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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Speech and expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speech_and_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Due_process_and_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Due_process_and_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Due process and punishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Due_process_and_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Labour rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discrimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discrimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Discrimination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discrimination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discrimination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discrimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indigenous_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Indigenous people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>LGBT rights</span> </div> </a> <ul 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Botswana" title="Politics of Botswana">Politics of Botswana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Botswana" title="Constitution of Botswana">Constitution</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Botswana" title="Government of Botswana"> Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Botswana" title="Vice-President of Botswana">Vice-President</a> <dl><dd>TBD</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_cabinet" title="Boko cabinet">Boko cabinet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Botswana" title="Parliament of Botswana">Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Botswana)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Botswana)">National Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly of Botswana">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/To_be_decided" class="mw-redirect" title="To be decided">TBD</a></dd></dl></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ntlo_ya_Dikgosi" title="Ntlo ya Dikgosi"><i>Ntlo ya Dikgosi</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(House of Chiefs)</span></a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary constituencies of Botswana">Constituencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Botswana" title="High Court of Botswana">High Court of Botswana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Botswana">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Botswana" title="Districts of Botswana">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-districts_of_Botswana" title="Sub-districts of Botswana">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Botswana" title="Villages of Botswana">Villages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Botswana" title="Elections in Botswana">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2009_Botswana_general_election" title="2009 Botswana general election">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Botswana_general_election" title="2014 Botswana general election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Botswana_general_election" title="2019 Botswana general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Botswana_general_election" title="2024 Botswana general election">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Botswana" title="List of political parties in Botswana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_general_elections_in_Botswana" title="List of general elections in Botswana">List of general elections in Botswana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Botswana" title="Foreign relations of Botswana">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Botswana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Botswana)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: TBD</dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana" title="List of diplomatic missions of Botswana">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Botswana" title="List of diplomatic missions in Botswana">in Botswana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_passport" title="Botswana passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Botswana_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Botswana citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Botswana" title="Visa policy of Botswana">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Botswana" title="Portal:Botswana">Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Botswana" title="Template:Politics of Botswana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Botswana" title="Template talk:Politics of Botswana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Botswana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Botswana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Human rights in Botswana</b> are protected under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Botswana" title="Constitution of Botswana">constitution</a>. The 2022 Human Rights Report by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> noted that in general the government of <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> has respected the rights of its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitution">Constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The constitution of Botswana addresses human rights principles such as <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a> and the right to life.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_and_political_rights">Civil and political rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil and political rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_freedom">Political freedom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Botswana has a <a href="/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">dominant-party system</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Democratic_Party" title="Botswana Democratic Party">Botswana Democratic Party</a> (BDP) won every parliamentary election since independence until 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections in Botswana are recognised as <a href="/wiki/Free_and_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and fair">free and fair</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are no legal restrictions against opposition parties, but the opposition alleges that the BDP has access to unfair electoral advantages while it is in power.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speech_and_expression">Speech and expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Speech and expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The media landscape of Botswana is dominated by <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state media</a>. Independent journalism is heavily regulated, and independent journalists have been arrested or harassed by the government on multiple occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insulting the nation of Botswana, its associated symbols, or any public official is illegal and subject to a fine.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a> is subject to government approval.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Due_process_and_punishment">Due process and punishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Due process and punishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution of Botswana prohibits arbitrary detention, and detained individuals are entitled to legal representation. Most law enforcement comply with these requirements, but the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (page does not exist)">Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services</a> unlawfully detained political opponents in at least two instances in 2022. The government only provides free legal representation for capital crimes. Customary tribal courts do not offer the same legal protections as government courts, though they are popular with the public.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independence of the judiciary is generally upheld.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force" title="Botswana Defence Force">Botswana Defence Force</a> has been criticised for its aggressive actions against suspected <a href="/wiki/Poachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Poachers">poachers</a>, including a shoot-to-kill order from 2013 to 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prison conditions in Botswana meet international standards, and prison officials are held responsible for inhumane conditions. The government of Botswana has been criticised by human rights groups for some of its criminal penalties, including <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_rights">Labour rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Labour rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The right to unionise is protected for all workers except for police, military, and prison workers, and union activity is protected for registered unions. Unregistered unions do not receive the same protections. <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a> is legally protected for all industries except aviation, health, electrical, water and sanitation, fire, and air traffic control services, though significant restrictions are applied and strikes are only allowed under limited circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government guarantees a minimum wage for all workers. As of 2022, this is 7.22 pula ($0.56 USD) per hour. Work hours are limited to 48 hours per week before <a href="/wiki/Overtime" title="Overtime">overtime</a> pay is required.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discrimination">Discrimination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Discrimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_people">Indigenous people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indigenous people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_land_conflict_in_Botswana" title="Ancestral land conflict in Botswana">Ancestral land conflict in Botswana</a></div> <p>Many of the indigenous <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San people</a> have been forcibly relocated from their land onto reservations. To make them relocate, they were denied from accessing <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> from their land and faced arrest if they hunted, which was their primary source of food.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their lands lie in the middle of the world’s richest <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamond</a> field. Officially, the government denies that there is any link to mining and claims the relocation is to preserve the wildlife and ecosystem, even though the San people have lived sustainably on the land for millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the reservations, they struggle to find employment and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> is rampant.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 August 2018 the UN Special Rapporteur on Minorities, Fernand de Varennes, issued a statement calling on Botswana "to step up efforts to recognise and protect the rights of minorities in relation to public services, land and resource use and the use of minority languages in education and other critical areas."<sup id="cite_ref-hrminorities_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrminorities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also expressed, “Many minority children living in remote areas of the country are torn from their families and forced to stay in boarding school hostels, sometimes hundreds of kilometres away from their communities; they may be taught in a language they do not yet speak, with over-burdened care-givers not familiar with their culture, and often lacking material and emotional support. This form of institutionalisation leads to forced assimilation that has a serious negative impact on the performance in school of many, if not most, of these children, and often forces them to drop out, at a heavy personal and social cost. Less intrusive and harmful approaches to providing education for these children, particularly those of a very young age, must be explored and put into force.” <sup id="cite_ref-hrminorities_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrminorities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued, saying, “Since its independence in 1966, Botswana has not provided for the official recognition of its numerous tribes, with the exception of the Wayeyi and the Basubiya. In addition, it has maintained a three-tiered legislative and institutional framework that appears to award privileges to the eight constitutionally recognized Tswana tribes, both in terms of representation in the House of Chiefs as well as with regard to control of local administration structures.”<sup id="cite_ref-hrminorities_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrminorities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Varennes, however, “Botswana has made considerable progress in economic development and other areas including education and literacy, religious freedom, the fight against HIV/AIDS and corruption, but more must be done for minorities.” <sup id="cite_ref-hrminorities_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrminorities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Botswana">LGBT rights in Botswana</a></div> <p>LGBT rights are a controversial subject in Botswana, and members of the LGBT community are often stigmatised. As with many countries in Africa, Botswana has a significant population that rejects the existence of homosexuality on the continent, considering it to be a Western phenomenon. <a href="/wiki/LEGABIBO" title="LEGABIBO">LEGABIBO</a> has been the primary LGBT rights organisation in Botswana since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Botswana's <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> laws were unanimously overturned by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Botswana" title="High Court of Botswana">High Court of Botswana</a> on 11 June 2019. Prior to this, it was a crime to engage in "carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature" or "acts of gross indecency".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same ruling, it was determined that sex-based legal protections also applied to sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was made illegal to fire an employee on the basis of sexual orientation in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Botswana" title="High Court of Botswana">High Court of Botswana</a> ruled in 2017 that transgender people had a constitutional right to have their gender identity legally recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_rights"><span id="Women.27s_rights"></span>Women's rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Women's rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The issue of women's rights was prominent in the 1980s and 1990s, often referred to as the time "when women started talking". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emang_Basadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emang Basadi (page does not exist)">Emang Basadi</a> was the most prominent Botswanan women's rights organisation during this period, focusing at first on challenging laws that limited women's rights and later on <a href="/wiki/Political_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Political education">political education</a> for women. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana_Caucus_for_Women_in_Politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botswana Caucus for Women in Politics (page does not exist)">Botswana Caucus for Women in Politics</a> was formed by Emang Basadi in 1997 to take over these responsibilities, but it has not seen the same level of activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Botswana_v._Unity_Dow" title="Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow">Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow</a></i> was a landmark case in Botswana women's rights, in which <a href="/wiki/Unity_Dow" title="Unity Dow">Unity Dow</a> challenged the <a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswanan nationality law</a> that only allowed citizenship to be inherited paternally.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Woman%27s_Affairs_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woman's Affairs Department (page does not exist)">Woman's Affairs Department</a> is the government agency responsible for addressing women's issues. It has been criticised by women's activists for being ineffectual. As of 2010, Botswana and Swaziland were the only countries in southern Africa not to have a women's issues agency at the department level.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_situation">Historical situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historical situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following chart shows Botswana's ratings since 1972 in the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World" title="Freedom in the World">Freedom in the World</a> reports, published annually by <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".<sup id="cite_ref-FH1972_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH1972-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Historical ratings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Political_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Rights">Political Rights</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Liberties" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Liberties">Civil Liberties</a> </th> <th scope="col">Status </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of state of Botswana">President</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Partly Free </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seretse_Khama" title="Seretse Khama">Seretse Khama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Seretse Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quett_Masire" title="Quett Masire">Quett Masire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Quett Masire </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Festus_Mogae" title="Festus Mogae">Festus Mogae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Festus Mogae </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Khama" title="Ian Khama">Ian Khama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Ian Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Ian Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Ian Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Ian Khama </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Free </td> <td>Ian Khama </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_treaties">International treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Botswana's stances on <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights treaties</a> are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>International treaties </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Treaty </th> <th scope="col">Organization </th> <th scope="col">Introduced </th> <th scope="col">Signed </th> <th scope="col">Ratified </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide">Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/First_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_5_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Non-Applicability_of_Statutory_Limitations_to_War_Crimes_and_Crimes_Against_Humanity" title="Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity">Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_6_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Suppression_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid">International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_8_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_against_Torture_and_Other_Cruel,_Inhuman_or_Degrading_Treatment_or_Punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment">Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_9_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_9-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_11_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_11-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Second_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights,_aiming_at_the_abolition_of_the_death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty">Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_12_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_All_Migrant_Workers_and_Members_of_Their_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families">International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_13_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_13-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_8b_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_8b-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child_on_the_Involvement_of_Children_in_Armed_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_11b_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_11b-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_11c_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_11c-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_15_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_15-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_15a_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_15a-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_All_Persons_from_Enforced_Disappearance" title="International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance">International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_16_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_16-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_3a_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_3a-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child_on_a_Communications_Procedure" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_11d_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_11d-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>United Nations </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Botswana">LGBT rights in Botswana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of January 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through interpolation.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/botswana/">"2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Botswana"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+Botswana&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Electoral+Institute+for+Sustainable+Democracy+in+Africa&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.aulast=Somolekae&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africaportal.org%2Fpublications%2Fpolitical-parties-in-botswana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2022">"Botswana: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"</a>. <i>Freedom House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Human rights and transgender access to legal gender recognition in Botswana"</a>. <i>International Journal of Gender, Sexuality and Law</i>. <b>1</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.19164%2Fijgsl.v1i1.993">10.19164/ijgsl.v1i1.993</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2056-3914">2056-3914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Gender%2C+Sexuality+and+Law&rft.atitle=One+for+one+and+one+for+all%3F+Human+rights+and+transgender+access+to+legal+gender+recognition+in+Botswana&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.19164%2Fijgsl.v1i1.993&rft.issn=2056-3914&rft.aulast=Camminga&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northumbriajournals.co.uk%2Findex.php%2FIJGSL%2Farticle%2Fview%2F993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bauer, Gretchen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0002020600006193/type/journal_article">"Update on the Women's Movement in Botswana: Have Women Stopped Talking?"</a>. <i>African Studies Review</i>. <b>54</b> (2): 23–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Farw.2011.0040">10.1353/arw.2011.0040</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206">0002-0206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Update+on+the+Women%27s+Movement+in+Botswana%3A+Have+Women+Stopped+Talking%3F&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=23-46&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Farw.2011.0040&rft.issn=0002-0206&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0002020600006193%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FH1972-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FH1972_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedom_House2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls">"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424223549/http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 17 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 1 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021103748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020214806/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-6&chapter=4&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-7&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 18 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 23 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 11 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+11b.+Optional+Protocol+to+the+Convention+on+the+Rights+of+the+Child+on+the+involvement+of+children+in+armed+conflict.+New+York%2C+25+May+2000&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-11-b%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_11c-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_11c_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004558/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+11c.+Optional+Protocol+to+the+Convention+on+the+Rights+of+the+Child+on+the+sale+of+children%2C+child+prostitution+and+child+pornography.+New+York%2C+25+May+2000&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-11-c%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_15-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_15_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819033725/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 19 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+15.+Convention+on+the+Rights+of+Persons+with+Disabilities.+New+York%2C+13+December+2006&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-15%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_15a-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_15a_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113202037/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 13 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+15a.+Optional+Protocol+to+the+Convention+on+the+Rights+of+Persons+with+Disabilities.+New+York%2C+13+December+2006&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-15-a%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_16-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_16_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821123748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+16.+International+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+All+Persons+from+Enforced+Disappearance.+New+York%2C+20+December+2006&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-16%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_3a-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_3a_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924103611/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+3a.+Optional+Protocol+to+the+International+Covenant+on+Economic%2C+Social+and+Cultural+Rights.+New+York%2C+10+December+2008&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-3-a%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_11d-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_11d_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825214748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=en">the original</a> on 25 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection%3A+Chapter+IV%3A+Human+Rights%3A+11d.+Optional+Protocol+to+the+Convention+on+the+Rights+of+the+Child+on+a+communications+procedure+.+New+York%2C+19+December+2011.+New+York%2C+10+December+2008&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-11-d%26chapter%3D4%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Botswana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/botswana">Freedom in the World 2012 Report</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_rights_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Africa" title="Human rights in Africa">Human rights in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Algeria" title="Human rights in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Angola" title="Human rights in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Benin" title="Human rights in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Human rights in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Burundi" title="Human rights in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cameroon" title="Human rights in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cape_Verde" title="Human rights in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Human rights in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chad" title="Human rights in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="Human rights in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human rights in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Djibouti" title="Human rights in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Human rights in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Eritrea" title="Human rights in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Eswatini" title="Human rights in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Gabon" title="Human rights in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Gambia" title="Human rights in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ghana" title="Human rights in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Guinea" title="Human rights in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Human rights in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Human rights in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kenya" title="Human rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lesotho" title="Human rights in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Liberia" title="Human rights in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Libya" title="Human rights in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Madagascar" title="Human rights in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malawi" title="Human rights in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mali" title="Human rights in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mauritania" title="Human rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mauritius" title="Human rights in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Morocco" title="Human rights in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mozambique" title="Human rights in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Namibia" title="Human rights in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Niger" title="Human rights in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nigeria" title="Human rights in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Rwanda" title="Human rights in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Human rights in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Senegal" title="Human rights in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Human rights in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somalia" title="Human rights in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Human rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Sudan" title="Human rights in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sudan" title="Human rights in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tanzania" title="Human rights in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Togo" title="Human rights in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tunisia" title="Human rights in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Uganda" title="Human rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Zambia" title="Human rights in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Zimbabwe" title="Human rights in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somaliland" title="Human rights in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Western_Sahara" title="Human rights in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Botswana_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Botswana_topics" title="Template:Botswana topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Botswana_topics" title="Template talk:Botswana topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Botswana_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Botswana topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Botswana_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Botswana-related_topics" title="List of Botswana-related topics">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Botswana" title="History of Botswana">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaborone" title="History of Gaborone">History of Gaborone</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana" title="Coat of arms of Botswana"><img alt="Coat of arms of Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Botswana" title="Geography of Botswana">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Botswana" title="List of cities in Botswana">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Botswana" title="Districts of Botswana">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of reservoirs and dams in Botswana">Reservoirs and dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Botswana" title="List of rivers of Botswana">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Botswana" title="Wildlife of Botswana">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Botswana" title="Politics of Botswana">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Botswana" title="Constitution of Botswana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Botswana" title="Elections in Botswana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Botswana" title="Foreign relations of Botswana">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Botswana">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Botswana" title="Human trafficking in Botswana">Human trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force" title="Botswana Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Botswana" title="List of political parties in Botswana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Botswana" title="Vice-President of Botswana">Vice-President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Botswana" title="Economy of Botswana">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Botswana" title="List of companies of Botswana">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Botswana" title="Energy in Botswana">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Botswana" title="Mining industry of Botswana">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Pula <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Botswana" title="Tourism in Botswana">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Botswana" title="Trade unions in Botswana">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Botswana" title="Transport in Botswana">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Botswana" title="Culture of Botswana">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_art" title="Botswana art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Botswana" title="Flag of Botswana">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Botswana" title="Literature of Botswana">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Botswana">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Botswana" title="Music of Botswana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Botswana" title="Public holidays in Botswana">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Botswana" title="Sport in Botswana">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Botswana" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Botswana">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Botswana" title="Demographics of Botswana">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Botswana" title="Abortion in Botswana">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Botswana" title="Child marriage in Botswana">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Botswana" title="Education in Botswana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Botswana" title="Ethnic groups in Botswana">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Botswana" title="Health in Botswana">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Botswana" title="Human trafficking in Botswana">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Botswana" title="Polygamy in Botswana">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Botswana" title="Prostitution in Botswana">Prostitution</a></li> 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