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<li id="toc-War_and_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_and_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>War and revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_and_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovietization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovietization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sovietization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovietization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" 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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85" title="جمهورية نخجوان الاشتراكية السوفيتية ذاتية الحكم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية نخجوان الاشتراكية السوفيتية ذاتية الحكم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_Muxtar_Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Naxçıvan Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naxçıvan Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Нахичеван Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нахичеван Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нахічэванская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нахічэванская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нахічэванская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нахічэванская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нахичеванска автономна съветска социалистическа република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нахичеванска автономна съветска социалистическа република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachi%C4%8Devansk%C3%A1_autonomn%C3%AD_sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Nachičevanská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nachičevanská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_Sozialistische_Sowjetrepublik_Nachitschewan" title="Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Nachitschewan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Nachitschewan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahhit%C5%A1evani_ANSV" title="Nahhitševani ANSV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nahhitševani ANSV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Najichev%C3%A1n" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Najicheván – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Najicheván" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C4%A5i%C4%89evana_A%C5%ADtonoma_Soveta_Socialisma_Respubliko" title="Naĥiĉevana Aŭtonoma Soveta Socialisma Respubliko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Naĥiĉevana Aŭtonoma Soveta Socialisma Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhitxevango_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista_Autonomoa" title="Nakhitxevango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Autonomoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nakhitxevango Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista Autonomoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="جمهوری خودمختار سوسیالیستی نخجوان شوروی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری خودمختار سوسیالیستی نخجوان شوروی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_autonome_du_Nakhitchevan" title="République socialiste soviétique autonome du Nakhitchevan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste soviétique autonome du Nakhitchevan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomna_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika_Nahi%C4%8Devan" title="Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika Nahičevan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika Nahičevan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Autonoma_di_Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Naxçıvan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Naxçıvan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ნახიჩევანის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახიჩევანის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Нахшыван Автономиялы Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нахшыван Автономиялы Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ნახიჩევანიშ ავტონომიური სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნახიჩევანიშ ავტონომიური სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachitsjevanse_Autonome_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Nachitsjevanse Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nachitsjevanse Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%92%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ナヒチェヴァン自治ソビエト社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナヒチェヴァン自治ソビエト社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naxichevan_Avtonom_Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasi" title="Naxichevan Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Naxichevan Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ناخچیوان خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناخچیوان خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachiczewa%C5%84ska_Autonomiczna_Socjalistyczna_Republika_Radziecka" title="Nachiczewańska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nachiczewańska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_do_Naquichev%C3%A3o" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética do Naquichevão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética do Naquichevão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Autonom%C4%83_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Nahicevan" title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Nahicevan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Nahicevan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کۆماری سۆسیالیستی سۆڤیەتی خۆسەری نەخچیڤان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری سۆسیالیستی سۆڤیەتی خۆسەری نەخچیڤان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahit%C5%A1evanin_autonominen_sosialistinen_neuvostotasavalta" title="Nahitševanin autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nahitševanin autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awtonomong_Sobyetikong_Sosyalistang_Republika_ng_Nakhichevan" title="Awtonomong Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Nakhichevan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Awtonomong Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Nakhichevan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nah%C3%A7%C4%B1van_%C3%96zerk_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Nahçıvan Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nahçıvan Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нахічеванська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нахічеванська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ناخچیوان خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناخچیوان خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_X%C3%B4_vi%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BB%B1_tr%E1%BB%8B_Nakhichevan" title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết tự trị Nakhichevan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết tự trị Nakhichevan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%87%E8%90%AC%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="納希切萬蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="納希切萬蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284506#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&params=39_12_N_45_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">45°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.200°N 45.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.200; 45.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR (1921–1990)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az" style="font-style: normal;">Нахчыван Мухтар Совет Сосиалист Республикасы</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">ASSR</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1921–1990</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_(1978%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Nakhichevan ASSR"><img alt="Flag of Nakhichevan ASSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Nakhichevan_ASSR_%281978%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag (from 1978)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Nakhichevan ASSR"><img alt="Emblem of Nakhichevan ASSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:265nakhichevan-assr.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/265nakhichevan-assr.gif/220px-265nakhichevan-assr.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/265nakhichevan-assr.gif/330px-265nakhichevan-assr.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/265nakhichevan-assr.gif/440px-265nakhichevan-assr.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="633" /></a></span><br />Location of the Nakhichevan ASSR between <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian SSR">Armenian SSR</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png/220px-Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png/330px-Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png/440px-Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="453" /></a></span><br />Modern subdivisions of the <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhichevan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&params=39_12_N_45_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">45°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.200°N 45.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.200; 45.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Proletarians of all regions, unite!</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">20th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">Soviet Republic of<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span>Nakhichevan established<sup>a</sup></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 1920</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1921)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1921)">Nakhichevan ASSR</a><br /><span class="nowrap">   </span>established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 October 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasian SFSR</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1922–36</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Transferred to the<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 February 1924</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">January 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span>Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 1990</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_1918.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%281991%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">a. Whilst the <a href="/wiki/11th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="11th Army (RSFSR)">11th Soviet Red Army</a> occupied land under <i>de facto</i> control of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Armenia">Democratic Republic of Armenia</a> in 1920, the territory was theoretically under <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> occupation (replacing <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> occupation). <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">De jure</a></i>, the former <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan Khanate</a> had passed to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> after the 1828 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a> had been replaced by competing claims from the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>. In addition, the Azeri <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Aras" title="Republic of Aras">Republic of Aras</a> had also declared Nakhichevan as its territory.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abbreviated as <b>Nakhichevan ASSR</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union">autonomous republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a>, itself a <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nakhichevan_ASSR_(1926-1939).svg" title="File:Flag of Nakhichevan ASSR (1926-1939).svg">first flag of the Nakhichevan ASSR</a> was introduced in 1937 and contained both Azerbaijani and Armenian text. In the 1940s, when the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani Latin alphabet</a> was being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, the previous flag was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Soviet flag</a> with the Azerbaijani Cyrillic text "Нахчыван МССР" in gold and a dark blue bar along the <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FotW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FotW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, it became the <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic">Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_and_revolution">War and revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War and revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the final years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Nakhichevan was the scene of bloodshed between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, who both laid claim to the area. By 1914, the Armenian population had decreased slightly to 40% while the Azeri population increased to roughly 60%.<sup id="cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewStates-NewPolitics01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917, the region was placed under the authority of the Special Transcaucasian Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> and subsequently the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a> (TDFR) in 1918. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhichevan, <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zangezur" title="Zangezur">Zangezur</a> (today the Armenian province of <a href="/wiki/Syunik_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Syunik Region">Syunik</a> and part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Vayots_Dzor_Province" title="Vayots Dzor Province">Vayots Dzor</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Qazakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazakh">Qazakh</a> were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Armenia">Democratic Republic of Armenia</a> (DRA) and the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under Ottoman occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottomans proceeded to massacre 10,000 Armenians and razed 45 of their villages to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewsen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewsen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a>, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for the forthcoming British military presence.<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant-15_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant-15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under British occupation, Sir <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wardrop" title="Oliver Wardrop">Oliver Wardrop</a>, British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, made a border proposal to solve the conflict. According to Wardrop, Armenian claims against Azerbaijan should not go beyond the administrative borders of the former Erivan Governorate (which under prior Imperial Russian rule encompassed Nakhichevan), while Azerbaijan was to be limited to the governorates of <a href="/wiki/Baku_Governorate" title="Baku Governorate">Baku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabethpol_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabethpol Governorate">Elisabethpol</a>. This proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who did not wish to give up their claims to Qazakh, Zangezur and Nagorno-Karabakh) and Azeris (who found it unacceptable to give up their claims to Nakhichevan). As disputes between both countries continued, it soon became apparent that the fragile peace under British occupation would not last.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1918, with the support of Azerbaijan's <a href="/wiki/Equality_Party_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality Party (Azerbaijan)">Musavat Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jafargulu_Khan_Nakhchivanski" title="Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski">Jafargulu Khan Nakhichevanski</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Aras" title="Republic of Aras">Republic of Aras</a> in the Nakhichevan uyezd of the former Erivan Governorate assigned to Armenia by Wardrop.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Armenian government did not recognize the new state and sent its troops into the region to take control of it. The conflict soon erupted into the violent Aras War.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British journalist C.E. Bechhofer described the situation in April 1920: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You cannot persuade a party of frenzied nationalists that two blacks do not make a white; consequently, no day went by without a catalogue of complaints from both sides, Armenians and Tartars [Azeris], of unprovoked attacks, murders, village burnings and the like. Specifically, the situation was a series of vicious cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-DeWaal01_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeWaal01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>By mid-June 1919, Armenia had established control over Nakhichevan and the whole territory of the self-proclaimed republic. The fall of the Aras republic triggered an invasion by the regular Azerbaijani army and by the end of July, Armenian troops were forced to leave Nakhichevan City to the Azeris.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again more violence erupted, leaving some 10,000 Armenians dead and 45 Armenian villages destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewsen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewsen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, feeling the situation to be hopeless and unable to maintain any control over the area, the British decided to withdraw from the region in mid-1919.<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant-16_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant-16-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, fighting between Armenians and Azeris continued and after a series of skirmishes that took place throughout the Nakhichevan district, a ceasefire was agreed. This lasted only briefly, and by early March 1920, more fighting broke out, primarily in Karabakh between Karabakh Armenians and Azerbaijan's regular army. This triggered conflicts in other areas with mixed populations, including Nakhichevan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovietization">Sovietization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sovietization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1920, the <a href="/wiki/11th_Soviet_Red_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Soviet Red Army">11th Soviet Red Army</a> invaded and occupied the region and on 28 July, declared the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with "close ties" to the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a>. In November, on the verge of taking over Armenia, the Bolsheviks, in order to attract public support, promised they would allot Nakhichevan to Armenia, along with Karabakh and Zangezur. This was fulfilled when <a href="/wiki/Nariman_Narimanov" title="Nariman Narimanov">Nariman Narimanov</a>, leader of Bolshevik Azerbaijan issued a declaration celebrating the "victory of Soviet power in Armenia," proclaimed that both Nakhichevan and Zangezur should be awarded to the Armenian people as a sign of the Azerbaijani people's support for Armenia's fight against the former DRA government:<sup id="cite_ref-DeWaal02_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeWaal02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As of today, the old frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan are declared to be non-existent. Mountainous Karabakh, Zangezur and Nakhchivan are recognised to be integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-Potier_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Croissant-18_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant-18-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, although welcoming this act of "great Soviet fraternity" where "boundaries had no meaning among the family of Soviet peoples," did not agree with the motion and instead called for the people of Nakhichevan to be consulted in a referendum. According to the formal figures of this referendum, held at the beginning of 1921, 90% of Nakhichevan's population wanted to be included in the Azerbaijan SSR "with the rights of an autonomous republic."<sup id="cite_ref-Potier_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to make Nakhichevan a part of modern-day Azerbaijan was cemented 16 March 1921 in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1921)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1921)">Treaty of Moscow</a> between <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Bolshevist Russia</a> and Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewStates-NewPolitics02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement between Soviet Russia and Turkey also called for attachment of the former Sharur-Daralagez uyezd (which had a solid Azeri majority) to Nakhichevan, thus allowing Turkey to share a border with the Azerbaijan SSR. This deal was reaffirmed on 23 October, in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a>. Article V of the treaty stated the following: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Turkish Government and the Soviet Governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan are agreed that the region of Nakhchivan, within the limits specified by Annex III to the present Treaty, constitutes an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_(Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(Established_on_1924.02.09)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg/150px-The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg/225px-The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg/300px-The_Soviet_Union_1974_CPA_4318_stamp_%28Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%28Established_on_1924.02.09%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1248" /></a><figcaption>Soviet postage stamp featuring Nakhichevan, 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>So, on 16 March 1921 the Nakhichevan ASSR was established. On 9 February 1924, the Soviet Union officially placed the Nakhichevan ASSR under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a>. Its constitution was adopted on 18 April 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a constituent part of the Soviet Union, tensions lessened over the ethnic composition of Nakhichevan or any territorial claims regarding it. Instead, it became an important point of industrial production with particular emphasis on the mining of minerals such as salt. Under Soviet rule, it was once a major junction on the Moscow–<a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> railway line<sup id="cite_ref-DeWaal03_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeWaal03-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> railway.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also served as an important strategic area during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, sharing borders with both Turkey (a <a href="/wiki/NATO_member_state" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO member state">NATO member state</a>) and Iran (a close ally of the West until the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> of 1979). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg/150px-1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg/225px-1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg/300px-1938_Constitution_of_Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Cover of the Constitution of the Nakhichevan <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union">ASSR</a> of 1938 in Russian.</figcaption></figure> <p>Facilities improved during Soviet times; education and public health especially began to see some major changes. In 1913, Nakhichevan only had two hospitals with a total of 20 beds. The region was plagued by widespread diseases including <a href="/wiki/Trachoma" title="Trachoma">trachoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a>, which mostly came from the adjoining Aras River, brought serious harm to the region. At any one time, between 70% and 85% of Nakhichevan's population was infected with malaria, and in the region of Norashen (present-day Sharur) almost 100% were struck with the disease. This situation improved dramatically under Soviet rule. Malaria was sharply reduced and trachoma, typhus, and relapsing fever were eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Soviet era, Nakhichevan saw a significant demographic shift. Its Armenian population gradually decreased as many emigrated to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian SSR">Armenian SSR</a>. In 1926, 15% of region's population was Armenian, but by 1979, this number had shrunk to 1.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-Armcountry_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armcountry-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Azeri population, meanwhile increased substantially with both a higher birth rate and immigration from <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (going from 85% in 1926 to 96% by 1979<sup id="cite_ref-Armcountry_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armcountry-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh noted similar though slower demographic trends and feared an eventual "de-Armenianization" of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics02_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewStates-NewPolitics02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When tensions between Armenians and Azeris were reignited in the late-1980s by the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Azerbaijan's Popular Front managed to pressure the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a> to instigate a partial railway and air blockade against Armenia, while another reason for the disruption of rail service to Armenia were attacks of Armenian forces on the trains entering the Armenian territory from Azerbaijan, which resulted in railroad personnel refusing to enter Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effectively crippled Armenia's economy, as 85% of the cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In response, Armenia closed the railway to Nakhichevan, thereby strangling the exclave's only link to the rest of the Soviet Union. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/220px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/330px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/440px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> in the USSR, 1957–1991</figcaption></figure> <p>December 1989 saw unrest in Nakhichevan as its Azeri inhabitants moved to physically dismantle the Soviet border with Iran to flee the area and meet their ethnic Azeri cousins in northern Iran. This action was angrily denounced by the Soviet leadership and the Soviet media accused the Azeris of "embracing Islamic fundamentalism".<sup id="cite_ref-DeWaal04_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeWaal04-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet" title="Supreme Soviet">Supreme Soviet</a> of the Nakhichevan ASSR issued a declaration stating the intention for Nakhichevan to secede from the USSR to protest the Soviet Union's actions during <a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a>. It was the first part of the Soviet Union to declare independence, preceding <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>'s declaration by almost 2 months.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a>, the future president of Azerbaijan, returned to his birthplace of Nakhichevan in autumn 1990, after being ousted from his position in the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> in 1987. Soon after returning to Nakhichevan, Aliyev was elected to the local Supreme Soviet by an overwhelming majority. Aliyev subsequently resigned from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> and after the failed <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">August 1991 coup</a> against Gorbachev, he called for complete independence for Azerbaijan and denounced <a href="/wiki/Ayaz_M%C3%BCtallibov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayaz Mütallibov">Ayaz Mütallibov</a> for supporting the coup. In late 1991, Aliyev consolidated his power base as chairman of the Nakhichevan Supreme Soviet and asserted Nakhichevan's near-total independence from <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Azcountry01_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azcountry01-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 November 1990, it became the <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic">Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bank of Azerbaijan">National Bank of Azerbaijan</a> minted a pair of gold and silver <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">commemorative coins</a> for the 85th anniversary of the creation of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Nakhichevan_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="First Secretary of the Nakhichevan Communist Party">First Secretary of the Nakhichevan Communist Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FotW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FotW_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/su-aznq.html">Nakhchivan in the Soviet Union</a> on Flags of the World</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewStates-NewPolitics01-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics01_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Bremmer" title="Ian Bremmer">Ian Bremmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Taras" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Taras">Ray Taras</a>. <i>New States, New Politics: Building Post-Soviet Nations</i>, p. 484. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57799-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57799-3">0-521-57799-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreatSoviet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreatSoviet_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article080490.html">"Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика"</a>. <i>Большая советская энциклопедия</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle080490.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Autonomous+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewsen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hewsen_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hewsen_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewsen2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Hewsen" title="Robert H. Hewsen">Hewsen, Robert H</a> (2001). <i>Armenia: A Historical Atlas</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-33228-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-33228-4"><bdi>0-226-33228-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia%3A+A+Historical+Atlas&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-226-33228-4&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.aufirst=Robert+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Autonomous+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croissant-15-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant-15_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael P. Croissant. <i>The Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications</i>, p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96241-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96241-5">0-275-96241-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlas-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atlas_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlas_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlas_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Andrew Andersen, PhD <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/disp.htm">Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeWaal01-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeWaal01_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Waal" title="Thomas de Waal">Thomas de Waal</a>. <i>Black Garden: Armenia And Azerbaijan Through Peace and War</i>. New York: New York University Press, pp. 128–129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-1945-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-1945-7">0-8147-1945-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croissant-16-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant-16_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croissant. <i>Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict</i>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeWaal02-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeWaal02_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Waal. <i>Black Garden</i>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potier-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potier_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potier_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Potier. <i>Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal</i>, p. 4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-1477-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-1477-7">90-411-1477-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croissant-18-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant-18_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croissant. <i>Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict</i>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewStates-NewPolitics02-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics02_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewStates-NewPolitics02_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras. <i>New States, New Politics: Building Post-Soviet Nations</i>, p. 444. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57799-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57799-3">0-521-57799-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html">Text of the Treaty of Kars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeWaal03-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeWaal03_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Waal. <i>Black Garden</i>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armcountry-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Armcountry_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armcountry_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/armenia/14.htm">Armenia: A Country Study: The New Nationalism</a>, The Library of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Ambrosio. Irredentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97260-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97260-7">0-275-97260-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart J. Kaufman. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-8736-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-8736-6">0-8014-8736-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeWaal04-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeWaal04_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Waal, <i>Black Garden</i>, p. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJr1990" class="citation web cs1">Jr, NICK B. WILLIAMS (21 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-21-mn-1001-story.html">"Soviet Enclave Declares Independence"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Soviet+Enclave+Declares+Independence&rft.date=1990-01-21&rft.aulast=Jr&rft.aufirst=NICK+B.+WILLIAMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-01-21-mn-1001-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Autonomous+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azcountry01-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Azcountry01_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/azerbaijan/32.htm">Azerbaijan: A Country Study: Aliyev and the Presidential Election of October 1993</a>, The Library of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az">Central Bank of Azerbaijan</a>. Commemorative coins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az/pages/national-currency/commemorative-coins/1992-2010/">Coins produced within 1992–2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119220546/http://www.cbar.az/pages/national-currency/commemorative-coins/1992-2010/">Archived</a> 19 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Commemorative coins dedicated to 85th anniversary of Nakhchivan Autonomy Republic. Retrieved on 25 February 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az-Cyrl">Нахчыван Мухтар Совет Сосиалист Республикасы</span></span> <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><i lang="az">Naxçıvan Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն</span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Nakhichevanskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azerbaijani: <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az-Cyrl">Нахчыван МССР</span></span>, Armenian: <span lang="hy">Նախիջևանի ԻԽՍՀ</span>, Russian: <span lang="ru">Нахичеванская АССР</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Nakhchivan+ASSR">Great Soviet Encyclopedia article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Azerbaijan.html#Nakhichevan">Nakhichevan (Naxcivan)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Nakhchivan" title="Template:Nakhchivan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakhchivan" title="Template talk:Nakhchivan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakhchivan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakhchivan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Azerbaijan&#124;link=Azerbaijan_Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamigaya_Petroglyphs" title="Gamigaya Petroglyphs">Gamigaya Petroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Pottery_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Painted Pottery culture">Painted Pottery culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> inscriptions in Ilandagh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nakhchivan_(1406)" title="Battle of Nakhchivan (1406)">Karakoyunlu-Timurid war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erivan_Province_(Safavid_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)">Erivan Province of Safavid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhichevan Eyalet">Ottoman rule</a> (<a href="/wiki/Safavid_Campaign_(1554%E2%80%9355)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Campaign (1554–55)">Retreat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Khanate period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevansky_Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhichevansky Uyezd">Russian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivanski" title="Nakhchivanski">Nakhchivanski family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Aras" title="Republic of Aras">Republic of Aras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Regional_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhichevan Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan">Regional Committee of the Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karki,_Azerbaijan" title="Karki, Azerbaijan">Karki village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="List of leaders of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Nakhchivan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan)">Supreme Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Kars treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zangezur_National_Park" title="Zangezur National Park">Zangezur National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahbuz_State_Reserve" title="Shahbuz State Reserve">Shahbuz State Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_waters_of_Nakhchivan" title="Mineral waters of Nakhchivan">Mineral waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashabi-Kahf_in_Nakhchivan" title="Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan">Ashabi-Kahf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_school_of_Nakhchivan" title="Architectural school of Nakhchivan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monuments_in_Nakhchivan" title="List of Monuments in Nakhchivan">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_State_Musical_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Nakhchivan State Musical Dramatic Theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Tourism in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nakhchivan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nakhchivan">Catholic church</a> (abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilit_dialect" title="Kilit dialect">Kilit dialect</a> (extinct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Nakhchivan" title="Armenians in Nakhchivan">Armenians</a> (historic presence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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Republic">Adjarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;;line-height:1.3em;">By years<br />of existence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1918–24  <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup><br /> 1918–41  <a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a><sup><small>4</small></sup><br /> 1919–90  <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a><br /> 1920–25  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1920–90  <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian</a><br /> 1921–45  <a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Crimean</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a><br /> 1921–24  <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1921–90  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhichevan</a><br /> 1922–91  <a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a><br /> 1923–90  <a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><br /> 1923–40  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1924–40  <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a><br /> 1924–29  <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a><br /> 1925–92  <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a><sup><small>5</small></sup><br /> 1925–36  <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1926–36  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1931–92  <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz</a><br /> 1932–92  <a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a><sup><small>6</small></sup><br /> 1935–43  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1936–90  <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a><br /> 1944–57  <a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a><br /> 1956–91  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1957–92  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1957–91  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1958–90  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1961–92  <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a><br /> 1990–91  <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a><br /> 1991–92  <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)">Crimean</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>Buryat–Mongol</b> until 1958.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh ASSR</a></b> was called <b><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz ASSR</a></b> until 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>3</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1920</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>4</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1923</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>5</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>6</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1934</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284506#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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