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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Anterior corticospinal tract</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg/250px-Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg/375px-Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg/500px-Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anterior corticospinal tract seen in red at bottom center in figure (text tag found at upper-left).</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray680.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Gray680.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="550" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Decussation" title="Decussation">Decussation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Medullary_pyramids_(brainstem)" title="Medullary pyramids (brainstem)">pyramids</a>. Scheme showing passage of various <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fascicle" title="Nerve fascicle">fasciculi</a> from <a href="/wiki/Medulla_spinalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Medulla spinalis">medulla spinalis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla oblongata</a>. a. <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">Pons</a>. b. <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">Medulla oblongata</a>. c. Decussation of the pyramids. d. Section of cervical part of <a href="/wiki/Medulla_spinalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Medulla spinalis">medulla spinalis</a>. 1. Anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (in red). 2. <a href="/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract" title="Lateral corticospinal tract">Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus</a> (in red). 3. <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column">Dorsal column tracts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile fasciculus">gracile fasciculus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate fasciculus">cuneate fasciculus</a>) (in blue). 3’. <a href="/wiki/Gracile_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile nucleus">Gracile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuneate_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate nucleus">cuneate</a> nuclei. 4. <a href="/wiki/Anterolateral_corticospinal_tract" title="Anterolateral corticospinal tract">Anterolateral corticospinal tract</a> (in dotted line). 5. <a href="/wiki/Medullary_pyramids_(brainstem)" title="Medullary pyramids (brainstem)">Pyramid</a>. 6. <a href="/wiki/Lemniscus_(anatomy)" title="Lemniscus (anatomy)">Lemniscus</a>. 7. <a href="/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Medial longitudinal fasciculus">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</a>. 8. <a href="/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus">Ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus</a> (in blue). 9. <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus">Dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus</a> (in yellow).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>tractus corticospinalis anterior, fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1618">birnlex_1618</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.02.205%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.02.205</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6112">6112</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma72636">72636</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771341" class="extiw" title="d:Q4771341">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>anterior corticospinal tract</b> (also called the <b>ventral corticospinal tract</b>, <b>medial corticospinal tract</b>, <b>direct pyramidal tract</b>, or <b>anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus</b>) is a small bundle of <a href="/wiki/Descending_neuron" title="Descending neuron">descending</a> fibers that connect the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>. Descending tracts are pathways by which motor signals are sent from <a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron" title="Upper motor neuron">upper motor neurons</a> in the brain to <a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron" title="Lower motor neuron">lower motor neurons</a> which then directly innervate muscle to produce movement. The anterior corticospinal tract is usually small, varying inversely in size with the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract" title="Lateral corticospinal tract">lateral corticospinal tract</a>, which is the main part of the <a href="/wiki/Corticospinal_tract" title="Corticospinal tract">corticospinal tract</a>. </p><p>It lies close to the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_median_fissure_of_the_spinal_cord" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior median fissure of the spinal cord">anterior median fissure</a>, and is present only in the upper part of the spinal cord; gradually diminishing in size as it descends, it ends about the middle of the thoracic region. </p><p>It consists of descending fibers that arise from cells in the motor area of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. The impulse travels from these upper motor neurons (located in the pre-central gyrus of the brain) through the anterior column. In contrast to the fibers for the lateral corticospinal tract, the fibers for the anterior corticospinal tract do not decussate at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla oblongata</a>, although they do cross over in the spinal level they innervate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then synapse at the anterior horn with the lower motor neuron which then synapses with the target muscle at the motor end plate. In contrast to the lateral corticospinal tract which controls the movement of the limbs, the anterior corticospinal tract controls the movements of axial muscles (of the trunk). </p><p>A few of its fibers pass to the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral column">lateral column</a> of the same side and to the gray matter at the base of the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_grey_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior grey column">posterior grey column</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_corticospinal_tract&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray680.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Decussation of pyramids."><img alt="Decussation of pyramids." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray680.png/52px-Gray680.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray680.png/78px-Gray680.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray680.png/104px-Gray680.png 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decussation of pyramids.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray764.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The motor tract."><img alt="The motor tract." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray764.png/81px-Gray764.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray764.png/122px-Gray764.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray764.png/163px-Gray764.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The motor tract.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_corticospinal_tract&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBerthold" class="citation web cs1">Berthold, Daniel Goude, C.-H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nervsystemet.se/nsd/structure_718">"Pyramidbanans främre okorsade del - Tractus cortico-spinalis anterior - Människans nervsystem: Uppslagsverk"</a>. <i>nervsystemet.se</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nervsystemet.se&rft.atitle=Pyramidbanans+fr%C3%A4mre+okorsade+del+-+Tractus+cortico-spinalis+anterior+-+M%C3%A4nniskans+nervsystem%3A+Uppslagsverk&rft.aulast=Berthold&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Goude%2C+C.-H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnervsystemet.se%2Fnsd%2Fstructure_718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnterior+corticospinal+tract" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Saladin, Kenneth S. "The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes." Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. N. pag. Print.</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/759/mode/2up">page 759</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medulla" title="Template:Medulla"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medulla" title="Template talk:Medulla"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medulla" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medulla"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_medulla" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_nucleus" title="Cranial nerve nucleus">Cranial nuclei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>afferent:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_tract" title="Solitary tract">tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal respiratory group">Dorsal respiratory group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustatory_nucleus" title="Gustatory nucleus">Gustatory nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">Vestibular nuclei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_vestibular_nucleus" title="Lateral vestibular nucleus">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_vestibular_nucleus" title="Medial vestibular nucleus">Medial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_vestibular_nucleus" title="Inferior vestibular nucleus">Inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>efferent:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus" title="Hypoglossal nucleus">Hypoglossal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivatory nucleus">Inferior salivatory nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracile_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile nucleus">Gracile nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneate_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate nucleus">Cuneate nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_cuneate_nucleus" title="Accessory cuneate nucleus">Accessory cuneate nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ventral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral respiratory group">Ventral respiratory group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus_(medulla)" title="Arcuate nucleus (medulla)">Arcuate nucleus of medulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostral_ventromedial_medulla" title="Rostral ventromedial medulla">Rostral ventromedial medulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botzinger_complex" title="Botzinger complex">Botzinger complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-B%C3%B6tzinger_complex" title="Pre-Bötzinger complex">Pre-Bötzinger complex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sensory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_decussation" title="Sensory decussation">Sensory decussation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_lemniscus" title="Medial lemniscus">Medial lemniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juxtarestiform_body" title="Juxtarestiform body">Juxtarestiform body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus">Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Medial longitudinal fasciculus">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Motor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus">Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Medial longitudinal fasciculus">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ventral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Descending tracts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivocerebellar_tract" title="Olivocerebellar tract">Olivocerebellar tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubro-olivary_tract" title="Rubro-olivary tract">Rubro-olivary tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Front</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_(brainstem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid (brainstem)">Pyramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_median_fissure_of_the_medulla_oblongata" title="Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata">Anterior median fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterolateral_sulcus_of_medulla" title="Anterolateral sulcus of medulla">Anterolateral sulcus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivary_body" title="Olivary body">Olive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_olivary_nucleus" title="Inferior olivary nucleus">Inferior olivary nucleus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Back</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_median_sulcus_of_medulla_oblongata" title="Posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata">Posterior median sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterolateral_sulcus_of_medulla_oblongata" title="Posterolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata">Posterolateral sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_postrema" title="Area postrema">Area postrema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagal_trigone" title="Vagal trigone">Vagal trigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_trigone" title="Hypoglossal trigone">Hypoglossal trigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_eminence_of_floor_of_fourth_ventricle" title="Medial eminence of floor of fourth ventricle">Medial eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">Inferior cerebellar peduncle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation" title="Reticular formation">Reticular formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigantocellular_reticular_nucleus" title="Gigantocellular reticular nucleus">Gigantocellular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvocellular_reticular_nucleus" title="Parvocellular reticular nucleus">Parvocellular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_reticular_nucleus" title="Ventral reticular nucleus">Ventral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_reticular_nucleus" title="Lateral reticular nucleus">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramedian_reticular_nucleus" title="Paramedian reticular nucleus">Paramedian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphe_nuclei" title="Raphe nuclei">Raphe nuclei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_raphe_obscurus" title="Nucleus raphe obscurus">Obscurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_raphe_magnus" title="Nucleus raphe magnus">Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_raphe_pallidus" title="Nucleus raphe pallidus">Pallidus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perihypoglossal_nuclei" title="Perihypoglossal nuclei">Perihypoglossal nuclei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spinal_cord" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spinal_cord" title="Template:Spinal cord"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spinal_cord" title="Template talk:Spinal cord"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spinal_cord" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spinal cord"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spinal_cord" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">Spinal cord</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_enlargement" title="Cervical enlargement">Cervical enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_enlargement" title="Lumbar enlargement">Lumbar enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conus_medullaris" title="Conus medullaris">Conus medullaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filum_terminale" title="Filum terminale">Filum terminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauda_equina" title="Cauda equina">Cauda equina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meninges" title="Meninges">Meninges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_canal" title="Central canal">Central canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal ventricle">Terminal ventricle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey column">Grey columns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_grey_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior grey column">Posterior grey column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_nucleus_of_spinal_cord" title="Marginal nucleus of spinal cord">Marginal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantia_gelatinosa_of_Rolando" title="Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando">Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_proprius_of_spinal_cord" title="Nucleus proprius of spinal cord">Nucleus proprius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexed_laminae" title="Rexed laminae">Rexed lamina V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexed_laminae" title="Rexed laminae">Rexed lamina VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_grey_column" title="Lateral grey column">Lateral grey column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediolateral_nucleus" title="Intermediolateral nucleus">Intermediolateral nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_thoracic_nucleus" title="Posterior thoracic nucleus">Posterior thoracic nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_grey_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior grey column">Anterior grey column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interneuron" title="Interneuron">Interneuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_motor_neuron" title="Alpha motor neuron">Alpha motor neuron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onuf%27s_nucleus" title="Onuf's nucleus">Onuf's nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_motor_neuron" title="Gamma motor neuron">Gamma motor neuron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rexed_laminae" title="Rexed laminae">Rexed laminae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_gelatinous_substance_of_spinal_cord" class="mw-redirect" title="Central gelatinous substance of spinal cord">Central gelatinous substance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_commissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray commissure">Gray commissure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sensory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_funiculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior funiculus">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway">Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile fasciculus">Gracile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate fasciculus">Cuneate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_funiculus" title="Lateral funiculus">Lateral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinocerebellar tract">Spinocerebellar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal spinocerebellar tract">dorsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral spinocerebellar tract">ventral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract" title="Spinothalamic tract">Spinothalamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral spinothalamic tract">lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior spinothalamic tract">anterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterolateral_tract" title="Posterolateral tract">Posterolateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinotectal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinotectal tract">Spinotectal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_funiculus" title="Anterior funiculus">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract" title="Spinoreticular tract">Spinoreticular tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract" title="Spino-olivary tract">Spino-olivary tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_funiculus" title="Lateral funiculus">Lateral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_tracts" title="Pyramidal tracts">Corticospinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract" title="Lateral corticospinal tract">Lateral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrapyramidal_system" title="Extrapyramidal system">Extrapyramidal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract" title="Rubrospinal tract">Rubrospinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_raphespinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral raphespinal tract">Raphespinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation#Descending_reticulospinal_tracts" title="Reticular formation">Reticulospinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract" title="Hypothalamospinal tract">Hypothalamospinal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_funiculus" title="Anterior funiculus">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Corticospinal <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anterior</a></li></ul></li> <li>Extrapyramidal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract" title="Vestibulospinal tract">Vestibulospinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation#Descending_reticulospinal_tracts" title="Reticular formation">Reticulospinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectospinal_tract" title="Tectospinal tract">Tectospinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_raphespinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior raphespinal tract">Raphespinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivospinal_tract" title="Olivospinal tract">Olivospinal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_white_commissure" title="Anterior white commissure">Anterior white commissure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ventral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_median_fissure_of_spinal_cord" title="Anterior median fissure of spinal cord">Anterior median fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterolateral_sulcus_of_spinal_cord" title="Anterolateral sulcus of spinal cord">Anterolateral sulcus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dorsal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_median_sulcus_of_spinal_cord" title="Posterior median sulcus of spinal cord">Posterior median sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterolateral_sulcus_of_spinal_cord" title="Posterolateral sulcus of spinal cord">Posterolateral sulcus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brain_and_spinal_cord:_neural_tracts_and_fasciculi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neural_tracts" title="Template:Neural tracts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neural_tracts" title="Template talk:Neural tracts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neural_tracts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neural tracts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brain_and_spinal_cord:_neural_tracts_and_fasciculi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">Brain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neural_pathway" title="Neural pathway">neural tracts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fascicle" title="Nerve fascicle">fasciculi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sensory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway">DCML</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway#First_neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway">1°</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamellar_corpuscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellar corpuscle">Pacinian corpuscle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tactile_corpuscle" title="Tactile corpuscle">Meissner's corpuscle</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Posterior_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior column">Posterior column</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile fasciculus">Gracile fasciculus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate fasciculus">Cuneate fasciculus</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Gracile_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracile nucleus">Gracile nucleus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cuneate_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneate nucleus">Cuneate nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway#Second_neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway">2°</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>→ <i><a href="/wiki/Sensory_decussation" title="Sensory decussation">sensory decussation</a>/arcuate fibers</i> (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior external arcuate fibers">Posterior external arcuate fibers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_arcuate_fibers" title="Internal arcuate fibers">Internal arcuate fibers</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Medial_lemniscus" title="Medial lemniscus">Medial lemniscus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_lemniscus" title="Trigeminal lemniscus">Trigeminal lemniscus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus" title="Ventral posterolateral nucleus">VPL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus" title="Ventral posteromedial nucleus">VPM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway#Third_neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway">3°</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>→ <a href="/wiki/Posterior_limb_of_internal_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior limb of internal capsule">Posterior limb of internal capsule</a> → <a href="/wiki/Postcentral_gyrus" title="Postcentral gyrus">Postcentral gyrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterolateral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterolateral system">Anterolateral</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nociception#Neospinothalamic_tract" title="Nociception">Fast</a>/lateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1° (<a href="/wiki/Free_nerve_ending" title="Free nerve ending">Free nerve ending</a> → <a href="/wiki/A_delta_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="A delta fiber">A delta fiber</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Anterior_white_commissure" title="Anterior white commissure">Anterior white commissure</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral spinothalamic tract">Lateral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior spinothalamic tract">Anterior</a> <a href="/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract" title="Spinothalamic tract">Spinothalamic tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract" title="Spinothalamic tract">Spinal lemniscus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus" title="Ventral posterolateral nucleus">VPL</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a>) → 3° (<a href="/wiki/Postcentral_gyrus" title="Postcentral gyrus">Postcentral gyrus</a>) → 4° (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_parietal_cortex" title="Posterior parietal cortex">Posterior parietal cortex</a>)</li></ul> <p>2° (<b><a href="/wiki/Spinomesencephalic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinomesencephalic tract">Spinomesencephalic tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Superior_colliculus" title="Superior colliculus">Superior colliculus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Midbrain_tectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Midbrain tectum">Midbrain tectum</a>) </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nociception#Paleospinothalamic_tract" title="Nociception">Slow</a>/medial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1° (<a href="/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber" title="Group C nerve fiber">Group C nerve fiber</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract" title="Spinoreticular tract">Spinoreticular tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation" title="Reticular formation">Reticular formation</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus" title="Medial dorsal nucleus">MD</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a>) → 3° (<a href="/wiki/Cingulate_cortex" title="Cingulate cortex">Cingulate cortex</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_tracts" title="Pyramidal tracts">Pyramidal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>flexion:</i> <a href="/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex" title="Primary motor cortex">Primary motor cortex</a> → <a href="/wiki/Posterior_limb_of_internal_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior limb of internal capsule">Posterior limb of internal capsule</a> → <a href="/wiki/Decussation_of_pyramids" class="mw-redirect" title="Decussation of pyramids">Decussation of pyramids</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_tracts" title="Pyramidal tracts">Corticospinal tract</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract" title="Lateral corticospinal tract">Lateral</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anterior</a>)</b> → <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction" title="Neuromuscular junction">Neuromuscular junction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extrapyramidal_system" title="Extrapyramidal system">Extrapyramidal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>flexion:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex" title="Primary motor cortex">Primary motor cortex</a> → <a href="/wiki/Genu_of_internal_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Genu of internal capsule">Genu of internal capsule</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract" title="Corticobulbar tract">Corticobulbar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Facial_muscles" title="Facial muscles">Facial muscles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>flexion:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_nucleus" title="Red nucleus">Red nucleus</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract" title="Rubrospinal tract">Rubrospinal tract</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>extension:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_the_cerebellum#Phylogenetic_and_functional_divisions" title="Anatomy of the cerebellum"> Vestibulocerebellum</a> → <a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">Vestibular nuclei</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract" title="Vestibulospinal tract">Vestibulospinal tract</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>extension:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_the_cerebellum#Phylogenetic_and_functional_divisions" title="Anatomy of the cerebellum"> Vestibulocerebellum</a> → <a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation" title="Reticular formation">Reticular formation</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation#Descending_reticulospinal_tracts" title="Reticular formation">Reticulospinal tract</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midbrain_tectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Midbrain tectum">Midbrain tectum</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Tectospinal_tract" title="Tectospinal tract">Tectospinal tract</a></b> → muscles of neck</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basal_ganglia" title="Basal ganglia">Basal ganglia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Direct_pathway_of_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct pathway of movement"><i>direct:</i></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">1° (<a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a> → <a href="/wiki/Striatum" title="Striatum">Striatum</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Medial_globus_pallidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial globus pallidus">GPi</a>) → 3° (<a href="/wiki/Lenticular_fasciculus" title="Lenticular fasciculus">Lenticular fasciculus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ansa_lenticularis" title="Ansa lenticularis">Ansa lenticularis</a> → <a href="/wiki/Thalamic_fasciculus" title="Thalamic fasciculus">Thalamic fasciculus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus" title="Ventral lateral nucleus">VL</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a>) → 4° (<a href="/wiki/Thalamocortical_radiations" title="Thalamocortical radiations">Thalamocortical radiations</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supplementary_motor_area" title="Supplementary motor area">Supplementary motor area</a>) → 5° (<a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_pathway_of_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirect pathway of movement"><i>indirect:</i></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">1° (<a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a> → <a href="/wiki/Striatum" title="Striatum">Striatum</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Lateral_globus_pallidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral globus pallidus">GPe</a>) → 3° (<a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_fasciculus" title="Subthalamic fasciculus">Subthalamic fasciculus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_nucleus" title="Subthalamic nucleus">Subthalamic nucleus</a>) → 4° (<a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_fasciculus" title="Subthalamic fasciculus">Subthalamic fasciculus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Medial_globus_pallidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial globus pallidus">GPi</a>) → 5° (<a href="/wiki/Lenticular_fasciculus" title="Lenticular fasciculus">Lenticular fasciculus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ansa_lenticularis" title="Ansa lenticularis">Ansa lenticularis</a> → <a href="/wiki/Thalamic_fasciculus" title="Thalamic fasciculus">Thalamic fasciculus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus" title="Ventral lateral nucleus">VL</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a>) → 6° (<a href="/wiki/Thalamocortical_radiations" title="Thalamocortical radiations">Thalamocortical radiations</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supplementary_motor_area" title="Supplementary motor area">Supplementary motor area</a>) → 7° (<a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway" title="Nigrostriatal pathway">nigrostriatal pathway</a>:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta" class="mw-redirect" title="Substantia nigra pars compacta">Pars compacta</a> → <a href="/wiki/Striatum" title="Striatum">Striatum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">Cerebellar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afferent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">Vestibular nuclei</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocerebellar_tract" title="Vestibulocerebellar tract">Vestibulocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">ICP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">Cerebellum</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum_granule_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebellum granule cell">Granule cell</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontine_nuclei" title="Pontine nuclei">Pontine nuclei</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Pontocerebellar_fibers" title="Pontocerebellar fibers">Pontocerebellar fibers</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Middle_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Middle cerebellar peduncle">MCP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Deep_cerebellar_nuclei" title="Deep cerebellar nuclei">Deep cerebellar nuclei</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum_granule_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebellum granule cell">Granule cell</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_olivary_nucleus" title="Inferior olivary nucleus">Inferior olivary nucleus</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Olivocerebellar_tract" title="Olivocerebellar tract">Olivocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">ICP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_hemisphere" title="Cerebellar hemisphere">Hemisphere</a> → <a href="/wiki/Purkinje_cell" title="Purkinje cell">Purkinje cell</a> → <a href="/wiki/Deep_cerebellar_nuclei" title="Deep cerebellar nuclei">Deep cerebellar nuclei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Efferent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentate_nucleus" title="Dentate nucleus">Dentate nucleus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_hemisphere" title="Cerebellar hemisphere">Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum</a> → <a href="/wiki/Superior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Superior cerebellar peduncle">SCP</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Dentatothalamic_tract" title="Dentatothalamic tract">Dentatothalamic tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus" title="Ventral lateral nucleus">VL</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interposed_nucleus" title="Interposed nucleus">Interposed nucleus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_hemisphere" title="Cerebellar hemisphere">Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum</a> → <a href="/wiki/Superior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Superior cerebellar peduncle">SCP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation" title="Reticular formation">Reticular formation</a>, or → <b><a href="/wiki/Cerebellothalamic_tract" title="Cerebellothalamic tract">Cerebellothalamic tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Red_nucleus" title="Red nucleus">Red nucleus</a> → <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus" title="Ventral lateral nucleus">VL</a>) → <a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">Motor cortex</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastigial_nucleus" title="Fastigial nucleus">Fastigial nucleus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flocculonodular_lobe" title="Flocculonodular lobe">Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocerebellar_tract" title="Vestibulocerebellar tract">Vestibulocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">Vestibular nuclei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bidirectional:<br /><a href="/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinocerebellar tract">Spinocerebellar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprioception#Conscious_and_unconscious_proprioception" title="Proprioception">Unconscious<br /> proprioception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_limb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower limb">lower limb</a> → 1° (<a href="/wiki/Muscle_spindle" title="Muscle spindle">muscle spindles</a> → <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion" title="Dorsal root ganglion">DRG</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_thoracic_nucleus" title="Posterior thoracic nucleus">Posterior thoracic nucleus</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal spinocerebellar tract">Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">ICP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_vermis" title="Cerebellar vermis">Cerebellar vermis</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper limb</a> → 1° (<a href="/wiki/Muscle_spindle" title="Muscle spindle">muscle spindles</a> → <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion" title="Dorsal root ganglion">DRG</a>) → 2° (<a href="/wiki/Accessory_cuneate_nucleus" title="Accessory cuneate nucleus">Accessory cuneate nucleus</a> → <b><a href="/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior external arcuate fibers">Cuneocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">ICP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum" title="Anterior lobe of cerebellum">Anterior lobe of cerebellum</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reflex_arc" title="Reflex arc">Reflex arc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_limb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower limb">lower limb</a> → 1° (<a href="/wiki/Golgi_tendon_organ" title="Golgi tendon organ">Golgi tendon organ</a>) → 2° (<b><a href="/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral spinocerebellar tract">Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract</a></b>→ <a href="/wiki/Superior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Superior cerebellar peduncle">SCP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_vermis" title="Cerebellar vermis">Cerebellar vermis</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper limb</a> → 1° (<a href="/wiki/Golgi_tendon_organ" title="Golgi tendon organ">Golgi tendon organ</a>) → 2° (<b><a href="/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostral spinocerebellar tract">Rostral spinocerebellar tract</a></b> → <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">ICP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">Cerebellum</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/12px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/18px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg 1.5x, 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