santé - LAROUSSE

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</div> <div id="Wrapper" class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="zone-content col-md-8"> <article class="content" id="912189" idc="184330" class="content" role="article"> <header> <h1 class="strong">santé</h1> <p class="post-adresse"><small>[dossier]</small></p> <figure class="img-ref"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/G%C3%A9nome_humain/1314751"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314751-G%c3%a9nome_humain.jpg" alt="Génome humain" title="Génome humain"></a><figcaption>Génome humain</figcaption></figure></header> <aside class="dossier" role="complementary"> <p class="info">Pour avoir une vue d'ensemble sur la <b>santé</b>, consultez en priorité les articles suivants du dossier en cliquant sur celui de votre choix : </p> <ul> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/sant%C3%A9_publique/90008"><b>santé publique</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/alcoolisme/19773"><b>alcoolisme</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/alimentation/19933"><b>alimentation</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/don_dorgane/75256"><b>don d'organe</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/dopage/44441"><b>dopage</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/drogue/44828"><b>drogue</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/hygi%C3%A8ne/59218"><b>hygiène</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/maladie/67643"><b>maladie</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/maladie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique/185908"><b>maladie génétique</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/maladie_infectieuse/61205"><b>maladie infectieuse</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/malnutrition/67774"><b>malnutrition</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/medical/ob%C3%A9sit%C3%A9/14866"><b>obésité</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/tabagisme/95469"><b>tabagisme</b></a> </li> <li><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/transfusion_sanguine/98345"><b>transfusion</b></a> </li> </ul> </aside> <h2 class="h3" id="917286">Résumé du dossier</h2> <section class="gallery right"> <figure class="sel"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Cocci/1315000"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1315000-Cocci.jpg" alt="Cocci" title="Cocci"></a><figcaption>Cocci</figcaption></figure> <figure><a href="/encyclopedie/images/G%C3%A9nome_humain/1314751"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/images/1314751-G%c3%a9nome_humain.jpg" alt="Génome humain" title="Génome humain"></a><figcaption>Génome humain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="animation" data-src="/encyclopedie/animations/R%C3%A9ponse_immunitaire/1100413"><a href="/encyclopedie/animations/R%C3%A9ponse_immunitaire/1100413"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/animations/1100413-R%c3%a9ponse_immunitaire.jpg" alt="Réponse immunitaire" title="Réponse immunitaire"></a><figcaption>Réponse immunitaire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="carte" data-src="/encyclopedie/cartes/Les_d%C3%A9penses_de_sant%C3%A9/1309311"><a href="/encyclopedie/cartes/Les_d%C3%A9penses_de_sant%C3%A9/1309311"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/cartes/1309311-Les_d%c3%a9penses_de_sant%c3%a9.jpg" alt="Les dépenses de santé" title="Les dépenses de santé"></a><figcaption>Les dépenses de santé</figcaption></figure> <ul><li class="sel"><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1315000.jpg" title="Cocci" alt="Cocci"></li><li><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314751.jpg" title="Génome humain" alt="Génome humain"></li><li><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1100413.jpg" title="Réponse immunitaire" alt="Réponse immunitaire"></li><li><img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1309311.jpg" title="Les dépenses de santé" alt="Les dépenses de santé"></li></ul></section> <p>Selon l’<b>Organisation mondiale de la santé</b>, une absence de <b>maladie</b> ou d’<b>infirmité</b> ne définit pas complètement la santé, qui doit être comprise comme un état de complet bien-être, mental et social. En un siècle l’<b>espérance de vie</b> a augmenté de 28 ans dans les pays européens. Ce progrès repose sur le recul de la <b>mortalité infantile</b> et celui des <b>maladies infectieuses</b>, grâce à l’amélioration des techniques médicales et à la diffusion des <b>vaccins</b> et des <b>antibiotiques</b>. Cependant, la fréquence des <b>cancers</b>, des <b>maladies cardio-vasculaires</b> et de l’<b>obésité</b> est en constante augmentation, notamment dans les pays industrialisés. Le <b>vieillissement de la population</b>, la dégradation de l’<b>environnement</b>, les <b>pollutions</b>, la <b>sédentarité</b>, une <b>alimentation</b> déséquilibrée en sont des causes. En outre, des maladies nouvelles sont apparues <b>(sida, sras, virus Ebola)</b>, tandis que des maladies que l’on croyait endiguées sont de nouveau en expansion, comme la <b>tuberculose</b>. Concernant la santé, les inégalités sont criantes de par le monde : si le défi des pays riches est de bien vieillir, celui des pays pauvres est plutôt, simplement de vieillir. Ceux-ci sont confrontés à trois problèmes majeurs : la <b>malnutrition</b>, l’absence d’<b>eau</b> de bonne qualité et le non accès aux <b>soins</b> et à l’éducation. L’<b>ONU</b> a adopté en 2000, dans sa Déclaration du millénaire, une charte comprenant divers « Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement », dont beaucoup concernent la santé : réduire la faim, la mortalité infantile, le nombre de femmes mourant pendant la <b>grossesse</b>, l’extrême <b>pauvreté</b>, etc.</p> </article> <div class="panel-pays"> </div> <div class="rwm-podcast-player" data-pid="1eca0639-3a13-635a-a5fc-c9380f86a94d"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pub-pave oasm"> </div> <div class="panel-da"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /><span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">Médias associés</p> </div> <div class="zone-medias"> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/Cocci/1315000"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1315000-Cocci.jpg" alt="Cocci" title="Cocci" /></a> <figcaption>Cocci</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/images/G%C3%A9nome_humain/1314751"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314751-Génome_humain.jpg" alt="Génome humain" title="Génome humain" /></a> <figcaption>Génome humain</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/cartes/Les_d%C3%A9penses_de_sant%C3%A9/1309311"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1309311-Les_dépenses_de_santé.jpg" alt="Les dépenses de santé" title="Les dépenses de santé" /></a> <figcaption>Les dépenses de santé</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo"><a href="/encyclopedie/animations/R%C3%A9ponse_immunitaire/1100413"> <img src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1100413-Réponse_immunitaire.jpg" alt="Réponse immunitaire" title="Réponse immunitaire" /></a> <figcaption>Réponse immunitaire</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div id="taboola-right-rail-encyclo-thumbnails" class="taboola"></div>  <div class="pub-pave oasm3"></div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="pub-bottom oasb"> </div>    <div class="footer"> <span class="footer-left"> <a href="/contenu/applications/applications_mobiles">Applications mobiles</a> <a href="/index">Index</a> <a href="/infos/credits">Mentions légales et crédits</a> <a href="/infos/cgu">CGU</a> <a href="/infos/cgv">CGV</a> <a href="/infos/confidentialite">Charte de confidentialité</a> <a class="optanon-show-settings">Cookies</a> <a href="/infos/contact">Contact</a> </span> <span class="footer-right"> <span>© Larousse</span> </span> </div>  </div> </body>      <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/slick/slick.min.js"></script>     <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-1"> //alert("CATEGORY-1: OK \nCookies strictement nécessaires"); 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// //initSAStrigger(); // regispub: trigger Pub (body, etc...) via smartadserver //ads(); // regispub: themoneytizer //AdsEx(); // regispub: quantx(elasticad), Teads //alert("ads()-quantxAds(): OK"); </script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-8"> //alert("CATEGORY-8: OK \nCookies réseaux sociaux"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //twitter(); // Box Twitter //facebook(); // Box facebook //googleplus(); // Box Google Plus //alert("twitter()-facebook()-googleplus(): OK"); </script>      <script id="poool-access" src="https://assets.poool.fr/access.min.js" async></script> <script> var access = null; const script_access = document.getElementById('poool-access'); script_access.addEventListener('load', function () { // var spwpoool_ = getCookie('spwpoool_'); if(window.location.toString().indexOf("/infos/") > 0) spwpoool_ = false; // Paywall & pageInfos(footer) // if (spwpoool_ == null || spwpoool_ == 'true') { //alert("spwpoool_[" + spwpoool_+"]: \n - createPaywall \n - poool-widget=show() + wrapper=blur(3) \n - event(Poool+oneTrust)"); access = Access.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").show(); // wrapper -> blur(3) >>> flou $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-webkit-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-moz-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-o-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-ms-filter' : 'blur(3px)' }); // event back consent access.on('consent', function () { //alert("access.on('consent')"); // change Consent (accept All Cookie) ///////////////////////////////////// //OneTrust.AllowAll(); // => [OK] // Display Banner OneTrust (!niveau 2:setting!) /////////////////////////////////////////////// OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay(); // => [OK] OneTrust.OnConsentChanged(function () { //alert("OneTrust.OnConsentChanged => Value: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups + "]"); if (OnetrustActiveGroups.match(/,4,/) != null) { // consentement oneTrust: [OK] (OnetrustActiveGroups == 4) setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); // gestion First-ID initFirstID(); }else{ // consentement oneTrust: [KO] (OnetrustActiveGroups != 4) // (ré)activation paywall POOOL access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); } }); }); }else{ // //alert("spwpoool_[false]: noPaywall"); } }); // function disablePaywall(){ //alert("disablePaywall(): \n - destroyPaywall(?) \n - poool-widget=hide() + wrapper=blur(0) \n - cookie spwpoool_: false"); // // Destroy Paywall (?) if(access){ //alert("access != null : destroyPaywall"); access.destroy(); } // //alert("- <div poool-widget>: hide() \n- <div wrapper>: blur(0)"); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").hide(); // wrapper -> blur(0) >>> ok $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'none', '-webkit-filter' : 'none', '-moz-filter' : 'none', '-o-filter' : 'none', '-ms-filter' : 'none' }); // // Set cookie [hide payWall] //alert("cookie spwpoool_: false"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'false', 1); } </script>  <script id="poool-subscribe" src="https://assets.poool-subscribe.fr/subscribe.js" async></script> <script> const script_subscribe = document.getElementById('poool-subscribe'); script_subscribe.addEventListener('load', function () { subscribe = Subscribe.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-topbar' }); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-menuburger' }); //subscribe.config('debug', true); // Appel ( async / await) ///////////////////////// async function getUserDatas() { const user = await subscribe.getUser(); //[KO] user => undefined //alert("user info: " + user // + "\nid_subscription: " + user.subscription.subscriptionId // + "\nstatus: " + user.subscription.status // + "\ncreatedAt: " + user.subscription.createdAt); if(user != undefined && user.subscription != null && user.subscription.status == "active"){ //alert("status == active : subscribe[OK]"); $("#auth-widget-topbar").css("margin-top", "12px"); // alignement infoUSer (topbar) disablePaywall(); }else{ // //alert("access[null] OR subscribe[KO]: keepContext"); } } getUserDatas(); }); </script>     <script src="https://cdn.first-id.fr/sdk/loader/loader.min.js"></script>   <script> // function initFirstID() { // //alert("gestion first-ID"); console.log('version/call first-ID') // window.firstId = window.firstId || { callbacks: [], // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded debug: false, // if you want to see the logs of the SDK cookieName: 'firstid', // the name of the cookie where you put the First-id value after the gate redirect // User hashed email value emailCookieName: 'hashed_email', // the name of the cookie where we can find the hashed email value after the user login emailHashed: null, // OR the hashed email value of the user if you have it before the SDK initialization emailGetterCallback: null, // OR a callback to get the hashed email value of the user refreshCookieName: 'firstid_refresh', // the name of the cookie that SDK create to tell you to make a redirect to our gate to resync the First-id value }; // // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded. #1') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #1'); }); // // callback to get the First-id value window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded #2') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #2'); try { var _firstID = FIRSTID.getId(); // you can access to the First-id SDK with the global variable "FIRSTID", this method return the First-id value console.log('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID) //alert('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID); } catch (e) { if (e.code === 'FirstIdCookieNotFound') { console.log('FirstID cookie not found'); //alert('[First-id callbacks]: FirstID cookie not found'); } } }); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/js/masterpage.js"></script>  </html>

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