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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-時尚和廣告" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#時尚和廣告"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>時尚和廣告</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-時尚和廣告-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>科學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電子遊戲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電子遊戲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>電子遊戲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電子遊戲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">生成对抗网络</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。26种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شبكة خصومية توليدية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبكة خصومية توليدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarxa_generativa_antag%C3%B2nica" title="Xarxa generativa antagònica – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xarxa generativa antagònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="تۆڕی بەرھەمھێنەری دژبەر – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆڕی بەرھەمھێنەری دژبەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_Adversarial_Networks" title="Generative Adversarial Networks – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Generative Adversarial Networks" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BF" title="Παραγωγικό αντιπαραθετικό δίκτυο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραγωγικό αντιπαραθετικό δίκτυο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network" title="Generative adversarial network – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Generative adversarial network" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_Adversarial_Networks" title="Generative Adversarial Networks – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Generative Adversarial Networks" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_generativa_adversativa" title="Red generativa adversativa – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Red generativa adversativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="شبکه‌های زایای دشمن‌گونه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبکه‌های زایای دشمن‌گونه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generatiivinen_kilpaileva_verkosto" title="Generatiivinen kilpaileva verkosto – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Generatiivinen kilpaileva verkosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seaux_antagonistes_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ratifs" title="Réseaux antagonistes génératifs – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réseaux antagonistes génératifs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_xerativa_adversativa" title="Rede xerativa adversativa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rede xerativa adversativa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAN_(%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="GAN (למידה חישובית) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="GAN (למידה חישובית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_generativa_avversaria" title="Rete generativa avversaria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rete generativa avversaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B5%E5%AF%BE%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="敵対的生成ネットワーク – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="敵対的生成ネットワーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%81_%EC%A0%81%EB%8C%80_%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EB%A7%9D" title="생성적 적대 신경망 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생성적 적대 신경망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generatief_antagonistennetwerk" title="Generatief antagonistennetwerk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Generatief antagonistennetwerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Генеративно-состязательная сеть – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генеративно-состязательная сеть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_networks" title="Generative adversarial networks – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Generative adversarial networks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generativa_motst%C3%A5ndarn%C3%A4tverk" title="Generativa motståndarnätverk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Generativa motståndarnätverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="โครงข่ายปฏิปักษ์ก่อกำเนิด – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงข่ายปฏิปักษ์ก่อกำเนิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eki%C5%9Fmeli_%C3%BCretici_a%C4%9F" title="Çekişmeli üretici ağ – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekişmeli üretici ağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Генеративна змагальна мережа – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генеративна змагальна мережа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_ngh%E1%BB%8Bch_t%E1%BA%A1o_sinh" title="Mạng đối nghịch tạo sinh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mạng đối nghịch tạo sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%E2%81%BF-s%C3%AAng_t%C3%B9i-kh%C3%B2ng_b%C4%81ng-l%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seⁿ-sêng tùi-khòng bāng-lō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="生成對抗網絡 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生成對抗網絡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25104379#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="数据挖掘">数据挖掘</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg/220px-Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg/330px-Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg/440px-Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">范式</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="监督学习">监督学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="無監督學習">無監督學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上機器學習">線上機器學習</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="元学习 (计算机科学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meta-learning (computer science)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元学习 (计算机科学)（页面不存在）">元学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-learning_(computer_science)" class="extiw" title="en:Meta-learning (computer science)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meta-learning (computer science)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="半监督学习">半监督学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="自监督学习">自监督学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="强化学习">强化学习</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基于规则的机器学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rule-based machine learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基于规则的机器学习（页面不存在）">基于规则的机器学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule-based_machine_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Rule-based machine learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rule-based machine learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="量子機器學習">量子機器學習</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">问题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="统计分类">统计分类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="生成模型">生成模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="迴歸分析">迴歸分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚类分析">聚类分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%B4" title="降维">降维</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密度估计" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="density estimation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E4%BC%B0%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密度估计（页面不存在）">密度估计</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/density_estimation" class="extiw" title="en:density estimation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">density estimation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="异常检测">异常检测</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97" title="数据清洗">数据清洗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="自动机器学习">自动机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="关联规则学习">关联规则学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%84%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="語意分析">語意分析</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结构预测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Structured prediction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E9%A2%84%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构预测（页面不存在）">结构预测</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_prediction" class="extiw" title="en:Structured prediction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Structured prediction</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="特征工程">特征工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="表征学习">表征学习</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排序学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Learning to rank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排序学习（页面不存在）">排序学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank" class="extiw" title="en:Learning to rank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Learning to rank</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语法归纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grammar induction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%BD%92%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语法归纳（页面不存在）">语法归纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_induction" class="extiw" title="en:Grammar induction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grammar induction</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="本体学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ontology learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本体学习（页面不存在）">本体学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Ontology learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ontology learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A1%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="多模态学习">多模态学习</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="监督学习">监督学习</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><small>(<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="统计分类">分类</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="回归分析">回归</a></b>)</small></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="学徒学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apprenticeship learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A6%E5%BE%92%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="学徒学习（页面不存在）">学徒学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Apprenticeship learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apprenticeship learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%A0%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="决策树学习">决策树学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="集成学习">集成学习</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagging%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="Bagging算法">Bagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="提升方法">提升方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="随机森林">随机森林</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-%E8%BF%91%E9%82%BB%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="K-近邻算法"><i>k</i>-NN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8" title="線性回歸">線性回歸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E7%B4%A0%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%B6%E6%96%AF%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%99%A8" title="朴素贝叶斯分类器">朴素贝叶斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E8%AB%A6%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8" title="邏輯斯諦迴歸">邏輯斯諦迴歸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%99%A8" title="感知器">感知器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%BA" title="相关向量机">相关向量机（RVM）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%BA" title="支持向量机">支持向量机（SVM）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="迁移学习">迁移学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%B0%83_(%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0)" title="微调 (深度学习)">微调</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚类分析">聚类分析</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BIRCH" title="BIRCH">BIRCH</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CURE算法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CURE algorithm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURE%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CURE算法（页面不存在）">CURE算法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURE_algorithm" class="extiw" title="en:CURE algorithm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CURE algorithm</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB" title="层次聚类">层次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="K-平均算法"><i>k</i>-平均</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%B3%8A%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB" title="模糊聚类">Fuzzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="最大期望算法">期望最大化（EM）</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/DBSCAN" title="DBSCAN">DBSCAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPTICS" title="OPTICS">OPTICS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="均值飘移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mean shift"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%87%E5%80%BC%E9%A3%98%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="均值飘移（页面不存在）">均值飘移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_shift" class="extiw" title="en:Mean shift"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mean shift</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%B4" title="降维">降维</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="因素分析">因素分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B8%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3" title="典型相关">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="独立成分分析">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A4%E5%88%A5%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="線性判別分析">LDA</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非负矩阵分解" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-negative matrix factorization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E8%B4%9F%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非负矩阵分解（页面不存在）">NMF</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-negative_matrix_factorization" class="extiw" title="en:Non-negative matrix factorization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-negative matrix factorization</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="主成分分析">PCA</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适当广义分解" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proper generalized decomposition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BD%93%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适当广义分解（页面不存在）">PGD</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_generalized_decomposition" class="extiw" title="en:Proper generalized decomposition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proper generalized decomposition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="t-分布随机邻域嵌入" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%82%BB%E5%9F%9F%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-分布随机邻域嵌入（页面不存在）">t-SNE</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/t-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding" class="extiw" title="en:t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding"><span lang="en" dir="auto">t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E7%96%8F%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="稀疏字典學習">SDL</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结构预测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Structured prediction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E9%A2%84%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构预测（页面不存在）">结构预测</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_prediction" class="extiw" title="en:Structured prediction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Structured prediction</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="圖模式">圖模式</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%B0%8F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" title="貝氏網路">貝氏網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%9F%9F" title="條件隨機域">條件隨機域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="隐马尔可夫模型">隐马尔可夫模型</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="异常检测">异常检测</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E6%8A%BD%E6%A8%A3%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4" title="隨機抽樣一致">RANSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-%E8%BF%91%E9%82%BB%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="K-近邻算法"><i>k</i>-NN</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="局部异常因子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local outlier factor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="局部异常因子（页面不存在）">局部异常因子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_outlier_factor" class="extiw" title="en:Local outlier factor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local outlier factor</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Isolation forest" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isolation forest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolation_forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolation forest（页面不存在）">孤立森林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_forest" class="extiw" title="en:Isolation forest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isolation forest</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%99%A8" title="自编码器">自编码器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97" title="認知計算">認知計算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="DeepDream" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="DeepDream"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeepDream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeepDream（页面不存在）">DeepDream</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepDream" class="extiw" title="en:DeepDream"><span lang="en" dir="auto">DeepDream</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%99%A8" title="多层感知器">多层感知器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="循环神经网络">RNN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="長短期記憶">LSTM</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="门控循环单元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gated recurrent unit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="门控循环单元（页面不存在）">GRU</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" class="extiw" title="en:Gated recurrent unit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gated recurrent unit</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回声状态网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Echo state network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%A3%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回声状态网络（页面不存在）">ESN</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_state_network" class="extiw" title="en:Echo state network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Echo state network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="储备池计算" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="reservoir computing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E6%B1%A0%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="储备池计算（页面不存在）">储备池计算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reservoir_computing" class="extiw" title="en:reservoir computing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">reservoir computing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E9%99%90%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E6%9B%BC%E6%9C%BA" title="受限玻尔兹曼机">受限玻尔兹曼机</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" title="自组织映射">SOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">CNN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-Net" title="U-Net">U-Net</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Transformer模型">Transformer</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vision transformer" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vision transformer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vision_transformer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vision transformer（页面不存在）">Vision transformer</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_transformer" class="extiw" title="en:Vision transformer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vision transformer</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脉冲神经网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spiking neural network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脉冲神经网络（页面不存在）">脉冲神经网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiking_neural_network" class="extiw" title="en:Spiking neural network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spiking neural network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Memtransistor" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Memtransistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memtransistor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memtransistor（页面不存在）">Memtransistor</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memtransistor" class="extiw" title="en:Memtransistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Memtransistor</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Electrochemical RAM" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electrochemical RAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrochemical_RAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrochemical RAM（页面不存在）">电化学RAM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM" class="extiw" title="en:Electrochemical RAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electrochemical RAM</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（ECRAM）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="强化学习">强化学习</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="Q学习">Q学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARSA%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="SARSA算法">SARSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8F%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="时序差分学习">时序差分（TD）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多智能体强化学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multi-agent reinforcement learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E4%BD%93%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多智能体强化学习（页面不存在）">多智能体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-agent_reinforcement_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Multi-agent reinforcement learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multi-agent reinforcement learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Self-play (强化学习技术)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Self-play (reinforcement learning technique)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-play_(%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-play (强化学习技术)（页面不存在）">Self-play</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-play_(reinforcement_learning_technique)" class="extiw" title="en:Self-play (reinforcement learning technique)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Self-play (reinforcement learning technique)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="基于人类反馈的强化学习">RLHF</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">与人类学习</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主动学习 (机器学习)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Active learning (machine learning)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0_(%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主动学习 (机器学习)（页面不存在）">主动学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_learning_(machine_learning)" class="extiw" title="en:Active learning (machine learning)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Active learning (machine learning)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E5%8C%85" title="众包">众包</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Human-in-the-loop" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human-in-the-loop"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human-in-the-loop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human-in-the-loop（页面不存在）">Human-in-the-loop</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-in-the-loop" class="extiw" title="en:Human-in-the-loop"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human-in-the-loop</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">模型诊断</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="学习曲线 (机器学习)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Learning curve (machine learning)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF_(%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="学习曲线 (机器学习)（页面不存在）">学习曲线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve_(machine_learning)" class="extiw" title="en:Learning curve (machine learning)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Learning curve (machine learning)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">数学基础</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="内核机器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kernel machines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内核机器（页面不存在）">内核机器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_machines" class="extiw" title="en:Kernel machines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kernel machines</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="偏差–方差困境" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bias–variance tradeoff"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE%E2%80%93%E6%96%B9%E5%B7%AE%E5%9B%B0%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偏差–方差困境（页面不存在）">偏差–方差困境</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff" class="extiw" title="en:Bias–variance tradeoff"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bias–variance tradeoff</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算学习理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational learning theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算学习理论（页面不存在）">计算学习理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_learning_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Computational learning theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational learning theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%8C%96" title="经验风险最小化">经验风险最小化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Occam learning" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Occam learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occam_learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occam learning（页面不存在）">奥卡姆学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Occam learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Occam learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="概率近似正确学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Probably approximately correct learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="概率近似正确学习（页面不存在）">PAC学习</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Probably approximately correct learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Probably approximately correct learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="统计学习理论">统计学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="VC理论">VC理论</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">大会与出版物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="神经信息处理系统大会">NeurIPS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际机器学习大会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Conference on Machine Learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际机器学习大会（页面不存在）">ICML</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Machine_Learning" class="extiw" title="en:International Conference on Machine Learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Conference on Machine Learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="国际表征学习大会">ICLR</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机器学习 (期刊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Machine Learning (journal)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机器学习 (期刊)（页面不存在）">ML</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_(journal)" class="extiw" title="en:Machine Learning (journal)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Machine Learning (journal)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机器学习研究期刊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Journal of Machine Learning Research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机器学习研究期刊（页面不存在）">JMLR</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Journal of Machine Learning Research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Journal of Machine Learning Research</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; background:#ddd;">相关条目</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能术语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能术语（页面不存在）">人工智能术语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of artificial intelligence</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机器学习研究数据集列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of datasets for machine-learning research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机器学习研究数据集列表（页面不存在）">机器学习研究数据集列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research" class="extiw" title="en:List of datasets for machine-learning research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of datasets for machine-learning research</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机器学习概要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of machine learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机器学习概要（页面不存在）">机器学习概要</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_machine_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of machine learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of machine learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A0%8F" title="Template:机器学习导航栏"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:机器学习导航栏（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A0%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:机器学习导航栏"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-f3e2a619" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <p><b>生成对抗网络</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Generative Adversarial Network</span>，简称<b>GAN</b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="非监督式学习">非监督式学习</a>的一种方法，通過两个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">神经網路</a>相互<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AE%BA" title="博弈论">博弈</a>的方式进行学习。该方法由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%B4%9B" title="伊恩·古德费洛">伊恩·古德费洛</a>等人于2014年提出。<sup id="cite_ref-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 生成對抗網絡由一個生成網絡與一個判別網絡組成。生成網絡從潛在空間（latent space）中隨機取樣作為輸入，其輸出結果需要盡量模仿訓練集中的真實樣本。判別網絡的輸入則為真實樣本或生成網絡的輸出，其目的是將生成網絡的輸出從真實樣本中盡可能分辨出來。而生成網絡則要盡可能地欺騙判別網絡。兩個網絡相互對抗、不斷調整參數，最終目的是使判別網絡無法判斷生成網絡的輸出結果是否真實。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OpenAI_com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenAI_com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg/220px-GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg/330px-GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg/440px-GAN_deepfake_white_girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>由GAN deepfake生成的人脸</figcaption></figure> <p>生成對抗網絡常用於生成以假亂真的圖片。<sup id="cite_ref-ITT_GANs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITT_GANs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外，該方法還被用於生成影片<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、三維物體模型<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等。 </p><p>生成對抗網絡虽然最开始提出是為了<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="無監督學習">無監督學習</a>，但经證明對<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="半監督學習" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Semi-supervised_learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="半监督学习">半監督學習</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ITT_GANs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITT_GANs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="完全監督學習">完全監督學習</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="强化学习">強化學習</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>也有效。在2016年的一個研討會上，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%98%86" title="杨立昆">杨立昆</a>称生成式對抗網絡为「機器學習這二十年來最酷的想法」<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生成對抗網路的應用範圍正在大幅增加。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="時尚和廣告"><span id=".E6.99.82.E5.B0.9A.E5.92.8C.E5.BB.A3.E5.91.8A"></span>時尚和廣告</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：時尚和廣告"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生成對抗網路可用于创建虚构时装模特的照片，无需聘请模特、摄影师、化妆师，也省下工作室和交通的開銷<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。生成對抗網路可用于时尚广告活动，创建來自不同群體的模特兒，这可能会增加這些群體的人的购买意图<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科學"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8"></span>科學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：科學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生成對抗網路可以改善天文图像<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并模拟重力透镜以进行暗物质研究<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在2019年，生成對抗網路成功地模拟了暗物质在太空中特定方向的分布，并预测将要发生的引力透镜。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電子遊戲"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AD.90.E9.81.8A.E6.88.B2"></span>電子遊戲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：電子遊戲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在2018年，生成對抗網路进入了電子游戏改造社区。對舊的電子游戏透過图像训练，以4k或更高分辨率重新创建低分辨率2D纹理，然后对它们进行下取樣以适应游戏的原始分辨率（结果类似于抗锯齿的超级取樣方法）<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通过适当的训练，生成對抗網路提供更清晰、高于原始的2D纹理图像品質，同时完全保留原始的细节、颜色。<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%AB%96" title="互聯網死亡論">互聯網死亡論</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MyUser_Arxiv.org_April_7_2016c_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation arxiv">Goodfellow, Ian J.; Pouget-Abadie, Jean; Mirza, Mehdi; Xu, 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Phys.org. 2019-05-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-06-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414225712/https://phys.org/news/2019-05-cosmogan-neural-network-dark.html">存档</a>于2020-04-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.atitle=CosmoGAN%3A+Training+a+neural+network+to+study+dark+matter&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft.aulast=Kincade&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-05-cosmogan-neural-network-dark.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190516145206.htm">Training a neural network to study dark matter</a>. Science Daily. 2019-05-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-06-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430143314/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190516145206.htm">存档</a>于2020-04-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.atitle=Training+a+neural+network+to+study+dark+matter&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2019%2F05%2F190516145206.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">at 06:13, Katyanna Quach 20 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/05/20/neural_networks_dark_matter/">Cosmoboffins use neural networks to build dark matter maps the easy way</a>. www.theregister.co.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423222307/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/05/20/neural_networks_dark_matter/">存档</a>于2020-04-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.atitle=Cosmoboffins+use+neural+networks+to+build+dark+matter+maps+the+easy+way&rft.aufirst=Katyanna+Quach+20+May+2019&rft.aulast=at+06%3A13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theregister.co.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2019%2F05%2F20%2Fneural_networks_dark_matter%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mustafa, Mustafa; Bard, Deborah; Bhimji, Wahid; Lukić, Zarija; Al-Rfou, Rami; Kratochvil, Jan M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40668-019-0029-9">CosmoGAN: creating high-fidelity weak lensing convergence maps using Generative Adversarial Networks</a>. Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology. 2019-05-06, <b>6</b> (1): 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2197-7909"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2197-7909</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40668-019-0029-9"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1186/s40668-019-0029-9</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.atitle=CosmoGAN%3A+creating+high-fidelity+weak+lensing+convergence+maps+using+Generative+Adversarial+Networks&rft.au=Al-Rfou%2C+Rami&rft.au=Bard%2C+Deborah&rft.au=Bhimji%2C+Wahid&rft.au=Kratochvil%2C+Jan+M.&rft.au=Luki%C4%87%2C+Zarija&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft.aulast=Mustafa&rft.date=2019-05-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2197-7909&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Computational+Astrophysics+and+Cosmology&rft.pages=1&rft.volume=6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%2Fs40668-019-0029-9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40668-019-0029-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tang, Xiaoou; Qiao, Yu; Loy, Chen Change; Dong, Chao; Liu, Yihao; Gu, Jinjin; Wu, Shixiang; Yu, Ke; Wang, Xintao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00219v2">ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks</a>. 2018-09-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-06-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413014304/https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00219v2">存档</a>于2019-04-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&rft.atitle=ESRGAN%3A+Enhanced+Super-Resolution+Generative+Adversarial+Networks&rft.au=Dong%2C+Chao&rft.au=Gu%2C+Jinjin&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yihao&rft.au=Loy%2C+Chen+Change&rft.au=Qiao%2C+Yu&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xintao&rft.au=Wu%2C+Shixiang&rft.au=Yu%2C+Ke&rft.aufirst=Xiaoou&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F1809.00219v2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="运算学习理论（页面不存在）">运算学习理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_learning_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Computational learning theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational learning theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E7%BA%B3%E5%81%8F%E7%BD%AE" title="归纳偏置">归纳偏置</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D%E6%B3%95" title="梯度下降法">梯度下降</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="随机梯度下降" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stochastic gradient descent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机梯度下降（页面不存在）">SGD</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_gradient_descent" class="extiw" title="en:Stochastic gradient descent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stochastic gradient descent</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚类分析">聚类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="迴歸分析">回归</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E9%81%A9" title="過適">过拟合</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A7%89_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD)" title="幻觉 (人工智能)">幻觉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对抗机器学习" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adversarial machine learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E6%8A%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对抗机器学习（页面不存在）">对抗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_machine_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Adversarial machine learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adversarial machine learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="注意力机制">注意力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF" title="卷积">卷积</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%90%8D%E5%A4%B1%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="分類問題之損失函數">損失函數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="反向传播算法">反向传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="激活函数">激活函数</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softmax%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="Softmax函数">softmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%9E%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="S型函数">sigmoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%81%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="线性整流函数">ReLU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E5%8C%96_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="正则化 (数学)">正则化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E7%BB%83%E9%9B%86%E3%80%81%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E9%9B%86%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E9%9B%86" title="训练集、验证集和测试集">数据集</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扩散过程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diffusion process"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扩散过程（页面不存在）">扩散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_process" class="extiw" title="en:Diffusion process"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diffusion process</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="自我迴歸模型">自回归</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="运算科学">科学计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="語言模型">語言模型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="大型语言模型">大型语言模型</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">硬件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%87%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" title="张量处理单元">TPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" title="视觉处理单元">VPU</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Graphcore" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Graphcore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphcore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graphcore（页面不存在）">IPU</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphcore" class="extiw" title="en:Graphcore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Graphcore</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B6%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="憶阻器">憶阻器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SpiNNaker" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SpiNNaker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SpiNNaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpiNNaker（页面不存在）">SpiNNaker</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiNNaker" class="extiw" title="en:SpiNNaker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SpiNNaker</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件库</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theano" title="Theano">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keras" title="Keras">Keras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyTorch" title="PyTorch">PyTorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_JAX" title="Google JAX">JAX</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Flux (机器学习框架)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flux (machine-learning framework)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flux_(%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flux (机器学习框架)（页面不存在）">Flux.jl</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(machine-learning_framework)" class="extiw" title="en:Flux (machine-learning framework)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flux (machine-learning framework)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">架构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%99%A8" title="多层感知器">多层感知器</a>（MLP）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="循环神经网络">循环神经网络</a>（RNN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="長短期記憶">長短期記憶</a>（LSTM）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="门控循环单元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gated recurrent unit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="门控循环单元（页面不存在）">门控循环单元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" class="extiw" title="en:Gated recurrent unit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gated recurrent unit</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（GRU）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="卷积神经网络">卷积神经网络</a>（CNN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%8B%E5%B7%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="残差神经网络">残差神经网络</a>（ResNet）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Transformer模型">变换器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%99%A8" title="自编码器">自编码器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%88%86%E8%87%AA%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%99%A8" title="变分自编码器">变分自编码器</a>（VAE）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生成对抗网络</a>（GAN）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="图神经网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Graph neural network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图神经网络（页面不存在）">图神经网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_neural_network" class="extiw" title="en:Graph neural network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Graph neural network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（GNN）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回响状态网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Echo state network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%93%8D%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回响状态网络（页面不存在）">回响状态网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_state_network" class="extiw" title="en:Echo state network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Echo state network</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（ESN）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%9C%BA" title="神经图灵机">神经图灵机</a>（NTM）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可微分神经计算机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Differentiable neural computer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可微分神经计算机（页面不存在）">可微分神经计算机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable_neural_computer" class="extiw" title="en:Differentiable neural computer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Differentiable neural computer</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（DNC）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> 主题 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Portal:電腦程式設計">计算机编程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:技術">技术</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> 分类 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="Category:人工神经网络">人工神经网络</a></li> <li><a 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