E</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Luchacovirus" title="Luchacovirus">Luchacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Minacovirus" title="Minacovirus">Minacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Mink coronavirus 1</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Minunacovirus" title="Minunacovirus">Minunacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miniopterus_bat_coronavirus_1" title="Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1">Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miniopterus_bat_coronavirus_HKU8" title="Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8">Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Myotacovirus" title="Myotacovirus">Myotacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Myotis ricketti alphacoronavirus Sax-2011</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctacovirus" title="Nyctacovirus">Nyctacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctalus_velutinus_alphacoronavirus_SC-2013" title="Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013">Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipistrellus_kuhlii_coronavirus_3398" title="Pipistrellus kuhlii coronavirus 3398">Pipistrellus kuhlii coronavirus 3398</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pedacovirus" title="Pedacovirus">Pedacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Porcine_epidemic_diarrhea_virus" title="Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus">Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scotophilus_bat_coronavirus_512" title="Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512">Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinacovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinacovirus">Rhinacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Setracovirus" title="Setracovirus">Setracovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human coronavirus NL63</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NL63-related_bat_coronavirus_strain_BtKYNL63-9b" title="NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b">NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Soracovirus" title="Soracovirus">Soracovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Sorex araneus coronavirus T14</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunacovirus" title="Sunacovirus">Sunacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Suncus murinus coronavirus X74</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tegacovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegacovirus">Tegacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Alphacoronavirus 1</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_coronavirus" title="Feline coronavirus">Feline coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canine_coronavirus" title="Canine coronavirus">Canine coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canine_coronavirus_HuPn-2018" title="Canine coronavirus HuPn-2018">Canine coronavirus HuPn-2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmissible_gastroenteritis_virus" title="Transmissible gastroenteritis virus">Transmissible gastroenteritis virus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Embecovirus" title="Embecovirus">Embecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus_1" title="Betacoronavirus 1">Betacoronavirus 1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_coronavirus" title="Bovine coronavirus">Bovine coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">Human coronavirus OC43</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Rattus_coronavirus_HKU24" title="China Rattus coronavirus HKU24">China Rattus coronavirus HKU24</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">Human coronavirus HKU1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murine_coronavirus" title="Murine coronavirus">Murine coronavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rat_coronavirus" title="Rat coronavirus">Rat coronavirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myodes_coronavirus_2JL14" title="Myodes coronavirus 2JL14">Myodes coronavirus 2JL14</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hibecovirus" title="Hibecovirus">Hibecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Merbecovirus" title="Merbecovirus">Merbecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_coronavirus_1" title="Hedgehog coronavirus 1">Hedgehog coronavirus 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London1_novel_CoV/2012" title="London1 novel CoV/2012">London1_novel CoV/2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS_coronavirus_EMC/2012" title="MERS coronavirus EMC/2012">MERS coronavirus EMC/2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipistrellus_bat_coronavirus_HKU5" title="Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5">Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tylonycteris_bat_coronavirus_HKU4" title="Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4">Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nobecovirus" title="Nobecovirus">Nobecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eidolon_bat_coronavirus_C704" title="Eidolon bat coronavirus C704">Eidolon bat coronavirus C704</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rousettus_bat_coronavirus_GCCDC1" title="Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1">Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rousettus_bat_coronavirus_HKU9" title="Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9">Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sarbecovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarbecovirus">Sarbecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SARS-related_coronavirus" title="SARS-related coronavirus">SARS-related coronavirus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1">SARS-CoV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BANAL-52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BANAL-52 (page does not exist)">BANAL-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_SARS-like_coronavirus_WIV1" title="Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1">Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RacCS203" title="RacCS203">RacCS203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaTG13" title="RaTG13">RaTG13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RmYN02" title="RmYN02">RmYN02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RpYN06" title="RpYN06">RpYN06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHC014-CoV" title="SHC014-CoV">SHC014-CoV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">Gammacoronavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Brangacovirus" title="Brangacovirus">Brangacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Goose coronavirus CB17</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cegacovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cegacovirus">Cegacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale_coronavirus_SW1" title="Beluga whale coronavirus SW1">Beluga whale coronavirus SW1</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Igacovirus" title="Igacovirus">Igacovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avian_coronavirus" title="Avian coronavirus">Avian coronavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avian_coronavirus_9203" title="Avian coronavirus 9203">Avian coronavirus 9203</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duck_coronavirus_2714" title="Duck coronavirus 2714">Duck coronavirus 2714</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus" title="Deltacoronavirus">Deltacoronavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Andecovirus" title="Andecovirus">Andecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Wigeon coronavirus HKU20</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Buldecovirus" title="Buldecovirus">Buldecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulbul_coronavirus_HKU11" title="Bulbul coronavirus HKU11">Bulbul coronavirus HKU11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_moorhen_coronavirus_HKU21" title="Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21">Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_HKU15" title="Coronavirus HKU15">Coronavirus HKU15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munia_coronavirus_HKU13" title="Munia coronavirus HKU13">Munia coronavirus HKU13</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-eye_coronavirus_HKU16" title="White-eye coronavirus HKU16">White-eye coronavirus HKU16</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Herdecovirus" title="Herdecovirus">Herdecovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Night heron coronavirus HKU19</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Letovirinae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Letovirinae" title="Letovirinae">Letovirinae</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Alphaletovirus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i>Alphaletovirus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Milecovirus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i>Milecovirus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Microhyla letovirus 1</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a> –– <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coronaviridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Coronaviridae">Wikispecies</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Human coronavirus NL63</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8351095" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q8351095">Q8351095</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Human coronavirus NL63">Human coronavirus NL63</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3MT7Z">3MT7Z</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8615514">8615514</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/10427723">10427723</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11459994">11459994</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=277944">277944</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&oldid=1245960645">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_coronavirus_NL63&oldid=1245960645</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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